PTW

Pre-Requisite PTW Training

Module 1
Understanding Hazards and Precautions in PTWS

Emergency Procedures

• Be Aware

• Emergency Exits

• Fire Alarm

CMC 1
PTW

Course Rules

• Mobile Phone usage ( please be courteous)

• Breaks / No Smoking

• Prayers

• Participation

• Toilets

COVID 19 (classroom session)

WE HAVE MADE SURE THAT WE
GIVE OUR CLIENTS A SAFE AND
PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT WITH
THE BEST CARE AND SAFETY
SOLUTION.

WE HAVE RESUMED ALL OUR

CLASS ROOM SESSION AT OUR
TRAINING CENTRE, WITH ALL
POSSIBLE PROTECTIVE
MEASURES TO BE TAKEN

CMC 2
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COVID 19 (Online classroom session)

Client Premises;
• Whole premises is sanitized before and after every training
• All Staffs are COVID 19 tested Negative. (ALHOSN App)
• Temperature Check.
• Physical Distancing while seated (2 Meter)

COVID 19 (classroom session)

All Participants must have;

• COVID 19 Negative test
Results. (ALHOSN App)
• Temperature Check.
• Physical Distancing while
seated and also while
moving(2 Meter)
• PPE’s are provided at the
reception
• Sanitizers are provided at
reception.
• Wash Hands frequently during
breaks.

CMC 3
PTW

SOCIAL DISTANT MAINTAINED CLASS ROOMS .

Daily Premise Sanitization

CMC 4
PTW

Let’s get to know each other…

• Would you kindly tell us your:

• Name;
• Job;
• Experience;

CMC 5
PTW

Introduction- PTWS

• A PTWS is a formal documented system

used to control potentially hazardous
tasks.
• It is a mean of communication between
performing authority and issuing authority
and those who are involved in the work.
• It ensures that proper planning and
consideration is given to the risk of
particular job.
• It ensures that precautions needed have
been verified/ checked by an authorized
person or people.

Common Workplace Hazards and

Hazardous Activities

• Liquid or gas under pressure. • Lifting operations.

• Toxic materials
• Corrosive materials
• Flammable materials
• Hot materials
• Oxygen deficiency
• H2S
• Naked flame or arcs
• Flying particles or sparks
• Electricity
• Radioactivity
• Moving machinery
• Equipment generating sparks
• Pressure testing
• Adjacent operations
• Work at Height
• Difficult Access / egress
• Confined spaces
• Explosives.
• Wind /weather conditions
• Substances harmful to health.
• overriding of safety system.
• Stress
• Vehicles
• Working with unsafe equipments

CMC 6
PTW

Hazards and Precautions

1. Liquid or Gas
under Pressure
For example: steam, crude
oil, water, Gas. etc.

Isolation – Spading/ blinding –

Spacing with blank flanges
Depressurize – drain – vent
Environment protection (spill
tray (holder), HAZMAT kit, etc.)
Grounding – Bonding
Cover catchment basin/ drain

Hazards and Precautions

2. Toxic Materials
For example: H2S, Chlorine, etc.

Barricading workplace, (site approach –

setting up equipment/ vehicles and site
layout)
Facial hair policy
Communication means
Gas detection (portable – personal
monitors)
Emergency preparedness,
Respiratory protection: Airline BA – SCBA
(for rescue) – EEBA sets

CMC 7
PTW

Hazards and Precautions

3. Corrosive Materials
(Chemicals)
For example: Acids, Alkalis, etc.
Barriers
MSDS
Safety signs
Good House keeping, Spill kit,
Emergency Preparedness, Eye wash,
Safety Showers
PPE: chemical gloves, RPE, Goggles
chemical suits – aprons – face shield

Hazards and Precautions

4. Dust/ Mist / Metal Fumes

Proper ventilation (Exhaust)

Barriers and safety signs
MSDS
Good Housekeeping
Emergency Preparedness
Eye wash and Safety Showers
PPE: chemical gloves – dust mask – RPE
(organic vapor mask) Eye and ear
protection

CMC 8
PTW

Hazards and Precautions

5. Flammable Atmosphere

Proper ventilation
MSDS
Good Housekeeping
Barriers and safety signs
Non sparking tools
Gas test (combustible)
Continuous gas monitoring
Ex – proof or intrinsically safe equipment
Inert gas purging / blanketing

Hazards and Precautions

6. Naked Flame
For example: Oxyacetylene torch
Continuous gas monitoring
Fire detection inhibits
Screen off area
Fire blanket
Fire resistant curtain
Fire extinguishers
Fire watch
Pressurized fire water hose
Good housekeeping
Face shield/ shaded glasses
Welder’s suit/ apron/ gloves

CMC 9
PTW

Hazards and Precautions

7. Hot Materials
For example: hot crude oil – hot
surfaces – hot water – steam –
scattered welding sparks/ molten slag,
etc.
Barriers and safety signs
Insulation
Heat resistant gloves
Face screen
Wetting/ quenching with water

Hazards and Precautions

8. Radioactive Materials
NDT using Gamma and X-rays -
NORM
Shielding/Screen off area
Spacing – Safe Distance
Barriers and warning/ safety signs
Personal Dosimeters (Not exceeding
7.5 µS/hr - micro sieverts per hour).
Film badges ( for cumulative)
Impervious (Impermeable) disposable
coveralls (NORM) and suitable Face
mask.
Decontamination facilities
Survey meters for monitoring area
Communication means

CMC 10
PTW

Hazards and Precautions

9. Pyrophoric Scales
Iron Sulfide

Wetting and quenching in water

Inert gas blanketing
Pressurized fire water hose
Fire extinguisher
Fire watch

Hazards and Precautions

10. Moving Machinery/

Rotating equipment
Mechanical guards - Stop machine
Isolation - Inspection
Safety signs - Safety glasses
Good housekeeping
11. Vibration
Shock absorber – dampers
Frequent rest breaks
Mitten (anti-vibration)

12. Noise
Ear protection: Ear Muffs – Ear Plugs

CMC 11
PTW

Hazards and Precautions

13. Lifting Operations
For example: cranes, winches
Access/ egress for crane mobilizing
Banksman/ rigger
Crane pre-use checklist
Current colour code for lifting appliances
and lifting tackles
Barriers and safety signs
Wind speed (stop at 17 knots)
Fire extinguisher
Spark arrestor – exhaust flapper – reverse
alarm
Gas testing - Cover catchment basin/ open
drain
Inform S&LP for road blockage

Hazards and Precautions

14. Electricity
For example: HV, MV, and low voltage,
static electricity

Earth & bonding for static Hot stick (rated up to 33 KV)

Safety glasses
Barriers and safety signs
Arc flash jacket kit
Electrical rubber gloves (LV – HV)
Insulating mat (less than 1000 v)
Insulating ladder (less than 1000 v)
Insulated tool kit (less than 1000 v)
Cable spiking cutter
Body rescue stick (rated up
to 33 KV)
Chemical resistant apron &
Chemical resistant gloves
for battery filling or charge

CMC 12
PTW

Hazards and Precautions

15. Confined Space
Continuous gas monitoring
Repeated gas test every ….hrs
Gas test (Combustible %LEL – O2 – H2S)
Buddy system - Rescue
NORM measurement
B.A (ASR)
Frequent rest breaks
Lifeline
Safety harness
Forced ventilation
Isolation/ LOTO
Head counts
Non sparking tools

Hazards and Precautions

16. Working at Height
For example: Scaffolding – Ladder/
Step ladder

Scaff-tag (Scaffold inspection)

Full body safety harness/ fall arrestor
Maintain housekeeping on working
platform
Wind speed (at 17 knot to stop)
Suitable access (e.g. ladder)

CMC 13
PTW

APPLICATION

Demo

Spotting Some AA/ IA

Mistakes in Permits

Manifold

?
?

CMC 14
PTW

? ?

?
?

?
?

?
? ?

?
?
?

? ?
?

CMC 15
PTW

Pre-Requisite PTW Training

Module 2

Isolation and LOTO

TYPES OF HAZARDOUS ENERGY

 Electrical • Chemical
 Pneumatic • Radiation
 Hydraulic • Steam
 Mechanical • Spring-Driven
 Thermal • Suspended Parts

 Some energy sources can be turned on/off.

 Others can only be dissipated or controlled.

CMC 16
PTW

How Injuries Occur During the Servicing of

Equipment?

 Study’s on injuries while servicing equipment

revealed:

 80% failed to turn off equipment.

 10% equipment activated by someone else.
 5% failed to control potential energy.
 Most of remaining 5% disconnected power but
failed to verify effectiveness.

CMC 17
PTW

Isolation Certificates
An isolation certificate must be issued when
unexpected operation of electrical / instruments or
control, mechanical/ process equipment that can be
started by automatic, manual, or remote control may
result in injuries to persons working on the equipment
or who are in the vicinity due to release of stored
energy.

CMC 18
PTW

Pipelines, Tanks and Vessels shall be Isolated, in order of

preference, by one of the methods listed below.

1. Removal of valves, spool etc., disconnection, and the

fitting of approved solid blanks flanges to the open ends.

POSITIVE ISOLATION, SPOOL REMOVAL

POSITIVE ISOLATION
SPOOL REMOVAL

Pressure Rated
Vent
Gauge Blank

Open
End
FLOW
VESSEL Man-way

Isolation
Valve
Removed
Spool
1

CMC 19
PTW

Pipelines, Tanks and Vessels shall be Isolated, in order of

preference, by one of the methods listed below.

2. Spectacle spades swung to the shut position or the insertion of approved

“ Blind” spades between flanges.

Positive Isolation
Spade Insertion

POSITIVE ISOLATION
SPADE INSERTION

2
Pressure
Vent
Gauge

FLOW
VESSEL Man-way

Isolation
Valve Rated
Spade

CMC 20
PTW

Pipelines, Tanks and Vessels shall be Isolated, in order of

preference, by one of the methods listed below.

3. Double block and bleed valve in between, the bleed point proved free
of obstruction.

Double Block and Bleed (DBB)

Single Valve (Twin Seal)

DOUBLE BLOCK AND BLEED (DBB)

FLOW

CMC 21
PTW

SINGLE VALVE (TWIN SEAL)

3
Single Valve
Twin Seal
FLOW

Single valve that provides a twin seal in a single body

with a bleed between the seals.

CMC 22
PTW

SINGLE VALVE (TWIN SEAL)

3

Pipelines, Tanks and Vessels shall be Isolated, in order of

preference, by one of the methods listed below.

4. Shut and chained/locked block valves. These must be tested and

checked before issuing the isolation certificate and be rechecked
to confirm the valve is not passing.

Single Valve Isolation (SVI)

CMC 23
PTW

Single Valve Isolation (SVI)

Consists the of closure of a single block valve.

What is LOTO?
 “LOTO” is a technique used to prevent energy from
being released during the servicing of equipment.

 This is accomplished by placing locks and tags on

energy isolation devices prior to starting work.

CMC 24
PTW

ADCO LOCKOUT/ COLOUR CODE

Key operated padlocks shall be used

All the following sections shall have their own padlocks and keys.

Each padlock is to be numbered and colour coded as follows.

• Electrical / Power System RED

• Mechanical BLUE
• Instrument GREEN
• Production WHITE
• Contractors YELLOW

Padlocks and keys shall be stored so that they are not available to unauthorized personnel.

A master key or second key for each padlock used for lockout purposes shall be kept in
secure storage for EMERGENCY USE ONLY.

Keys for substation doors, electrical rooms and transformer fence doors shall be kept in the
custody of ADCO’s involved electrical section.
Only the person to whom they are issued shall use padlocks and keys.
They shall never be loaned to other departments or unauthorized persons.

When is LOTO applied?

“…during the servicing and
maintenance of equipment”.
• Adjusting • Clearing jams
• Inspecting • Lubricating
• Modifying • Cleaning
• Replacing parts
• Tool changes
There are some situations where LOTO is not
required…

CMC 25
PTW

Exceptions to LOTO (When?)

 Normal production operations

 Guards/safety devices not bypassed.
 Body part not placed in the point of
operation or other dangerous area
during machine cycle.
 Cord & plug connected equipment
 Plug is only source of energy.
 Plug is under continuous control of one
person.

ENERGY ISOLATION DEVICES

A Device that physically prevents the

transmission or release of energy.

Examples:
 Electrical disconnect switches
 Electrical breaker switches
 Hydraulic valves
Pushbuttons, selector
 Pneumatic valves switches, and other
 Pipe Line valves control circuit devices
are NOT energy
isolation devices.

CMC 26
PTW

General ADCO LOTO Procedure

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3
ID Energy Shutdown
Notify who involved
Sources in the task Equipment

STEP 4 STEP 5 STEP 6

Isolate LOTO Release Stored
Equipment Equipment Energy

STEP 7 STEP 8 STEP 9

Verify Perform Release
Isolation Servicing from LOTO

Pre-Requisite PTW Training

Module 3
Excavation

Hazards & Controls

Ahmed Ismail

CMC 27
PTW

EXCAVATION

Definition of excavations (earth removal)

Types of excavation
 Ditches
 Trenches
 Exposure of buried equipment
 Sand clearance
 Leveling of sands
 Back-filling

Hazards- Collapse of sides

 Type of soil structure is an

important factor

 What might appear to be

a safe soil structure can
change dramatically with
changes in the weather

CMC 28
PTW

HAZARDS - PHYSICAL

 Materials falling onto people

working in the excavation
 People & vehicles falling into
excavation
 People being struck by plant
 Undermining nearby structures
 Contact with underground
services
 Access to excavation

HAZARDS - CHEMICAL

Fumes from v ehicles/plant (C02)

Methane/ H2S and other gases
Contaminated land/previous use?

CMC 29
PTW

HAZARDS - BIOLOGICAL

 Leptospirosis
 Previous use e.g. hospitals
 Drains/sewers
 Rubbish and waste

Injury and Death

• Excavating is one of the

most hazardous
construction operations
• Most accidents occur in
trenches 5-15 feet deep
• There is usually no
warning before a cave-in

CMC 30
PTW

Definitions

• Excavation – a man-made cut,

cavity, trench, or depression
formed by earth removal.
• Trench – a narrow excavation.
The depth is greater than the
width, but not wider than 15
feet.
• Shield - a structure able to
withstand a cave-in and protect
employees

Definitions

• Shoring - a structure that

supports the sides of an
excavation and protects
against cave-ins
• Sloping - a technique that
employs a specific angle of
incline on the sides of the
excavation. The angle
varies based on assessment
of impacting site factors.

CMC 31
PTW

(Control Measures) Collapse of Sides

 Batter sides and ends
 Support with timber,
sheeting or proprietary
support systems
 Use 1.5 m as a guide for
support, but assess
conditions at all times
 Even work in shallow
trenches can be dangerous,
especially if bending or
kneeling

MATERIALS FALLING INTO

EXCAVATIONS
 Do not store spoil or other
materials close to
excavation – they could fall
in or cause sides to
collapse
 Provide guard rails and toe
boards where necessary
 Wear hard hat in
excavations

CMC 32
PTW

PEOPLE & VEHICLES FALLING INTO

EXCAVATIONS

 To prevent falling of people,

provide barriers at 1 m away
from the excavation
 Use stop blocks to prevent
vehicles over-running
 Keep vehicles away from
excavations wherever
necessary

PEOPLE BEING STRUCK BY PLANT

 Keep workers separate

from moving plant
where possible
 Plant operators should
be trained and
competent
 High visibility PPE

CMC 33
PTW

Fumes/ Smokes

 Do not site petrol or

diesel engined
equipment such as
generators or
compressors in, or near
the edge of an
excavation, unless
fumes can be ducted
away or area can be
ventilated

AVOIDING UNDERGROUND
SERVICES
 Look around for obvious signs of
underground services e.g. drains,
patching of surface etc.
 Use cable locators to trace any
services. Mark the ground accordingly
 Use service plan
 Dig trial holes by hand
 Hand dig if in doubt (particularly for
plastic cables which cannot be
detected)
 Have emergency procedures/contact
in place

CMC 34
PTW

Case Study
Accident Date: 22 April 2007
 Worker was requested to expedite the job in order
to catch other similar work for excavation
 Job performer used machine for excavation while
PTW calls for hand excavation only
 JCB machine hit fire water line that is
located underneath a 4500 PSI
gas injection pipe and close to a live 415
volts electrical cable
 No injuries or fire. Only damage.
GASCO Fire
Water Line

Live gas line

4500 PSI Live electric
cable 415
volts

SUPERVISION
 A competent person must
supervise the installation,
alteration or removal of
excavation support
 People working in
excavations should be
given clear instructions
on how to work safely

CMC 35
PTW

INSPECTIONS

 Competent person must inspect the

excavation site:
 At start of work;

 After any event likely to have affected

strength or stability of excavation; and

 After any accidental fall of rock, earth

and other material.

 Stop work if inspection shows excavation
to be unsafe

1 2 3

4 8

7
6
5

CMC 36
PTW

Pre-Requisite PTW
Training
Module 4

Confined Space Entry

Why We Are Discussing CS Entry

?
Entry into a confined space is a hazardous activity in the oil and gas
business. Entry permit systems have been in place for years but fatal
accidents continue to happen. An entry certificate by itself, does not
make an entry safe.

Discussions are essential:

• To maintain awareness
• To learn the lessons from
past accidents
• (Case Study)

CMC 37
PTW

A confined space What is a confined space ?

is any space with
limited access  Any space where the atmosphere is
and escape, different from normal
 Some spaces are obviously confined
where flammable e.g.. process vessel,tanks, sewers
or toxic vapours  Others are less obvious e.g.. open-
topped / floating roof tank, pit - 1
could collect, m, excavation 2m deep
or where the  Other specific locations may be
designated as confined spaces by
oxygen content site management
could be reduced  Note that ‘entry’ includes putting
your head inside an enclosed space
e.g.. for visual inspection

CMC 38
PTW

The Tragic H2S Incident on 3rd

February 2009 At Shah Field

Multiple Fatalities- Exposure to toxic gases

KM-58 Pit Location

CMC 39
PTW

KM-58 Pit Location

Drainage hose
Nylon rope used
for closing valve
PVC pipe used
For opening valve

CMC 40
PTW

CONFINED SPACE FATAL MISTAKES

 Not ventilating
 Not planning for rescue
 Not considering effect of disturbing contents
 Welding without checking adjacent
compartment.
 Not considering nearby activities/ operations.

Hazards of Confined Space Entry

 Failure to identify confined space

 Failure to isolate the vessel
 Failure to isolate internal appliances e.g.. Mixers,
heaters, etc.
 Exposure to explosive, toxic, corrosive, irritating
or asphyxiating atmosphere
 Exposure to hazardous materials
 Risks associated with work in a confined space
e.g.. Fumes
 Inability to exit quickly in emergency
 Risk from activities outside the vessel

CMC 41
PTW

Asphyxiation in Construction Site

Similar incidents have occurred at

other locations within the industry

10.2% Oxygen measured approx.

20 minutes after entry by the victim

CMC 42
PTW

Hazardous Atmosphere
A hazardous atmosphere means an atmosphere that may expose
employees to the risk of death, impairment of ability to self-rescue,
injury, or acute illness from one or more of the following causes:

Oxygen Deficiency or Enrichment

Oxygen Enrichment

CMC 43
PTW

Oxygen Enrichment

Hazardous Atmosphere

A hazardous atmosphere means an atmosphere that may expose

employees to the risk of death, impairment of ability to self-rescue,
injury, or acute illness from one or more of the following causes:
1. Explosive Atmosphere

CMC 44
PTW

Toxic Atmosphere

A hazardous atmosphere means an atmosphere that may expose

employees to the risk of death, impairment of ability to self-rescue,
injury, or acute illness from one or more of the following causes:
2. Toxic Atmosphere
Toxic gases are those that have a damaging
effect on health. In sufficient quantities they
can cause serious injury or death.

Controlling the Risks

 Plan and think through the work in advance,

involving all the relevant people including
specialists (Ops, Maintenance, HSE)
 Is entry essential, or can the work e.g.. inspection
be done from outside ? Golden rule is “Don’t go in
if you don’t have to”.
 All practical means must be employed to make
the vessel safe from the outside before entry is
permitted.
 The confined space entry certificate system is
then used to control the entry.

CMC 45
PTW

Controlling the Risks (Cont’d)

 Isolate contaminant and moving

parts (prevent accidental
introduction of materials e.g.
steam, crude, water, etc.
through piping, ducts, vents.
 De-energize, lockout/ tagout

machinery.
 Clean, purge, ventilate the

confined space if necessary.

 Test the atmosphere for toxic
and combustible contaminant.

ADNOC Facial Hair Policy

 A respirator, either positive or

negative pressure, equipped with
facepiece shall not be worn if facial
hair comes between the sealing
surface of the facepiece and the
face or if facial hair interfaces with
the exhalation valve operation.

 The wearer should understand all

the risks of respiratory injury or
death, which may particularly result
when exposed to toxic
gases/vapours or to oxygen
deficient atmospheres.

CMC 46
PTW

ADCO Facial Hair Policy (cont.)

Gas Testing in Confined Spaces

CMC 47
PTW

Entry without (B.A)

 Entry without B.A will not be authorised

until all deposits, scale & sludge has been
removed, and gas test has been done by
Authorised Gas Tester. And the confined
space has been certified safe by Area
Authority / Issuing Authority
Guidelines:
– Oxygen 19.5% to 22.5% volume
– Flammable gas < 5% LEL
– Toxic gas < 10 PPM
 If gas tester is required to enter a
confined space to get a correct reading
then Full B.A. and lifeline is required.

Unauthorized Entry Kills

RESCUE

CMC 48
PTW

Pre-Requisite PTW Training

Module 5

Hazrds and Risk

 Hazard: anything has potential to cause
harm
 Risk refers to the likelihood and severity
of an injury or an illness or damage, etc.

CMC 49
PTW

Types of Hazards
Harassment
Shift work Corrosives
Living away from home Toxic
Flammable Flame
Psychological Smoke Fumes
Overtime
Chemical
Gases
Job design Stress Explosive
Workstations Asphyxiates
Anger Dusts
Working hours Irritant

Ergonomic Differences in height

Machinery
Manual handling Slip/ Trip/ Fall
Lifting Equipment
Strain Mechanical
Transportation
Noise Sea Desert Vehicles
Ionizing Radiation Environment
Non-Ionizing Radiation Weather D.C
Physical Plants Lightening
PressureTemperature
Humidity
Bacteria Batteries
Vibration Pests Insects
Viruses Electrical
Electrostatic
Lighting Biological Lightening
Micro-organisms M.V
H.V
Temperature

99

Risk Evaluation

 All identified hazards should be subject to an

evaluation for Risk Potential.

Risk = Probability x Severity (Consequences)

Reducing Risk by:

 Reducing Probability
 Preventing or Minimising Consequences

100

CMC 50
PTW

RISK Management Process

RISK MANAGEMENT is the systematic process of:

• Identifying potential hazardous events and their

potential consequences (hazard analysis)

• Evaluating the risk potential of the hazardous event

occurring (risk analysis)

• Managing the risk at an ALARP risk level, which may

be achieved by reducing the probability of a hazardous
event occurring or mitigating its potential
consequences

• Reviewing the hazards and risks on a periodic basis.

101

Risk Assessment Principles

 Risk Assessments shall be performed

Before any work commences on all
worksites where hazards have been
identified or potential hazards are expected
to exist.
 Risk Assessments should be kept short and
simple and MUST be Recorded.

102

CMC 51
PTW

Risk Classification

High Risk :Unacceptably high

This level of risk exposes the Company to intolerable
losses to People, Assets, Environment or Reputation.

Medium Risk
Acceptable but must be managed at ALARP
The hazards must be managed to reduce the frequency
and/or the severity of the hazardous events to ALARP.

Low Risk
Acceptable without required further action.
Corrections may be applied as resources allow.

103

Risk Matrix

104

CMC 52
PTW

Managing Risk to ALARP

Depending on the nature of the specific hazards,
this may require different steps to:

Prevent the hazards from occurring (eliminate) or to

reduce the likelihood of the incidents;

Mitigate the consequences of the hazards which are

inherent to the type of operation or working environment

Recover from the consequences of incidents.

Recovery measures should be developed for all
foreseeable emergencies with the aim to prevent
escalation

105

Task Risk Assessment

• The Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
Procedure comprises 6 key steps:

1.Task identification
2.Hazard identification
3.Identifying who/what might be harmed
4.Quantifying the risk
5.Applying control measures
6.Re-appraising the residual risk

106

CMC 53
PTW

Who might be harmed?

 Work personnel  Assets,

 Contractors People sharing  Equipment,
your workplace
 Material,
 Operators
 Process,
 Cleaners
 Environment,
 Supervisors
 Reputation
 Supporting teams
 Any one in that premises

High Risk Jobs

Task Risk Assessment Team
 JP ,JO and AA as a minimum
 HSE representative as advisor
 Other relevant parties if necessary
• Job Performer will submit TRA when
request permit.
• TRA is mandatory for the high risk job
• The need for TRA is left at discretion of
Area Authority if task is of medium risk.

CMC 54
PTW

Pre-Requisite PTW Training

Module 6

CMC 55
PTW

SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK

The integration of People,

Equipment and Materials in the
correct Environment to produce
the safest possible conditions in a
specific work area”
a systematic examination of the
tasks of working process in order
to identify all hazards. It define
methods of working which
eliminate those hazards or
minimise the risk associated with
them.

Examples of Work Equipment

Work Equipment Examples

Hand tools  Hammers, meat cleavers, stapler
Power tools  Drills, sanders, jig saws, powered screw
drivers
Machinery  Single machines, e.g. power presses,
photocopiers
 Several machines, e.g. a food production line
Apparatus  Bunsen burners
Lifting equipment  Hoists, lift trucks, lifting slings
Other  Ladders, pressure water cleaners

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Using Hand Tools & Portable Power Tools in Maintenance

 Common sense and a good attitude are the most important

requirements for safe use of hand and power tools.
Hand tools checklist
 use your tools for its intended
purpose only
 use tool correctly
 make moveable parts of the tool
tightened before use
 use the right size tool for the job
 falling tools are deadly. when
working up high, secure tools so they
won’t fall.
Keep cutting edge sharp.
 Do not use banned or unathorised
tools
Inspect each tool before using it,
replace the defective tool
 carry cutting tools with the edge
pointed town
 use the right PPE with each tool
 clean tools after every use
 use non sparking tools in hazardous
areas.
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Precautions for Portable Power Tools

 Never carry a tool by the cord or hose

 Never pull the cord or the hose to
disconnect it
 Keep cords and hoses away from heat, oil,
and sharp edges
 Disconnect tools when not in use, for
servicing, and repair
 Keep all observers at a safe distance away
from the work area
 Secure workpiece with clamps, freeing both
hands to operate the tool
 Avoid accidental starting

Precautions for Portable Power Tools

 Regularly inspect tools and report defects

 Remove damaged portable electric tools from
use
 Use FCIs or similar with electrical supplies to
portable tools
 Ensure good footing and maintain good
balance
 Wear appropriate PPE
 Maintain tools in good working order
 Regularly inspect tools and report defects
 Remove damaged portable electric tools from
use

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Using Hand Tools & Portable Power Tools

in Maintenance
Power tools checklist
 make sure the power switch is off  always disconnect the power
before plugging in or unplugging before cleaning or repairing the
tools. tool.
 use a ground fault circuit Inspect each tool before using it,
interrupter. replace the defective tool
 avoid wearing rings, jewelry or  use the right PPE with each tool
loose clothing while operating a
power tool.
 never unplug a tool by pulling on  use pneumatic tools if possible
the cord.
 use battery operated tools, or
low/ safe voltage electrical tool
whenever applicable.

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HAZARDS OF ELECTRICITY

Be SAFE
 Burns

 Shock

 Arcing

 Fires

 Explosions

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Secondary Effects of Electrical Hazards

 Falls from height
 Unintentional movement of
machinery
 Failure of control measures &
security systems
 Loss of information
 Corporate reputation
 Throw off
 Sudden movement of the body

Electric Shock

 Direct contact
 Contact with a live conductor that is
supposed to be live

 Indirect contact
 Contact with a conductor that should
not be live but is live through a fault

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Health Effects

 Surface burns to the skin

 Internal burns
 Damage to the nervous system
 Muscular contractions
 Physical trauma
 Stopping breathing (respiratory
paralysis)
 Irregular heartbeat (Ventricular
fibrillation)
 Cardiac arrest (Heart stops)

THE LEAD

 Run over by vehicles

 Dragged over rough
surfaces
 Trapped in machinery
 Exposed to hot surfaces or
corrosive chemicals
 Continuous bending

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Joints, Connections and Plugs

 Makeshift and temporary
connections
 Leads getting pulled out of
plug cord grips
 Connections wired
incorrectly
 Poor or no earth
 No or wrong fuse

Unsafe Working Practices

 Unsuitable modifications
 Modifications whilst the
appliance is ‘live’
 Misuse
 Unsuitable equipment
 Unsuitable environments
 Use of damaged equipment
 No fault reporting

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PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS

 Fuse
 Weak link designed to melt when overloaded, thus
breaking the circuit
 The lack of a fuse, or use of incorrectly rated fuses is
a cause of electrical fires
 Advantages

 Disadvantages

 What else do we have

Q&A

Thank you and Be safe

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