Circular motion-

When a body moves such that it always remains at

a fixed distance from a fixed point then its motion
is said to be circular motion.
………………………….

The fixed distance is

called the radius
…………..of
the circular path and
the fixed point is
called the center
……………of
the circular path
UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION v’
v = v’
Observations -

1. Particle is observed from P to P’.
2. r is radius . P’
v
3. Direction of velocity at point P is along v (Tangent)
S
4. Direction of velocity at point P’ is along v’ (Tangent)
O 
5. Angle (Angular distance) covered from P to P’ is θ
r
6. Linear Displacement covered from P to P’ is S
P
arc S
Since, Angle = θ= r
radius
S = r θ Relation Between Angular Distance & Linear Distance

θ
7. Angular speed – ω=t = s = v
rt r
v=rω Relation Between Angular speed and Linear speed

ω = 2π
….
8.Time Period – time taken to complete one revolution (T). T
1
9. Frequency- Number of revolutions per unit time. f= T
Types of CIRCULAR MOTION

Speed is constant
v = v’
UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

Speed is variable
v = v’
NON UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

Uniform circular motion Non uniform circular motion

Constant speed Speed is Variable

Acceleration due to Acceleration due to change

change in direction. in both speed and direction.
Acceleration is called Accelerations are called
‘Centripetal acceleration’ 1. ‘Centripetal acceleration’
2. ‘Tangential acceleration’
10. Centripetal Acceleration – due to change in direction.
v2
ac = But v = r
r

(r)2
 ac = or ac = 2r
r

11. Centripetal force –

mv2 Fc = mrω2
Fc = r or

The direction of Centripetal acceleration or Centripetal force

is towards center.
Non-Uniform Circular Motion
if the magnitude of velocity (Speed) also varies
with time due to which it experiences tangential acceleration aT
besides centripetal acceleration aC.

Since both the accelerations are mutually perpendicular to each other,

the resultant acceleration aR is given by their vector sum.

aR aT

aR =√ (aT2 + aC2)
O aC
Few example in which some other force acts
as
centripetal force.
Circular motion of planets around sun or satellites around planet

mv2 GMm
= 2
r r

Circular motion of mud particles sticking to the wheels of

the vehicle. mv2 Fadhesive
=
r
At very high speed when adhesive force is unable to provide necessary centripetal
force, the mud particles fly off tangentially

Following Provides necessary centripetal force

A part of weight
Muscular force Frictional force Banking of roads
Centrifugal
force