Ellynil Cardeño

DMT-1A-NS

ASSIGNMENT # 4

Search for the following topic, read and understand them carefully.

A. ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION

1. Purpose of accident investigation

The prime objective of accident investigation is prevention. Finding the causes of

an accident and taking steps to control or eliminate it can help prevent
similar accidents from happening in the future. ... Investigators can then
determine accident conditions by examining physical evidence and interviewing
witnesses.

2. Accident Investigation officer

is the process of determining the root causes of accidents, on-the-job injuries,

property damage, and close calls in order to prevent them from occurring again.

3. Accident Report

Accident and incident reporting is an important aspect of monitoring or measuring

safety performance and allows an organisation, through investigations, to learn
from mistakes and improve health and safety.
. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE and CONTRL MEASURE

1. Classification of Hazards

1. Natural Hazards
a. Terrestrial hazards
Those hazards which originate inside the earth or its atmosphere are called
terrestrial hazards.
i. Endo-genic Hazards
Hazards which originate inside the surface of the earth are termed as endogenic
hazards. E.g., Volcanic, Earthquake
ii. Exo-genic Hazards
Hazards which originate above the surface of the earth (in the atmosphere) are
called exogenic hazards. These can be further sub-divided into the following
categories:
A. Atmospheric Hazards
Natural hazards that originate in the atmosphere of the earth are called
atmospheric hazards. These include cyclones, tornadoes, droughts,
thunderstorms etc. Drought, Rainfall, Snowfall, Winds, Hailstorm
B. Hydrospheric Hazards
Those natural hazards that are related to water in the atmosphere are termed as
hydro spheric hazards. Wave Currents, Tsunamis, Floods
C. Lithospheric Hazards
Lithospheric hazards are those natural hazards that occur near to the surface of
the earth. It includes the following hazards: Landslides, weathering, erosion,
shifting, avalanches, sink Holes
Calcium carbonate inside the surface of the earth is dissolved by the underground
running water and taken away with it, creating holes. This causes the earth to
become hollow and eventually the earth above it settles down under load.
iii. Biotic Hazards
The types of hazards that originate through plants, animals or humans.
A. Floral Hazards (Plants)
The type of hazards that originate from plant life.
B. Faunal hazards (Animals)
C. Anthropogenic Hazards (Man Induced)
1. Physical
Earthquake, Landslide, Erosion
2. Chemical
Release of Toxic Chemical, Nuclear Explosion
3. Biological
Eutrophication, Population Explosion
b. Extra-Terrestrial hazards
2. Hazard Recognition Procedure

Hazard recognition relates to the identification of a suspected hazard due to its

potential to harm or do damage. Workers who identify a hazard should complete
a hazard recognition form and submit it to management. When assessing a near
miss hazard, you should undertake a detailed inspection or testing of the hazard.

3. Work Environment Measurement Monitoring

Work Environment Measurement (WEM) is a process of measuring the

magnitude, frequency and duration of exposure to physical and chemical
hazards. As per the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) general
provision towards Occupational Safety and Health Standards.

4. Types of Control measure

Elimination

Completely get rid of chemicals, materials, processes, and equipment that are
unnecessary to your specific experiment.

Substitution

Switch out processes, equipment, material, or other components, where applicable.

Engineering Controls

Although elimination and substitution are separate controls in the hierarchy of control
measures, they are also considered engineering controls because they are designed to
remove the hazardous source before the worker makes contact. Other forms of
engineering controls include:
 Administrative Controls

While engineering controls seek to eliminate hazards, administrative controls aim to

minimize a lab worker's exposure. Administrative controls are the existing safety rules
and protocols put in place for workers in the lab to follow. Following are examples of
administrative controls:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Even though the hierarchy of control measures indicates PPE is the least effective of
control measure, it should absolutely be used, in case other control measures fail. The
success of PPE depends in part on whether or not lab workers actually use it.