`

Assignment No. 02

Qualification Unit number and title

BTEC Levels 4 and 5 Higher Nationals

UNIT 79 : Vehicle Electronics
specification in Automotive Engineering

Student name Assessor name

ROYSTON .A. DSOUZA Rahul Sutar

Date issued Completion date Submitted on

4 JAN 2019 14 JAN 2019

Assignment title Operation of microprocessor hardware and suppression methods

& Analyze fault diagnosis and repairs on vehicle electronic systems

Learner declaration

I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully
acknowledged.

Student signature: ROYSTON .A. DSOUZA Date:

`

Achieved/
Learning outcomes Not Evidence to meet outcome
Achieved
Analyses microprocessor CAN, microcontrollers
3.1
hardware operation in
vehicle
systems

Analyses the operation of Resistive suppression of oscillations, screening, use of inductors

3.2
a suppression method Capacitors, filter works in interface suppression

Carry out systematic test Carry out systematic test procedures on Hyundai Eon car
4.1
procedures on vehicle For microprocessor, sensor and suppression system
microprocessor, sensor
and suppression systems
and record results

Evaluate the use of a Signal plausibility checks; open and short circuit checks;
vehicle self-diagnosis processor operation and memory test routines; error/trouble
4.2 system codes; standardization of connectors and codes;
continuity checks; sensor output; resistance checks

Identify and repair faults Microprocessor and Throttle position sensor

on a vehicle
microprocessor,
4.3 Sensor/actuator and
suppression system.

Explain the difference

Achieved/
M3 between microcontroller Difference between microcontroller and microprocessor
Not
and microprocessor
Achieved

Carry out the testing of Physical inspection, Power, Signal, ground, checking on
Achieved/
O2 sensor in a systematic multimeter.
Not
D2 way in regard to its Connect OBD tools, find out DTC code and trouble shoot this
Achieved
serviceability. Coad if necessary
`
Trouble shoot the Code DTC Code P0607.
D3
P0607(Control module Trouble area
performance) and explain Refer diagnosis manual
1)why does code
generated(detecting
Achieved/
condition)
Not
2)Trouble area
Achieved
Refer Maruti Suzuki New
Swift Vehicle

Assignment Feedback

Formative Feedback: Assessor to Student

`

Action Plan

Summative feedback

Feedback: Student to Assessor

Task01: In this task I have understood the Analyses microprocessor hardware operation in vehicle systems
like Control Area Network and microcontrollers.
Task 02: In this task I get to know learnt about the operation of a suppression method likes Resistive
suppression of oscillations, screening, use of inductors Capacitors and filter works in interface suppression.
Task 03: In this task I had learned the various systematic test procedures on a vehicle For microprocessor,
sensor and suppression system and record results.
Task 04: Through this task I have learnt about the use of a vehicle self-diagnosis system likes Signal
plausibility checks; open and short circuit checks; processor operation and memory test routines;
error/trouble codes; standardization of connectors and codes; continuity checks; sensor output; resistance
checks in similar way.
Task 05: In this task I understand and justify the repair faults on a vehicle microprocessor, Sensor/actuator
and suppression system likes Microprocessor and Throttle position sensor.
Task 06: In this task there are many difficulties but I have learnt the Difference between microcontroller and
microprocessor in successfully manner.
Task D2: Through this task there are also many difficulties in different way but I get to know and the testing
of O2 sensor in a systematic way in regard to its serviceability in category wise Physical inspection, Power,
Signal, ground, checking on multimeter. Connect OBD tools, find out DTC code and trouble shoot this Coad if
necessary, so I have finally done in successfully manner.
Task D3: In this task I get to know learnt about the Trouble shoot the Code P0607 (Control module
performance).
`

Assessor signature rahul.s@ragc.in Date

Student signature ROYSTON .A. DSOUZA Date

Task 01:
Analyses microprocessor hardware operation in vehicle Systems (P1.1)
Introduction of Microprocessor
A microprocessor system for safety-
critical control operations includes
three central units which are located
jointly on one chip and execute the
same program. Further, there is
provision of read-only memories and
random-access memories, input and
output units, and comparators which
check the output signals of the central
units for correlation. The central units
are interconnected by system of bus
systems and bypasses which allow the
central units to jointly read and
perform the existing data and
commands according to the same
program. The memory capacity of the read-only and the random-access memories in total amounts to at least
200% compared to the memory required for a non-redundant system. The memory locations are distributed
among the three systems, for example, in a ratio of 100:50:50. The central units are extended by redundant
periphery components to provide two complete control signal circuits and are interconnected so that, in case
of a failure, the faulty central unit can be identified by a majority decision, and a change-over to an emergency
operation mode can take place.
http://www.chipsetc.com/uploads/1/2/4/4/1244189/6873681_1_orig.png

What does Controller Area Network (CAN) mean?

https://static.techspot.com/images2/news/bigimage/2017/10/2017-10-10-image-25.jpg
`
A Controller Area Network (CAN) transport is a correspondence system made for vehicle intercommunication.
This transport permits numerous microcontrollers and distinctive sorts of gadgets to speak with one another
progressively and furthermore without a host PC.
A CAN transport, in contrast to Ethernet, does not require any tending to plans, as the hubs of the system
utilize remarkable identifiers. This furnishes the hubs with data in regards to the need and the direness of the
transmitted message. These transports additionally proceed with transmission even on account of an impact,
while ordinary Ethernet ends associations when a crash is identified. It is a totally message-based convention,
and is utilized principally in vehicles.
CONTROL AREA NETWORK (CAN) Operation in vehicle systems
The Controller Area Network was created in 1986 by Robert Bosch. More up to date models of vehicles may
have in excess of 70 Electronic Control Units (ECU), of which the most essential is the Engine control unit.
Correspondence between these hubs is essential, as information is continually being transported between
these hubs. The CAN system was created so as to fill in the correspondence holes which regularly emerge
when a specific subsystem of ECUs needs data from a sensor in another subsystem.
A standout amongst the best highlights of such correspondences is that the vehicle can really react to specific
circumstances rapidly, and it is substantially less costly to actualize when contrasted with those highlights
which are wired in the vehicle system. Be that as it may, the extent of the Controller Area Network isn't
restricted to vehicular interchanges as it were. These systems are likewise utilized in correspondence between
the diverse microcontrollers in implanted systems and furthermore in the correspondence systems for keen
gadgets.

https://ca.res.keymedia.com/files/image/Aleaf1.gif

 It is assessed that the present very much prepared vehicle utilizes more than 50 microcontroller units
(MCUs).
 As a result, in-vehicle networking has created a quiet evolution in automotive technology, resulting in
the elimination of unwieldy wiring harnesses once used in control circuits.
 Networking has made the advanced technology features for 2010–2011 model vehicles possible,
including onboard communications systems, control systems such as lane departure warning systems,
and (slippery) road-condition advisories.
`
 Microcontrollers (MCUs) convey imperative execution in an undeniably wide scope of car applications,
from engine control to infotainment systems and auto body control.
 Their ubiquity is developing while cost affectability and union are expanding, implying that MCUs are
seen increasingly more as wares. Regardless of this commoditization pattern, architects of auto
systems comprehend that there are noteworthy contrasts between controllers, including fluctuating
dimensions of coordination and power necessities. The decision of a MCU can regularly lessen the Bill
of Materials (BOM) cost, which adequately brings down the cost of the electronic control unit (ECU)
itself.
Task: (M3)
Explain the difference between microcontroller and microprocessor

Operation of Microcontroller in Vehicle System

Microcontrollers (MCUs) convey imperative execution in an undeniably wide scope of car applications, from
engine control to infotainment systems and auto body control.
Their ubiquity is developing while cost affectability and union are expanding, implying that MCUs are seen
increasingly more as wares. Regardless of this commoditization pattern, architects of auto systems
comprehend that there are noteworthy contrasts between controllers, including fluctuating dimensions of
coordination and power necessities. The decision of a MCU can regularly lessen the Bill of Materials (BOM)
cost, which adequately brings down the cost of the electronic control unit (ECU) itself.
It is assessed that the present very
much prepared vehicle utilizes more
than 50 microcontroller units (MCUs).
As a result, in-vehicle networking has
created a quiet evolution in automotive
technology, resulting in the elimination
of unwieldy wiring harnesses once
used in control circuits.
Networking has made the advanced
technology features for 2010–2011
model vehicles possible, including
onboard communications systems,
control systems such as lane departure
warning systems, and (slippery) road-
condition advisories. https://westcoastecutuning.com/wp-
content/uploads/2016/09/me97ecu_2_3.jpg

Operation of Microprocessor in Vehicle system

In spite of the fact that these Microprocessor make it increasingly

troublesome for you to deal with your own vehicle, some of them
really make your vehicle simpler to support. Another advantage of
having an interchanges transport is that every module can convey
issues to a focal module, which stores the issues and can impart them
to an off-board indicative apparatus.
`
This can make it simpler for experts to determine issues to have the vehicle, particularly irregular issues, which
are infamous for vanishing when you get the vehicle for fixes. These kinds of interchanges guidelines make it
much uncomplicated for carmakers to re-appropriate the structure and assembling of segments: The carmaker
doesn't need to stress over the subtleties of how each check or light is driven, and the provider who makes the
instrument board doesn't need to stress over where the signs are coming from.
https://is4-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Purple122/v4/93/9a/3e/939a3e41-7ae2-8e22-bc80-6023fe82dfc7/
pr_source.png/643x0w.jpg
Difference between microcontroller and microprocessor

Microprocessor Micro Controller

1) Microprocessor is heart of Computer 1) Micro Controller is a heart of embedded

system. system.

2) It is just a processor. Memory and I/O 2) Micro controller has external processor
components have to be connected along with internal memory and i/O
externally components

3) Meanwhile memory and I/O has to be

3) Meanwhile memory and I/O are present
connected externally, the circuit becomes
internally, the circuit is small.
large.

4) Cannot be used in compact systems and 4) Can be used in compact systems and
henceforth inefficient hereafter it is an efficient technique

5) Cost of the entire system increases 5) Cost of the entire system is low

6) Due to external components, the entire 6) Meanwhile external components are

power consumption is high. Therefore it low, total power consumption is less
is not appropriate to use with devices and can be used with devices running on
running on stored power like batteries. stored power like batteries.

7) Most of the micro controllers have

7) Most of the microprocessors do not have power saving modes like idle mode and
power saving features. power saving mode. This helps to reduce
power consumption even further.

8) Microprocessor have less number of 8) Micro controller have more number of

registers, therefore more operations are registers, therefore the programs are
`

memory based. easier to write.

9) Microprocessors are constructed on von

9) Micro controllers are constructed on
Neumann model/architecture where
Harvard architecture where program
program and data are stored in same
memory and Data memory are separate
memory module

Task 02:
Analyses the operation of a suppression method.

Introduction of fire suppression system

A fire suppression system is an engineered set of components
that are designed to extinguish an accidental fire, typically in a
workplace but also potentially in a transport vehicle or other
site of interest.
Fire suppression system dependably comprise of no less than
one part intended to stifle a fire through the utilization of an
outside substance. Many fire suppression systems additionally
comprise of Fire discovery systems, just as flagging
instruments intended to caution specialists to the issue and
brief mindful people to take further suppressive activities. The
discovery of a Fire frequently naturally initiates the quenching
part of the system; in any case, some fire suppression systems
require manual actuation.
https://media-praetorian.netdna-ssl.com/article-images/20180510_FR1_Fire_Tetrahedron__ecc3bb64-8d40-49c6-bff8-
996b749d87e6_.png?w=300&format=jpg&quality=87

Resistive suppression of oscillations

To suppress the oscillation, the inverter yield impedance would be advised to be viewed as nearly high at the
symphonious swaying recurrence albeit generally low at extra frequencies. For this determination, the virtual
impedances are added to be connected with the original output impedance.
The above three forms can reach the same performance for oscillation suppression. For the first and second
forms, it is relatively complicated to introduce one virtual impedance to realize that the inverter output
impedance shows high at the harmonic oscillation frequency while relatively low at other frequencies.
Though, the third form with two
virtual impedances is relatively easy
to achieve this purpose.
The aftereffects of an exploratory
examination concerning the
concealment of independent burning
motions in gas-terminated machines
by the utilization of detached
resistive gadgets are displayed.
Remote resistive gadgets were by
and large fruitful in totally
`
smothering ignition motions in a test burning system. The outcomes got from this examination demonstrated
that an "aloof safeguard" and a punctured layer of
Cerablanket were two of the best kinds of gadgets for smothering ignition motions, which can be connected to
down to earth burning systems https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-
S1090780717302987-fx1.jpg

Use of Inductor, Capacitors and filter works in interface suppression

When a current flows in an inductor, magnetic lines of force are generated. When the magnetic lines of force
pass through a conductor, such as the copper foil in a PCB, eddy currents are generated in that part of the
conductor. That is, if there is an electrically conducting body near the inductor, problems may be caused by
eddy currents in the body. The eddy currents flow in a direction so as to cancel the magnetic lines of force,
and so the inductance is reduced, and the Q factor falls (losses are increased). Here, Q is one parameter
representing the amount of loss in an inductor, and a higher Q factor means lower losses. In addition, when
copper foil near an inductor is a signal line, eddy currents may cause noise to propagate in signals, with
possible adverse effects on the circuit operation.

https://www.murata.com/~/media/webrenewal/products/inductor/nfc/inductor_nfc_005.ashx?la=en-sg

 There is another issue to consider as well: an inductor is a component that generates heat.
 When a current flows in an inductor, heat is generated by the resistive component of the windings and
by other losses.
 When an inductor reaches a high temperature, its parts may be degraded, and it is well known that
when a ferrite core is used, if the Curie temperature is exceeded, the inductance will drop sharply.
`
 Current ratings and resistance values are indicated in the specifications as guidelines, and in actual
implementation, the problem of heat dissipation must be carefully considered.

Task 03:
Carry out systematic test procedures on vehicle microprocessor, sensor and suppression
systems and record results

Test procedures on vehicle microprocessor

https://i.ytimg.com/vi/9MpDQSynGIQ/maxresdefault.jpg

1) The test must assure a fault coverage as good as possible.

2) Its goal is only fault detection. No fault diagnosis is required.
3) The test runs directly after power-on, therefore the run-time is in wide
4) range unlimited.
5) In the absence of external checking hardware it works upon the basis
6) of internal error detection.
7) The program must be as short as possible.
8) In spite of the fact that these Microprocessor make it increasingly troublesome for you to deal with
your own vehicle, some of them really make your vehicle simpler to support.
9) Another advantage of having an interchanges transport is that every module can convey issues to a
focal module, which stores the issues and can impart them to an off-board indicative apparatus.
10) This can make it simpler for experts to determine issues to have the vehicle, particularly irregular
issues, which are infamous for vanishing when you get the vehicle for fixes.
11) These kinds of interchanges guidelines make it much uncomplicated for carmakers to re-appropriate
the structure and assembling of segments.
`
12) The carmaker doesn't need to stress over the subtleties of how each check or light is driven, and the
provider who makes the instrument board doesn't need to stress over where the signs are coming
from.

Test procedures Oxygen sensor

All Engines keep running on an ideal fuel to air blend called "stoichiometric" which implies synthetically
adjusted. This reasonable fuel to air proportion is 14.7 to 1, 14.7 parts air to 1 section fuel. The oxygen sensor
is made utilizing the dynamic synthetic, for example, zirconium, electrochemical (otherwise called Galvanic),
infrared, ultrasonic and in all respects as of late laser. At the point when a lean blend code is distinguished by
you or a professional the principal inclination is to supplant the oxygen sensor.

The most ideal approach to check the activity of the sensor is to run a straightforward test. Regardless of if
your Engines oxygen sensor has one wire or four there is just a single detecting wire that criticisms data to the
PC (PCM). To discover this wire you will require a vehicle fix manual. In the event that an inconvenience code
is available that relates to an oxygen radiator sensor disappointment, supplant the sensor to fix the issue. An
oxygen sensor must be warm before it will work legitimately.

https://usercontent1.hubstatic.com/12798892_f520.jpg

Oxygen Sensor - (appearances will differ)

Apparatuses expected to play out these tests: Voltmeter

Stage 1 - Once the oxygen sensor detecting wire has been found interface a volt meter to the input wire and
ground. Select the millivolt activity on the voltmeter.

Stage 2 - Next, begin and run the Engine out of gear until warm (around 15 minutes). Watch the voltmeter; it
should bob somewhat at whatever voltage the sensor is focused at (around 150 millivolts).
`
Stage 3 - Continue to watch the meter and have a partner rap the throttle. The meter should drop for a brief
moment as the blend inclines out in the primary milliseconds of the throttle bore being opened. At that point
rapidly ascend for a spit second as the throttle closes and the blend richens. The volt meter ought to balance
out at the first working voltage when the Engine comes back to sit.

Test procedures of suppression system

A fire suppression system is an engineered set of components that are designed to extinguish an accidental
fire, typically in a workplace but also potentially in a transport vehicle or other site of interest.
Fire suppression system dependably comprise of no less than one part intended to stifle a fire through the
utilization of an outside substance. Many fire suppression systems additionally comprise of Fire discovery
systems, just as flagging instruments intended to caution specialists to the issue and brief mindful people to
take further suppressive activities. The discovery of a Fire frequently naturally initiates the quenching part of
the system; in any case, some fire suppression systems require manual actuation.

http:// www.firesys.com.au/
rs/7/sites/846/ user_uploads/Image/
Vechicle%20Fire%20Supression%20System.jpg

 Automatic Fire Detection and Alarm System - A system comprising of components and sub-systems
required for automatically detecting a fire and initiating an automatic alarm.
 ‘Engine compartment’ means the compartment in which the engine is installed and / or in which a
combustion heater may be installed.
 Fault Signal - A distinctive audible and visual signal indicating occurrence of a fault within the FDAS /
FDSS system (for example, break in electric circuit, short circuit or fault in power supply, mechanical
damage in detector or elsewhere in system).
 Alarm Signal - A signal is an audio and visual signal initiated by a fire alarm-initiating device, such as a
manual fire alarm box, automatic fire detector, water flow switch, or on the other hand other gadget in
which actuation is characteristic of the nearness of a flame or flame signature.
`
 Flame location system type with the end goal of sort endorsement as a segment implies a classification
of systems which does not basically vary in the accompanying angles:
 Detection system;
 Detector;
 Triggering gadget at end of identifier;
 ECU.
 Warmth Detector - A warmth identifier is a sensor that faculties either anomalous high temperature or
rate of temperature rise, or both.
Task 04:
Evaluate the use of a vehicle self-diagnosis system

Introduction
Smart sensors perform self-analysis by observing inner signs for proof of deficiencies. While it is hard to
accomplish a sensor that can complete self-analysis of every single imaginable flaw that may emerge, usually
conceivable to make straightforward watches that recognize a considerable lot of the more typical
deficiencies. One case of self-finding in a sensor is estimating the sheath capacitance and obstruction in
protected thermocouples to recognize breakdown of the protection. As a rule, a particular code is created to
show each kind of conceivable shortcoming (e.g., a falling flat of protection in a gadget).

One trouble that regularly emerges in self-finding is in separating between typical estimation deviations and
sensor flaws. Some keen sensors beat this by putting away different estimated values around a set-point and
after that ascertaining least and greatest anticipated qualities for the deliberate amount.

https://ai2-s2-public.s3.amazonaws.com/figures/2017-0808/d94eb66fa5bc56332ec40e76001b8ce388b3f426/2-
Figure1-1.png

Signal plausibility checks in Vehicle

`

Signal plausibility checks in Vehicle

In a strategy for checking the believability of sensor flags, a first sensor component identifies no less than one
first physical amount and yields it as a first sensor flag, and a second sensor component distinguishes a second
physical amount related with the primary physical amount and yields it as a second sensor flag. The primary
sensor component has a first dependability extend having a maximum farthest point or potentially a lower
limit, which run is identified with the second physical amount. The main physical amount distinguished by the
principal sensor component is perceived as conceivable if the second physical amount recognized constantly
sensor component exists in the comparing first unwavering quality scope of the primary sensor component.
The technique for a credibility check of sensor signals as per the present innovation, and the strategy for
yielding a trigger flag as indicated by the present development and the gadget for yielding a trigger flag have
the preferred standpoint over the related craftsmanship that somewhere around one first sensor component
incorporates a something like one first unwavering quality range having a maximum point of confinement and
additionally a lower limit. Here, the something like one first dependability go is identified with a second
physical amount distinguished by a second sensor component.

Open and short circuit checks in Vehicle

As an essential piece of present day vehicles, wiring bridles containing a huge number of get together
segments associate different electronic systems, empowering them to cooperate. A solitary disappointment in
any bridle can influence the whole system. By the by, to suit the developing interest for in-vehicle gadgets, the
intricacy of car wiring bridles keeps on developing, expanding the need to identify broken or shorted wires
rapidly and effectively. Wire diagnostics are significant all through the whole existence of the vehicle.
Beginning with the establishment stage, diagnosing and fixing wiring issues can cause broad assembling
delays. Amid the operational stage, diagnosing and fixing wiring shortcomings can make delayed visits the
mechanics shop, adding noteworthy expenses to producers as guarantee fixes.
There are numerous ways that power is conveyed the vehicle electrical system, and a short out could without
much of a stretch intrude on the best possible progression of power in any of them. We can generally partition
the vehicle electrical system into sensor and actuator circuits. Sorts of sensors incorporate oxygen sensors,
light sensors, switches, speed sensors, and such. Actuators can be engines or lights, or comparative.

Processor operation and memory test routines in Vehicle

`
Programming based self-testing of implanted processor centers gives an amazing strategy to adjusting the
testing exertion for complex Systems-on-Chip (SoC) between moderate, economical outer analyzers and
installed code put away in memory centers. In this paper we propose an effective system for processor center
self-testing dependent on the learning of its guidance set design and register exchange level portrayal and we
exhibit it on a processor center benchmark. We likewise exhibit that our strategy is prevalent as far as test
advancement exertion and has fundamentally littler code size and memory prerequisites, while a similar flaw
inclusion is accomplished with a request of greatness littler test application time contrasted and an as of late
distributed basic system for processor center self-testing.
Each unpredictable System-on-Chip (SoC) for the most part incorporates various inserted processor centers
which might be either universally useful processors or unique reason processors for designs, sound/video
applications and so on, with upgraded DSP usefulness. Information and code for execution in the implanted
processors are put away in installed RAM or ROM centers. The multifaceted nature of SoC plans comprising of
profoundly installed centers with poor openness makes their testing procedure a troublesome errand.
Furthermore, in this manner improves time-to-advertise, while it likewise gives better Intellectual Property (IP)
assurance than traditional sweep based outside testing strategies.

Task 05: M3
Identify and repair faults on a vehicle microprocessor, Sensor/actuator and suppression
system.

Introduction
In spite of the fact that these Microprocessor make it increasingly troublesome for you to deal with your own
vehicle, some of them really make your vehicle simpler to support. Another advantage of having an
interchanges transport is that every module can convey issues to a focal module, which stores the issues and
can impart them to an off-board indicative apparatus.
This can make it simpler for experts to determine issues to have the vehicle, particularly irregular issues, which
are infamous for vanishing when you get the vehicle for fixes. These kinds of interchanges guidelines make it
much uncomplicated for carmakers to re-appropriate the structure and assembling of segments: The carmaker
doesn't need to stress over the subtleties of how each check or light is driven, and the provider who makes the
instrument board doesn't need to stress over where the signs are coming from.

Repair faults on a vehicle microprocessor Sensor/actuator

A microprocessor system for safety-
critical control operations includes
three central units which are located
jointly on one chip and execute the
same program. Further, there is
provision of read-only memories and
random-access memories, input and
output units, and comparators which
check the output signals of the central
units for correlation. The central units
are interconnected by system of bus
systems and bypasses which allow the
central units to jointly read and
perform the existing data and
`
commands according to the same program. The memory capacity of the read-only and the random-access
memories in total amounts to at least 200% compared to the memory required for a non-redundant system.
The memory locations are distributed among the three systems, for example, in a ratio of 100:50:50. The
central units are extended by redundant periphery components to provide two complete control signal circuits
and are interconnected so that, in case of a failure, the faulty central unit can be identified by a majority
decision, and a change-over to an emergency operation mode can take place.
http://www.chipsetc.com/uploads/1/2/4/4/1244189/6873681_1_orig.png
Repair faults on a vehicle Throttle position sensor

The throttle position sensor in your engine transmits data about the situation of your throttle to the electronic
control module or ECM. It comprises of mechanical parts which may wind up worn and require substitution. A
breaking down throttle position sensor will transfer awful information to your vehicle's PC and more often
than not result in poor mileage. Knowing the side effects of a blemished throttle position sensor can help you
rapidly analyze the issue and make required revisions.

https://i.ytimg.com/vi/P-ErwUnZQrA/maxresdefault.jpg

Symptoms of a Faulty Throttle Position Sensor

 An unexplainable kicking and twitching in the vehicle

 Sudden inert floods
 Sudden Engine slowing down with no evident reason
 Hesitation while quickening
 Sudden floods in speed while driving on the roadway
 Intermittently glimmering of check Engine light for no evident reason
 Difficulties in switching gears
 An uncommon drop in efficiency
`
How to Repair a Throttle Position Sensor
You can use a standard ohm meter to test a switch and combination type throttle position sensor and a volt
meter to test a throttle position sensor that uses a potentiometer. Check the resistance in various accelerator
pedal positions, record the resistance and compare against values listed as acceptable in a quality car repair
manuals such as Chilton or Haynes to determine whether or not the sensor needs to be replaced.

Identify and repair faults on a vehicle suppression system

Use of Inductor, Capacitors and filter works in interface suppression on a Vehicle

When a current flows in an inductor, magnetic lines of force are generated. When the magnetic lines of force
pass through a conductor, such as the copper foil in a PCB, eddy currents are generated in that part of the
conductor. That is, if there is an electrically conducting body near the inductor, problems may be caused by
eddy currents in the body. The eddy currents flow in a direction so as to cancel the magnetic lines of force,
and so the inductance is reduced, and the Q factor falls (losses are increased). Here, Q is one parameter
representing the amount of loss in an inductor, and a higher Q factor means lower losses. In addition, when
copper foil near an inductor is a signal line, eddy currents may cause noise to propagate in signals, with
possible adverse effects on the circuit operation.

http://www.akronex.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/tsk-savunma-sanayi-sondurme-sistemleri.jpg

 There is another issue to consider as well: an inductor is a component that generates heat.
`
 When a current flows in an inductor, heat is generated by the resistive component of the windings and
by other losses.
 When an inductor reaches a high temperature, its parts may be degraded, and it is well known that
when a ferrite core is used, if the Curie temperature is exceeded, the inductance will drop sharply.
 Current ratings and resistance values are indicated in the specifications as guidelines, and in actual
implementation, the problem of heat dissipation must be carefully considered.

Task: 06 (M3): Explain the difference between microcontroller and microprocessor

Operation of Microcontroller in Vehicle System

Microcontrollers (MCUs) convey imperative execution in an undeniably wide scope of car applications, from
engine control to infotainment systems and auto body control.
Their ubiquity is developing while cost affectability and union are expanding, implying that MCUs are seen
increasingly more as wares. Regardless of this commoditization pattern, architects of auto systems
comprehend that there are noteworthy contrasts between controllers, including fluctuating dimensions of
coordination and power necessities. The decision of a MCU can regularly lessen the Bill of Materials (BOM)
cost, which adequately brings down the cost of the electronic control unit (ECU) itself.
It is assessed that the present very
much prepared vehicle utilizes more
than 50 microcontroller units (MCUs).
As a result, in-vehicle networking has
created a quiet evolution in automotive
technology, resulting in the elimination
of unwieldy wiring harnesses once
used in control circuits.
Networking has made the advanced
technology features for 2010–2011
model vehicles possible, including
onboard communications systems,
control systems such as lane departure
warning systems, and (slippery) road-
condition advisories. https://westcoastecutuning.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/me97ecu_2_3.jpg

Operation of Microprocessor in Vehicle system

In spite of the fact that these Microprocessor make it increasingly

troublesome for you to deal with your own vehicle, some of them
really make your vehicle simpler to support. Another advantage of
having an interchanges transport is that every module can convey
issues to a focal module, which stores the issues and can impart them
to an off-board indicative apparatus.
This can make it simpler for experts to determine issues to have the
vehicle, particularly irregular issues, which are infamous for vanishing
when you get the vehicle for fixes. These kinds of interchanges
guidelines make it much uncomplicated for carmakers to re-
`
appropriate the structure and assembling of segments: The carmaker doesn't need to stress over the
subtleties of how each check or light is driven, and the provider who makes the instrument board doesn't
need to stress over where the signs are coming from.
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Microprocessor Microcontroller

10) Microprocessor is heart of Computer 10) Micro Controller is a heart of embedded

system. system.

11) It is just a processor. Memory and I/O 11) Micro controller has external processor
components have to be connected along with internal memory and i/O
externally components

12) Meanwhile memory and I/O has to be

12) Meanwhile memory and I/O are present
connected externally, the circuit becomes
internally, the circuit is small.
large.

13) Cannot be used in compact systems and 13) Can be used in compact systems and
henceforth inefficient hereafter it is an efficient technique

14) Cost of the entire system increases 14) Cost of the entire system is low

15) Due to external components, the entire 15) Meanwhile external components are
power consumption is high. Therefore it low, total power consumption is less
is not appropriate to use with devices and can be used with devices running on
running on stored power like batteries. stored power like batteries.

16) Most of the micro controllers have

16) Most of the microprocessors do not have power saving modes like idle mode and
power saving features. power saving mode. This helps to reduce
power consumption even further.

17) Microprocessor have less number of 17) Micro controller have more number of
registers, therefore more operations are registers, therefore the programs are
memory based. easier to write.

18) Microprocessors are constructed on von 18) Micro controllers are constructed on
`

Neumann model/architecture where

Harvard architecture where program
program and data are stored in same
memory and Data memory are separate
memory module

Task: 07 (D2)
Carry out the testing of O2 sensor in a systematic way in regard to its serviceability.

Introduction
The oxygen sensor, otherwise called a lambda sensor, was created in the late 1960s by Dr. Gunter Bauman for
the Robert Bosch GmbH organization. This sensor is an electronic gadget used to gauge the corresponding
measure of oxygen in a fluid or gas. The first oxygen sensor was made utilizing artistic covered zirconia and
platinum. So as to make the O2 sensor increasingly fit for large scale manufacturing, planar oxygen sensors
were created. Made utilizing layers of High-Temperature Cofired Ceramic (HTCC) green tapes, the present
style of the sensor is made more productive than the first style sensors.

All vehicles that were fabricated post-1980

element an oxygen sensor. It is situated
inside the emanations control system.
When working, the O2 sensor sends
information to the administration PC
situated inside the Engine. In your vehicle, a
working O2 sensor guarantees that your
Engine is running at top execution. Also, this
sensor holds your outflows within proper
limits and cautions you to when discharges
are excessively exorbitant. For states that
have vehicle assessment projects to manage
emanations, the utilization of the CEL and
O2 light will caution authorities to any
inordinate discharges. Thus, in the event
that at least one of your oxygen sensors is
flawed amid a discharges examination for
your vehicle, you will no doubt not pass the
assessment. http://www.autodiagnosticsandpublishing.com/feature/o2-sensor-testing_files/image001.jpg

The testing of O2 sensor in a systematic way

 To test your oxygen sensor, you can either abandon it joined to your vehicle or take it off for testing.
 Testing requires two devices: a high-impedance advanced voltmeter and a back test. A technician fix
has these vital and particular instruments for checking O2 sensors.
 The initial step to checking an O2 sensor is to find the encompassing wires to ensure they are
unblemished and without obvious indications of mileage.
`
 Next, the vehicle must be begun and permitted to keep running until the Engine achieves 600 degrees
F so to guarantee a precise perusing of the sensor.
 Using the back test and voltmeter, the oxygen sensor is estimated at a set number of focuses and
under specific conditions to decide any broken estimations.
 As the testing of an oxygen sensor requires particular preparing and devices, it is ideal to enable a
repairman to deal with this voltage-based testing.
The testing of O2 sensor in a systematic way in regard to its serviceability

1) The present mechanized Engine control systems depend on contributions from an assortment of
sensors to direct Engine execution, emanations and other significant capacities. The sensors must give
exact data generally drivability issues, expanded fuel utilization and emanation disappointments can
result.

2) One of the key sensors in this system is the oxygen sensor. It's frequently alluded to as the "O2" sensor
in light of the fact that O2 is the substance recipe for (oxygen molecules dependably travel in sets,
never alone).

3) The first O2 sensor was presented in 1976 on a Volvo 240. California vehicles got them next in 1980
when California's outflow rules required lower emanations. Government outflow laws made O2
sensors for all intents and purposes obligatory on all autos and light trucks worked since 1981. Also,
presently that OBD-II guidelines are here (1996 and more up to date vehicles), numerous vehicles are
currently outfitted with various O2 sensors, some upwards of four!

4) The O2 sensor is mounted in the ventilation system to screen how much unburned oxygen is in the
fumes as the fumes leaves the Engine. Observing oxygen levels in the fumes is a method for checking
the fuel blend. It tells the PC if the fuel blend is consuming rich (less oxygen) or lean (more oxygen).

5) A great deal of components can influence the relative lavishness or leanness of the fuel blend,
including air temperature, Engine coolant temperature, barometric weight, throttle position, wind
stream and Engine burden. There are different sensors to screen these variables, as well, however the
O2 sensor is the ace screen for what's going on with the fuel blend. Subsequently, any issues with the
O2 sensor can toss the entire system crooked.

The testing of O2 sensor in Physical inspection, Power, Signal, ground, checking on

multimeter

 The O2 sensor works like a smaller than normal generator and produces its own voltage when it gets
hot. Inside the vented spread on the finish of the sensor that screws into the ventilation system is a
zirconium artistic knob. The knob is covered outwardly with a permeable layer of platinum. Inside the
globule are two segments of platinum that fill in as cathodes or contacts.

 An oxygen sensor will ordinarily produce up to about 0.9 volts when the fuel blend is rich and there is
little unburned oxygen in the fumes. At the point when the blend is lean, the sensor's yield voltage will
drop down to about 0.1 volts. At the point when the air/fuel blend is adjusted or at the harmony
purpose of about 14.7 to 1, the sensor will peruse around 0.45 volts.
`
 The oxygen sensor must be hot (around 600 degrees or higher) before it will begin to produce a
voltage signal, such huge numbers of oxygen sensors have a little warming component inside to enable
them to achieve working temperature all the more rapidly. The warming component can likewise keep
the sensor from chilling a lot amid delayed inactive, which would make the system return to open
circle.

Connect OBD tools, find out DTC code and trouble shoot this Coad if necessary

The OBD II system is intended to screen the discharges execution of the Engine. This incorporates watching
out for whatever may make emanations increment. The OBD II system looks at the oxygen level readings of
the O2 sensors when the converter to check whether the converter is decreasing the contaminations in the
fumes. In the event that it sees practically no adjustment in oxygen level readings, it implies the converter isn't
working appropriately. This will cause the Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) to come on.

O2 sensors are incredibly rough considering the working condition they live in. Be that as it may, O2 sensors
do wear out and inevitably must be supplanted. The presentation of the O2 sensor will in general lessen with
age as contaminants aggregate on the sensor tip and bit by bit diminish its capacity to deliver voltage. This sort
of crumbling can be brought about by an assortment of substances that discover their way into the fumes, for
example, lead, silicone, sulfur, oil fiery debris and even some fuel added substances. The sensor can likewise
be harmed by natural factors, for example, water, and sprinkle from street salt, oil and earth.

http://www.walkerproducts.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/o2_symptoms.png

The impact is increasingly observable on Engines with multiport fuel infusion (MFI) than electronic carburetion
or throttle body infusion in light of the fact that the fuel proportion changes significantly more quickly on MFI
applications. In the event that the sensor bites the dust out and out, the outcome can be a fixed, rich fuel
blend. Default on most fuel infused applications is mid-extend following three minutes. This causes a major
bounce in fuel utilization just as emanations. What's more, if the converter overheats as a result of the rich
blend, it might endure harm. One EPA think about found that 70% of the vehicles that fizzled an I/M 240
outflows test required another O2 sensor.
`
A decent O2 sensor should create a swaying waveform out of gear that makes voltage advances from close
least (0.1 v) to close greatest (0.9v). Making the fuel blend misleadingly rich by bolstering propane into the
admission complex should make the sensor react very quickly (inside 100 milliseconds) and go to greatest
(0.9v) yield. Making a lean blend by opening a vacuum line should make the sensor's yield drop to its base
(0.1v) esteem. On the off chance that the sensor doesn't flip-flop forward and backward rapidly enough, it
might demonstrate a requirement for substitution.

Task: 08 (D3)
Trouble shoot the Code P0607 (Control module performance) and explain
1) Why does code generated (detecting condition)
2) Trouble area
Refer Maruti Suzuki (New Swift) Vehicle

Why does code generated (detecting condition)?

The Engine control module (ECM) is only one of numerous PC

systems in your vehicle. Some of them are committed to some
quite essential things, similar to control windows. The ECM and
other drivetrain and powertrain PCs are what keep your Engine
and transmission running easily, for example, the transmission
control module (TCM), exchange case control module (TCCM),
electronic throttle control system (ETCS), and non-freezing
stopping mechanism (ABS), to give some examples.

The ECM is practically similar to the PC on which you're

perusing this article, regardless of whether it be a workstation,
work area, tablet, even cell phone, yet with two or three
contrasts. A vehicle ECM is a devoted machine, explicitly
intended for a solitary vehicle application. The equipment
divide comprises of microchips and memory chips, which
screen contributions to continually incite yields. The product,
likewise, is additionally unmistakable, maybe appropriate to a
particular model, Engine, transmission, and body style.
Generally, the product is introduced at the industrial facility,
however present day ECM's might be programmable at the
business, utilizing a plant examine apparatus.
https://cimg0.ibsrv.net/gimg/www.clublexus.comvbulletin/
2000x1504/7d0e1be0_792a_41ff_96c8_36f93a1a52f2_6ea20bd4234bc8cd87f49a8184597d7541549386.jpeg

The ECM continually screens itself and different controllers on the system. On the off chance that it
experiences an inner shortcoming, for example, memory misfortune or defilement, it will set an analytic
inconvenience code (DTC) in memory. One basic flaw is DTC P0607 – Control Module Performance.

Trouble Code Fault Location Probable Cause

`

P0607 Control module -performance problem Control module

Trouble area
DTC P0607 may have number of causes. Here are some of the most common.

ECM Fault – Water opening, physical harm, or imperfect hardware can make an ECM fall flat. Crash or poor fix
rehearses are regular causes. Water interruption and consumption can cause inside short out issues.
Poor Reprogramming – At a seller administration focus, ECM writing computer programs is normal, as
programming updates might be discharged to address a specific glitch. At the point when this is done, explicit
advances are important to put the ECM into the best possible mode for reflashing and to keep the vehicle
electrical framework at the best possible voltage. Poor preparation, improper equipment use, or even a power
outage could cause a reflash failure, which may go unnoticed.
Electrical System Fault – Anything that intrudes on the ECM electrical circuit can cause this issue. A dead
battery, feeble alternator, slipping drive belts, and eroded or free battery links are basic causes. Winter
pummels electrical frameworks, and a powerless battery will most likely go lower than what the ECM can use
to run. Some ECMs are located where they can easily be wet or someone may not have replaced a critical
cover preventing water intrusion. Look for out-of-place covers and misrouted wire harnesses, which might fact
you near the fault.
`

https://www.obd-codes.com/images/pcm.jpg

What are the symptoms of code P0607?

Conditional on failure mode, this DTC could or may not be indicated by the MIL (malfunction indicator lamp).
Engine starting may be deactivated. If the engine runs, you may experience drivability problems ranging from
poor fuel economy and performance to severe engine performance problems, such as misfiring or stalling.

How do you troubleshoot code P0607?

 ECM Check – Generally, the first step you should take is to look at the freeze frame data accompanying
the DTC, to see if there are any specific factors that may have been related to the fault. Clear DTCs and
turn the ignition off for thirty seconds. Endeavor to begin the motor, leaving the key in the "On"
position.
 If the DTC does not return, think of it as an accident, however continue with "Electrical Check" to
ensure there are no issues there.
 If the DTC returns, suspect ECM or programming disappointment. Prior to censuring the ECM, affirm
the electrical framework is working appropriately.
 Electrical Check – Proper ECM activity is exceedingly reliant on a sound electrical framework, including
alternator work, framework voltage, and great electrical associations. Excessive draw or starting
problems may also cause problems.
 System Voltage – Battery voltage should be a minimum of 12.6 V. Load testing voltage shouldn’t drop
below 10.5 V. Cranking voltage would never drop below 11 V, the threshold for many ECMs to function
accurately. Idling voltage should be between 13.2 V and 14.5 V, depending on vehicle and electrical
system load. If you find any voltage problems, such as in the battery, alternator, drive belts, or starting
system, repair as necessary.
`
 Unnecessary Resistance – Wire harness and electrical connection excellence have a direct bearing on
system voltage. Inspect battery clamps for tightness (good) and corrosion (bad). Investigate
connectors, especially those in the primary circuit square, wires, transfers, and ECM for erosion or
proof of water interruption. Fix as essential.
 If DTC P0607 returns in the wake of affirming the electrical framework is working appropriately, make a
visit to a vendor administration focus. A few ECMs can be reflated or reconstructed. There might be a
product update – some TSBs (specialized administration releases) address this DTC – or a reflash may
fix a memory debasement or past programming blunder. If updates or reflates are unavailable or fail to
fix the issue, the ECM may have a hardware fault, requiring replacement.

http://beldam.eu/image/cache/data/programmers/Galletto/fgtech-galletto-4-master-connection-1-500x500.jpg
Codes Related to P0607
P0602 Control Module Programming Error
P0603 Internal Control Module Keep Alive Memory (KAM) Error
P0604 Internal Control Module Random Access Memory (RAM) Error
P0605 Internal Control Module Read Only Memory (ROM) Error
P0606 ECM/PCM Processor
`
https://www.obdautodoctor.com/img/xhow-obd2-works.png.pagespeed.ic.6QgBIE2CJz.png

How to Check the Code P0607 (Control module performance)

 To analyze this error code, professionals use OBD-II inconvenience scanner. Similarly as with other
inconvenience codes, they observe the stop casing to decide related issues or hints about the code.

 At that point, the code will at that point be reset and the vehicle will be restarted to check whether the
code returns. In the event that the code doesn't return that implies the PCM is working appropriately.

 The specialist obviously, still needs to check the electrical arrangement of the PCM to ensure
everything is working.

 On the off chance that the code returns after the reset, the expert will direct an assessment on the
electrical arrangement of the PCM. This incorporates the battery or the alternator; they'll be verified
whether they're giving legitimate electrical capacity to the PCM.

 On the off chance that both the battery and alternator are working appropriately, the expert will check
the PCM itself to see whether it's been harmed by water causing consumption into the connectors, or
if there are inappropriately switch wire tackle or any poor associations.

 The specialist will lead the fundamental fix and even update the product of the PCM.

How to Fix the Code P0607 (Control module performance)

 Resetting of the inconvenience codes

 Reprogramming or refreshing the PCM programming
 Replacing battery or its links
 Repairing or supplanting alternator
 Replacing PCM electronic framework
 Rerouting PCM wire tackle
 Replacing the entire PCM

Seriousness for this code differs altogether on the off chance that to case premise. There are times when the
issue was really an accident, and there are entirely issues in either the PCM or the vehicle. Even from a
pessimistic standpoint, this implies the PCM is failing or the battery is kicking the bucket. Since the PCM is in
charge of numerous segments of the vehicle, particularly the motor and the transmission, having this blunder
code may mean you can't drive the vehicle.
`
Conclusion:

As a vehicle proprietor there is anything but a mess you can do yourself to analyze this DTC. The principal
thing to check is the battery, check the voltage, assess for free/eroded terminals, and so on. Complete a heap
test on it as well. Likewise assess the grounds/wiring at the PCM. On the off chance that that is great the other
basic fixes for a P0607 Control Module Performance DTC appear to be either supplant the PCM or update (re-
streak) the PCM with refreshed programming.
Make assured to check for TSB's on your vehicle (Technical Service Bulletins) as there are known TSB's for this
P0607 code for some Toyota and Ford vehicles. On the off chance that the PCM needs substitution, we firmly
prescribe you have a certified auto shop/specialist take the necessary steps, one that has the capacity to
reconstruct the new PCM. Introducing the new PCM may include utilizing unique apparatuses to program the
vehicle's VIN (vehicle recognizable proof number) or potentially hostile to burglary data (PATS, and so on.).

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REFERENCES
 Class notes, PPT and PDF
 Discuss with Sir, Mam and Class mates.

BOOKS
 Hand-outs of notes that have been given in the class.
 Automobile Engineering Vol - 01 & 02 Dr. Kripal Singh
 XI FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS By R.D.SUPEKAR

THANK YOU.