VEHICLE FAULT DETECTION SYSTEM
N.HRUDAY M.RANGASWAMY
Student, ECE Student ,ECE
VEL TECH UNIVERSITY VEL TECH UNIVERSITY
CHENNAI, INDIA CHENNAI, INDIA
vtu11327@veltech.edu.in vtu14665@veltech.edu.in
Abstract—This project proposes automatic fault identification
and alerting system to improve the reliability of vehicle. In
general, due to its less reliable nature, they are not being
deployed in populated areas. The low reliability in vehicles is
due to the high failure rates in the operations. Most of these
failures can be avoided if the operator is alerted in time about
the faults in the vehicle. The proposed system will identify
faults in vehicles and alert the operator, wherein he can take
the required action to avoid the damage to the vehicle. The
system fetches the real- time parameters of the vehicle and
gets a sense of equipments using external detecting sensors.
These parameters are analyzed by the processing arduino nano
microcontroller. The parameters displayed in a web application
where the live status of the vehicle can be monitored and all
the parameters are stored in a database for future analysis. An
alert is sent to the operator on the web application in case of
any damage or early signs of faults detected by the algorithm.
Index Terms—fault detection system(fds),arduino nano micro-
controller,real time parameters
I. I NTRODUCTION
Faults occur in vehicles or automobiles very often than
not. This can be due to several reasons. Faults can range
from simple to complex problems such as radiator leakage
or overheating, tyre pressure problems etc. to gearbox prob-
lem, electrical, clutch, turbo, brakes, alternator, cylinder head
gasket, air-conditioner condenser problems, etc. The ability to
detect and isolate these faults in complex technical systems
such automobile is important in order to fulfil dependability
requirements . Fault detection and isolation in automobiles
is very important because it helps to maintain high vehicle
operational efficiency, low exhaust emissions, high vehicle
uptime, fuel consumption reduction or fuel economy, high
vehicle safety and it guarantees efficient repair. These factors
are very important because they help to reduce overall life-
cycle cost of a vehicle. Computer system can interface with
other hardware devices such as Analog-to-digital Converter
(ADC), sensors, etc, to detect and isolate faults but the
software is very important so that the detected faults can be
converted from analog to digital format and be displayed as
information. This information can also be conveyed to the
auto mechanics digitally online as email or sms alerts via
mobile phones. According to , complex technical systems
aimed at commercial use are often designed for low cost
and high functionality, and not primarily to facilitate FDI.
In particular, this means that there are few sensors and
B.TARUN KUMAR REDDY
Student ,ECE
VEL TECH UNIVERSITY
CHENNAI, INDIA
vtu14728@veltech.edu.in
foremost a limited amount of hardware redundancy in the
form of multiple sensors measuring the same quantity. To
achieve good performance, and at the same time minimize the
need for expensive redundant hardware, model-based FDI is
often adopted. A model-based FDI-system typically comprises
fault detection by means of the two essential steps; residual
generation and residual evaluation. In the first step, a model
of the system is used together with measurements to generate
residuals, i.e. signals that indicate whether there is a fault
in the system or not. In the second step, the residuals are
evaluated with the aim to reliably detect changes in the residual
behaviour and make a decision whether the change is caused
by faults in the system and immediately send the analog
signal to the Analog Digital Converter who further converts
it to digital signal and send it to the computer system which
display the various fault detected in the automotive device. The
inherent properties of complex real-world systems in general
and automotive systems in particular, pose several difficulties
and challenges when it comes to design of model-based FDI-
system.
.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
[1] From ”An intelligent diagnostic tool for electronically
controlled diesel engine” , Junxi Wang et al.,Shanghai. It is
observed that a diagnostic tool was designed and developed
based on KWP2000.It implemented physical connection
and translation between personal computer and electronic
control unit(ECU).The software and hardware were chosen
for after sales service aftermarket characteristic. The tool
has been successfully used in high pressure common rail
electronically controlled diesel engine. The diagnostic tool
software implemented GSS function and fundamental function
module with six intelligent tests and four functions. The
tests showed that the diagnostic tool could perform accurate
and quick data communication, online DTC management
etc. It significantly improved the efficiency and convenience
of diagnosis, and shortened the diagnosis and maintenance
period.
[2] ”A new strategy for automotive off-board diagnosis
based on a meta heuristic engine” , A.Azarian,France. It
is observed that there is a lack of solutions for accurately,
comprehensively and efficient fault localization. Model based
diagnostics are very accurate but time and labor demanding
and therefore too expensive to be comprehensively applied
in workshops. The different subsystems are more and more
interconnected so that they can share information therefore a
higher risk of multiple faults.
[3]From ”Simultaneous-fault-detection based on a
qualitative symptom descriptions for automotive engine
diagnosis”, Chi Man Vong,Macao. It is observed that a modern
automotive engine consists of complex electromechanical
components. Possible malfunction may occur on different
engine components which is not easy to detect. In this
paper a fuzzy framework of simultaneous fault diagnosis
is introduced. Signal based diagnostics is the most popular
method because it is suitable for laboratories and the
development of automotive scan tools, engine condition
monitoring and off-board diagnostic systems. The decision
tree approach by Gelgele and Wang makes diagnosis through
a sequence of questions and answers.
[4] From ” Sensor fault diagnosis for automotive engines
with real data evaluation” , M.S.Sangha,UK. it is observed
that a new fault diagnosis method using an adaptive neural
network for automotive engines is developed. Real engine
data of five sensors is acquired from one-litre Volkswagen
car engine test bed under different operating states, on which
ten faults re superimposed. The RBF network with its width
and weights on-line adapted is used in this search to classify
sensor faults. The sensor faults as small as 2percent are
clearly detected and isolated for different data sets.
with advanced driver assistance system (ADAS). The ADASs
are outfitted with sensors for acquiring various information
about the vehicle and its surroundings. The sensors are sensi-
tive to faults. The FDI system is comprised of three parts:
a detection part, a decision part, and a fault management
part. The detection part applies a generalized observer scheme
(GOS). In the GOS, there is bank of extended Kalman filters
(EKFs), each excited by all except one sensor measurement.
The residual generated from the measurement update of each
EKF is therefore sensitive to all sensor faults but one. This
way, the fault sensitivity pattern of the residual makes it
possible to detect a fault and locate the faulty sensor. devel-
oped a sensor and process fault detection system to detect
wrong suspension for vehicle tyre pressures using Hitachi
SH7055 microcontroller. The design included fault detection
algorithms which are proven using real measurements of tyre
pressures. Moavenian proposed and designed a mechanism
for investigating, identifying and determining the position and
size of defects in the vehicle power transmission system. This
system is based on the patterns of the residual signal, obtained
from a simulated model of the system using Neuro-fuzzy
networks.

[5]From ”Sparse Bayesian extreme learning committee ma-

chine for engine simultaneous fault diagnosis”, Pak Kin Wong,
Macau. It is observed that because of the complex structure
and running conditions of the engine, vehicle failure is usually
caused by the occurrence of engine fault. The engine fault
diagnosis faces problems because of thee existence of simul-
taneous faults which are multiple single-faults. Engine fault
diagnosis is mainly classified into Model based, Knowledge
based and Data driven. The research paper proposes a frame-
work based on data driven methods which rely on signal based Fig. 1. The program flowchart design
analysis techniques.
III. PROJECT DESCRIPTION B. Proposed System:
A. Existing System:

The design of model-based Fault Detection and Isolation

(FDI) systems. The developed methods are aimed at sup-
porting an automated design methodology so that there is
a minimum human interaction. By means of an automated
design methodology the overall design process was meant to
be more efficient and systematic, which also contributes to
higher quality. These aspects are of particular importance in
an industrial context. Designed a fault detection and isolation Fig. 2.
(FDI) system for an intelligent vehicle; a vehicle equipped
 IV. METHOLOGIES
A. Module 1:
1) Step 1:Collection of Data by using Microcontroller:
The parameter data of the vehicle is collected by using
microcontroller Arduino Nano and the sensed data where
send to NodeMCU via I2C communication.
2) Step2:Sending the Data to Cloud: The Data from
Arduino Nano is send to the firebase dataset via internet and
the auth key is used to send the data from nodeMCU to cloud
server.
B. Module 2:
1) Step1:Create a web Based Application: A web Based
Applications is created by using flask technology which
has developed with HTML,CSS,Jquery in VS code,python
IDLEtool.
2) Step2:Fetching Data from cloud: The Data is fetched
from firebase database to live monitor the parameter data’s.
V. RESULTS
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
VI. CONCLUSION
The vehicle fault detection software was developed, tested
and implemented successfully according to the specification
of the system model. This software was designed to have
five forms which interact with the users in every possible
way to display faults that has been detected by the FDI. The
computer system is able to understand digital signal coming
from the ADC and manipulate the signal and translate them
to high level language. Every activity of faults concerning
the vehicle can be tracked and also be generated by the log
form for observation and decision making. After development
of the system, maintenance is required to be carried out to
increase and maintain the working efficiency of the software
as described in the system implementation. Every activity
begins with the starting up of the vehicle because that ignites
the battery and send power to the system, so an individual just
need to press the on button of the system . The design and
implementation of this automated software became necessary
because the manual diagnosis method is inefficient. By using
Firebase database the data’s are stored and users can monitor
the faults in their device. .
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