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)(em .vet cdc thudc tinh do ludng tdm ly ciia Thang do hdnh vi thich ifng
VINELAND II dita tren ke't qud ddnh gid 80 tie trong cdc trudng Mdm non tgi Hd
Ngi, Ihdng qua mdu phdng vd'n bdn cd'u triic ddnh cho phu huynh. Ke't qud ddnh gid
tren nghiem the nghien cim cho thdy di) hieu life ciia thang do la khd td't, 5 linh vite
duge do ludng phdn dnh duge ea bdn cdc mat ciia sit phdt trien tdm ly d tie vd cd the
giiip xdc dinh dugc cdc vdn de chdm phdt trien. Tuy nhien, thudc tinh ndy cdn ditgc
nghien citu sdu han. Do tin cdy ciia cdc thang do cho cdc ITnh vitc vd cdc tieu ITnh vU
la rdt td't. Cdn quan tdm de'n mdt sd vd'n de ve vdn hda. Cd the sd dung thang do ndy
de ddnh gid sUphdt trien tdm ly eiia tre trong nghien citu vd ldm sdng.
Vide sfi dung cdc trdc nghidm, thang do trong qua trinh theo doi, ddnh
gia mfic dp phat triln tam ly cua tre trong nghidn cfiu va lam sang la rdt pho
bid'n. Hidn nay, cd nhilu cdng cu danh gia dupe sfi dung rpng rai nhu: Test
Denver, Coner CBRS (Coner behavior rating scale). Battle. Vineland... Mdi
cdng cu do cd nhfing dilm manh va han chd' ridng. Tiiy thugc vdo uu diem, hgn
che ciia cdc thang do vd van de cdn ddnh gid md cdc chuyen gia cd the lua
chgn mdt thang do thich hop trong sd iddeu thang do khac nhau. Trong qud
trinh su dung cdc cdng cu ddnh gid, viec xem .xet Igi cdc thugc titdi do ludng
tdm Iy (Psychometric properties) ciia cdc thang do cdn duac quan tdm thich
ddng di cd ca sd dua ra cdc khuyen cdo cho viec sit dung thang do mdt cdch
hieu qud, gidp cho viec chinh sua, dieu chinh, bo sung thang do vd tien ich han.
Tai Viet Nam, vide sfi dung cac cdng cu dl danh gia sfi phat triln tdm ly
cua tre da bdt ddu dupe quan tdm nhung chua thuc sfi phd bid'n trong nghidn
cfiu va thuc hdnh tam ly hpc. Cung vl vay, cac nghidn cfiu di danh gia cac cdng
cu cdn rdt ft dupe tie'n hanh. Vide nghidn cfiu, danh gia cac cdng cu cdn dupe
TAPCHfTAMLyHOC,Sdl(154), 1 2012 57
ciia thang do. Dfi lidu phdng vdn dupe xfi ly bdng phdn mim xfi 1^ kd't qua cua
Vineland II dupe cung cdp kem theo thang do.
Nhu vay cac kd't qua ciia Vineland II duac phan tfch chua phdi la kd't qua
tren mdu chudn ciia tri Vidt Nam, md chi Id ke't qud bude ddu thu duac tit mdu
nhd tre cd tdntng dd'u hieu chdm phdt trim tdm Iy. Tuy vdy, viic phdn tich cdc
ket qud ndy cd the dem Igi nhitng ke't ludn ban ddu rd't cd y nghTa ve cdc thudc
tinh do ludng tdm ly ciia thang do, tgo ca sd cho viec sd diing thang do trong
thuc hdnh vd nghien citu .sdu hon hodc chudn h()a trac nghiem ndy tgi nUdc ta.
Chi sd hanh vi thfch fing ting hpp cho thdy, mfic dd phat triln ciia tre
tham gia nghidn cfiu d mfic dd thdp (thdp ban 1,5 dd Ideh chudn) so vdi mfic dd
phat triln binh thudng. Dilm sd trung binh ciia cac linh vuc giao tid'p, xa hdi
hda diu thdp ban dilm chudn ft nhdt la mdt dd Ideh chudn. Cac hanh vi thudc
cac linh vuc giao tid'p va xa hdi hda thudng bdc Id ro va dd dang quan sat thdy
trong cudc sdng thudng ngdy cua tre. Chfnh vl vay, giao vidn khi lam vide vdi
tre trong thdi gian dai diu cd thi nhan bid't sfi thid'u hut hoac khd khan lidn
quan dd'n eae hanh vi nay. Dilu nay dupe phan dnh trong sir quan ngai cua giao
vidn vl nhfing vdn di tam ly ma tre gap phai va gidi thfch ly do cac tre nay cd
tdn trong danh sach nhutig tre cd cac ddu hidu vl tam ly cdn quan tam. Nhu
vay, cd su phii hap gida ke't qud cda thang do vdi ke't qud quan sdt ciia gido
vien ve suphdt trien tdm Iy cda tre. Su tuang ddng ndy cho thd'y, thang do cd do
hieu luc nhd't dinh mgc dd chua cd ddy du ca sade khdng dinh mite do hieu luc
cua thang do.
2.2. Do hieu luc (vcng nghiem) cua thang do
Do khdng ed dilu kidn sfi dung cac thang do khac dl so sanh, ddi chidu
va tfnh hd sd tuang quan gifia cac kd't qua trdn cung mdu khach thi nhdm xdc
djnh dp hidu luc dd'i chidu (Concurrent validity), dl xac dinh dd hidu luc cua
thang do Vineland II, chung tdi tap trung phan tfch dd hidu luc cua thang do
nay trdn cac ca sd sau:
- Dd hidu luc cdu triic (Construct validity): Dupe hilu la mfic dd phu hop
vl mat cdu true cua thang do vdi cdu true cua hidn tupng tdm ly cdn do hoac su
tuang quan gifia cdc thudc tinh cua mdt hidn tupng tdm ly nhu la mdt hd thdng.
Trong trudng hop nay, dd hidu luc cdu true cua thang do cd thi xac dinh bdng
each so sanh cdu true cdc linh vuc phat triln cdn do (giao tid'p, xa hdi-hda, ky
nang van ddng, ky nang fing xfi, cdc hanh vi kem thich fing) dupe di xudt bdi
Bdng 2: Do tin cdy cua cdc tieu thang do thugc ITnh vitc giao tie'p
Bdng 3: Do tin cdy ciia cdc tieu thang do thugc ITnh vitc sinh hogt
Tuang tu kd't qua cua cdc thang do cho cac tilu linh vuc giao tid'p, cac
thang do tilu linh vuc sinh boat cd nhdn, sinh boat gia dinh va sinh boat cpng
ddng diu cho he sd Cronbach a rdt tdt. Dilm khde bidt la cac hd sd thupc cac
linh vuc nay tuong ddi ddng diu, khdng cd su khac bidt ldn.
Bdng 5: Dtp tin cdy ciia cdc tieu thang do thudc ITnh vifc vein ddng
Bdng 6: Do tin cdy cua cdc thang do cho cdc ITidi vuc
Thang do ke't hap cda tdng ITnh vuc cd he sd rdt td't, deu tren 0,9. He sd
chung cua todn thang do cao nhd't so cdc he sd theo titng ITnh vUc. Nhu vdy,
thang do cd do tin cdy td't.