Công cụ thủ công truyền thống đánh bắt thủy hải sản

CHUONG III
NUOI TRONG THUY SAN
1. Udm, tha va nuoi tom ea niidc ng9t

Cac cu xfla da day: "Thfl nha't canh tri, thfl nhi ga bac"
(thfl nha't la nudi ca, thfl hai la danh bac).
Ninh Binh cd nhieu ao, hd dam. Ben canh viee danh bat
eac san pham thuy san tfl nhien, ngfldi Ninh Binh cdn tha ca,
nudi ea de tfl cai thien va nang eao mflc sinh boat hang ngay
cua gia dinh.
O vung ddng chiem trung Nho Quan, Gia Viin nha't la
huyen bien Kim Sdn h i u nhfl nha nao cung cd ao. Vung sau
nhfl Cdn Thoi, Kim Tan, Kim Mi cd nha hai ba cai ao. Ao fldm
ea hot, nudi ea gid'ng, ao tha ca thit. Ngay nhfl d Hoa Lfl tha ca,
nudi ca cung da cd tfl lau. Trong dan gian lflu truyen d vung
Hoa Lfl cung da ed cau: "Ngdng Phong Hoa, ga Cam Gia, ca
Lien Thanh". Lien Thanh nay thudc xa Ninh Mi^huyen Hoa
Lfl la ndi nudi tha nhieu ca tram, chep me trdi... bay gid d
Lien Thanh van cdn gifl dfldc phong trao tha ca nudi ca.
Ngfldi Ninh Binh ed ba hinh thflc nudi tha ea:
1- Udm ea gid'ng: d Thfldng Kiem, Lflu PhUdng, Cdn Thoi,
Kim Tan - Kim Sdn - Khanh Nhac, Khanh Mau, Khanh Thanh -
Yen Khanh - trai ca gid'ng hd Chudng (Yen Thing, Yen Md)...
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Mai Dfle Hanh - Dd Thj Bay
Udm ca gid'ng la cdng viec ddi hdi ki thuat, kinh nghiem va

sfl can trong trong cae giai doan gan ao, sfla ao, xfl li ao den
got ca bdt, gd ca hfldng, fldm ca gid'ng; danh bit, chuyen, giao
ban dam bao ea khoe khdng benh. Ca gid'ng la ca du tudi cd
the tfl kiem an (con ea dai it nha't tfl 3,5 cm trd len).
2- Tha va nudi ca: Tfl nhflng nam 85 cua the ki XX trd ve
trflde, ngfldi dan Ninh Binh thfldng ehi ndi la tha cl ma it
ngfldi ndi den nudi ca. Bdi le, nha cd ao mua ea gidng (eua
ngfldi budn ea gid'ng rao ban doc dfldng) - ehu yeu la ca me va
ca trdi trang, ca rdi sau nay cd them ca chep - dd xud'ng ao.
Khi nao ca ldn, ca to thi danh bat len an.
3- Tfl nhflng nam 90 trd lai day, khai niem nudi mdi thflc
sfl cd trong tiem thflc cua ngfldi dan nha't la khi thi trfldng tdm
ca xua't hien hang loat cae gid'ng tdm ca mdi nhfl t r i m cd, me
hoa, chep Nhat, ea chep lai ba mlu, trdi An Do, trdi Digan, rd
phi hdng, ca chim trang, tdm cang xanh... nang sua't cao.
Phong trao nudi ca ldng d Gia Vien, Nho Quan.
Gan day phong trao chuyen ddi rudng trflng sang md hinh
canh ddng 50 trieu/ha/nam (Lfla - Ca) d Nho Quan, Gia Vien,
Khanh Thuy, Khanh Thanh (Yen Khanh), Yen Thing (Yen Md)
nudi tdm cang xanh, nudi ca rd phi ddn tinh, ca chim tring...
Tdng dien tich nudi trdng thuy san nam 2003 la 4800 ha
trong dd cd 3245 ha nudi trong ao bd nang sua't trung binh
dat 1,5 den 2 ta'n/ha va hang ngan ldng ca eua Nho Quan,
Gia Vien, 1555ha dien tich rudng trung va thung dao ven de
sdng (700ha la rudng trung)... cho san Ifldng 10.407 tan (Id
mam la 7818 ta'n).
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Cdng cu thu cdng truyen thdng danh bit thuy hai san...
Nudi ca d Ninh Binh chfla thflc sfl thanh nghe. Chu yeu
ngfldi Ninh Binh ebon hinh thflc tha ca va td chflc ban nudi
cd tinh cha't "tfl cung tfl cap" giai quyet trong gia dinh hoac
pham vi hep vung mien. Nhflng nam d i u eua TK XXI, nudi
tdm ca nflde ngot bfldc d i u chuyen dich tdi hfldng chuyen
canh va ban chuyen canh theo md hinh lfla - ea md ra hfldng
di mdi cho kinh te ndng nghiep cua tinh.
2. Nuoi t o m , c u a d v u n g b a i bien niide loi m a m Con

Thoi - B i n h Minh, Kim Sdn
Bd bien ciia Ninh Binh khdng dai (16,5km theo dfldng tfl
nhien, 8km theo dfldng chim bay). Bien Cdn Thoi la bien phu
sa bdi lang. Mdi nam vung bai cd the tien ra bien tfl 80 den
100 met. Vung nudi tdm va eua d day cd hai khu vflc: khu vflc
ngoai de bao va khu vflc trong de bao (cua Binh Minh 2 la
2000 ha, Binh Minh 1 la 2000ha).
Day la dieu kien tfl nhien rat thuan ldi cho viec nudi tdm
va cua be cd gia tri kinh te cao.
Hinh thflc nudi tdm va cua d vung bai nay la hinh thflc
khai thac ngudn gid'ng va nudi tha tfl nhien va san xua't con
gid'ng, nudi theo phfldng phap chen canh (tdm sfl, tdm he chan
tring, tdm rao va eua be) bing hinh thflc quang canh.
a) Nuoi tom - cua bdng hinh thdc khai thdc nguon

gidng tu nhien d khu vUc ngodi de bao: -' •
- Khu vflc ngoai de bao chay dai ven chan de Binh Minh
2 tfl ciia Day de'n efla Can. Dieu kien nudi trdng hoan toan
phu thudc vao thien nhien. Theo chieu dai cua de ngfldi ta
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Mai Dfle Hanh - D6 Thj Bay
chia ra thanh d (cd chieu rdng 40 de'n 50 met dai 60 de'n 70

met) mot hang, ed chd hai hang ra phia bien va td chflc da'u
thiu theo thdi ban 5 nam, mfldi. Cac d nhfl vay ngfldi ta goi
la dim. Cac chu thIu tfl td chflc dap bd chung quanh, xay lap
cdng de lay, thoat nflde cua d i m .
Dim tdm, dim cua ra ddi nhfl the. Thang 2, thang 3 (AL)
nflde to, md cd'ng la'y nflde day dim. Nflde mang theo trflng
tdm, trflng cua, tdm eon, eua eon. Phfl sa ling, trflng tdm,
cua dong lai, trflng tdm, cua nd thanh tdm con, cua con. Cho
tdm va cua an mdi. Mdi cua tdm la cam tdng hdp tfl che tfl
cam gao, cam ngd, tep ca khd nhflng san pham phu ciia ddi
rflng va cua sdng bien, mdi cua cua la cam, ca, con r a t \
Thang 5, thang 6 (AL) thi dfldc thu hoach. Den ngay thu,
ngfldi ta chi viec md cd'ng, dat dd hoac gan can nflde de bat
tdm, cua. De cd hieu qua eao hdn eua dam tdm, ngfldi ta
mua them tdm ron (tdm con) va cua eon dd xudng d i m . O
nhflng d, d i m nudi eua, ngfldi ta mua vai mfla (ni Idng) Iam
tfldng rao chdng eua di.. Dien tich nudi cua bien eua nam
2002 la lOOOha, san Ifldng la 540 tan (350kg/ ha). Tdm nudi
d dam ngoai de la loai tdm rao (gid'ng tfl nhien) loai tdm dac
trflng eua vung bien nay con nhd (khoang tfl 45 de'n 60con
/kg) nhflng chac, nhieu dam, an thdm va ngon. Nam 2002,
toan vung da thu 105 tan tdm rao du tieu chuan xuat khau
(Nien Giam 2000).
1. Con r i t giong nhU con hen, con vop nhiing rat nho, vo mong, gion. NgUdi
Kim Sdn thUdng luoc lay nildc, dai lay ruot de nau canh mong tdi. Con
rat song cl bai (nhU hen).
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Cdng cu thu cong truyen thdng danh bat thuy nai san...
b) Nudi torn, cua trong de bao (Binh Minh 2):

Trflde nhflng nam 90 cua TK XX, vung bai bien Cdn Thoi
(nay la vflng Binh Minh 2 gdm cac xa Kim Hai, Kim Tien,
Kim Trung, Kim Ddng... khoang 2000 ha) la khu bai chi ed
sfl vet, say va cdi bai.
Nam 1990 dip xong de Binh Minh 2, huyen Kim Sdn thanh
lap bd'n xa Kim Hai, Kim Tien, Kim Trung, Kim Ddng. Dan
sd' eua Binh Minh 2 dflde huy ddng tfl 17 xa cua 9 huyen 5
tinh tu hop lai.
Trong 2000 ha cua Binh Minh 2 dfldc quy hoach thanh eac
khu dan cfl; phan da't cao cua cac xa dfldc dfla vao trdng cdi;
mot phan dien tich da't cua Kim Hai, Kim Ddng dfldc dfla
nflde ngot tfl sdng Can qua cd'ng CTl va cd'ng ClO tfl Kim Mi
xudng Kim Hai, tfl sdng Day vao Kim Ddng qua cd'ng CT3
thau chua rfla man de trdng lfla; 70 ha cua Kim Trung xay
dung khu nudi tdm cdng nghiep; dien tieh edn lai quy hoach
thanh d t h i a , thanh cac d i m nudi tdm su, tdm cang xanh,
tdm he chan trang...
Theo bao cao "Tdm t i t tinh hinh KTXH ba nam 2001 - 2003,
nhiem vu trong tam hai nam 2004 - 2005" cua UBND tinh
tai hdi nghi can bo khoa hoc ngay 22 - 6 - 2004 do dng Dinh
Van Hung trinh bay: "trong nhflng nam qua Ninh Binh da
trien khai 175 dfl an, de tai khoa hoc trong dd cd de tai
"Gid'ng tdm su, tdm cang xanh, tdm he chan trang, gid'ng cua,
gid'ng ea rd phi hdng" flng dung vao san xua't, ddi sd'ng.
- Tdm sfl va tdm cang xanh la gid'ng tdm dfla tfl mien Nam
ra, tdm he chan t r i n g la gid'ng tdm d Nam Mi la da't la nflde
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va ngudi Cdn Thoi chUa quen nudi gid'ng tdm nay. DUa tdm
su va tdm cang xanh vao vflng bai Cdn Thoi dang d thdi ki
flng dung bfldc d i u "vfla hoc vfla Iam" da thu dfldc ket qua
ban diu kha lac quan.
+ Cho den cud'i 2002, tren vung bai nay da ed 5 trai gid'ng
tdm eua (cua tfl nhan, dfldc nha nflde hd trd 1,6 ty ddng) di
vao boat ddng cung cap 70,3 trieu con gid'ng dam bao chat
lfldng, gia thanh ha cung cap cho khu vflc nudi tdm d bai bien
Cdn Thoi va toan tinh. Dd la mot tin hieu vui cho khu vflc
kinh te bien.
+ Thdi vu tha tdm gid'ng xud'ng d i m hd nudi la thing gieng
(thang hai dfldng lich) thu hoach vao thang tfl, thang nam
am lich. Thdi tiet, khi hau kha thuan Idi nen tdm phat trien
td't. Kha nang tiep thu va thflc hanh ki thuat nudi tdm ngay
cang tien bd. Viec tfl che bie'n thflc an cho tdm tfl nguyen lieu
dia phfldng (cam ngd, cam gao, dau, tdm, el Iep...) dam bao
chat Ifldng, gia thanh ha cang thuan tien cho nudi trdng.
+ Toan vung ed 24 ho lam dim. Nam 2000, dien tieh nudi
la 471 ha san Ifldng 130 tan; 2001 da la 1.226 ha cho san
Ifldng 514 ta'n; 2002 dien tich la 1.450ha san Ifldng 810 tan
va 2003 dien tich la 1580 ha va tai thdi diem thang 9 nam
2003 san Ifldng tdm da cho la 950 ta'n. H i u bet cac ho nudi
tdm deu cd lai nhieu ho lai tfl 50 - 70 trieu (dng Sdn - Kim
Ddng, dng Lai - Kim Hai, dng Hdng - Kim Ml, dng Tinh - Cdn
Thoi...). Nhieu md hinh nudi tdm nang suat eao xua't hien
nhfl HTX thuy san Kim Trung dat 2ta'n/ha, dng Sdn (Kim
Ddng) 2,5 ta'n/ha...
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Cdng cu thd cong truyen thdng danh bit thuy bai san.
3. Ngudn thu tii nong - ngfl c h i e m ti le khong nho

trong tong thu ciia tinh
Tong dien tich nudi trdng thuy san nam 2003 la 4800 ha
trong dd cd 3245ha nudi trong ao hd nang suat trung binh
dat 1,5 de'n 2 ta'n/ha va hang ngan ldng ca cua Nho Quan,
Gia Vien, 1555ha dien tich rudng trung va thflng dao ven de
sdng (700ha la ruong trung)... cho san Ifldng 10.407 ta'n (Id
mam la 7818 ta'n).
Vdi sU dg,o ciia TU vd UBND tlnh, nudi trong thuy sdn cUa
Ninh Binh dang di dung hUdng vd cd nhiiu hda hen d hai
vung sinh thdi: nUdc ngot vd Id - mdm tgo ra sdn phdm gid
tri kinh te cao md sdn lUdng luon chiem vi tri hdng ddu trong
kinh tethuy hdi sdn cua Ninh Binh.
.' • i ::'. . a o i • ••••
c -'M •<-[ i'-'l -y '• ' •'')• .no''
•ii Vv ' .: • : •• -'.o'f
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CHUONG IV
KINH NGHIEM
DANH BAT THUY SAN
1. Chon vung tat ea

Cd nflde ed ca. Nhfl the khdng cd nghia d dau ed nflde la ed
ca. Di tat, phai biet chon chd cd ca ma tat. Chon chd cd ca cdn
dfla theo mua, theo thdi tiet, theo dac tinh cua loai ca.
* Mua nang am: Ca thfldng boat ddng manh me de san
mdi, dao mdi, nd rdn, vung nflde thfldng cd mau van due theo
nhieu dang ludng khac nhau. Vung nflde nhfl the cd nhieu ca
va cd ca to. Vung nflde due nhflng khdng ed dang ludng van
cudn, cd ca cung chi cd ca nhd va khdng ed nhieu.
* Mua ddng gia ret: Ve mua ddng ca boat ddng it hdn mua
nang am. Nhflng ngay gia ret, ca khdng hoat ddng. Chung
tim ndi tru ngu tranh ret. Chon vung tat khdng the chi can
cfl vao mau cua nflde.
Ba yeu td cd the giflp cho ta ebon vung tat:
- Vung nflde dd nam d ndi khuat gid.
- Vung nflde dd ed nhieu beo bdng, bui ed nhflng khdng qua
ram rap tam td'i.
- Vung nflde dd nam lien ke vdi khu vflc cd nhieu ca, nhieu
mdi an... ;^. ,. , ,
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Cdng cu thu cong truyen thdng danh bit thuy hai san...
Nhflng vung nflde nhfl vay nen chon de tat vi, khuat gid
nhiet do cao hdn, beo bdng giflp ca ed chd dfla an toan lai
la chd tru ddng tranh ret li tudng cho eac loai ca nhat la ca
rd, ca chud'i.
Tat ea la cdng viec nang nhoc. De ed hieu qua nen tfl hoac
tim hieu mot vai meo vat nhfl tren de chon vung tat.
2.'Tom chang vang, ea rang dong"

* Chang vang la lfle mat trdi dang va mdi khuat sau
chan trdi chi cdn hat len bau trdi thfl anh sang vang trang
nhat nhoa dan sam lai trflde khi tat ban. Thdi gian "chang
vang" eua danh bat ca la tfl khoang 18h den 20 gid. Khoang
"chang vang" a'y cac loai thudc ho nha tdm tep tim di
nhieu. Cho nen thdi gian "chang vang" thi dat dd tdm tep,
chan dam ngflde nflde bat tdm rao ddng, keo vd tdm... se
dfldc nhieu.
* Rang ddng la lfle mat trdi sap moc. Thdi gian "rang ddng"
cua danh bat ca la khoang tfl 4h30 de'n 6h30. Sau mot dem
ngu, ddi ma khoe, ea di kiem mdi. Du ngoai sdng trong ddng,
d dim... ea hfldng vao phia bd, ven theo bd kiem an. Day la
thdi gian danh bat cd hieu qua. Ngfldi ta giang dang, lfldi, ca't
vd, dat dd Id, ddn chan de danh b i t ca, dung d n cau nhfl mdi
bat ca chud'i dfldc.
3. Dat Id bong bat ca

Ninh Binh la mot tinh n i m d vung ddng b i n g trung du
Ble Bo "ning lim mfla nhieu" ve mua ha mua thu, mfla phfln
gia ret ve mua ddng. Ning mfla, gia ret la luat eua trdi da't.
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Ngfldi Ninh Binh luan luat a'y ma danh b i t ca phuc vu ddi

sd'ng cua minh.
Dat Id bdng b i t ea cd nhieu each khac nhau cho hdp vdi
hoan d n h , sd thich cua mdi loai ca:
* Ning nhieu, ddng rudng ao hd can nflde, mfla xud'ng, sung
sfldng ca tim each ea di. Ca die'c, ca ngao, ca chep... tim di
theo ddng nflde chay, ca rd, ca chud'i tim di men theo bd ao,
rudng, sdng... . Hdi tha'y rdc rach la ea rd lde lach qua bd. Hai
cai mang xanh den, gd ghe ma sac nhfl rang efla trd thanh
cdng cu vfldt bd, vfldt dfldng ra't cdng hieu cua ca rd.
Bat ea rd ea chud'i thi dat Id bdng song song va sat bd. Than
Id ndi len tren mat nflde chflng 1/5. Ca men theo bd, cham
vao thanh Id vdng ra chut de di tiep thi chui vao hom Id. Mua
mfla ca rd hay di thanh dan, con no ndi con kia. Ca dan chui
vao Id.
Bat ca ngao, ca riec... dat Id ngang ddng mang chay, hai ben
bd dam ba tflm beo bdng ra't tfl nhien. Ld bdng thoang nflde,
ngflde cung nhfl xudi, cfl lach theo hom ma vao Id.
* Nang nhe, gid thoang hay heo may, khdng can nflde chay,
dat Id bdng ven bd ao, bd ngdi, ngang bd mfldng... de bit ca rd,
ea chudi.
* Nang hanh ban ngay, sfldng mud'i ban dem, gia ret. Id
bdng dfldc dat d ven eac bui beo bdng, doan mfldng ngdi ed
nhieu cay, bui cd, h i m ca khd dao, khd bit. Sang, ea tfl trong
ra di an, td'i ca tfl ngoai ve, vao trfl qua dem. Ld dat d him,
dat dd'i dien mieng Id vdi efla ham. Con nao tim each ra, deu
phai chui vao Id...
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Cdng cu thd cong truyen thdng danh bit thuy hai san...
4. Sijf d u n g c u p d a n h b a t ca
Cup (xem cup) dfldc ngfldi Kim Sdn sfl dung ra't Iinh hoat,
sang tao thich hdp vdi nhieu hinh thflc danh b i t ea d vflng
bien nhieu ao dim, sdng ngdi, mfldng mang nhfl Kim Sdn.
4.1. Cup ddnh cd trong ao nhd: Vdi ngfldi Kim Sdn, day
la viec lam thfldng xuyen bdi nha nao cung cd ao, cd nha tdi hai
ba cai ao; ao de nudi ca hot (fldm ca gid'ng), ao de nudi ca thit chfl
yeu de "tfl cap" cho bfla an hang ngay cua gia dinh, mot khoan
"cung - ehi" chang "ba" nao hach toan trong sd chi tieu ca.
Danh ea ao nha, ngfldi ta dung cup ket hdp vdi vd keo tay.
Cup vfla dung de up b i t ea vfla de khua, dudi, ddn ea ve phia
dat vd de cat vd bat ca; bat nhflng con ea to ma vd khd bit
dfldc. Day la sfl ket hdp ra't cd hieu qua dap flng kip thdi yeu
d u sfl dung hang ngay eua gia dinh, nha't la nhflng lln ed
khach dot xua't.
4.2. Dung cup up moi:

Dung cup up mdi la hinh thflc dung mdi nhii ea de lay
cup flp bat ca, tdm d ao, dam, sdng, ngdi, mfldng... cua ngfldi
Kim Sdn.
Caeh td chflc danh bat nhfl sau:
a) Chgn chd vd vi tri bo mdi: Trflde khi bd mdi de flp, ngfldi
ta phai chon chd, don chd rdi xac dinh vi tri bd mdi tai chd dd.
+ Chon chd la ebon ndi cd kha nang cd ca;
+ Don chd la don mat bing du cho cup up vfla ma khdng
Idi lom khien ca trong cup cd the chay thoat ra ngoai
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+ Xac dinh vi tri de bd mdi de khi cup, cup chum gon vi tri
bd mdi d gifla cup, ca khdng cd cd hoi chay thoat.
+ Chon chd va vi tri bd mdi edn lien quan den xac dinh
khoang each ma ngfldi cup dung tdc do, tfl the lao xud'ng cup
sao cho thich hdp de ea khdng chay dfldc;
+ Xac dinh khoang d e h gifla cac diem cup de mdi l l n cup
khdng tao chan ddng lam ca d diem kia sd, chay.
b) Moi cup: Mdi cup Iam b i n g cam (cam nudi ldn), nhao
nhuyen vdi me chua va mot Ifldng da't set thich hdp de mdi
khdng bi tan nhanh, ca phai gam an lau hdn ma van thdm va
hap din chflng khien chung khdng bd di.
c - IJp mdi:
- Up mdi cd hieu qua thfldng vao budi sang (tfl 7 - 8 gid),
trfla (11 - 12 gid) hoac chieu (tfl 16 - 18 gid) la thich hdp. Mdi
lfldt flp khdng ban ehe ve sd' lln nhflng phai can dd'i thdi gian
ca cd the an het mdi.
- Caeh danh up: Khi da bd mdi xong d cac diem dinh danh
up, trd lai diem bd mdi d i u tien la da du thdi gian flp tfl l l n
up diu tien den lln flp cud'i cung ma chuan hi sd' Ifldng l l n
flp thich hdp.
Yeu d u kl thuat cua danh up mdi nhfl sau:
+ Tfl the cua ngfldi up mdi la tfl the s i n sang hai tay cam
ehle hai gong cup flp chum len vi tri da bd mdi. Dong tac
phai nhanh, manh, dflt khoat.
+ Sau khi cup da tiep da't, a'n gong cup cho diem cup chim
sau xud'ng bun, dung bung de gifl gong cup, hai tay md, an
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Cong cu thu cong truyen thdng danh bit thuy hai san.
lfldi, ddn ca ve mdt gde cup de sau dd, lln Ifldt ludn mdt tay
qua diem cup ma b i t ea. B i t ca nhd trflde, ca to sau. Neu la
rat to thi dflng ehinh lfldi cup de gifl ca, nha'c va lat ngfla cup
dem ca len bd.
Dung cup up mdi dfldc nhieu loai ca, tdm khac nhau nhfl
ea chep, ea rd, ca riec, ea rdi, ea trdi...
4.3. Cup bdt cd chep:

Cd hai each dung cup san bat ea chep ma ngfldi Kim Sdn
da lam:
4.3a. Dung cup up mdi bdt cd chep:
- Cup up mdi (xem muc 4.2)
- Mdi nhfl b i t ca chep: Ca chep la loai ea an chim. Khdng
biet ai da nghi ra dflde each dung mdi ma tdi se ndi dfldi day
de danh up ea chep. Chi biet rang nhflng nam tdi cdng tac d
khu bd'n cua huyen Kim Sdn tdi da tha'y ngfldi dan khu bd'n
Kim Sdn iam the, tdi hoc, lam theo va tha'y cd hieu qua:
+ Mdi de danh cup ea chep lam bang mot trong nhflng loai
nguyen lieu sau: cu khoai lang, lfla hat, gao. Khoai, lfla, gao
dem ngam nflde cho den khi cd mfli thum thum la dfldc.
+ Caeh dung mdi nhfl: trflde khi ehinh thflc danh bat, ta
ebon chd, vi tri... (nhfl 4.2) hai den ba ngay trflde dd, bd (chi
bd it) mdi khoai (hoac lfla, gao) vao mot gid nha't dinh de ea
de'n an cho quen. Ngay thfl 4 thi bd mdi de danh bit, bd du
de ca an dflde lau, kip up cho bet lfldt. i
Dung mdi ngam nha't la khoai lang ngam thfldng b i t dfldc
nhieu ea chep. Day ka mot kinh nghiem ra't nen ap dung. "
170
4.3b. Tim "tdm cd", diing cup bdt ed chep:

Day cung la bai hoc kinh nghiem cua ngfldi dan khu bd'n
Kim Sdn. Xin ke lai day cau chuyen cua hai vd chdng mot
anh ban! Chuyen la the nay:
Mot budi trfla (tdi edn nhd la trdi ning, anh ndi), anh dap
xe tfl Kim Tan ve nha. Sau can nha bdi thap be cua vd chdng
anh la mot con sdng nhd. Anh dap xe tren bd cua con sdng ay
de ve nha. Nhin xud'ng mat sdng gdn sdng, bat giae anh tha'y
mot chum hot nflde sun len each bd sdng chflng hdn hai met.
Anh dflng xe quan sat va lai tha'y hot nflde lien tiep ndi len
ngay cang nhieu va diy hdn, kem ca m l u van bun dung due
cudn len thanh ludng. Anh doan la ca chep (khdng phai mot
con) dang an mdi.
Anh len xe, dap vdi ve nha, lay va mac cup.
Trflde khi vac cup di, anh dan vd chuin bi gao nau chao
ca. "Cd a'y tfldng td dfla nen ehi cfldi ma khdng ndi gi."
Anh vac cup di vfla lo vfla tflc. ChUng 15 phflt anh vac cup
ve trd ve tay xach ba eon ca chep, eon nhd nhat khoang 4
lang vflt danh each d san rdi cao giong: "Me nd dau... na'u
chao nhe!" The la nau chao that chfl khdng dua! Ca nha an
chao ca chep, nghe ke chuyen "tam ca" va b i t ea cua anh. Ai
cung than phuc, nha't la thing be con anh cfl ludn mdm:
-"Bd'tai that!"
Chuyen ehi cd the nhiing la bai hoc danh b i t khdng di quen.
Ngfldi ta vac cup di doc bd sdng, bd ngdi nha't la d cac nga
ba, nga tfl nhflng ngay md cd'ng cho nflde ra (hoac vao) de tim
171
tam ca. Ca chep la loai ca an chim. Khi kiem mdi, nd thfldng

chuc diu xud'ng ma dao da't bun tim mdi. Trong bfln dfldi day
ao, sdng thfldng cd mot Ifldng khdng khi nhat dinh. Ca dao
bun da't, khdng khi ndi len thanh "tam". Ca chep thfldng it
di an le, lai hay tranh nhau dao kiem mdi nen khdng ehi cd
mot "tam" ma cdn cudn v i n bun dat thanh ludng. Phat hien
"tam" quan sat "ludng" bun dat dung cup danh flp ehle chin
ed ca chep.
4.4. Dung cup ddnh bdt cd d ho ddm vd song:
Sdng, hd d i m la ndi nflde sau va rdng nhflng nhieu ca, ca
to va ngon. Mot hai ngfldi cup vd khdng the danh bat ndi ca.
Cac cu da cd cau: "An mot minh dau tflc, lam mot minh cflc
than". Dan Kim Sdn rii nhau thanh nhdm thanh hdi danh ca
sdng, dam hd b i n g cup. Ndi nhdm hdi nhflng khdng gid'ng cac
td chflc hdi doan xa hdi. Nhdm hdi danh ca nay cd tinh tfl
phat, tfl lien ket, xong lai tfl giai tan, khdng cd lanh dao nhflng
chung mue dieh la hieu qua danh bat; san pham cung khdng
cd tinh chat phan phoi dfldi bat ki hinh thflc nao. Ai kiem
dfldc, dfldc bao nhieu, ngfldi nay gifl va sii dung tuy thich. Rat
doan ket va vui ve; hang ldi trflde sau rat thfl tfl. Ho nhin
nhau ma di, xem nhau ma up, bat. Gifldng nhfl ho y thflc dfldc
r i n g mdi ngfldi tach rieng ra ho chang lam ndi gi ca. Nen khi
gap dip, ho keo nhau vac cup di danh; dan hang ngang cho
kin sdng, hd, dim... ma danh. Mot hang, hai rdi ba hang...
Danh cup khdng ed nghia ai di trflde, up trflde thi dfldc, dfldc
nhieu ca. Neu sd' cup ehi dan du mot hang thi giem cup nay
re deu sat giem cup kia nhfl dich dang vay de cho ca khdng
ludn, Ien ra sau dfldc. i, • _ ] . • , ' • . • . .>.
172
Neu la nhieu hang thi cac hang cup thfldng di so le nhau;

hang trflde each hang sau vfla du de cup hang sau khdng up
de len ngUdi hang trflde; ngfldi no each ngfldi kia vfla du ludng
trdng cho ngfldi hang sau. "Y an, y d" la tfl biet trong ldng,
khdng ndi ra nhflng ai cung lam the. Ca thoat hang cup nay,
khd thoat d hang cup kia.
Ngfldi ta danh up nhfl the d ca mot doan sdng dai hang
cay so' khi chieu nflde xud'ng can, d ao dim rdng hang mau,
vai mlu bic bd. Cung khdng ai tinh mdi lln danh dfldc bao
nhieu ta ea, can ca nhflng h i u nhfl ai cung dfldc (it hoac
nhieu) va chia tay nhau ra ve rat la vui ve. ,.,
5. Dung la s a n b a t oe nhoi
Ninh Binh la tinh cd nhieu ddi rflng. Nhflng nam 80 cua
the kl XX trd ve trflde, ddi cua Ninh Binh trdng ra't nhieu s i n
cay (mien Nam goi la cay mi, cu mi) ngfldi Ninh Binh cdn cd
ndi goi la sin tay de phan biet vdi s i n day. Ngoai cii - mot
loai cii Ifldng thflc, s i n cdn cho rau xanh cho ngfldi dan vflng
ddi. La sin hai de luoc, v i t khd cham mudi vflng, an vdi cdm
rat bfli hoac lam mdn dfla goi la dfla rau san.
Trflde day, ngfldi dan Gia Vien, Nho Quan, Yen Md - dan
ddng chiem - danh bat cua oc (oc nhdi) bang rd sue, giam danh.
Mua he thi nang ndng, mua ddng thi ret, gia, khdng phai lue
nao cung thuan ldi, sudn se. Ngfldi dan ddng chiem cd mot
each danh bat dc (de nhdi, de ao...) rat ddn gian, khdng ton
kem ea thdi gian va tien bac nhflng lai rat hieu qua. Dd la
each dung cay va la san tay de bat dc.
Caeh iam nhfl sau:
173
Cdng cu thu cdng truyen thdng danh bit thuy bai san...
- Cay va la s i n chat bd t h a n h tflng bd nhd. Cung ed t h e bd

cay rieng, la rieng tuy dieu kien cd the ed dfldc.
- Chon k h u vflc cd de (dc ao hoac dc nhdi) de t h a bd cay
la san.
- Thdi gian t h a vao chieu, sang r a di t h u gom dc. Cfl the cho
de'n khi cay, la s i n hi an hoac rfla het thi thay. Oc thfldng tim
de'n an va b a m chat vao cay va la san, cd nha'c Ien khdi mat
nflde chflng khdng bd. Ta cfl viee n h a t ddn ma t h u lay dem ve.
Cung c h a n g biet vi sao, nhflng day la k i n h nghiem danh
b a t dc r a t hieu q u a cua ngfldi ddng chiem. D a n ddng be Yen
K h a n h , Kim Sdn da ap d u n g cung r a t hieu qua.
6. C a u c a c h u o i
Ca chud'i la loai ca dfl va p h a m an. Tinh khdn, quyet liet
trong s a n mdi nhflng ngd ngech "rong chdi". Cau ca chud'i cd
nhieu each. O day chi xin ndi den kieu cau torn, cau nhac de
b a t ca chud'i.
Goi la cau tdm, cau n h a c la vi mdi mac vao lfldi cau (nhfl
cac loai cau ca chud'i khac) t h a mdi, nhac len, bd xudng nflde
k e u tae... tdm... N h a c len bd xud'ng deu deu, tieng keu nhae,
tieng goi. ' "'
Vd'n td md v a h a u a n , ca t i m d e n x e m thfl, tha'y mdi

"bap" ludn.
Cau tdm, cau n h l c d u n g d n cau ca chud'i t r u y e n thdng
tha, n h l c d r u d n g lua vao t h a n g tam, t h a n g chin (am lich) d
lan khoai nflde, bui ao beo ve m u a t h u he, ndi t r a n h n i n g va
an trdn an toan lai m a t me eua ea chud'i.
174
Mdi cau nhac bing ngoe. Ngoe mlc vao lfldi cau, thi tha xud'ng
bd'n chan xoe ra nhfl con mdi dang tim each chay trdn. Ca
chud'i lao de'n "bap" ludn. Chd cho nud't "chfla khdi hong" mdi
giat. Lfldi cau ddng vao ham vao mang keo len ma bat la'y.
7. Chan tom rao bang giam

Trung Ddng la mot lang nhd nam d nga ba sdng Vac va
sdng Phfldng Nai thudc HTX Lien Phfldng xa Yen Nhan,
huyen Yen Md. Hai mat Tay - Bae va Ddng - Bac la sdng, phia
Tay - Nam giap thdn Phfldng Nai, Ddng - Nam la con dfldng
quan ben kia la xa Thfldng Kiem eua huyen Kim Sdn.
Lang cd 919 ngfldi vdi 158 mlu (Bac Bd) rudng. Lang n i m
sat de sdng Vac. Do lay dat dap de, ven de cd rat nhieu thung
vung. Trung Ddng la diu ngudn nflde cua HTX Lien Phfldng
(713 mau) va ca xa Yen Nhan (1.936 mau). Cd'ng Trung Ddng
lay nflde tfl sdng Vac vao ddng qua he thd'ng ngdi cai, ngdi
con va mfldng mang, cung la ndi tieu nflde cho ca xa mdi khi
lut flng.
Vdi dieu kien tfl nhien nhfl vay, thung vung, ddng rudng,
mfldng ngdi cua Trung Ddng la mdi trfldng Ii tfldng de ca
tdm sinh sdi va phat trien, cung la dieu kien thuan Idi cho
ngfldi dan d day danh bat tdm, ca cai thien bfla an hang ngay
eua minh.
Ngfldi dan Trung Ddng dung cau de cau ca, dd vd Ifldi de
danh bat ca, giam de danh cua cay, tdm trflng, chan tdm rao.
Giam dflng de chin tdm rao dfldc ngfldi dan cua lang sfl
dung rat hieu qua. Nd la kinh nghiem quy trong danh b i t
tdm rao ddng, mot san pham chat Ifldng cao cua tfl nhien.
175
Cong cu thu cong truyen thdng danh bit thuy bai san...
Danh b i t tdm rao ddng cd mua vu. Thang tU, thang nam
thu chiem chuan bi cho lam mua, md cd'ng lay nflde vao ddng.
Trflng tdm cua ram, tdm rao con theo nflde vao ddng. Trflng
nd thanh tdm con, tdm con san mdi, ldn len. Xuan di he den,
thang nam, thang sau trdi nang, tdm vui minh xudng bun d
mat rudng, thung vung de tranh ndng. Chieu mat nha't la
nhflng chieu con nflde ldn, cd'ng md, nflde vao ddng. Nudc phu
sa mat rfldi, tdm thoat ra khdi chd an nap, tim theo ddng
nflde mat ma xudi, ma ngUdc. Tdm xudi thi it, "Tdm chang
vang, ca rang ddng", tdm ngUde mang eon, mang to, ra mUdng
ra ngdi vfldt cd'ng ma ra sdng. Ngfldi Trung Ddng dem giam
md (xem Giam md...) loai to chin mang ldn d thung vung ngdi
to, loai nhd chan mang nhd d rudng, d mfldng de bat tdm.
Chan tdm la chan ngflde, dit giam ngflde vdi chieu nflde,
mieng giam thi xudi theo ddng chay hfldng ve rudng dfldi.
Tdm rao, eua ram ngflde vao giam, bam lay nan giam, bd
ven theo giam vfldng vao hom giam lai bd ngflde lai, quan
quanh ma khdng ra dflde, chd ngfldi den nha'c bat. Nam,
mfldi phut mot lln nhae bat. Het me nay den me khac, mdi
me nam ba con, cd me mfldi mfldi hai eon, tfl chieu vang cho
de'n 19, 20 gid mdi ngay, danh bat khdng it. Vao 18, 19 gid la
thdi gian "Tdm chang vang" tdm di nhieu nhat!
Tdm rao ddng to va may (beo), an gdi hoac rang man an
cdm rat ngon.
176
CHUONG V
•1(1,jn .',
CHE BIEN THUY HAI SAN

V6ID6IS6NG
1. Niidc m a m
Chung tdi chi xin gidi thieu mot cd sd chuyen ehe bien cac
loai nflde mim dfldc coi la dac san cua dia phfldng Kim Sdn
ndi rieng, Ninh Binh ndi chung "Xi nghiep che bien hai san
Kim Hai":
De'n trung tam thi tran Phat Diem, di qua cd'ng Bien Nhi,
chd Nam Dan ven theo de sdng Vac (sdng Tri Chinh) qua ben
tau thuy (Phat Diem - Nam Dinh) khoang 400 met, nhin vao
phia trong de tha'y mot bien hieu mau diu diu:
"Kinh chdo quy khdch!

Xi nghiep che bie'n hdi sdn Kim Hdi
; •, I, i 50 Nam Ddn - TT Phdt Diem, Huyen Kim Scfn,
,ini. . Tinh Ninh Binh" i .
Dd la xi nghiep che bien hai san tfl nhan cua anh ehi
Dat - Nhan d thi tra'n Phat Diem chuyen che bie'n cac loai
san pham thuy bai san, cac loai nflde mam cd truyen: mam
tdm, m i m rfldi, mam cay nen, mim tep chua, mim tep nen,
mim chfldp cao d p va tdm ca khd cac loai:
177
Cong cu thu cong truyen thdng danh bit thuy hai san...
M i m rfldi la san pham ed tieng cfla ngfldi dan Yen Ve

(Yen Khanh)' va Cdn Thoi (Kim Sdn)^ che bien tfl con rfldi.
Dai Nam thd'ng nha't chi chep r i n g "Mim rfldi ten chfl la Dai
boa trung, cdn cd ten la Hoa can trung ven bien deu cd, song
m i m rfldi lang Yen Ve la ngon nhat, cd le thfldng tien".
Lang Yen Ve thudc xa Khanh An, huyen Yen Khanh each
thi xa Ninh Binh chflng 6km ve phia Nam. Lang n i m ven bd
sdng Vac. Bien lui dan, nhflng canh ddng hai vu vfldn dai mai
ra, vflng bai Cdn Thoi, khu 4 Kim Sdn lai trd thanh trung
tam eua nhflng san vat thuy hai san cua Ninh Binh. Ninh
Binh cd mam rfldi Yen Ve mot thdi, nhflng nam 60 cua TK
XX trd lai day lai ed m i m rfldi d Cdn Thoi, Kim Sdn.
Xfla kia, ngfldi ta ehi lam mam rfldi vao nhflng nam dfldc
mua rfldi. Rfldi nfldng, rfldi ran, cha rfldi, rfldi xao la nhflng
mdn an tfldi, an ngay. M i m rfldi la cua de rinh, la loai nflde
cham cao cap hiem va quy. • - • • ' ] , n r h -ic^
De cd mam rfldi cung cap cho thi trfldng, anh chi Dat mot
nam hai ki phai dat hang vdi cae ehu thu mua d vung Yen Ve
(ven sdng Vac) va Cdn Thoi de mua rfldi. Hang thi chfla tdi ki
nhflng tien phai dat trflde. Chi Nhan ndi rang, mdi nam
khdng thu gom dflde dam bay ta'n rfldi thi gay to. Anh tha'y
day: mdi nam cd hai ki rfldi "Thang chin ddi mfldi, thang
mfldi mdng nam" (vao 20 thang 9 va mdng nam thang mfldi
1. Lang Yen Ve thuoc xa Khanh An, huyen Yen Khanh each thi xa
Ninh Binh chflng 6km ve phia nam. Lang nim ven be) song Vac.
2. Xa Con Thoi d tieu khu IV huyen Kim Sdn nSm ven song Day, co
ciia Day va viing bai bien rat rong mua nidi (thang 9, thang 10)
CO rat nhieu nidi.
178
am lich), ngUdi dan Yen Ve ven sdng Vac, Cdn Thoi d bai
Binh Minh, Kim Sdn dung sam (xem sam rfldi), vdt hoac tay
de sam, de vdt rfldi. Ngoai hai ki rfldi ehinh, trong nam cdn
cd ki rfldi chiem vao thang nam (am lich). Rfldi chiem it, eon
nhd, it bdt.
Cung may la mdi nam chung tdi cung thu mua dfldc tren
dfldi chue tan du de cung cap cho khach trong va ngoai tinh -
chi Nhan cfldi va ndi vdi tdi. Chi dan chflng tdi ra xem khu be
chfla mim rfldi cua xi nghiep va gidi thieu quy trinh Iam
mam rfldi:
- Rfldi dfldc nhat sach van rac, ca vun, thay, gan het nflde
cho rfldi sach thi danh mudi. Ti le mudi va rfldi la 1/3 (1kg
mudi 3 kg rfldi). Danh tan mudi rap het rfldi thi ddng vao
chum vd, la'y vai bit, lay n i p day chat, lay bun thu vdi rdm
trat kin (nhfl cac cu trat vach) rdi dem phdi sfldng nang.
- Du 12 thang trd len thi mdi dfldc diing. Md nap chum mam,
dung vdt vdt het Idp vang ba xac rfldi tren mat cdn lai la nflde
mam. Nflde mam rfldi cd mau kem sfla dac, vang sdng sanh,
thdm phflc. Ddng vao chai, buih... de ndi thoang mat an dan.
Khi an phai chflng cho chin. Chflng den dau, an den day.
Chflng mam rfldi cho them la gflng tfldi thai chi hoac gflng eu
dap nhd, hanh va chut dt tfldi.
Mam rfldi la nflde cham nhieu dam, thdm va ngon khdng
phai d dau cung cd. Cho nen phin Idn khach de'n mua de
dung Iam qua bieu.
Vdng qua day chum kieu dflng mim rfldi, chi Nhan chi cho
chung tdi mot he thd'ng be lam mim cay. Mam cay cd m i m
179
cay sdi, m i m cay nen. Mam cay sdi an ngay, mam cay nen,
nen lau de dfldc dai ngay.
Cay cd nhieu loai. Cay long, chan cd nhieu long, mai yem
cd mau nau dat; Cay trdn, mai chan, yem bdng hdng, chan
khdng ed ldng, iam mam an tanh, khai khdng ngon. Loai cay
Iam m i m thdm, ngon, nhieu dam la cay Idng. Cay long cd
mau nau dat, chan, cang nhieu ldng. ,. • i, •. . i:
Cd nhieu vung mien lam mam cay. Mdi vung cd each lam,
each an cd net khac nhau. Ngfldi Yen Md, Kim Sdn lam mam
cay tfldng dd'i gid'ng nhau:
Cay riia sach, xe ddi bd yem, gia nhd vdi mud'i cho vao lo
hay vai, tren cung, phu mot Idp mud'i diy mam de chdng rudi
nhang, ti le cay mud'i la 3/1 (ba cay mot mud'i). Dung vai bit
kin, phdi nang, sfldng mfldi lam hai mfldi ngay thi dung dfldc.
Day la Iam mam cay sdi.
Xi nghiep chflng tdi cung lam mam sdi, cung cap cho cac
dai li trong huyen la ehu yeu. Cae anh de'n cdng Da Ddng eua
nha thd Phat Diem se tha'y ngay.
Lam mam cay nen cung gin tfldng tfl nhflng chi khac la d
chd cay khdng phai gia, ehi xe ddi, bd yem, lfldt cay lfldt mudi
rdi dao deu tren dfldi, mud'i nga'm vao cay, ba de'n sau thang,
nflde cay chay ddn xud'ng dfldi day be, chat lay ddng vao chai.
N i m a'y la nflde m i m cdt. Thich mim trong thi gan la'y nflde
phia tren. Cd ngfldi thich mau m i m cd mau cua cay thi la'y
them hot cd't cay. Cd khach hang d u ki b i t ddng vao binh ca
con cay nguyen. Loai m i m nay cham rau khoai luoc thanh
"rau lang m i m cay" dac san. ., ,. ,^
180
Mai Dfle Hanh - Do Thj Bay
Ddi sd'ng kinh te ngay cang phat trien, con ngfldi "hien
dai" tim each "phuc hdi vd'n cd", mim cay trd thanh dae san
khdng ehi d thi xa thanh phd' ma d ndng thdn. Ngfldi dan
cung it cd dip dfldc an ngay ca d ndi trflde day dfldc coi la "td"
cay nhfl Cdn Thoi, Binh Minh, Kim Sdn, Yen Md...
Chi ndi nhfl tam sfl, tdi cung phai dat hang tfl trflde, vdi
cac ehu thIu thu mua d Yen Md, Yen Khanh, Kim Sdn va ca
Nga Sdn nfla mdi tam du, lai phai dfl phdng, tinh gdi dau
nam no nam kia cho chu ddng.
Ngfldi dan que Yen Md, Yen Khanh, Kim Sdn, Nga Sdn...
sau khi d y gat da xong, nflde sdng len to thi dan dng mang
giam di danh cay, nflde xudng can trat bd bai thi dan ba con
gai mang gid thudng (xem Gid, Thudng) ra bai ra bd dao bat
cay hoac cau cay (xem d n cau cay) ve lam mam de dung trong
gia dinh edn thi dem ban. Nhieu, it, ngfldi eua tdi thu mua ta't,
gom lai, vay ma ca ehue tan. Ngfldi khdn cua khd ma anh!
Khi kinh te thi trfldng bung ra, dan que khdng chi cd m i m
cay, an mam cay ma mam chfldp Kim Sdn, m i m Phfl Qudc,
Ba Mfldi... bay ban khap ndi. Cay khan hiem din, mam cay
trd thanh "dd cd" cao gia. Ngfldi ta khdng dam lam thi tdi
lam, an nhau la d chd dd!
Day la mam tep. Chi Nhan d m chai mam tep dd au tren
gia xud'ng ndi vdi chflng tdi. Mim tep ed mam chua an ngay.
Day la m i m chua. Cdn day la m i m nen de dflde lau.
Mim chua gia dap vdi mud'i va cdm ngudi, rdi cho vao lo,
vd hoac vai (neu nhieu)... Dem phdi nang (khoang mot tuin)
la dung dflde.
181
Cong cu thu cdng truyen thdng danh bit thuy hai san..
Khi dung, mim tep dd phai chflng len mdi an dfldc. An den
dau chflng den dd. Khi chflng chi d n cho them hanh, ehflt
gflng cu hoac la gflng, dun chin de an.
Mim tep an vdi cdm nhfl mot mdn thflc an man; hoac dung
de cham rau sdng nhfl rau riep, xa lach, rau mudng, rau cai...
an vdi cdm rat ngon. .'•'.'
Mam tep cdn cd the che bien thanh nhieu mdn an khac
nhfl mam tep rim ca rd, rim thit ba chi... Cho nen dan ddng
chiem mdi hat: "Mim tep chflng vdi la gflng, them thit ba chi
xin dflng quen nhau" la vay!
Cdn mam tep nen dflde coi la loai mam ngon va cao ca'p
nhat cua mot thdi "truyen thd'ng". Mam tep nen khdng khd
lam nhflng quy trinh chat che va ddi hdi phai rat d n than.
Tep cd hai loai anh a: con tep trang, to eon, kha phd
bie'n d cac vflng.Yen Khanh, Yen Md, nhat la Kim Sdn ta;
hai la tep rui. Tep rui la con tep sdng d vflng ao hd, ddng
rudng nhieu rong reu, beo ed bui ram thfldng cd nhieu d
Nho Quan, Gia Vien, mot p h i n cua Yen Md. Con tep nho
va ngan trdng nhfl hinh cai lfldi liem eat cd, cat lua, mau
xanh den nhfl mau rong reu. Tren sd'ng lflng cua nd cd mot
dfldng chi nau den chay sud't tfl d i u den dudi, nhin mat
thfldng cung rd. .. . ' ;
Trong hai loai tep a'y, tep rui lam mam ngon, thdm va ngot
nflde hdn. Tep nen lam ca con. Lfldt tep lfldt mud'i; la'y vi, gia
va da chan, de nen tep, phdi mfla ning, sfldng gid trong thdi
gian tfl ba de'n sau thang mdi dung. Thdi gian de cang lau
m i m cang ngon. Mim tep nen la loai mim ngon, cd do dam
182
cao, chan vdi cdm an rat td't, cd thit nae thai phay hay gid nae
ma cha'm thi that la tuyet.
Trung binh mot nam, xi nghiep eua chi d n bao nhieu ta'n
nguyen lieu? Nghe tdi hdi, ehi nhim tinh. Khoang ba den
nam tan anh a, chi ndi.
Chflng nhfl tha'y tdi ngae nhien chi tie'p:
Tdi dat ba tram d Nho Quan va Gia Vien, mot d Yen Md,
mot d Yen Khanh. Cdn d Kim Sdn thi mua d tai xi nghiep.
vay ma chflng ehi chflng ay cung la li tfldng rdi.
Xi nghiep eua tdi loai mim chfldp la loai chu lfle.
Ndi de'n san pham cua bien khdng the khdng ndi de'n nflde
mam. Bien Kim Sdn la bien bdi. Hai cfla cfla hai con sdng
Day (cfla Day) va sdng Can (cfla Can) dem phfl sa tfl thfldng
ngudn ve bdi dap cho mien dat nay. Mdi nam, da't lien tien ra
bien hang tram met.
Vdi dac diem nay, bien Kim Sdn cd san Ifldng danh b i t
khdng nhieu, chung loai hai san khdng that da dang phong
phfl va chat Ifldng cao nhfl d cac vung bien Hai Phdng, Quang
Ninh, Nha Trang, Phfl Qudc...
Tuy vay che bien nflde mam cua Kim Sdn cung dang dflde
quan tam. Nhflng nam tam mfldi cua the ki XX trd ve trflde
Kim Sdn cd nflde nam Hai Tien cua hdp tae xa Hai Tien. Hai
Tien la HTX danh bat hai san va che bien nflde mam - ddn vi
qud'c doanh duy nhat cua Ninh Binh td chflc danh bat va che
bien san pham thuy hai san. Hai Tien ed hai ed sd: ed sd mot
d xa Thfldng Kiem (canh chd Nam Dan) dat cua xi nghiep
183
Cong cu thu cong truyen thdng danh bit thuy hai san..
anh Dat, chi Nhan bay gid. Cd sd bai dat d cfla Day. Ngoai
Hai Tien, ngudi Kim Sdn danh b i t va che bien hai san (trong
dd cd nUdc mam) nhd le gia dinh chu yeu mang tinh chat tU
cung tu cap trong "ndi bo". :,
Nudc mam eua Kim Sdn dUdc goi la mim ehUdp. NgUdi ta lay
quy trinh ehe bien ma goi, lau din thanh quen va thanh ten gpi.
Mam chUdp dUde che bien tfl cac loai ca nhan, khoai,
nhau, dd'i... (ea thap cam) eua vung Id mam bai bdi. Bien Kim
Sdn it e l cdm, thu, chu yeu la ea nhan, ca khoai. Mam lam
bang ca nhan, ea khoai cd do dam eao, thdm va ngon. Chfldp
mam de che ra:
Mdm rut: Mam rflt la nflde mam dflde rut ra tfl be mam
(mam cd't). Mam rut la mam nguyen chat, cd do dam cao,
trong va vang sanh nhfl mat ong, dae biet la cd mui rat thdm.
Loai nflde mam nay dflde coi la dac san.
Mdm chuap loai I, II, III: \a cac loai mam ehe (na'u) sau
khi da lay mam rut d eac mflc loai khac nhau cung cd the
khdng la'y mam rflt ma de ehe nflde m i m cac loai. Ba mim
thi dfla sang chan nudi (nudi ldn) rat td't.
Mam chfldp la loai nflde mam thdm ngon cua vung Kim
Sdn. Hien nay khdng edn cd sd qud'c doanh nao che bien mim
ma ehu yeu la tfl nhan. :u i
Anh Dat va chi Nhan trflde day vd'n lam nghe day hoe. Rdi
176* ra ddi, ca hai anh ehi xin ve mot lln de kinh doanh
vang bac d cdng Da Ddng nha thd Phat Diem. Khdng biet trdi
xui da't khien the nao, anh ehi lai bd nghe vang bac, bd tien
mua da't nay, dflng cd ngdi mdi vdi nhflng chum vd chai lo...
184
nay lam cai nghe ma anh chi van goi la "ehe bien hai san".
Khi gap lai the nay, tdi that sflng sd. Cd hdi, anh ehi cbi cUdi
"ed le la cai duyen trdi xe..." Chang vay ma khi ndi ve ea tep,
mim mud'i, anh chi, nha't la chi Nhan, bao gid cung sdi ndi va
ham hd lim...
Khi chia tay anh ehi tdi nhd mai ldi binh chan que "...cai
chua chua ngdn ngot thdm thdm eua rong reu ao chudm ddng
noi Nho Quan, Gia Vien cd trong con tep riu..." (tep riu la
nguyen lieu chinh de lam mam tep chua) cua chi Nhan khi
chi ndi ve cai ngon d mam tep chua - mot san pham cua xi
nghiep - mot cam nhan ma khdng phai nha kinh doanh nao
cung cd dflde. Hinh nhfl cd mot tinh yeu vdi cai mui "ngdn ngot
thdm thdm" cua ddng que sdng nflde Ninh Binh that la am ap
va sau lang trong long ngfldi chu doanh nghiep tre tudi nay.
2. Muoi ca d Trung Dong (Yen Nhan, Yen Mo)

Mudi ea la mot each che bien va bao quan thflc pham eua
ngfldi dan thdn Trung Ddng, xa Yen Nhan, huyen Yen Md.
Lang Trung Ddng nam d ven sdng Vac nhieu thung vung.
Hang nam cfl vao mua ddng, tren ddng nflde can, ngoai sdng
nflde rdng', ngfldi dan Trung Ddng lai thao dap^ gan nflde d
1. Nitdc rdng: nU6c rong \k miic niJ6c cia song xuong rat thap. Trong mot
nSm khong co nhieu ngay na6c xuong thap nhU vay va thUdng co vao
miia dong ken.
2. Dap: Dap la mot cai bd d i p bing da't chin ngang mot con miidng, con
ngoi de ng5n niidc chay vao hoac ra cua con ngoi, mUdng nao do. Thao
d i p CO nghia la dung mai, mong de dao lay dat ciia con dap cho nudc
chay vao hoSc ra song. Thao dap la dao pha dap cho niJ6c chay tix trong
cac thCing viing cho n>i6c chay ra song cho can de tat b i t ca, tom...
185
Cdng cu thu cdng truyen thdng danh bit thuy hai san.
cac thung vung d Quai Sanh, Canh Cheo, Gd'c Gao, Bai Cat
de bat tdm ca. An tfldi, phdi khd, khdng bet thi mudi.
Mudi ca la each "bao quan" de gianh cho nhflng ngay thflc
an khan hiem.
Ca dung de mud'i gdm tat ca cac loai ea nflde ngot khdng
ke to, nhd. Ca iam sach, de nguyen eon, fldp mud'i theo ti le 1/3,
xep vao vai (loai vai tfl 10 Kt trd len). Ldp tren cung rac mot Idp
mudi diy de chdng rudi nhang. Dung vai bit, nap day kin va dat
d ndi thoang mat. Mud'i dfldc mot thang thi cho thinh gao dao
deu cho thdm. Ca mud'i ba thang trd len thi dflng dfldc.
Ca mud'i khi lay ra dung van edn nguyen eon nha't la ca to.
Khi an phai dun chin (chflng). Khi chflng cho them gflng
(eu hoac la) dap nhd thai chi, hanh cu, dt tfldi...
Ca mud'i thit dd hdng. An chua chua, mam, thdm ndng. Nd
dung lam thflc an mam de an cdm, nflde dflng de cham rau
chud'i (chud'i cay thai nhd) sd'ng va rau thdm an rat ngon.
1. "Quai Sanh" la khu thiing viing nam sat chan de song Vac - mot doan de
d ben ngoai cong Trung Dong co hinh gio'ng nhii cai quai - con goi la tai -
cua chiec sanh dong ngay xiia. Theo cac cu ke lai, nam 1945, nif6c song
Vac rat 16n nen doan de nay bi v9, nii6c cuon than va chan de. De han
de ngUdi ta phai dap vong. Doan vong ay giong nhu cai tai (quai) cua cai
sanh dong, ngiidi Trung Dong gpi thung vung d day la khu Quai Sanh;
"Canh Cheo" la khu thung viing n i m sat chan de goc giao nhau ciia de
Dudng Quan va de song Vac. Ben ngoai de co mot khu ruong ciia lang
Tho Mat cheo vat nhU hinh tam giac nen ngUdi ta gpi la khu "Canh Cheo;
"Goc Gao" la diem tren de song Vac co trong mpt cay gao, each lang Trung
Dong khoang 800 met; tif Goc Gao men chan de xuo'ng khu bai rpng, cao
lam khu nghia dia ciia lang gpi la "Bai Cat". Day ciing la khu vUc co
nhieu thung viing rpng va sau.
186
3. Goi "dot tet"

Cd tdi ehue nam rdi hdm nay tdi mdi gap lai dng Dfldng.
Ong di nhfl chay den nim la'y tay tdi rdi rit: "Anh khoe khdng,
cac chau the nao, lam an ra sao...? Lau qua rdi sao khdng
tha'y xud'ng chdi? ...Tdi nam chat tay dng! Ta't ca nhfl lai ao
ve... Nhflng chuyen ngay xfla! Vang, ca chuyen "gdi ddt Tet" d
nha dng nfla.
Nam nay, dng n h i n chflng tdi ve "dd't tet" d nha dng.
Ddt tet la le cu nay van cdn gifl dfldc. Dd't tet la tuc hoa
vang de tien cac cu di, ddn dng tao ve. Theo le cu, ngay mdng
3 hoac mdng 4 tet la ngay hoa vang (ngfldi dan goi ndm la
ngay "dd't tet"). Ngay nay, tuy theo dieu kien eua mdi gia dinh
ma chon ngay va hinh thflc td chflc cho thich hdp. Nd la dip
de moi ngfldi trong gia dinh sum hop cung chung vui trflde
khi "ngfldi nao viee nay" cua nam mdi.
Ngay dd't tet cd du cac mdn chinh cua ngay Tet nhfl banh
chflng, gid va rfldu. Khi ddi sd'ng kha hdn, dot tet cung linh
boat, "cdi md" hdn. Ba ngay Tet, banh trai, thit tha ga ldn
qua nhieu. Ngay dd't tet d n dfldc ddi mdn de cd "khau vi"
mdi, an ngon mieng hdn, nhieu hdn, nha't la dflde vui hdn ma
van gifl dflde nghi thflc tien va ddn theo le. Vui ve d i u nam
se "thuan cheo mat mai" ca nam.
Nhflng ngay d i u nam (mua xuan) vdi ngfldi dan nudi tha
ca (ca gid'ng, ca tha) d Kim Sdn la nhflng ngay gan ao, sfla ao,
xfl li ao chuan bi cho vu ca mdi.
Vdi nha dng Dfldng - mot giao dan d xdm 8 xa Cdn Thoi,
huyen Kim Sdn - nam nay ngay ddt tet cung la ngay gan ao
187
de sfla ao t h a ca, cd dot tet b i n g gdi ca. Ong mdi ngdt 50 nhflng
da cd eon dau, con re, cd chau ndi, chau ngoai. Cd t h e m chflng
tdi ve dng vui l i m !
6 Kim Sdn, gdi tdm, gdi nhech dflde coi la dac san. Nhflng
cha ai d a m "ca quyet" cho mdn gdi ca. Cd le nhflng bai hoe ve
"rau sdng qua xanh" xa nay chang! Nhflng d a n nghien gdi
nhfl dng "Kha Xdm" d thi tra'n Binh Minh, dng cd T a n d Cdn
Thoi... bay t a m mfldi tudi v a n hdng hao, cfldng t r a n g dau cd
kem ai? Ngfldi k h u 4 Kim Sdn v a n t r u y e n r i n g :
Thd nhdt Id gdi cd me,

Thd nhi cd nhech, riec me, cd chdy.
(Ca dao viing Kim Sdn)
An gdi t h i n h a n h , lam gdi t h i lau. L a m gdi khdng chap

n h a n "sfl cau tha". Bfla gdi d i u n a m vao ngay dd't tet cang
p h a i "ehu toan" - sfl chu toan khdi d a u thflc hien ke hoach
n a m la r a t q u a n trong.
Ngay tfl s a n g sdm, con t r a i va con re ciia dng Dfldng da

gan ao, ea b a t rd ldn rd be. Ong trflc tiep chi cho a n h con trai
chon ca: con nay, con kia, con nao to, ngon, khdng ti vet', dng
bao bd vao rd to de lam gdi (dng n h i m t i n h k h a c h va chu ca
t h a y ba m a m ) tdi Iflng rd vfla ca trdi ta (trdi t r i n g ) , ca chep,
ca me (me ta), trdi digan... So' cdn lai p h i n kho, na'u, phan
dem chd b a n lay may. •.-,-,:
1. "Ti vet" con ca khong co vet sflt see bam tim... khong ti vet bieu
hien ca khong c6 benh.
188
Ong eat dat cdng viee, rdi ngfldi nao viee nay chuan bi cho
bfla cd dot tet.
La khach, d i u nam rdi rai nen chflng tdi de'n sdm de giflp
bd'con dng lam gdi; cung la de "giam sat" do an toan cua mdn
an ma nhflng ngfldi hay "lo xa" nhfl chflng tdi. Gid xem ra,
anh em chflng tdi chi dfldc lam chan "quan sat vien" thfldng
hang ma thdi. Ong bao con pha tra, dem ra gd'c cay Hi cam'
ngay ben ao de cflng udng nflde cho tien viec "chi dao" lam gdi
cua dng.
Rd ca ban nay da dflde rfla sach bang nflde gieng, sau dd
la eac thao tae lam ca, thai gdi t u i n tfl. Nhflng viee ay, con
trai, con re dng nhfl da thudc ldng. Ca dfldc danh sach vay,
chat het vay vi, md bung, moc bd het mang, rudt ca va
mang ca rdi rfla b i n g nflde mud'i (20%), lau khd b i n g gia'y
bao hoac giay tham. Mdi con dfldc bao gdi gifl cho khd, cho
sach. Sau, dung dao phay mdng lfldi va sac, lang lay thit ea,
xfldng va d i u ca bam nhd de lam nhan me. Thit ca dfldc fldp
bdp vdi nflde chanh qua hoac nflde rieng khoang 5 den 10
phut, vat kiet nflde rdi lay bao hoac gia'y tha'm gdi lai chd
thai gdi.
Ong Dfldng ngdi udng nflde cung chflng tdi va chi dao cho
cac con Iam, chd nao khdng flng y, dng b i t Iam lai. Ca da
dfldc lang, fldp, gdi xong, dng bao con nghi tay udng nflde rdi
mdi cho thai ca.
Ong e hem - nhfl vi chu toa - rdi cham rai:
2. "Lai cam": cay hong xiem,ngiicfi Kim Sdn goi la cay lai cam.
189
Cong cu thu cong truyen thd'ng danh bit thuy hai san.
Mieng ea gdi phai mdng va dai. Khdng dfldc thai ngan. N g a n

thi vun. O n g giang giai: t h a i v u n lam n a t ca, n h i n k h d n g dep
m i t , g i p lai r a t khd. Da nat, da khd thi m a t ngon. M a t ngon
thi m a t vui. Va, ket lai: nhd chfla?! Ong n h i n con t r a i va
c h a n g re d a n g d m dao chflng nhfl "quan triet" trflde k h i vao
k h a u t h a i ca gdi. Nhfl chdt nhd ra, dng tiep: "Nhd p h a i vfla
t h a i vfla l a n g t h i t de bd da ca k h d n g cd dai". . ,• ^•-tK.'-
Ca hai ngfldi con dng deu: "vang" va bat d i u thai ca. Tay dao
p h a y d a t n g h i e n g cheo lfldn ca. Nhflng mieng lfldn ca mdng
va dai, t r i n g v a n g nhfl t a m m a t ong t a m t a p b a t ra. Ong
n h i n h a i dfla con mot t r a i , mot re b a n g cai n h i n hai long va
m i m efldi. Loang mot cai t h i t ea da t h a i xong. Anh con dem
t r d n deu vdi tdi va mi chinh (tdi nfldng, dap va b a m nhd) rdi
gdi b i n g giay bao sach va khd chd trdn thinh. .
Su chu todn khong diing d dd.

Deed goi dn cdn cd thinh, cd me.
Gid dng mdi hdi cd eon d a u ea la da cd t h i n h chfla! Lung
tflng, cd con d a u ca hdi lai dng: "Da, thfla bd', r a n g t h i n h hay
m u a a?"
M a t dng dd len, tha'y chflng tdi nhin, dng h a giong nhflng
v a n r a n h rot: "Rang!". Rdi q u a y s a n g chung tdi dng tiep:
"Minh lam la'y thi ngon hdn. T h i n h gdi lam b i n g gao hoac
ngd. T h i n h lam b a n g gao ngon hdn. Gao r a n g v a n g de nguoi
cho vao ed'i gia nhd. Nghien cung dfldc nhflng nhd qua an
khdng bfli b i n g gia. T h i n h gia cdn to, tha'm khd dfldc lau, an
lai bui cung la each gdp t h e m cho vi cua gdi ea, bui m a khdng
a n a t vi m a t cua ca." . . .
190
Thinh chi trdn deu vdi ca gdi trflde khi an. Nd lam cho ca
tdi va rdi.
An gdi khdng ed me khdng goi la an gdi nfla. An gdi ca
khdng cd me chua, an mat ngon. Nau me cung phai dflng
each. Ong bao cd con dau mang vai me de trong bep ra cho
dng xem.
Trong khi chd, dng ndi vdi chung tdi: Tdi phai "rfl"' nd tfl
trong Tet "de rinh"^ cho de'n hdm nay. De cho nd nga'u ma
khdng khfl, khdng di tdi lay rieng eu thai lat bd vao. Bd rieng
vao me, me chua ngot va rat thdm. Cflng dd, cd con dau mang
vai me den, dng md ra. Qua that la mot vai diy, vang ong
nhfl cai rfldu, chua ma diu thdm. Ong bao con: Con dem danh
nhuyen rdi lay rd loe lay hot, bd cai me di, dun sdi rdi bd xfldng
ca da bam nhd vao ma dun cho that ki.
Ong cdn ndi vdi theo:
Hdi em xem d xfldng ea da cd hanh, dt chfla. Neu chfla thi
phai bd vao. Cho mud'i nfla. Nhd dflng bd dam, nhat mot ehflt,
ai mud'n thi them mud'i khi an con a.
Thing Hai dau, la thdm da hai du cha?
Da du rdi a! - Thing Hai nhanh nhau thfla - Chung con
hai, chi da rfla sach, de rao nflde rdi a.
1. "Rfl" la li cdm v6i cai me de cdm len men thanh me. Ngiidi dan
que nha't la cac viing ven bien thUdng dflng me de na'u canh chua
(nau giam) hoac lam me an goi tom, goi ca, goi nhech...
2. "Rinh" de rinh la danh lai de diing cho mot viec nao do, cl mot thdi
diem sau do.
191
Dflde rdi! Ta chuan bi la vfla day - dng gat d i u ra hieu vdi

chung tdi!
Ong n h l c anh con ca dem ca trdn vdi thinh sap ra dia,
nhac con dau muc me ra bat td mdi mam hai bat de hai ben,
anh re thfl lam mdi mam mot dia mudi t r i n g cd them dt tfldi,
hanh thai cdn tfl minh thi bdc bdc, xep xep cac loai rau thdm.
Vfla lam, dng vfla ndi vdi chflng tdi:
Cai anh rau thdm nay la vi thud'c "dac hieu" eua mdn ca
sd'ng day eac anh a.
La md tam the, la dinh lang, kinh gidi, tia td, ra'p ca, la
sung, qua sung, chud'i xanh (qua), ngd thdm, rau hflng cac
loai..., hanh dt, rieng cu, tdi (cu)... deu la vi thud'c nam ta ca.
Ong xoe ra cho chung tdi xem rdi bdc bd cho mdi mam ba, bd'n
eu tdi to. An rieng thi khd an, vay ma hdp chflng lai vdi nhau,
an vdi gdi ca thi ngot, mat, lam hfldng nhieu vi. Mfla he oi
ndng ma ed gdi ca thi "doe nha't de vfldng" dd.
Cd mot thfl khdng the khdng ndi de'n khi an gdi ca la rfldu.
Rfldu nep, rfldu trang, nut chud'i na'u b i n g gao nep cai hoa
vang, t r i n g va thdm, men la men ta va bing nflde ao d Lai
Thanh - Kim Sdn. Ud'ng vao ngot em, qua cd hong la ndng
nan lan toa. Ong bao con lay mdi mam mot chai, thieu thi lay
tiep. Rfldu dng khdng thieu!
Ta't ca chung tdi cflng ngdi quanh mam cd. Cai dn ao tfl
nhien lang xud'ng. Rfldu da ra chen. Moi ngudi cung chen
chuc cho gia dinh manh khoe, lam an tan tdi. Rdi nhat, xep,
gip, gdi, ed du moi loai la thdm, cd ea gdi, cd me... mieng gdi
192
vfla kheo khdng qua to de phai "ed' gang" khdng qua nhd de
thay thieu thieu...
Sau mot hdp rfldu sdng sanh thdm ndng, la mieng gdi vfla
chat, chua, man, dang, vfla ngot ngao mat me. Chflng boa vao
nhau lam nen cai hfldng vi cfla ddng que sdng nflde que hfldng.
Hfldng vi binh di ay khien ldng ta nao nao...
Tieng xuyt xoa bdi vi cay eua dt, vi ngot cua ca, thdm ndng
eua me, cua rfldu day dd cd hd de bung ra nhflng tam sfl ddn
nen thanh dn ao ngay sau dd.
An gdi khdng an mot minh. "Che tam tflu tfl", an gdi ddng
mdi vui. Rfldu vao nhdi ra! Trong bfla gdi dot tet hdm nay chflng
tdi dn lai ki niem khd, khd mudi mam, lay ldi ngay xfla rdi den
chuyen hdm nay. Toan la chuyen vui ngay Tet, chuyen tham
hdi, chuyen an Tet ddng vui d que day, que dd, chuyen hoc hanh
cua con chau, xay nha cua anh Sdn, mua xe cua thing ca... Ai
cung tha'y cd chiing dam nam nfla se cdn kha len trdng thay.
Ong Dfldng nhap mot nhap rdi quay sang tdi: cai khoan 10
nay the ma hay! Nd gd ra dfldc nhieu thfl. Dan cd an, de lam
hdn, dd sau mot. Day cfl nhfl cai ao dim cho dau thau thi rd.
Ca ra ea, tdm ra tdm, chang ai thflc ma dau ra day. Nha lau,
xe may khdng cdn la md mdng vien vdng nfla. Day anh xem
dfldng tfl cd'ng Ba Xuyen' ra Doan 500^ den ddn bien phdng
1. Cong Ba Xuyen nam tren true kenh tieu nU6c nim song song v6i
de Con Thoi (con goi la Binh Minh 1) tai diem nha ba Xuyen noi
de Con Thoi v6i con dUdng ra Doan 500.
2. Doan 500 la ten goi bo chi huy cong trUdng quai de Binh Minh 2
(thanh lap thang 9 - 1980).
193
Cdng cu thu cdng truyen thdng danh bit thuy hai san..
104' hdi anh d day lau say bat ngan, gid nha l i u moc len cd
kem gi thi tran, thi xa. Nay mai, gidi cho, s i m xe hdi nfla
khdng chflng! Ong bam hd: Nao mdi cae anh ta can chen,
chflc cho nam mdi thang ldi. Ndi rdi dng ngiia cd len gidi,
danh fle mot cai udng can chen rfldu thdm ndng. Mat dng dd
hdng, m i t nhin xa xam ve phia be sang len. Ong nhin chflng
tdi, nhin vd con, nhin ma'y dfla chau, nhin ed ngdi ma dng
dang ed.
Ldng dng that la sung sfldng!
Gdi ea la mdn an dan gian cua ddng nflde Kim Sdn bao ddi
nay. Nd la mdn an dfldc che bien tfl san pham danh bat va
nudi trdng eua ngfldi dan. Cai hfldng vi ngot mat va am ndng
cua que hfldng trong mieng gdi nhfl lan ra menh mdng...
Tfl biet dng ra ve, ldng that thanh than, chflng tdi phdng
xe tren eon dfldng khdng edn d ga, d trau nhfl nhflng ngay
xfla nfla...
CAC SAN PHAM CHE BIEN TIT CON TOM
Ddng rudng, sdng bien Ninh Binh ed ba loai tdm chu yeu.
Mot la tdm tra, hai la tdm rao, ba la tdm vang.
- Tdm tra d dau cung cd. Tdm tra sd'ng d mdi trfldng nflde
ngot va nflde Id. Tdm tra la loai tdm tfl nhien. Ngfldi Ninh
Binh phan tdm tra thanh hai loai: tdm tra va tdm trflng. Tdm
tra la tdm dfle, d i u ra't to, cang cai Idn, chan to, gai nhon.
1. Don 104 la don bien phong so 104 tai cfla Day thuoc xa Kim Dong.
194
rau den va dai, than nhd, thit ehle, vd cflng, toan than cfldng
trang nhfl mot chang luc si. Tdm trflng la tdm cai "mang biu"
nang ne nhUng ehle chin. Tdm trflng dfldc cac ba ndi trd rat
quy men.
- Tdm rao la tdm tfl nhien, sd'ng d vflng nflde Id mam Kim
Sdn, mot phin eua Yen Nhan, (Yen Md) Khanh Cdng, Khanh
Thuy.. (Yen Khanh) va cac eon sdng nhfl sdng Day, sdng Can,
sdng Vac... Tdm rao cd dang cua tdm he, tdm hflm nhflng nhd
con thit chac va thdm, nhieu dam va lanh tinh. Tdm rao ed
the nudi d dim bai Cdn Thoi - Binh Minh. Tdm rao sd'ng d cac
thflng vung, ddng Ily thut ed nhieu nflde ra vao tfl nhien.
Tdm rao cung cd tdm ddng, tdm bai. Ngfldi ta phan ra each
goi ay la can cfl vao chat Ifldng cua tdm. Tdm ddng beo, ehle,
thdm thit, ngot va nhieu dam an ngon hdn tdm bai cd le do
mat do tdm mau thfla cua tdm tren vflng da't va chat Ifldng
thflc an khac nhau. Ngfldi ta nhan biet hai loai tdm nay rat
dl dang qua mau sac eon tdm. Dai the la the nay: Tdm ddng
thfldng ed mau nau, nau den hoac xanh den. Toan than sam
chac, khoe khuin, nhay bong; tdm bai thfldng cd mau nau
trang nhat, toan than nau trong, mem nhat (ngfldi ta goi la
tdm dp).
- Tdm vang la loai tdm sd'ng d bai bien Cdn Thoi - Binh Minh
con nhd va dai, mau t r i n g vang, gai d d i u to dai va nhon,
rau dd hdng, ed nhieu trflng vao khoang cudi thu diu he.
d Ninh Binh ra't it tdm he va tdm hum (cd the coi la khdng
cd). Gin day ngfldi ta dfla mot sd' loai tdm mdi cua trong va
ngoai nflde den nudi d cac dim trong va ngoai de bao Binh
Minh I va khu nudi tdm cdng nghiep Kim Trung nhfl tdm he
195
Cdng cu thu cong truyen thdng danh bit thuy hai san..
chan trang cua Nam My, tdm cang xanh, tom su... cua mien
Nam nhflng ehua the ndi gi nhieu vi day cung chi la bUdc dau
thfl nghiem va ket qua chfla dn dinh.
San pham che bie'n tfl con tdm cua Ninh Binh cung kha da
dang. Chflng tdi ehi xin gidi thieu nhflng san pham cd tinh
"dan gian" ma ngfldi dan Ninh Binh che bien tfl con tdm san
pham lao ddng cua minh de tfl nang cao chat Ifldng bfla an
hang ngay cua minh de cae ban tham khao them.
1 - M a m torn: d Ninh Binh cd hai loai mam cflng dfldc goi
la mam tdm nhflng nguyen lieu, each che bien, thdi gian che
bien de cd dfldc mam khac nhau. Dd la mam tdm iam tfl con
moi cd mau tim sam dflng de an bfln dau phu, cham thit
chd... va mam tdm iam tfl con tdm tra la mam tdm ehua cd
mau dd hdng (nhfl mam tep chua) dung de an rau sd'ng, cham
rau luoc... nhfl mam tep chua. Tdm tra rfla sach, de rao nflde,
gia nhd vdi mud'i (ti le mot mud'i ba tdm), cdm nguoi (tac dung
lam men cho chua va cho mam cd mau dd hdng) hoac chao
gao (neu khdng kip ed cdm ngudi), ddng vao hu, vai (neu it)
eong vd (neu nhieu) bit kin de chdng rudi bo, phdi nang tfl 15
den 20 ngay thi cd the dung dfldc. De bao quan lau, ngfldi ta
ddng vao chai de d ndi thoang mat. Khi an, ngfldi ta chflng
nhfl chflng mam tep ehua, cho them la gflng tfldi hoac gflng
cu dap va thai nhd. Day la thfl m i m dfldc ngUdi Ninh Binh
rat Ua dung.
2 - Ruo'e tom: Tdm tra, tdm rao deu ed the lam dUde rude.
NhUng Iam rud'c tdm ngUdi ta thudng dung tdm rao vi tdm
rao nhieu thit, de lam va Iam nhanh hdn tdm tra. Caeh lam
rud'c tdm kha ddn gian ai cung iam dUde, nguyen lieu lai di
196
kiem, thich hdp vdi moi lfla tudi, de dflde lau khi biet each
bao quan.
Tdm chao qua nflde sdi, dd ra, de ngudi, bdc sach vd, bd chan
diu, dudi. Toan bd thit tdm dflde gia dap, fldp vdi nflde mim
chfldp ngon, mud'i rang nghien nhd, mi ehinh, hot canh (ehflt
nflde gflng cang td't) mfldi lam de'n hai mfldi phflt thi dem cho
vao chao xao vfla dfl khd. Sau khi xao vfla du khd thi dem gia
lai nhfl gia rude thit rdi xao that khd la dfldc. De bao quan
dung dfldc lau, ta dem ddng vao lo, hop day kin de d ndi
thoang mat.
3 - Canh tom:
Rdu tom ndu vdi rudt bdu,
Chdng chan vd hup gdt ddu khen ngon.
(Ca dao Viet Nam)
Tdm hoac dau, cang... tdm dem gia, loe va na'u nhfl na'u
canh cua rdc thi cd mdn canh tdm. De canh tdm ngon hdn, ta
nen cho them mam tdm (Iam tfl eon moi), canh ed mfli thdm
va nflde canh ngot hdn an ha'p d i n hdn.
4 - Tom h a p (sa h o a c c h a n h ) : Che bie'n mdn an nay
khdng khd khan, ai cung lam dfldc, am ngon, lanh nhieu
dam. Nd la mdn an dae san eua vung ven bien Kim Sdn. Tdm
dflde dflng de che bien mdn an nay la tdm rao. Con tdm rao
du tieu chuan xua't khau la tfl 50 den 60 con/mot kg. Nen
dung loai tdm nay de hap sa hoac bap la chanh.
Tdm rao rfla sach, dat tren la chanh hoac la sa cua vi ndi
ha'p. Tren cung cung cd mot ldp la sa hoac la chanh. Day vung
197
kin, dun sdi de'n khi tdm chin la dflde. Tdm chin bing bdi
nflde cd hfldng chanh hfldng sa rat thdm, thit tdm chin ma
khdng ma't chat nen an rat ngon, bd va ai cung dung dfldc.
5. Tom bdc n o n phofi k h o : Tdm bdc phdi khd la mot each
ehe bien va bao quan thflc pham tfl eon tdm ed tinh flu viet
cao. Khi dflng, ngfldi ta cd the rim vdi nflde mam thanh mdn
an mam, gia nhd de na'u canh, ngam vdi nflde ndng cho nd
cang, gia hoac bam, danh vdi trflng va thit bam nhd lam cha
ran, cho them mien, mde nhi, hanh khd gdi banh cha ran len
thanh cha da (cdn goi la nem Sai Gdn), nghien nhd thanh bot
pha vdi hot gao, hot dau... quay bdt cho tre nhd...
Ngoai ra, tdm edn che thanh tdm rang (d Yen Md, khi rang
tdm ngfldi ta cdn cho nflde ghem an dam va thdm), gdi tdm,
tdm nhflng...
Tdm la loai thflc pham tfldi sdng, an toan, nhieu dam, lanh
tinh va cd mat thfldng xuyen trong cac bfla an hang ngay ciia
ngfldi dan Ninh Binh.
Ngfldi Ninh Binh biet che ra cdng cu de danh b i t lai biet
ehe bie'n san pham danh bat dflde thanh nhflng mdn an de tfl
nang cao cha't Ifldng bfla an hang ngay. Day la thdi quen tfl
nhien, cung la each thflc trong cudc sd'ng eua ngfldi Viet Ninh
Binh mudn vfldt qua khd khan lam ehu ddi sd'ng eua minh.
Nd la y chi tfl Iflc tfl cfldng vd'n la truyen thd'ng tot dep ciia
ngfldi Viet ta.
198
CHU'ONG VI
LC)I KET
1- Que hiidng va eon ngvidi Ninh B i n h

Ninh Binh la tinh nhd d vflng ddng bang Bac Bd, nam tren
true dfldng giao thdng Bac - Nam cd du ddi rflng, nfli non,
sdng nflde hd dim, hang ddng "De nhi", "De tam" nflde Nam,
khien cho bao chang thi si ngln ngd mong den lai khd ve, cd
ddng bang tru phfl "nui vang" va bien tuy khdng qua dai va
qua rdng nhflng cung du "man mdi" cho cudc sdng bdm qua,
hdm nay va ea mai sau nfla; ed mot thdi La Vien chan nhan
de sdng bien Than Phfl cho thuyen vua ra tran dep giac
phfldng Nam, Dinh Tien Hoang De thau ca 12 sfl quan giang
sdn ve mot mdi kinh dd Hoa Lfl - Trang An md ra Ddng Dd -
Thang Long - Ha Ndi, Pham Than Duat, Pham Van Nghi vdi
Can Vfldng, Lfldng Van Thang, Ta Uyen, Lfldng Van Tuy vdi
phong trao da'u tranh yeu nflde dfldi sfl lanh dao eua dang
Cong San... ngfldi dan Ninh Binh quyet mot ldng di theo
Dang iam each mang danh Phap rdi chdng My toan thang
mua xuan 1975.
Da't nflde thd'ng nha't ddc lap "ngan nam vet nhue sach
lau" (Nguyin Trai) di len chu nghia xa hdi.
Da't khien ngfldi ngan ngd va ngfldi a'y lai lam cho:
199
Cong cu thu cdng truyen thdng uanu uai muy nai sail.
Anh nay con trai Hdi Phong,

Chay tdu Phi Ho' vdo trong Ninh Binh,
Thdy em thdp be md xinh,
Anh thudn nhdn tinh, anh ndm co tay.
Ndm roi anh hoi cd tay:
Ai nan nen trdng, ai xdy nen trdn ?
(Ca dao Ninh Binh)
Ninh Binh la mot p h i n nhd gdp vao pho sfl vang Dat Viet
ma mdi ngfldi chflng ta cd quyen tfl hao!
2 - Cong eu danh bat thuy hai san truyen thong vdi

dcfi song ciia ngiidfi dan Ninh Binh
Tfl Cue Phfldng - Nho Quan de'n Binh Minh, Kim Sdn,
dieu kien tfl nhien, dieu kien phat trien san xuat, dieu kien
KTXH, ddi sd'ng vat chat tinh t h i n cua con ngfldi vung mien
cd khac nhau song du ndng dan hay la tri thflc, du la ngfldi
Kinh hay ngfldi Mfldng, theo dao Thien Chfla hay dao Phat
van ludn d n cu chiu khd va sang tao trong lao ddng de xay
dflng cudc sd'ng mdi.
"Rdng vdng, bien bgc"! NgUdi Ninh Binh td nhiiu ddi dd
biet hudng ra bien de khai khdn ddt dai lap diin trcti, xdm
ldng, "an cU" md "lgc nghiep"!
Vang:
1. Tau Phi Ho la ten con tau chay tren song tif Hai Phong den cac tlnh trong
do CO Ninh Binh cua Cong ti van tai Bach Thai Budi thdi Phap thuoc.
200
Ldng d ddy mdi md

. , Khong tudng dd, cong xdy
Nhd chi todn mdi bdi
• Gid bien khdi thong thdc dem ngdy
, Ldng d ddy chUa cao rdp bdng cdy

Tre chUa bd bd, da ehUa tron tdn
TrUdc cda nhd menh mang ddng dng
,.,^ ; Mdu lua xanh ldn mdu cdi xanh.
Ldng d ddy khong ngo true ud'n quanh

Mat ao nhd cdng chUa bong sung nd
Khod bdn chdn gap phu sa dd
Tom cd sdm chiiu qudy sdng mat ao.
i TrUdc cda nhd siing sdng ddi de cao

Ddng song mdt ngdy hai sdc nUdc
Ldp hgc mdi ddn em riu rit
Phien chd chiiu la liet cd tdm.
Mdy cdy reo hoi hd tren ddng

Tieng sdng bien vdn dm i nhUggi
Cdy cdi xanh vUdt de ldn tdi
Ldng bien tiing ngdy vUdn mdi hUdng bien xa.
(VUdn xanh - Thanh Than)
Con gai Nho Quan, Gia Vien hat rang: 'Lay chong em vdn
vd vong" bdi vi cd lam thi mdi ed an. La tinh cd nhieu dat
ddng chiem trung, rudng sau, nhieu hd, dim, sdng ngdi lai ed
201
S! a ^ f! f.
bien, ngudn ldi t h u y hai s a n tU nhien la ngudn thiic p h a m cd

y nghia vd cung quan trong doi vdi ddi sd'ng cua ngfldi dan Ninh
Binh. Cdm - Ca - Rau la cdng thflc bfla an hang ngay cua ngfldi
dan. Rau khdng chi la r a u (rau luoc, r a u xao, r a u sd'ng...) cdn la
r a u canh (rau day canh cua, canh cai ca rd, canh ea tre rau
d n . . . ) Ca khdng chi la ca. Nd bao h a m cua, ea, dc, ech, lfldn
trach, tdm tra, tdm trflng tdm rao, tep ddng tep bai... Nd la san
pham cua sdng nflde, hd dam, bien lach ma eon ngfldi phai danh
bat, phai md m a m va ddi khi phai tra ca tinh m a n g mdi cd dfldc.
Ta khdng the khdng cam thdng vdi ndi niem cua cd gai ddng
chiem trung Gia Vien, Hoa Lfl dfl r a n g ndi niem ay cua cd lai
"that tha, cha't phae, t h u i n h a u " de'n "thang tudt":
Co em thUcfng di, thUdng ai,

ThUcfng anh ddnh gidm sdn hai qud cd!
(Ca dao vung Gia Vien Hoa Lu)
Day la cudc sd'ng t a t b a t cua d a n sdng nflde t h u y e n chai,

l a n g chai de mflu sinh:
Thuyin chdi go lUdi gd ddng

An cdm ndabUa chay nhdng cd ngdy.
(Ca dao vung Gia Thang, Gia Trung - Gia Vien)
Cung chinh quan niem ay nen ngfldi dan Gia Vien n h i n nhii:
Nui Dinh' ai ddp md cao?

Ngd ha Non Nudc? ai ddo md sdu?
1. Niii Dinh tUc la nui Bai Dinh thupe xa Gia Sinh, huyen Gia Viin.
2. Nga ba Non Nu6c la ndi gSp nhau ciia hai con song Day va song Van
Sang ngay chan nui phia tay - bic mii Non Nu6c thi xa Ninh Binh.
202
Mudn ddi no dm, cd gidu,

Phdi sieng ndng, chd ngoi cdu, ngoi xin.
(Ca dao vung Gia Vien)
Ngfldi d a n Ninh Binh sfl dung, d i tien cdng cu t h u cdng

tfl danh bat thuy hai san tfl nhien cai thien bfla an hang ngay.
De ca'y lua trdng khoai, eon ngfldi mot thdi "trdng trdi trdng
da't trdng may... " cho nen phai cham ehi:
Que ta ddng trdng nUdc trong,

Lda gao thi it rong reu thi nhiiu.
Ddn eon, con nhd lay diiu,
Mud'n no, muon dm sdm chiiu phdi chdm.
(Ca dao Ninh Binh)
Phai thflc k h u y a day sdm:
Nda dem gd gdy o, o

Chdng di! thdc day, lay gio' trdng ddnh^
Cd di thi di cho nhanh,
Neu md di chdm vdc ddnh vi khong.
(Ca dao vung La Phii, Ninh Khang, Hoa Lu)
1. Gio (co ndi gpi 1^ "tro", vimg Yen Mo gpi la "lo") bep dot tii rdm ra cay ciii...
2. Danh la mpt cong cu de diing dan bang tre kieu dan gio giong cai thung
nhUng khong co cap. Danh thUdng diing de ngam ma, ganh phan,
diing phan.
"Lay gio trang danh" nghia la lay gio bep lot xuong du6i day danh de
dung lay phan trau ve bon ruong cho phan khong bam vao danh viia
ban vita kh6 riia sach.
203
Cac cu ta xfla day r i n g : Con t r a u la d i u cd nghiep. Nghe

ndng, lam rudng phai ed trau. Con t r a u cai cay, cai bfla, quang
ganh, liem h a i la v a t dung g i n bd vdi ddi sd'ng s a n x u a t Ifla
nflde cua ngfldi d a n Viet ndi chung, d a n N i n h Binh ndi rieng.
Cai dang, cai dd, cai vd, cai chai... g i n bd vdi ddi sdng danh
b i t tdm ca... tfl lau ddi cua ngfldi d a n chai, ngfldi d a n Ninh
Binh. Nd la cdng eu, la phfldng tien danh b i t , la " d n cau cdm"
eiia khdng it gia dinh "ban m a t cho d a t b a n lflng cho trdi"
t r e n ddng rudng. H a n , flng, lu, l u t de'n sflu t h u e n a n g ne cua
"quan ta" rdi "quan Tay", ngfldi d a n du mot n a n g hai sfldng
v i n phai "bfla nay lo bfla mai". De'n ngay nay, nd van la phfldng
tien, la cdng cu d a n h b i t t h u cdng nhflng cd hieu qua va
khdng t h e t h i e u trong ddi sd'ng cua ngfldi d a n N i n h Binh.
NgUdi Ninh Binh biii tU che, biet sd dung cong cu thu,
cong mgt cdch sdng tgo de ddnh bdt cdc loai sdn phdm thuy
sdn phuc vu ddi sdng hdng ngdy cda minh. Cac cdng cu tfl
che la dang, dd, vd. Id, giam, te, ndm, lfldi, chai, cau, rui,
rui... tfl eac v a t lieu s a n cd m a tien d u n g nhfl tre nfla, gai
sdi... q u a n h n h a , d ddi rflng.
D a n g de ngan, ddn, chan tdm ca. D a n g lam tfl tre trdng 5

bd ao n h a nao cung cd, nfla d ddi rflng, cay say ngoai bai Cdn
Thoi (Kim Sdn) ven sdng Hoang Long (Nho Quan). Dang nfla
de cfldm dd loa, dd dflng; dang tre de dat dd hang, chan ngang
hay cudn de gifl, de lfla ca tdm loanh q u a n h nhfl vao t r a n dd
bat quai khdng cd dfldng ra phai vao bdng dd, vao gid dd; dang
say tudng mdng m a n h ma tUdi ben. Va, khi ki nghe p h a t
trien dang ludi r a ddi nhe ma thoang, t h a p eao dai rdng deu
do ta ea, hieu qua k h d n lUdng.
204
D a n g ludn dfldc ket hdp vdi dd. Dd cd dd loa bdp vdi ddng
chay m a n h de ke cfldm ngdi ldn, mfldng to. Vao ki mfla to gid
ldn t h a n g bay t h a n g tam, dat dd b a n g ngoai bai nflde len to
thi lut k h u a t , khi xud'ng can thi t h u gom tdm ca dem ve p h i n
thi de a n p h i n r a chd t h a n h h a n g hoa, t a n g t h u cho gia dinh;
dd hai hom b a t ca ngflde, tdm xudi d ruong ao, mfldng m a n g
quanh lang; dd tep d a t lfle chieu ta dd lfle vfla dem, ddn ca
con, tep dfla d rudng ma, m a n g mfldng khi dem len an m a u
an sfldng tren rudng, sang lui xud'ng ngdi sau de t r a n h nang;
dd chanh di tat; dd dflng dat d ngflde lan xudi ndi nflde chay
lflng Id, ca to ca nhd, tep tdm... vao ma khdng r a dfldc. D a n g
dd ket hdp Iam mot, t h a n h hang, ngflde xudi dai rdng, h a n g
trflde h a n g sau t i n g ldp "cfla sinh" cung la "cfla tii", vao ma
khdng dfldng ra. T h a t la h u y e n dieu.
Dang dd, vd chai. Chang p h a i la t h u a n mieng ma t h a n h

ldi! Vd keo chai quang. Vd ed vd to, vd nhd. Vd nhd thi keo tay
danh ca trong ao, keo d mfldng ngdi, m a n g nflde lay ca rd ca
riec, ca chud'i, rdi, trdi... M u a mfla t h a n g bay nflde t r a n ddng
vd k6o tdm rao tdm tra, cua ram... Nflde sdng vao ddng, tdm
cua ngflde r a sdng, keo chdm b a n dem, keo em sang sdm;
sdng sau nflde ldn, cd vd be leu trdi mfla khdng fldt, bai rdng
nflde to ed vd be ludng xa, gan deu tien, d n thi nghieng ddn,
hdt nhfl te, keo d t nhfl vd, d n nfla thi chup de md b a t con
nao t h a con nao cfl tuy lfla chon. Kbi di chan d bai sdng,
ngfldi Yen Md dung vd lam ray hflng ddn, cang chd ca nhay.
Nhay vao da khd, vao rdi khdng the ra. Vd ea, vd tdm ea vd
tep. Loai nao dd a'y. Vd tdm keo d d i m ao bd cd chieu tdi n h a
n h e m h a y dem t r a n g sang, vd tep keo d ruong vao thdi lfla
205
Cdng cu thu cong truyen thdng danh bit thuy hai san.
cdn con gai, hay d bd mfldng Iflc chieu ve. Mdi cho tdm tdp la
cam rang cho ehflt me thdm.
Chai thi chup keo, te day thi hflng ddn, dun, lfldi thi qu6t
vay, tha d rudng; d mfldng thi ludi nam lUdi ba, sau nhU Ddng
ChUdng, Yen Quang, d i m Cflt, sdng cai... cd lfldi 10, lfldi ba
man. Nflde can thi nam ba mfldi phan, sau ea met den hai,
t i m nao lfldi ay. Ca to mat to, ea nhd mat vfla. Gin thi dflng
tren bd, xa sau thi dflng thuyen nan thuyen gd, nem quang,
keo. Tha lfldi xong ngdi tren thuyen nhe dap denh sdng nflde,
gd vao man thuyen hay pheng pheng dudi ca. Nhieu ea tdm
cua cd gid, vit de dflng, thflng thuyen de sdng nhdt cho tfldi,
an ngon ban dfldc gia.
Dan ddng chiem Yen Md, Gia Vien danh ea bing ndm, dan
Kim Sdn chi quen dung cup. Ndm cup dung de up chup. Cup
chdm, vfldn xa, flp rdng. Lam me ldn, danh dan da cd dap.
Lfldi cup, lfldi dap mem mai ma dai ben, gong cup gong dap
cflng cap, ca nao cung khd pha. Ngay tfl ngay tet danh ca ran
kho. Chi can vd tay, cai cup hay ndm la du. Ddng chiem lam
rong reu, beo ngd lay rui de ma dun tep tren ddng, lay rui hdt
hat trong mfldng, trong vung, rong beo dat ra, chi tep vao rui
vao rui, sach va tfldi de phdi khd dfl trfl, lam m i m chua an
ngay, mam nen de danh den ngay tet, ngay gid vfla ngon bd
lai lanh. O ddng be (Kim Sdn) ao dim sach se danh tep bing
vd (vd tep) khi sang hay chieu hdm, bing riu lfldi nhe ma
thoang lfle sang dem hoac d i u dem khi ga vfla mdi len
chudng. Mdi ndi mdi each, mdi vung mdi tuc, khac nhflng
hieu qua.
Cai can cua ngfldi dan la hieu qua.
206
Mudn cd ca thi di cau, mud'n an canh cua di mde ma, dao

hang hoac di danh giam. Cau cd cau phao tre con ngfldi ldn
deu quen dflng b i t ca rd rang rim mam tep, ran na'u canh
dfla chua, cau ea chud'i de om, hap, xao d n , na'u chao. Cau
vflt cau chflm, cau giang, cau cam ...ca to va ngon. Cau de
kiem cdm an, cau cdn la cai thu vui chdi tao nha cua cac bac
Nho gia "Mot mai, mot cud'c, mot d n cau" nhfl Ninh Td'n da't
Cdi Tri, nhfl Lao Vong dm d n ngim Thin Phu - Chinh Dai
Iflc bien lang gid yen va canh chflng khi sdng cdn bai trflde.
Ngfldi Gia Vien, Nho Quan dflng cai giam de danh eua,
tdm, cao trai, cao hen, danh ea ddn ddi, danh thanh hang, mot
hoac hai, danh ngang, danh quay vdng, quay trdn vfla ddng
vui nhfl hdi vfla hieu qua. Ngfldi Yen Md dung giam de
chan ngflde, ddn xudi, md ddn md ddi, danh cay ve lam mam,
danh cua ve nau canh. Danh, dung giam nhd, md chan dflng
giam to cd hom de tdm ca khdng ra, cd coc de giam khdng ndi,
trdi, dd.
Bien rdng, bai lay, cung dang dd vd chai te lfldi a'y, ngfldi
dan bien Kim Sdn td chflc danh b i t cd quy md hdn dfl r i n g
quy md ay cung mdi ehu yeu "gdi" trong pham vi gia dinh, bd
bai. Dang la dang dai, dd la dd hang. Tdm ea nhieu cho vao
ddng lanh chuyen thanh hang hoa di xa len huyen len tinh
sang tinh ngoai, cdn nfla thi phdi, chfldp mim lay mim rflt
cha'm gid an ngay tet, lay mam chfldp cham rau, tra ndi them
hfldng vi dam da cho mdn an hang ngay sang, trfla, chieu td'i.
Te dun dat tren thuyen khoe ngfldi chu ddng trong di chuyen
khi nflde trieu cfldng hay rdng can. Day d efla lach (cfla Day)
efla sdng (cfla Can) cung la day ldn.
207
Cdng cu thu cong truyen thdng danh bit thuy bai san...
"Thang chin ddi mUdi, t h a n g mfldi mflng n a m " da cd sam

rUdi, n h i n mdng m a n h ma lay rfldi ta rfldi t a n xao r a n , nfldng
cha, lam m i m thdm ngon. M i m rfldi Yen Ve (Yen Khanh)
ndi tieng mot thdi dem vao k i n h de ngfl tien.
Cdng cu d a n h b i t ea tdm cua N i n h Binh ke cung khdng
t h a t n h i e u nhflng "quy hd tinh". Dieu q u a n trong la ngfldi
N i n h Binh biet che r a cdng eu de dung, biet cai tien cho thich
flng vdi lfla tudi, hoan canh, tap quan cua vung mien, den dieu
kien sdng nflde ao hd rong hep ndng sau... de dung. N h a t la
bao gid cung chfl y den hieu qua, de'n gia tri k i n h te cua danh
b a t va s a u dd la nudi trdng t h u y h a i san.
Cai cam chudt de d a n h chudt ma t h a n h cam d a n h ca nae.
Ca nae cam la ea da chet, k h d n g de dfldc lau, khdng mang di
dflde xa, de fldn t h i re, fldn cho cung khdng lay (cd lay chi de
ehan nudi). T r u m d a n h ea rd t a n ddng chiem trflng Nho
Quan, Gia Vien dfldc t h u nhd lai t h a n h trflm d a n h ca nae cl
bai bdi Kim Sdn. "Sap" rdi m a ea v a n sdng (nhay nhfl hoa),
van tfldi mot hai, ca ba ngay... theo t a u xe di xa.
Cai lfldi ben chang ban. Thfldng la bd'n, nam den tam mfldi
mot met eao. Vay ma cd lfldi ben "ba man" d Ki Phfl, Nho Quan
eao tdi m e t rfldi h a i met chia de'n ba t a n g d a n h b i t de dflng
d a n h ea d hd d i m nhfl hd Ddng Chfldng. Neu khdng "muc sd
thi" chang ai ed t h e tin la cd t h a t .
Cai ndm flp ca tfl B l e vao N a m ai cung biet. NhUng tfl cai
ndm t h a n h cai cup thi khdng p h a i d d a u cung r a n h . Chiec vd
t h i n ma dng T r i n Hdng va An Viet Dam (xem d p h i n p h u
luc) ke trong h u y e n thoai "Chiec vd t h i n " qua la linh dieu
208
Mai Dfle Hanh - Dd Thi Bay
nhflng cung chi de'n t h a vd, cat vd, dfldc nhieu ea, mang lai
ddi sdng d i y du cho con ngfldi. Cai cup cua ngUdi Kim Sdn
cdn "linh dieu" hdn. Cup vfla flp, chup nhfl ndm, d t nhfl vd,
ddn hflng nhfl te, nhfl xiee lai chdm khi d a n h chan, re ddn
chup ma ndm ma vd te xiee chac khdng Iam dfldc.
Giam d ddng chiem, cup d Kim Sdn d a n h mot, md ddi, rdi
td chflc nam bay chiec, t h a n h doan hai ba chuc cai dan h a n g
ngang t i n g ldp trflde sau, quay trdn ddn chan rdng nhfl hd
dam, bd bai ven bien, dai nhfl sdng ngdi deu dfldc. Caeh d a n h
bat ay khdng phai ndi nao cung cd dfldc.
Vdi ngddi ddn Ninh Binh thi "Cdi khd Id edi khdn". Nhdng
cong cu ddn gidn md cdc ki hieu qud dy Id sdn phdm vdt chdt
vd sdn phdm tinh thdn id gid cua con ngddi Ninh Binh. O dd
CO mo hoi nddc mdt vd cd mdu nda cua bao ddi, bao ngddi dn
chda trong cdi tho rdp gidn di den rdt binh thddng dy. Nd Id
tinh yeu cudc sd'ng sdu dam cda ngddi Ninh Binh md chung
ta cdn phdi trdn trgng vd gin gid.
Chi khi nao biet yeu cudc sd'ng, gan bd t h a thiet vdi m a n h
dat ma minh yeu thfldng, con ngfldi mdi lao dong sang tao,
mdi cd cai "Id" dd. (Ong Che Lan Vien da chang ndi la: "Khi
ta d chi la ndi da't d, khi ta di dat da hoa t a m hdn", la cai tinh
dat cua ngfldi!) Dd la cai "Id" cua nhflng con ngfldi khdng biet
sd gian khd, cai "Id" cua k h a t vong sd'ng dep sd'ng td't. Khat
vong ay t h a t gian di nhflng dep nhfl huyen thoai, cd tfch.
Mdi ngfldi dan Ninh Binh ludn nhac nhau:
H Em di! Anh bdo cm hay:
Mudn gidu em phdi cdy cdy sieng ndng.
209
Cong cu thu cdng truyen thdng danh bat thuy bai san.
Va khic sau trong long:

Non song to phu dgy rdng:
Cda ta, ta phdi chung long ddng xdy.
(Ca dao Ninh Binh)
3. Ket help t r u y e n t h o n g va h i e n d a i siJf d u n g eong cu

d a n h bat, nuoi t r o n g t h u y h a i san t r o n g chien Ixidc phat
t r i e n k i n h te n o n g n g h i e p n o n g t h o n ciia N i n h Binh
3.1. Muc tieu phan da'u cua Ninh Binh trong nhflng nam
tdi la thflc hien cd ca'u trong (GDP) ndng nghiep la 39% (2005),
ha ti le ddi ngheo xud'ng dfldi 7% (2005) va dat mflc binh quan
eua eac tinh ddng b i n g sdng Hdng.
Vi vay nhiem vu trong tam la "Tao bfldc chuyen bien mdi
va vflng ehle ve chuyen dieh ed ca'u kinh te, nang cao hieu
qua va nang Iflc canh tranh eua nen kinh te. Tap trung day
manh xua't k h i u trflc tiep, xuat khau lao ddng va thu hut
d i u tfl..." tren cd sd thflc hien ddng bd "6 nhdm giai phap"
trong dd "Phat ddng phong trao thi dua xay dflng canh ddng...
50trieu/ha nam... xay dflng va phat trien vung chuyen canh
san xua't hang hoa ldn trong dd cd nudi tdm sfl, nudi thuy
san vflng triing, xay dflng lang nghe, phat trien nghe trong
ndng nghiep, giai quyet viec iam, xoa ddi giam ngheo, xay
dflng ndng thdn mdi." Tap trung trien khai eac de tai flng
dung tien bd khoa hoc cdng nghe vao san xua't... thu hflt can
bd khoa hoe, can bd quan li... Xay dflng cac chinh sach thu
hut, khai thac tri tue, tai nang va cd'ng hien eua ddi ngu
can bo khoa hoc, can bo quan li... phuc vu phat trien KT - XH
cua tinh...".
210
Chflng tdi xin dUde them la "Trong dung ngUdi tai" (ngUdi
tai tfl ehinh sach thu hut).
3.2. De duy tri va phat trien cac nganh nghe danh bat thuy
hai san, Sd Ndng nghiep va phat trien ndng thdn can dieu
chinh, sip xep, td chflc mot each hdp li hdn n h i m khai thac
dam bao: vda ndng cao chdt lUdng ddi sdng hdng ngdy cua
ngUdi lao dgng, phdt trien vdng chdc vd hin vdng cdc ngdnh
nghi ddnh bdt, nuoi trdng, vda dng dung cong nghe nuoi
trdng, ddnh bdt, che bien tgi chd sdn phdm thuy hdi sdn xudt
khdu; khuyen khich eac td chflc, ca nhan trong va ngoai nflde
dau tfl, td chflc khai thac, ehe bien cd hieu qua cae san pham
thuy san (nflde ngot va Id mam) nha't la khai thac san pham
bien tgo nhiiu viec ldm vd tdng thu nhdp cho ngUdi lao ddng
dap flng yeu d u cdng nghiep hoa ndng nghiep va phat trien
ndng thdn ma tinh dat ra.
Ddi vdi nghe khai thac thuy san:

+ Tren ed sd nghe truyen thd'ng hien ed nhfl dang, lfldi,
dd vd... khai thac ngudn ldi thuy hai san tfl nhien... tiep tuc
phat trien cae hinh thflc nudi trdng thuy san nhfl nudi ca
ldng (sdng Hoang Long), ca hd d i m (hd Ddng Chfldng - Ki
Phfl, Nho Quan; hd Chudng, hd Ddng Chfla TXTD...), nudi
tdm cua d vung nflde Id mam Binh Minh 2, vung ngoai de
bao; nhan va phat trien md hinh Lfla - Ca (nudi tdm cang
xanh, tdm su, ca chim tring, rd phi hdng...) d canh ddng 50
trieu/ ha cua Nho Quan, Gia Viin, Yen Khanh, Kim Sdn cd
hieu qua tren pham vi toan tinh;
211
+ Chu ddng khai thac ngudn con gid'ng tfl nhien va san
xuat con gidng cd chat lUdng cao, gia thanh ha dam bao cung
d p cho san xua't tren dia ban tinh.
+ Diu tfl phat trien chfldng trinh "ehe bien", "bao tieu"
san phim cd tinh ben vflng d tren dia ban tinh, dn dinh "dau
vao" chu ddng "diu ra" cho ke hoach danh bat va nudi trdng
thuy hai san.
+ Ket hdp chat che, hdp li va khoa hoe gifla khai thac de
giai quyet viec lam cho ngfldi lao ddng; bao ve, duy tri, bd
sung va phat trien ngudn ldi thuy hai san, ban che eac
phfldng tien danh bat cd tinh buy diet (danh ca bing dien,
bang cha't nd, cac loai hoa cha't...) anh hfldng den mdi trfldng,
cac hinh thflc khai thac tap trung cd cfldng do khai thac cao
hoac cac phfldng tien danh bat khdng hdp li, khdng dflng
quy dinh.
+ Khuyen khich eac doanh nghiep tfl nhan d i u tfl vd'n,

d i u tfl cdng nghe san xuat cho nang sua't cao, nhat la diu tfl
cdng nghe che bie'n san pham tai chd, dam bao mdi trfldng
ben vflng; khuyen khich ba eon ndng dan danh bit, nudi trdng
va ehe bien san pham tfl ca nflde ngot tfl nang eao chat Ifldng
sinh boat vat cha't, cung d p nhflng san pham cd chat Ifldng
eao cho che bie'n xuat khau.
Ddi vdi nghe khai thac san p h i m bien (nflde mam).
Ninh Binh ed tiem nang nudi trdng danh b i t ven bd, da va
dang dfldc dau tfl phat trien thanh dae khu kinh te nhflng
khdng the khdng tan dung khai thac tiem nang danh b i t xa
212
bd tuy bien cua Ninh Binh khdng nhieu va khdng "giau ed"
n h u cac tinh ban. Ninh Binh da iam nhUng d quy md qua
nhd, hieu qua chUa cao, d i u tU ehUa hdp li. Day la van de d n
dUdc khao sat nghien cflu cac dieu kien td chflc k h a i thac va
hieu qua cd the cd dfldc de cd nhflng quyet sach thich hdp va
cd tinh "each mang" dot p h a de md ra hfldng di mdi cho khai
thac san p h a m bien mot "an sd d i y tiem nang" ma Ninh
Binh d n phai ed ldi "giai".
3.3. Vdi dieu kien tfl nhien r a t t h u a n ldi de p h a t trien du

lich van boa - d a n h thang, Ninh Binh cdn cd dieu kien de ket
hdp p h a t trien du lich sinh t h a i d cae tuyen Cflc Phfldng - hd
Yen Q u a n g - hd Ddng Chfldng; Kenh Ga - Van Long - D i m
Cflt; thi xa Ninh Binh - Sdng Day; Cd' dd Hoa Lfl - Tam Cdc
Rich Dong - sdng Hoang Long; Tam Diep - Hd Chudng - hd
Mua T h u - hd Yen Ddng - Bien Sdn; N h a thd P h a t Diem - Bai
bien k h u 4 Kim Sdn vdi eac h i n h thflc:
- T h a m thfl (danh t h i n g - v a n hoa - lich sfl) va d a n h bat
(cau, d a n h lfldi, q u a n g chai...)
- T h a m thfl (van hoa - Iich sfl), vui chdi giai tri va sinh
boat van hoa am thflc...
3.4. P h a t trien cae lang nghe truyen thd'ng, td chflc cac
hinh thflc sinh boat v a n hoa trong dd cd v a n hoa I m thflc
phuc vu khach du lich gdp p h a n gidi thieu da't va ngfldi N i n h
Binh, gidi thieu nhflng s a n p h a m cua dia phfldng, bao tdn
bao t a n g va p h a t trien cac nghe (nghe da, t h e u ren, may tre,
dd gd mi nghe...) truyen thd'ng, giai quyet viec lam, t a n g t h u
n h a p cho ngfldi d a n va ddng gdp xa hdi.
213
Sfl ket bdp nghe nudi trdng va danh b i t san pham tfl nhien,
sfl ket hdp cdng cu danh b i t thu cdng truyen thd'ng vdi cac
phfldng tien danh b i t bien dai la dieu bet sflc d n thiet va
nha't thiet phai lam de cd hieu qua cao trong nudi trdng va danh
bit. Dd la van de ma ngfldi Ninh Binh da lam nhflng cung la
va'n de edn tie'p tue dat ra dd'i vdi eac cap lanh dao va nhan
dan Ninh Binh trong sfl nghiep "chuyen dich cd ca'u kinh
te" ndng nghiep va ndng thdn d nhflng thap nien diu cua the
kiXXL
214
PHU LUC
215
I.
NGON NG0 CONG cu
DANH BAT THUY SAN
- Bdp la ddp. Ca chudi lao den ddp mdi nhanh manh, nflde
ban tung toe tao nen am 'bap" chac va gon.
- Bdm bdp mot dung eu lam bang ludng ed quai cam bang
cay song, may hoac day thep dung de danh giam cua, cay,
tdm ca...
- Cd bdng mot loai ea sdng d sdng, an chim. Ca bdng cd hai
loai: bd'ng mit mau den, minh trdn, ngan, xfldng mem, thit
thdm, an lanh va ca bd'ng trang mau trang nga hoac trang
nau tfldi, minh trdn, dau nhd va dai, thit thdm va lanh.
- Cd uc mot loai ca sdng d sdng, ed ba nganh, diu to bep,
da d sd'ng lflng mau xanh da, da bung mau trang, da trdn, an
d ting sau dfldi ldng sdng.
- Cd bb tfldng tfl ca fle nhflng to hdn.
- Cd chudi mot loai ea nflde ngot, sd'ng d nhiing ndi cd nhieu
rong beo, bui cay ram rap. Ca chud'i cd hai loai: chud'i hoa diu
nhd thon nhon, mieng rdng, minh thudn trdn, da cd hoa xanh
tring, nhieu thit it xfldng; chud'i sop da mau xam den, diu to
mieng rdng, m i t ldi it thit nhieu xfldng nhflng thit an thdm
va ngot.
217
Cdng cu thu cdng truyen thdng danh bit thuy bai san.
- Cd nheo loai ea gid'ng nhU ca tre cd hai nganh, dau bep,

da xanh reu sang da, trdn cd nhieu nhdt, ed van hoa xanh
trang, dudi det va dai, sd'ng d sdng.
- Cd mdng mot loai ca sdng d sdng, minh thon da mau
trang xanh da d sd'ng lflng, d i u nhon va venh eao, mieng
rong, rat hung dfl, hay an ca con.
- Cd ddng mot loai ca sd'ng d vung nflde Id man d sdng, cfla
sdng, bai bien, da mau nau dat nhat, d i u hdi bep, minh trdn,
thon, an ndi, thit mau vang nau, an thdm. -n M...
- Cd ddi loai ca sdng d vflng nflde Id mam ciia sdng Day,
sdng Can hay d bai bien Cdn Thoi. Ca ddi cd ba loai: ea ddi
xanh, dd'i t r i n g an mau nflde, thit vang thdm, cd nhieu trflng
va ca ddi da't an dat, an khdng ngon b i n g ea dd'i xanh va
ddi trang.
- Cd ndc chd mot loai ea nae da mau mim tdm xin, diu to,
mat ldi, dudi nhd ngln sd'ng trong hang d ven cac sdng. Khi
di chuyen thfldng nhay nen goi la ea nae chd.
- Cd nhdy \a mot boat ddng cua eac loai ea nhfl ca chep, ca
rdi, ea ddng, ca chud'i... de thoat than khi bi dang chin, bd
d i p chan cd lde cung la mot boat ddng de thoat than cua ea
rd, ca tre. Ca rd dung mang, ea tre dflng nganh de bam da't
day ngfldi len phia trflde de qua bd, qua dfldng... .• ,,,
- Cdn vd: d n vd la doan tre, hdp nhd, dai khoang 1,2 - 1,5m
dung de keo vd tdm, tep; goi la sao vd (sao vd la cay tre, hdp
dai 4 - 5m) khi dung de keo vd ca (vd tay, vd chup...); goi la
cang vd ddi vdi vd be (cang vd lam bang 4 cay ludng).
218
jtt
- I f .1 ^ /i^rti ! ' :\n> V Mai Dfle Hanh - Dd Thj Bay
- Cdy hop mot cay ho nha tre, moc d bd ao chan ddi, cay
thon nhd, cao tfl 3 den 5 met, it canh la, khdng ed gai, thfldng
dflng lam d n cau, dan rd ra, dd Id...
- Cdy gidng gidng mot loai cay nhd, dai, than mem moc
nhieu d ddi rflng Tam Diep, Cflc Phfldng dflng de lam quang
ganh, dan vit lam vit md ea, vit tay bat lfldn ech...
- Con (Cdn Thoi) bai da't phu sa, bai cat... ndi len d ven
sdng, bien. Cdn Thoi la cdn da't phfl sa gidng hinh eon thoi.
Ngfldi dan lay dac diem a'y goi ten cho khu dat nay, sau
thanh ten xa Cdn Thoi cua huyen Kim Sdn.
- CUdm mot kieu danh bat tdm ca bang dang nfla, dd loa d
sdng ngdi vao cae thang 7 thang 8 am lich.
- Chanh \a am doc chech cua thanh (thanh thoat). Dd chanh
la mot loai dd loa nan nhd, dan diy khdng lot tep nhflng
thoat nflde td't. Dd chanh dflng de di tat tep.
- Ddnh mot dung cu de dflng, dan bang tre, nfla cd hinh
trdn, cao 35 - 40 phan dfldng kinh khoang45 - 50 phan
thfldng dflng de ngam ma, dflng, beo, ganh phan...
- Dap dinh mot ddng tac cua ngfldi ngdi tren thuyen nan
nhd an lie ben nay, ben kia cua thuyen tao nen sdng nflde va
tieng ddng de dudi ca eua nhflng ngfldi danh ca tren sdng.
- Ddt ro, rd, dd dflng nan de ken dan nd'ng ba (vdi rd ra)
ndng ba nd'ng bd'n (dd'i vdi dd, sdi..) de gifl cho ehle khdng cho
cac nan xe dich, ben theo mot dang hinh cua dung cu nao dd
(dat rd, ra la dat me rd me ra, dat sdi Id...)
- Ddi tip dung rd, ra loai van rac, da't san ra khdi tep.
219
Cdng cu thu cdng truyen thdng danh bat thuy hai san
- Ddm la k h u dat rdng cd nUdc ngap tfl 7 - 8 t h a n g / n a m trd

len do sdng ngdi, hd bay t h u y trieu cung d p nflde, ed cac loai
cay cd nhd moc q u a n h n a m nhfl nan, lac, edi, say hoac su
vet... D i m nudi tdm d Cdn Thoi Kim Sdn, d i m Cut d Gia Hoa,
Gia Vien...
- Dap trong " d i p dap" la mot doan dfldng dap bang dat chan
ngang mot eon sdng, ngdi, mfldng khdng cho nflde chay qua.
- Ddng thdng la dang tre d u n g lam dang ngang chan, ngan
khdng cho tdm ea di qua; ddng gudn la dang tre hoac dang
nfla ngan udn (dang tre) cam (dang nfla) cudn vdng theo hfldng
nha't dinh cung vdi d a n g t h a n g de tdm ca d ngoai vao dd va d
trong thi k h d n g tim dfldc dfldng r a .
- Ddm trong "ddm dd" la dem dd dat d mot m a n g nflde nao
dd de cho ca khdng cdn ldi di. Mud'n di qua phai chui vao dd.
- Ddu ldu mot bo p h a n eua Id r a m , nhd trdn gid'ng hinh
cua cai d i u ngUdi n e n goi la d a u lau.
- Got (ea bdt) giai doan d i u tien gifl cae dieu kien de trflng
ca nd t h a n h eon cua quy t r i n h fldm ca gid'ng goi la ca hot.
- Gd (ca hfldng) gifl va nudi b a n g thflc a n dae biet nhfl
trflng ga, hot (nflde gao) de ca mdi nd t h a n h cd con (khoang
mot phan) goi la ca hfldng.
- Ucfm (ca gid'ng) tfl ea hfldng cham nudi t h a n h ea gid'ng.
Ca cd do dai kich d i u dudi tfl h a i p h a n rfldi trd len thi dfldc
coi la ca gid'ng.
- Gong nep la mot cai k h u n g vudng hoac chfl n h a t ddng
bang tre hoac gd d u n g de nep mieng dd loa cho vudng, cho
chac de dat cfldm d a n g d sdng, ngdi.
220
- Gio moi mdt bd p h a n nhd cua dau lau Id ram, dan b a n g

tre hoac nfla, d u n g de dUng mdi d a n h r a m .
- Gieng vd la bo p h a n day dUdc xe ket b a n g sdi gai hoac sdi
ni long to ben lam k h u n g nhdi bd'n canh cua vd be, cup (gieng
cup), day (gieng day) cua ludi quet (gieng ludi)... Neu la cua
vd tay, tdm vd tep cua ludi ben, te, xie'c ech goi la giem lUdi.
Giem te, giem xiee...
- Gidnh la p h i n d u n g de dii trfl khdng dfldc dflng ngay ma

dfl phdng de cho sau nay. Day la each d u n g cua ngfldi vflng
Yen Md, Yen Khanh; ngfldi Kim Sdn goi la de rinh.
- Guong eUdc mot bo p h a n cua d n cau gudng lam bang gd
tien trdn cd r a n h de qua'n gifl cfldc khi keo re mdi, tha cfldc
khi vflt mdi, d gifla khuyen Id trdn de lam tay d m .
- Ghim t r o n g "ghim tre" mdt cdng cu hd trd t r o n g d a n h
bat thuy s a n nha't la dung dang chan d m a n g c h i n lam b i n g
tre, hdp.
- Hdp (cay hop) mot loai cay thudc ho tre true, cay nhd t h i n g ,
it la canh, cd do d a n hdi td't, thfldng dfldc d u n g lam d n cau
ca chud'i, ehe n a n d a n cae d u n g cu nhfl dd Id, rd ra...
- Ke (ke cfldm) h i n h thflc dung cay tre. hdp lam t h a n h he
thdng coc, gia dd de cam dang, nep dd dang de dang dflng du
sflc chiu dflng ap Iflc cua ddng nflde chay va gio to trong he
thd'ng cfldm dang.
- Ken (ken dang) each lap ghep va gifl cac n a n dang song
song vdi n h a u theo mot cd m a u thfla n h a t dinh bang day xe
hoac day ben. D a n g dung de ehan, ke, cfldm dang dd.
221
- Keo re mot boat dong cfla ngUdi di cau ca, cau ech. Mdi
dUde nem ra xa rdi keo tren mat nUde, mat beo cai, beo tam,
ben mep nUdc... de nhfl cho ea, ech an mdi.
- Khuyen chi la vdn khuyen hinh sd' tam dd dfle bang chi
dung de lap vao d i u d n cau va rudn cfldc cua can cau vut,
cau chi.
- Loa (loa dd) bdng dd ed hinh cai loa cua anh linh
truyen tin.
- Md (ma ech) cai hang trfl eiia ech. Ve mua ddng, ech
thfldng tim cac Id eua bd khdng de vao trfl. Ld cua thfldng
nhd. Mudn vao ech phai choai, chui nen de lai dau nhan thin
hai ben va phia dfldi Id, mud'n n i m ech phai khoet rdng day
Id. Nd dung chan de quay dap dat thanh bun trao len mieng
Id tao thanh Idp bot tfldi mdi phu cfla Id. Bdt dat phu len
ngfldi, ech tru qua mua ddng. Ngfldi di bat ech dfla vao dd ma
tim ma bat ech.
- MUcfng (kenh) mot phfldng tien dfldc con ngfldi dao vet
sau hdn mat rudng, long rdng khoang 0,8 - 1,2m, hai ben cd
bd de dan nflde vao rudng qua cac mang hoac cdng nhd.
Ngfldi Ninh Binh goi la mfldng, ngfldi mien Nam goi la
kenh rach.
- Ndc (nfle rd...) mot hinh thflc keo, thit, budc cap rd, ra,
thflng, giu... de cap bam gifl chac me rd, ra, giu... bang may,
song. Nfle cd nfle ddn (mot vdng that budc) nfle ddi (hai vdng
that budc).
- Nhd la sdi day dfldc se bang gai (cay gai lam banh gai) dai,
ben, mem dung de Iam day cau hoac dflng de dan lfldi.
222
w^
- Ngoe thudc ho n h a ech, nhd, thfldng cd da m a u kem ea

phe, dui cd hoa m a u xanh t r i n g hoac xanh den, b u n g trang..
sdng d bd ao, rudng, an cac loai edn trung.
- Nhdi thudc ho chao chang, da xanh m a u la ma, minh
gly, e h a n nhd va dai, bung t r i n g , d i u nhon m a t ldi. Ngoe,
nhai dflng lam mdi cau ea chud'i r a t vfla hoac dflng de d a n h
cua r a m r a t tdt.
- Nhd (nhfl mdi, mdi nhfl...) nhfl mdi tfldng tfl nhfl keo re.
- Nan la t h a n h tre, nfla, ludng... che, vdt n h i n m a t h a n h
(nan dang, n a n rd, ra, thflng, giu...).
- Ngoi con la phfldng tien d a n nflde ldn h d n mfldng cd t h e
do eon ngfldi dao dap hoac vd'n s a n ed cua tfl n h i e n con ngfldi
nao vet de dan hoac tieu nflde.
- Ngoi edi ldn hdn ngdi con dflng de d a n nflde tfl sdng cung
cap cho ngdi con dan vao ddng hoac tieu nflde tfl ddng ra sdng.
- Nhac dd (cau cay, ca chud'i, ech) mot ddng tac cua ngfldi
cau tdm, nha'c len, t h i n g xudng de nhac nhd, k h e u gdi, mdi
chao ldi cud'n ca tim den an mdi.
- Ngdi mot phfldng t i e n d a n nflde (ldn h d n mfldng) tfl
sdng vao eac mfldng trflc tiep hoac q u a cac cd'ng d i n nflde.
Ngdi cdi la ngdi to. Ngdi con la ngdi nhd h d n nhflng chfla
p h a i la mfldng.
- Pheng pheng mot vat d u n g b i n g kim loai d u n g de gd
p h a t r a tieng ddng de dudi ea.
- Ram thudc bo n h a cua, minh to nhflng det, chan det va
rdng nhfl bdi cheo, hai cang nhd, sd'ng d vung nflde ngot Id d
223
Cdng cu thu cdng truyen thdng ddnh bit thuy bai san.
sdng bai ea d trong b a n g va vui minh xud'ng bfln, cd nhieu tfl

t h a n g n a m den t h a n g t a m .
- Rat thudc ho hen, vop, nhd n h u h a t ngd nep, sdng d bai
bien, vd mdng m a u t r a n g n a u , ruot n b u rudt hen. Cao bat ve
luoc lay nUde, dai vd lay r u d t de n a u canh mdng tdi hoac de
lam thflc a n cho cua be. .
- Rdy mot cdng eu de trdt t r e n bai p h u sa nhfl trfldt tuyet.
- Rong mot loai cay thudc ho tao sd'ng dfldi nflde, than
m e m trdn hoac det nhfl la Ifla, nhd nhfl cai kim chum thanh
chum... Rong cd nhieu d vflng ddng chiem Gia Vien, Nho Quan,
trong cac ao hd, sdng ngdi, r u d n g sau...
- Rang run mot mdn a n cua d a n que lam bang cua hoac
r a m . Cua r a m chat chan, xe bd mo, bam nhd (hoac gia dap),
lay gach cho nflde m a m mud'i r a n g chin.
- Rong (nflde rdng) rdng can. Nflde trieu xud'ng can den
mflc kiet cung (thfldng cd ve mfla ddng) goi la rdng.
- Rudn (rudn cfldc) mot h a n h dong sudn cfldc vao khuyen
chi de budc vao gudng cau d d n cau vflt.
- Sg la eon ho nha cua cay sd'ng trong hang d ngoai bai bien
bdi Cdn Thoi, minh va chan dai khdng cd ldng, da mau xanh reu
xam da. Vd sa cflng q u a n h n a m , lot vao mot ngay 8 - 4 (ngay
B u t sinh B u t de) h a n g n a m . Cd ngfldi goi la eon sa sa.
- Sdm (sam thuyen) la each ngfldi ta dflng vd cay s i n rflng
va eu n a u gia nhd ngam ki de vit dap thuyen n a n de khdng
cho nflde rd n g a m vao hoac t h u n g (thflng cau ca) chay nflde
ra de dflng nhdt ca.
224
- Sat: mdt loai cay moc nhieu d ddi rflng Tam Diep, cay
nhd, cao, mdng minh, moc thanh bui. Ngfldi ta thfldng chat
ve che thanh ba hoac bd'n de dan gid (gid sat), keo re de
xoong ndi...
- Sdi: mot dung eu de dflng tdm, ca, cua... dan bing tre,
hdp, hinh qua nhdt, cd hom, dflng lam cdng cu danh bat cua
ca... nhfl Id ram, sdi dd ddm tdm.
- Tay tre la canh tre, canh hdp.
- Tay ludi ddn vi chi do dai eua mot cdng cu danh b i t ea
(tfl 60 - 80 met hoac 80 - 100 met). Tay lfldi cdn la mot bd
phan cua lfldi de ghim gifl vi tri d i u tien tha lfldi, tha, thu,
van chuyen va bao quan lfldi.
- Tay te: mot doan tre hoac hdp de nd'ng chdng va cd' dinh
cho cang te va Ifldi te cang thanh hinh cai te. Tay te de elm,
dinh hfldng, dinh do sau ndng, do nghieng... va eat te.
- Tdm vdng mot gid'ng tdm cd d bai bien Cdn Thoi, da trang
vang, diu ed gai to va dai, cd nhieu vao mua he.
- Tdm ron loai tdm nhd cflng lfla (tudi). Ngfldi lam dim thu
gom tdm ron iam gidng tha xudng d i m de nudi.
- Tung (tung vd) la phan Ifldi gifla de'n day de khi danh,
keo lfldi vd ed do rdng thoang cho ea khdng tim each di thoat.
Tung cd ndi goi la thit lfldi, thit vd...
- Trung (rudng triing) la sau, la thap. Rudng triing la ruong
thap, rudng sau, Ily sut.
- Trd (mang) trd cung la mang. Mang nflde, mang ao la chd
de cho nflde vao, ra, tat nflde (goi la mang tat).
225
Cong cu thu cdng truyen thdng danh bit thuy bai san...
- To dia (cay td dia) la ho cua cay xau hd, la nhd trdn nhu
la rau rut, than nhd trdn, mem xd'p va nhe dflng lam phao
cau rat td't.
- Trum mot cdng cu lam b i n g tre de danh bat ca rd, ea nae
(trflm ca rd, trflm ea nae).
- Trum dd mot bd phan dflng tep cua dd tep dan bing nfla,
trdn, dai, ed chflc nang nhfl gid.
- Thd cd mua ca gid'ng tha xudng ao hd de ca ldn thi bit
ma khdng nudi. --'••'
- Thiing (thung dao thung da'u) hd' dao da't khdng rdng
nhflng sau (thflng vung).
- Vgn (Van chai) lang cua dan chai sinh sdng.
- Vanh dfldng cd hinh trdn dfldc ken dan bing may tre
(vanh ndm). -r-.!<<• ,:?.
- Viing (vung tat) hd' dao da't khdng rdng va ndng hoac mot
doan ngdi, mfldng dfldc d i p chan hai d i u de tat b i t ca.
- Vanh ndm dfldng cd hinh trdn dfldc ken dan bing may
tre. Vanh ndm cd vanh chan, vanh dd, vanh tay elm.
- Vau (cay vau) cay thudc ho nha tre, nfla, than nhd, ddt
dai rat it la, cay thang dai tfl 4 den 6 met. .
- Vet (vat tep, vet tep) mot hoat ddng danh b i t tep trong
tfl the cui khom, mot tay d m dd rd, mdt tay khum chum tat,
hat nflde, ca, tep tfl vflng tat vao rd.
- Vet (cay vet) mot loai cay chan sdng d ven bien cay thap,
la nhfl la cay si, chiu nflde.
226
n.
VAN HOC DAN GIAN NINH BINH
VOl CONG CU DANH BAT
Phan I - TRUYEN DAN GIAN
^hiek o^ than
Sau mot tran ddng da't, gidng to ndi len rdi sam set ren
vang nhfl xe trdi, bdng nhien vflng Md Do ndi len hinh thu
mot con rdng da't cudn quanh mot gd'c da cd thu, ed gieng
nflde khdi trong vat. Tieng ddn rang cd gai nao tam dfldc
nflde gieng nay da se t r i n g hdng, dep nhfl tien giang tran.
Cac ed gai nfla tin nfla ngd keo den tam nhflng cha tha'y cd
nao dep Ien, ma khi ve nha cdn dm dau khdn khd. Ho sd qua,
chang ai dam tam nfla. Rdi lai cd tin ddn cai gieng ay ehinh
la cai mat rdng. Dam choc vao m i t rdng, chi dm khdng chet
cung la may. Nhflng tieng ddn dai nao nfle, rdng rai hdn la
mdm rdng. Mdm rdng hien nay dang ngam chat, se cd lfle ha
ra, ai cd ma cha, ma td, lfla dfldc lfle rdng ha mieng ra, tang
vao day thi se phat de vfldng, ea ho se mudn ddi hien vinh
phu quy. Tieng ddn lan di nhanh chdng thien ha dua nhau
dao ma dng, ma cha gdi vao mo cau, rdi cdm dum cdm nim,
227
gdi da't nam sfldng, chiu chflc sud't, de ddi rdng ha mdm. Khdi
ngfldi cam dm ma chet trong khi chiu chflc ddi rdng ha mieng.
Nhflng rdi chang bao gid rdng ha ra ca. Ddi mai chang dfldc
ho danh chdn ludn xfldng dng cha xudng chung quanh rdng,
hi vong vao hdi hfldng eua rdng vay. Vung nay tfl nhien bien
thanh ndi cd hang tram ma mdi.
Trong sd' ngfldi de'n day ed anh Thanh khdn ngoan hdn ca.
Thanh con cu Dat, mot si phu ed y thflc chdng lai quan tham,
hi chflng liet vao hang chdng dd'i, ngay dem theo ddi. Anh da
ed ngfldi yeu la cd Lien, dan chd dd d ben Md Do. Lien cung la
mot ed gai diu dang, ngoan net, duyen dang, dfldc nhieu ngfldi
yeu men. Hai ngfldi da dinh flde chi edn chd ngay cfldi.
Anh Thanh khdng tin vao chuyen dem ma dng ma td tang
ham rdng, nen anh chi den ndi xem binh tinh ra sao ma ho
ddn dai ghe the. Anh thay qua that khu da't nay cung khdng
phai da't thfldng. Tran ddng da't khdng nhflng tao thanh mot
dai hinh ra't gid'ng eon rdng ma khdng anh hfldng den cay da,
gieng nflde da cd tfl xfla. Anh xem xet khap ndi, met mdi, anh
nga lflng dfldi bdng mat ciia gde da rdi chdp mat di Iflc nao
khdng biet. Trong giae md, anh md thay mot con rdng bay
de'n bao: Anh khdn ngoan da'y khdng nghe ldi ddn dai ma dao
ma cha ma dng la dflng lam. Anh se dflde hfldng loe neu anh
giflp ta viec nay. Hien nay re cay da bd lan dang choc vao
mat ta, lam ta nhfle nhdi khd chiu Iam. Anh chat ho ma'y cai
re dang ru xud'ng gieng nflde dd, anh se dfldc den bfl xflng
dang nhflng nhd la khdng dfldc hfldng ngay dau. • ;, ,. .
Tinh day, anh nghi lai giac md, nhin len, qua cd ma'y chie'c
re da dang ru xud'ng gieng. Anh cung khdng tin vao dieu
228
mdng mi, nhflng san cd dao mang theo, anh treo len chat dflt
may cai re da va cudn nd vflt ra khdi gieng.
Sau dd anh bd vao rflng hai thud'c. Dang di anh thay mot
chuyen la, anh dflng lai theo ddi. Tren mdm da cao, mot con
cao dang nhe rang dinh ddp mot con chim boa mi cdn non, rdi
khdi td, chfla biet bay. Vd chdng chim hoa mi het ldi lay van,
xin tha cho con, nd cdn be bdng qua, ed tdi tinh gi ma chet
non. Con d o nha't dinh khdng nghe. Chan nd de ien con chim
non tdi nghiep. Vd chdng hoa mi danh bao, neu dng cfl nhat
quyet thi xin an thit vd chdng tdi ma tha cho chau, de vd
chdng tdi tha chau len td rdi xin xud'ng de dng an thit. Con
cao cfldi xoa: - Cha! Vd chdng mi lai dinh lfla ta hfl, ta khdng
lfla cac ngfldi thi thdi... may lai thit con nd mdi ngon mieng,
vd chdng mi gia rdi, thit dai ngoach. Xe ra! Ta boa kiep sdm
cho nd. Hai vd chdng hoa mi cfl dm lay con, danh nhe ca ba
cung chet. Con d o dien len, nd dang dinh ddp ca thi anh
Thanh da len de'n tfl trflde rflt dao chem con d o , nd hi thfldng
hoang hdn, cong dudi chay thang.
Vd chdng chim thoat chet, lai cflu dflde con, nd lay ta dn
anh Thanh va xin dflde den dn cflu mang. Nd vly anh di theo
nd den mot cai hang, chi cho anh mieng mot cai him. Anh
cay mot hdn da nhfl cai n i p h i m ra, thd tay xud'ng tha'y mot
cai vd nhd, vo trdn lai chi bing mot qua bfldi. Hoa mi tha'y
anh khdng vui, nd bao: j
- Day khdng phai la chiec vd thfldng dau, nd la cai vd than
day, nd nhd the nhflng kbi quang xud'ng bien nd se trai rdng
bing m l u rudng, nd lai tfl tiet ra mui thdm, hap din bon ca
229
den... anh cfl tha hd ma ... Vd chdng tdi xin bieu de den dn
anh da cflu eon tdi.
Anh Thanh cam dn vd chdng chim, nhet chiec vd vao tfli,
rdi di hai thud'c, cung cha tin vao ldi chim lam. May hdm sau
anh dem vd ra keo thfl, qua nhfl ldi boa mi ndi, anh keo dflde
nhieu ca vd ke, vfla ban vfla cho cung khdng het.
Tieng ddn anh Thanh dflde vd t h i n den tai Ba Chdp. Nd
ndi mau tham, rap tam chiem bang dfldc chiec vd thin.
Ba Chdp den Md Do nay tfl bao gid khdng biet, nhflng lao
cung la mot trong nhflng ngfldi giau nha't vflng, cung la mot
ten tham lam vd do, hdng bach, chuyen ap bflc ngfldi ngheo
khd. Han cdn ca'u ket vdi bon quan Tau, dfla vao chung de ha
hiep nhan dan, vet vd vang bac, cua cai cho bon T i u va lam
gilu cho minh. Han ndi vdi moi ngfldi la tat ca vung nay, tfl
T h i n Phu, Chinh Dai den hdn dao Ciia Ddn rdi de'n ca bien
cung la nha ban tudt. Ai danh ca, ddn cui, ca'y rudng deu
phai nop td, thue cho ban. Han cdn dfla dflde vao quan Tiu
nen dan cang sd. Han cd hang ehue vd, de cho han hang dan
lit nhit, nhflng toan con gai, ehi dfldc mot t h i n g eon trai
thi cdm nhom, xau xi, mat ldi, mdi sflt. Dan lang goi la cau
ea Sflt. Ho bao trdi ed m i t , day la nghiep chfldng cua nha
b i n . Dflng vay, ca Sflt mdi hdn chuc tudi diu ma da bet nhfl
bd', sud't ngay rong chdi, lung gai. Han da de mat den ai thi
khd ldng thoat dflde. Tuy b i n gay yeu, trdi ga ching ndi
nhflng ludn cd mot bon tay chan, ludn tay dao, tay thflde di
cung. Nhflng cd gai thoang tha'y b i n tfl xa la phai tim each
lui cho nhanh. • '• :/:• , .'"MJ • • .:•• *
230
Mdt hdm ban bi anh Thanh tri cho mdt me vi tdi toan lam
trd bay ba vdi eon gai ngay gifla dfldng, nen cho d Sflt mot
tran nen than, xeo ludn ca "cfla nd" efla nd de nd het dfldng
hiep dap dan ba eon gai.
Dflde ten tay sai ve bao, Ba Chdp cung ten quan Tau dang
danh chen vdi vang phi ngfla den. Thay thing eon dang nam
ngat xiu, mau me d i m dia, nd hoang sd khi biet ngfldi danh
eon minh la ai, nd dien mau quat hdi thi bon tay sai cho biet
anh da bie'n vao rflng.
Lao quan Tau venh bd rau de hdi:
- Thanh nao? Cd phai eon ten Dat, cai lao dang hi tinh nghi
chdng lai quan Tau khdng?
Ba Chdp gat d i u xac nhan. Nd bao:
- Phai diet ngay bd' con nha nd, khdng thi cd ngay nd se
giet chflng ta, xui dan ndi loan. Thay ma lam dfldc viec nay,
ta se xin vdi quan tren cat nhac thay Ien tri phu khdng chflng.
Ba Chdp sfldng rdn sup lay:
- Bam quan Idn dfldc nhfl the thi eon xin ddi dn quan ldn
van boi, quan ldn mud'n gi con cung xin vang het.
Ten quan T i u gat d i u ndi:
- Ta sang day da lau, xa phu nhan, ta mud'n efldi mot ngfldi
eon gai Viet Nam, ta mud'n dfldc con Lien chd dd ben Md Do.
Ba Chdp giat minh:
- Bam con ay chinh la vd chua cUdi eua t h i n g Thanh
da'y a.
231
- Cang bay chfl sao, ta vfla dfldc vd, vfla tri dfldc thang
Thanh. Con Lien lay dfldc quan Tiu, h i n nd cdn thiet gi
thing khd rach.
Ba Chdp nghi khac, khdng bao gid eon Lien nd chiu. Va nd
cung la con be khdng vfla, dau de ep dflcic nd, nhflng lenh quan
T i u nd khdng dam cai, nd nghi den chflc tri phu nay mai.
Ca Sflt khdng chet nhflng nha Ba Chdp mat gid'ng, han
dien cudng ldng ldn, the se bam nat anh Thanh vflt cho qua
an mdi ha. Nd thue ngfldi di lung bat. Lien dflde tin vd cflng
lo ling sd chung b i t dflde anh. Cd d u Trdi kha'n Phat cho
anh dflng vi nhd ed ma ve day. Id ra thi khdn.
Sang hdm a'y, thuyen ed vfla ghe ben, bdng cd mot ngfldi
khach xud'ng dd. Ngfldi khach dang cdn tre ma ed bd rau dai
trdng that ngd, vai khoac tay nai. Lien ngd ngd... ngfldi khach
nhin trflde nhin sau, khdng cd ai, gd bo rau gia ra. Lien reo len:
- Anh Thanh!
Cd cung vdi nhin trflde nhin sau rdi ndi nhd:
- Chet that sao anh dam... chflng nd dang lung anh riet lam.
- Anh biet, nhflng anh nhd em qua, vdi lai tinh the nay
anh phai trdn di that xa, trflde khi di anh d n gap em de...
Thanh vfla ndi den da'y thi Lien phat hien tfl xa ed mot
chie'c thuyen dang lao nhanh de'n. Lien giat minh:
- Dflng thuyen Ba Chdp, lam sao bay gid anh?
Thanh toan nhay lao vao bd nhflng Lien ngan lai bao anh
deo rau vao va cfl ngdi dd, cd se chd thuyen lao nhanh vao bd.
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Thanh lam theo nhflng khdng kip, thuyen Ba Chdp da tdi. Nd

bat Lien dflng thuyen lai rdi chi vao mat ed quat:
- May to gan lim, bdm no may dam chd thuyen ea dem
cho bon nghia quan ndi loan, chdng lai quan Tiu, tdi may
dang chet.
Lien binh tinh:
- Bam cu Ba, dan chd dd gap khach thi chd lay tien chfl
biet nghia quan, nghia quan nao a, cu Ba sd nghia quan qua
thea?
Ba Chdp tflc td'i quat:
- A... Con nay, may dam dd'i dap hdn lao, tao cdn la gi may
vdi bd'con thang Thanh, tao se lot xac chflng nd... con nay...
chflng bay dau!? Gd cd nd dem ve ddi dap vdi quan Tiu!
Bon tay sai ua sang thuyen cua Lien toan bat trdi. Lien
cung biet ddi chut vd nghe, ed dflng ludn bdi cheo quat chflng,
nhflng chflng ddng qua, cd khdng chdng cfl ndi. Trflde canh
a'y, Thanh khdng the dflng dfldc, anh xdng vao cflu Lien. Bo
rau gia rdi ra, Ba Chdp het len:
- Thing Thanh! Thing Thanh! B i t lay nd cho tao...
Lien dflde Thanh xdng vao danh bon kia, tien bdi cheo, cd
phang lia ha vao Ba Chdp. Nd dau qua keu la rdi loang choang
nga xud'ng nflde. Cung Iflc ay thuyen cua bon quan T i u cung
lao de'n. Chung ua de'n bao vay, ca hai deu bi b i t vi chung
qua ddng, khdng chdng cfl ndi. Kham trong ngfldi Thanh tha'y
chie'c vd, ten quan Tiu doan ra anh, lu loa Thanh an d p vd
cua nd va thet quan b i t trdi anh va giai Lien giai ve dinh. Ba
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Cong cu thu cong truyen thdng danh bit thuy hai san...
Chdp dang chdi vdi nd khdng them cflu, cdn bao bd mac nd,
"san dfldc mdi de chd iam gi..". That dang ddi ten tay sai
ngu dot.
B i t dflde d Thanh va Lien, ten quan T i u mflng lam. Nd
giam mdi ngfldi mot ndi. Nd bat Lien khdng phai ve lam vd
ma edn dung vao mot viec quan trong hdn nhieu.
Sd' la nghia quan khap ndi dang ndi day, bon quan T i u d
nhflng vung xa kinh thanh rat lo sd. Chflng vd vet eiia cai
nhflng luc nay chuyen ve nflde thi chfla dfldc, dfla ve kinh
thanh thi bon quan tren an hdt, nd dang tim each chdn giau
de cho eon chau ve sau. Nd se dung Lien Iam t h i n gifl eua,
bdi vay nd cho an udng rat tfl te, khdng dfla nao dam ddng
den cd mac d i u dfla nao cung them mudn. Lien lo cho sd'
phan cua minh thi it ma lo cho Thanh nhieu hdn. Lien d m
ehle anh se bi tra ta'n, danh dap, cd khi chflng da giet anh
rdi. Neu vay cd cung se chet theo anh, khdng ddi nao chiu de
quan Tiu iam nhuc. Nhflng edn me cd, gid cd chet di me cd se
sdng ra sao... Cd oa Ien khdc, khdc mai.
Moi viee chuan bi xong, ten quan Tau bit mat, trdi Lien
dem den ndi giau cua. Nd an cu nhan sam vao mieng Lien,
gin tram dfldng rdi trdi dflng cd vao chie'c cot, da chdn san d
gifla hang. Rdi chung t h i p hfldng kha'n vai, la'p kin eiia hang,
xoa da'u vet, keo nhau ra ve. Tren dfldng ve toan bo so' quan
di theo ten quan Tau bi dau doc giet het de gifl kin viec Iam
cua nd.
Gia'u cua xong, nd nghi den viee thu tieu Thanh. Nd sai
trdi anh va ldi dung dem tdi trdi quang anh xudng bien. Tfldng
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anh se bi lam mdi cho ca, nhflng may qua, gifla lfle ay, mdt
chiec thuyen danh ea ra khdi ve mudn, thay tieng quay manh
tfldng la ca to, ho quang lfldi vdt dfldc anh len. Ho kien tri
cflu chfla, mai sau anh mdi tinh lai, nhflng hai mat da bi chflng
choc mu.
Thudc thang, an udng may ngay lai sflc, ho dfla anh den
nha me Lien, d gin Md Do, vi gia dinh anh da phai chay giac,
sau khi anh hi bat. Ba me Lien nhan ra Thanh, ba oa Ien
khde thfldng re lai thfldng eon gai khdng biet bay gid sd'ng
chet ra sao. Ho dau ddn nghi den viec Lien hi iam nhue khi
sa vao tay bon quan Tiu. Thanh mudn di cflu Lien nhflng hai
mat da mfl... Ba me cang that vong khde nfle len.
Gifla luc a'y ed tieng chim hoa mi hdt riu rit rdi mot eon bay
xudng, lao vao nha, cat tieng hdt: - Nha me Lien phai khdng?
Thay chim ndi dfldc tieng ngfldi, lai goi dung ten minh ba
me hoang sd. Nhflng Thanh da nhan ra tieng chim hoa mi
quen thudc, anh Ien tieng:
- Cd phai hoa mi da cho ta vd t h i n khdng?
Nhan ra an nhan cu, hai vd chdng boa mi mflng rd'i rit.
Thanh ndi: - Luc nay cae em hdi nha me Lien, day dung
nha me Lien cd chuyen gi the?
Vd chdng chim ke lai viec chflng di kiem mdi ve nudi eon,
chflng lao vao mot d i hang dudi theo ma'y con nhen nfli thi
tha'y mot ngfldi con gai hi trdi, da la di, mieng ebi fl d. Tha'y
mui thdm d mieng cd gai, chung moi an, the la cd gai theu
thao ndi dfldc. Biet chflng ndi dfldc tieng ngfldi. Lien nhd
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chflng ve bao tin cho me, bao hay ging cflu minh. The la
chflng tim dfldc de'n day.
Thanh cho biet. Lien la vd chua efldi cua minh, chung mflng
qua giuc anh di cflu Lien mau.
- Nhflng ta lam sao di dflde - Thanh budn r i u ndi - Bon
chflng choc mu ca hai mat ta rdi.
Vd chdng chim xem mat anh rdi bao:
- Khdng lo, anh se khdi ngay thdi. The rdi chflng bay vut
di, lat sau cdng ve it la thud'c bao ba me gia nhd dit vao m i t
Thanh. Chi mot lat sau m i t anh lanh nhfl eu. Ba me va anh
mflng qua cam dn vd chdng chim rdi rit.
Vd chdng hoa mi giuc anh theo chflng di ngay cflu Lien
mdi kip.
The la Thanh theo vd chdng chim, de'n dfldc ndi gia'u cflu
Lien. Cd mdi chi bi la di. Sau khi hdi tinh, ho gap nhau mflng
mflng tui tui, cam dn vd chdng chim hoa mi va cung nhau Ien
ve nha me.
Ba me mflng qua, quen ca hiem nguy dang de doa, ba ban
vdi ho phai cfldi ngay. Thanh cfldi ndi cho ba rd hoan canh
cua ho hien nay. Ho phai trdn di, tim each diet het bon Tiu,
lfle a'y ho mdi dfldc sd'ng yen dn ma lo chuyen cudi dUdc. Ba
me hieu ra, ba sdt sang lo moi thfl cho ho va ngay dem dd ho
trdn khdi Md Do.
Lai ndi ve ten quan Tiu, sau kbi thu tieu Thanh va dung
Lien lam t h i n gifl cua, lai giet bet bon tay sai, y cho la moi
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viec da dn. TrUdc khi rdi da't nay, y cdn phai iam xong may
viec nfla.
Dat Md Do vfla ndi len con rdng da't, bao quanh gieng ngoe,
nhat dinh dat nay se phat de vfldng, ehi it cung nay sinh
nhieu van nhan, vo tfldng. De nflde nd phat nhieu nhan tai
thi lam sao de d i u cfldi cd nd dfldc. Phai yem cho mat linh
nghiem di. Cdn chie'c vd than cfldp dflde phai dem thfl xem
sad. Neu that sfl nhfl ldi ddn dai, thi phen nay ve nflde, ke
nao se gilu cd hdn ta dfldc. Nd nghi vay va lo iam bua yem,
dinh ngay ra khdi thfl vd.
Nd thfl vd trflde vi ndng long mud'n biet phep t h i n cua nd.
Nd chon mot ngay dep trdi, sdng yen be lang, chon may ten
thudc ha than tin nhat, cheo thuyen ra bien thfl vd. Nd dinh
thfl d ven bd, nhflng ma'y ten di theo bao la phai ra khdi that
xa mdi danh dfldc nhieu ca. Nd khdng ngd bon tay sai da cd
am mflu hai nd. Khi thuyen da ra tit ngoai khdi, lfla lfle bat
y, bon tay sai giet ludn ten quan T i u quang xac xud'ng bien
va doat lay chiec vd. Khi doat dfldc vd may dfla lai tranh
nhau, danh giet nhau cho den khi ebi edn mot dfla sdng sdt.
Thang sdng sdt mflng qua, the la nd da chiem tron cai vd
thin. Nd tung ludn vd xud'ng bien de thfl. Nhflng la chfla? Vd
vfla tung ra, vd khdng vung xud'ng bien de danh ca, ma lai
chup ngay vao thuyen, cudn lai dim ndt ke tham Iam xudng
bien. Bon chung chfla kip thflc hien am mflu yem dao, triet
ha vflng Md Do. Dflng la vd thin, nd chi dem lai sfl giau ed
cho nhflng ngfldi Ifldng thien, cdn nhflng ke tham lam tan
bao thi qua la "lfldi trdi ldng long".
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Tin ten quan T i u va bon than tin nha't cua nd bi vd dim

chet bet ngoai bien, lam bon tay sai cdn lai hoang sd bd chay
khdi Md Do. Ba me qua mflng n h i n tin cho Thanh va Lien
trd ve.
Dam cfldi eua ho dfldc td chflc ddn sd nhflng that ddng vui,
moi ngfldi trong vung deu hoan hi mflng cho ddi tre. Ho di
la'y kho bau cua ten quan T i u da dau, dem ve chia het cho
dan ngheo, ehi danh mot p h i n nhd cho cdng viec xay dflng
nha ciia va vd'n sinh sd'ng cho ho. Ho sd'ng vdi nhau tron ddi
hanh phflc.
(Ldi ke cua Tran Dinh Hong va An Viet Dam)
Qflajnq. tieMt ea
Ngay xfla, ngay xfla... ed mot chang trai ten la Li Lam,
Iam nghe chai lfldi. Cha me mat sdm, chang sd'ng mot minh
trong mot tflp leu tranh d ehan hdn Non Nflde*. Chang rat
khoe manh, lai dep trai, Iam an cham chi ai cung yeu men
nha't la d e ed gai trong vflng, nhieu ed md flde dfldc chang
ket tdc xe td. Nhflng Li Lam chfla he de y tdi ai.
Mot lln, nhfl le thfldng, chang b i t ca d thuyen de di chd
ban, tha'y mot con ca nhd sdt lai mai tit trong khoang, mau
sic rat dep va la. Chang thich lam dem ve tha trong chiec
chau de d nha chdi.
Tfl hdm cd chau ca, Li Lam vui ban Ien, nha nhfl cd them
ngfldi than, khdng khi gia dinh them am cflng.
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Cfl dem dem sau kbi di lam ve, Li Lam lai ngdi ngoai san
cho ca an va vui dfla vdi ca, nha't la nhflng dem cd trang
sang. Nhflng ki la tbay, cfl mdi lln Li Lam thiu thiu ngu thi
tfl chau ca lai hien ra mot ngfldi con gai dep tuyet t r i n . Nang
dao quanh rat nhe nhang va phe phay quat cho Li Lam ngu,
nhflng he Li Lam tinh day. Nang lai hien nguyen hinh la con
ca bdi trong chau. Li Lam bdi hdi luyen tiec d n h trong md.
Mot hdm Li Lam dang say sfla vdi con ea thi Nhieu Hoac,
mot ten chfla dat cai quan vung Non Nflde de'n bat chdt de
ddi mdn nd lau ddi cua dng Li Lam de lai, han trdng tha'y
chau ca cd con ca dep, han ddi Li Lam nop cho nd, Li Lam
khdng nghe, the la dien ra mot tran gilng co, chiec chau ca
rdi xud'ng dat vd tan, ten Nhieu Hole chay theo vd eon ca, con
ca quay manh va cfl theo ddng nflde trfldn xud'ng sdng, thoat
khdi tay chfla da't. Li Lam tiec qua, anh dien cudng day nga
ten Nhieu Hole va lao xud'ng ddng sdng dudi theo con ca.
Con ca ma Li Lam bat dfldc, khdng phai la con ea thfldng.
Nd chinh la nang cdng chua, eon vua Thuy te, di dao chdi cha
may mlc vao lfldi cua Li Lam. Dfldc thoat khdi tay ten Nhieu
Hole, nang bdi ve thuy cung, gap lai cha me miing mflng tui
tui. Cha me nang cho md tiec an miing eon gai thoat nan trd
ve sau khi nghe nang ke chuyen.
Nhflng chi mot thdi gian sau, tha'y nhd tran gian, nhd Li
Lam qua. Trflde day chfla biet canh tran gian the nao, nang
cam chiu sd'ng cudc ddi te ngit d Thuy cung. Nhflng tfl khi
len tran d vdi Li Lam, mac d i u chi la trong giac ngu, nang
cung tha'y cudc sd'ng tran gian that la vui thfl, khac han vdi
thuy cung. Nang tha'y minh khdng the sd'ng d day dflde nfla,
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nang md tfldng den t r i n gian, md tdi Li Lam, nang flde ao

dfldc gap lai chang. Ndi nhd mong ngay cang da diet, nang
sinh ra dm dau, me nang lo ling can van. Nang da thfl that
vdi me nang. Hoang hau thUdng con dm dau vang vot. Sau
nang de'n xin vdi cha cho nang len t r i n the tham lai canh cu.
NhUng vfla nghe tha'y nang tau bay, Thuy te da dung dflng
ndi gian, cho la con gai hfl hdng d m nang khdng dfldc di dau
va ep ga nang cho mot vi dai t h i n d Thuy cung. Sau tran ldi
dinh ciia cha, nang cang dm nang, ed hd khdng the sd'ng ndi.
Hoang hau hoang sd, lo nang chet, ben sai Tieu Yen, mot
ngfldi h i u than tin dfla nang trdn len tran the. Dflde tin,
nang khdi benh ngay, dm la'y me khdc, cam dn me, tfl biet
cung Tieu Yen dang dem len di, bat chap ea sfl canh phdng
can mat chdn thuy cung.
Ca hai bdi mot mach de'n chan nfli Non Nflde, ndi ma trflde
day nang gap LI Lam. Khi hai chi em bin rin chia tay, Tieu
Yen trd lai thuy cung cdn cdng chfla bd lot ca va cai trang
thanh mot cd gai ndng thdn dep nhfl tien, nang men theo nfli
Non Nflde de den nha Li Lam. Xa t r i n the lau ngay nay lai
dfldc trd ve t r i n gian nang sung sfldng vd cflng. Luc dd, mot
sfl trflng hdp ki la da xay ra: dflng cai hdm cdng chfla len
t r i n the thi vung Non Nflde dang md hoi thi ca. Theo tuc le
hang nam cfl den mfla xuan la lang chai ven sdng Day lai md
hdi. Cac cd gai lang chai ebon nhflng con ca dep nha't cung
vdi vi ehu dep de tang giai thfldng. Cdng ehua bang hoang
trflde canh tflng bflng cua ngay hoi, lln dau tien trong ddi
nang tha'y, ma d thuy cung khdng bao gid cd dUdc. Nang dem
Idt ea eua minh va len qua dam ngudi ddng nhu hdi de vao dii
thi sau khi bdi tham ba con di bdi.
240
Lai ndi den Li Lam tfl hdm mat con ca, chang bang khuang,
budn ba. Nay ngay hdi thieng lieng cua lang chai lai md. Li
Lam den dfl cho khuay khoa ndi long.
Nhflng ngay hoi nam trflde, tfl khi la mot chang trai, chang
den hdi lan vd hdi choi ca, cac cd gai lang chai va ca cac cd gai
thien ha cung ra't yeu men chang, nhieu ed flde ao dfldc nang
khan sfla tfli. Vi khdng nhflng chang khoe manh, dep trai ma
tinh tinh lai hien lanh, dang yeu.. Hdm nay chang de'n hdi,
dang dflng xen eac cd gai trflng nhflng con ca cua minh thi
chdt tha'y mot cd gai chen vao. Trdi di! sao lai cd ngfldi dep
nhfl tien the kia! Ca dam ddng tram trd. Li Lam cung ngan
ra, chang thay cd gai rat gidng ngfldi ma chang da md trong
dem trang, d con ca cua nang nfla. Thdi dich rdi! Con ea ma
chang da mat bao cdng sflc tim kiem, nd dang d trong tay
ngfldi con gai kieu diem kia. LI Lam quen ca le lang, chang
xdng vao chd cac cd gai, elm con ca Ien xem, nhflng cdng
chfla da giat lay nd rdi bd chay. Li Lam dudi theo. Tdi gin
chan nfli thi cdng chfla cung dflng lai. LI Lam say sfla ngam
nang. Trdi di, con ca eua tdi, chang thdt len!
- Vang! Dflng la eon ca cua chang day, nhflng... nang rut

re ndi.
- The... nang la ai ma lai cd con ca nay dem den dfl thi? LI
Lam hdi ddn.
Cdng chfla nhin Li Lam vfla mflng dfldc gap lai ngfldi ma
nang dem ngay md tfldng, vfla thfldng chang sao ma vo vang
tieu tuy khac xfla. Suy nghi din do mai, nang manh dan ndi:
- Thiep ... thiep ciing la con gai lang chai, chang la llm sao?
241
- Khdng phai, Li Lam lie diu, khdng phai, nang khdng

phai la con gai vung nay... nhflng tdi da gap nang d dau rdi
thi phai, dflng la nhfl the.
Cdng chfla mim efldi e then, the thi chang thfl doan xem.
Lfle nay Ll Lam mdi binh tinh ngam nhin nang cdng chfla.
Chao di! Nang dep that, eon gai trong vung khdng ai cd the
sanh dfldc vdi nang. Li Lam bang hoang, hay chinh nang la...
- La gi cd thfla chang?
- La con ea nam xfla.
Cdng ehua efldi rdi nang elm eon ca vat xud'ng sdng. Li
Lam thet len dinh lao vdi xud'ng sdng bat eon ea nhflng cdng
chua da kip ngan chang lai.
- Dflng! Day khdng phai la con ca dau, nd chi la cai lot ca
ma thdi.
- Oi thi ra... nang chinh la...
- Vang! Cdng chua e then ndi - em ehinh la con gai vua
Thuy Te nam trflde doi lot e l dao chdi, da mlc vao lfldi cua
chang va dfldc chang cflu sdng.
- Trdi di! Dung rdi! Li Lam thdt len - ta biet ngay ma,
dung nang la ngfldi ta da gap trong giac md. The sao nang lai
bd di tfl bay den gid la cho ta dem ngay mong nhd.
Cdng chfla ke lai chuyen d Thuy cung rdi nang sung sfldng
ndi vdi Li Lam:
- Bay gid em de'n vdi chang va... se mai mai d vdi chang,
neu chang khdng dudi em di.
242
LI Lam bang hoang sung sfldng. Chang khdng ngd banh

phuc VUdt qua sfl md udc lai den vdi minh nhanh den the.
Chang xuc ddng khdng ndi nen ldi, chi d m la'y tay cdng chua.
Hai ngfldi nhin nhau trao rdi nflde mit, khdng cdn biet den
bon con gai con trai trong dam hdi dang tu tap chung quanh,
Iflc dau thi td md che gieu ho, bay gid thi vui mflng, xuc ddng
chflng kien d n h hanh phuc trong sang cua ddi lfla.
The la sau mot le cfldi ddn gian dung phong tuc cua lang
chai, Li Lam va cdng ehua da nen vd nen chdng. Ho sd'ng vdi
nhau rat hanh phflc. Van tflp leu tranh xfla ben hdn Non
Nudc, nhflng canh sdng dim am khac xfla. Ngay ngay Li Lam
van lfldi chai theo nghe eu, edn cdng ehua thi va lfldi, khau
chai, dam dang ndi trd cham sdc cho chang. Li Lam vd cung
sung sfldng dfldc sd'ng ben ngfldi vd hien dep ngfldi, dep net
that khd ken ebon dflde ngfldi thU hai d chdn dfldng gian.
Cdng chua cung rat thoa man khi tha'y chdng minh vfla cham
chi lam an, kinh xdm yeu lang lai thfldng vd nhat mflc. Ddi
khi nang cung nhd de'n thuy cung, thUdng cha nhd me, nhat
la ba me da cao tudi, khdng biet ba cd phai chiu hau qua gi
sau khi gia'u cha cho nang chay trd'n... NhUng d n h sd'ng dim
am, hanh phuc gia dinh, canh nao nhiet d tran gian da lam
cho nang quen din va quen di tat d .
Ndi den Thuy Te, khi dUde tin cdng chua trd'n len t r i n the,
nhat la viee cdng chua lai dam ngang nhien ket hdn vdi mot
ten dan chai khd rach, lam d ue den ddng ddi hoang gia,
pham vao luat ngan ddi ndi Thuy phu, lao dung dung ndi gian
tra hdi moi ngfldi, gay ra canh nao loan d Thuy cung. Trflde
canh ay, hoang hau phai thu nban vdi chdng vi qua thfldng
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eon da tim each cho cdng chfla trd'n di. Han lien bat giam
hoang hau va sai Tieu Yen dem thudc doc len t r i n bat cdng
chua phai tfl sat de chudc tdi. Lai sai tfldng thudng ludng, ba
ba keo quan di theo, neu cdng chua khdng chiu tfl xfl minh
thi dang nflde len giet bet dan lang chai ven bd sdng Day, bat
dfldc cdng ehua va LI Lam dem ve Thuy cung tri tdi.
Y lenh, Tieu Yen phai len t r i n va de'n gap cdng chfla. Hdm
ay, Li Lam dang vIng nha. Thay Tieu Yen len, cdng chfla ngd
ngang vfla mflng vfla lo. Nang khdng ngd cd cudc hoi ngo nay.
Hai ehi em dm nhau mflng mflng, tui tui. Sau mot hdi ban
huyen bd nhflng ngay xa each cdng chfla hdi:
- Tieu Yen! Em Ien gap ehi ed chuyen gi?
';. 'C
Tieu Yen rut re thfla:
Bam cdng nfldng, hoang hau...
Cdng chfla giat minh, vdi hdi:
- Sao? Me ta lam sao? Ndi mau di Tieu Yen?
- Bam cdng nfldng, Hoang hau dang bi td'ng giam vao
ngue tdi.
Cdng chfla thet len:
- Trdi di! Me di - nang tum la'y Tieu Yen - Tai sao me ta lai
den ndi nay?
Tieu Yen vdi vang ke lai moi chuyen d Thuy cung tfl khi
nang dflde me cho trd'n di va dfla nang gdi thud'c doe, nghen
ngao mai mdi thd't len dfl«3c Idi - Dfle vua, dfle vua b i t cdng
chua phai tfl xfl bing gdi thud'c nay, neu khdng ngudi se cho
dang nUde giet dan lang.
244
Cdng chfla t h e t len: - Me di! rdi n a n g ngat xiu trong tay

Tieu Yen. Tieu Yen cung quyt lay goi, mot luc n a n g mdi t i n h
lai bang hoang nhin Tieu Yen.
- Trdi! Cha ta... khdng ngd cha ta lai doc ac den the. Me ta
cd tdi tinh gi... ngfldi gia yeu nhfl vay chiu sao d n h ngue t u
tam tdi, cdn ta cd tdi gi ma phai chet d a u ddn the nay, t a
phai Iam gi bay gid? i
Tieu Yen dm lay cdng chua khdc - Bam cdng nfldng, em
cung khdng biet phai lam gi nfla.
Bdng trdi ndi gidng to' sam chdp I m am vi thudng ludng d
ngoai t h e t to: Tieu Yen! Hay m a u trd ve t h u y cung! Cdn cdng
chua neu khdng tfl xfl ta se y lenh vua cho d a n g nflde len giet
bet dan chai.
Sau ldi de doa k h u n g khiep dd, trdi mfla nhfl trflt nflde.
Tieu Yen hoang hdt keu to: H a y khoan! Xin cac tfldng h a y
khoan... tdi se xin b i m vdi cdng nfldng moi n h e .
- Khdng dflde! Tieng thudng ludng lai t h e t ldn, Tieu Yen
phai ve ngay, cdng chfla khdng dfldc mot giay cham tre, h a y y
lenh, neu khdng...
Cdng chfla vdi vang day Tieu Yen:
- Thdi em cfl ve di, ta se lieu n e u khdng thi chet ea bay
gid... em di di.
Tieu Yen dm la'y cdng chua khdc tham thiet, nhflng rdi nang
cung phai dflt ra dau long, xe rudt lao di dfldi trdi mUa t i m ta.
Cdn lai minh cdng chfla d m gdi thud'c doe, nghi de'n Li
Lam... de'n d n h gia dinh dang em am h a n h phuc, nghi de'n
245
d n h me dang trong d n h tu day... n a n g khdng nd chet...

thfldng Ll L a m qua... nhflng ben ngoai tieng t h u d n g ludng
van t h e t len giuc gia, nflde dang tiep tue dang len... d a n lang
dang n h a o nhac, tinh hudng nguy d p den ndi, n a n g eudng
cudng lo sd t h e t to: Xin cac tudng hay dflng tay, dflng dang
nflde len lam chet d a n l a n h vd toi... ta... se chet, t a se chet.
Ndi rdi n a n g k e u len t h a m thiet: Li Lam! Li L a m chang di,
em xin vinh biet chang... c h a n g h a y t h a thfl cho em. Nang
ddc gdi thud'c ddc vao mieng rdi q u a n quai gifla tieng cfldi ghe
rdn, dac t h a n g cua ba ba t h u d n g ludng. N a n g vfla t a t thd thi
Li L a m chay ve. Muon qua rdi! C h a n g rit len dm lay xac vd
lay goi, nhflng thfldng thay, hdn n a n g da lia khdi xac.
LI L a m dien eudng chay q u a n h . C h a n g vac dao xdng ra
dinh sd'ng m a i vdi bon t h u y tac, t r a t h u cho cai chet eua vd,
nhflng... bdng n h i e n trdi may d a n g md mit bdng dflng sang
len... va la chfla, tfl nhflng k h d m cflc ldn, q u a n h n a n g anh
hao q u a n g rfle rd, trdi t a n h rao b a n , nflde r u t n h a n h chdng,
xac cua bon t h u y tac, ca tfldng ba ba, thudng ludng trdi chat
ea ddng sdng. Li L a m ngd ngae vdi chay de'n ben n a n g tien
quy xud'ng: Thfla... n a n g la...
N a n g tien mim cfldi ndi:
Ta la hoa ldnh qud nggt

LA ket tinh hgnh phuc cho ddi
Thdy Thuy ti bgo ngUdc
Dd chia re Ida doi
Thdy cdc em xdng ddng
HUdng hgnh phuc tren ddi
246
Ta giet lodi gidc dd

Quet sgch bgn tanh hoi
Ta cho phep cong chua
DUdc sdng lgi vdi ddi
Chuc hai em hgnh phuc
HUdng trgn nhdng ngdy vui...
Nang dat bdng boa cflc len ngfldi cdng chfla, cdng chfla bflng
tinh day, nhfl sau mot giac ngu dai. Nang ngd ngae nhin quanh,
chdt tha'y Li Lam, nang chay den, nhflng Li Lam da chi cho
nang tha'y nang tien hanh phflc dang bien di trong khdm cue
vang tren nfli Thuy. Ca hai sung sfldng quy xudng vai theo.
v a tfl dd hai vd chdng Li Lam sd'ng hoa thuan vdi nghe
chai lfldi d ehan nfli Non Nflde' cho den Iflc diu bac rang long.
(Theo ldi ke cua An Viet Dam)
'TCcd anh ejtt hj& Q^rtttfn^

d lang kia cd hai anh em bo Trfldng. Anh la Trfldng Tii,
em la Trfldng Tdn. Hai anh em sdm md cdi cha me. Vi nha
ngheo, lai biet than, biet phan nen anh em cang thfldng yeu
nhau. Dan lang rat thfldng hai anh em nhflng ho cung khdng
nudi ndi than minh vi ban ban mat mua xay ra lien mien.
Dan lang lai khdng cd nghe gi de sinh sd'ng.
1. Niii Non Nu6c la hon mii cao khoang 70 met n i m b phia tay - bic ciia
thi xa Ninh Binh.
247
Mdt bdm Trfldng Tdn d a n g cud'c vfldn d sau n h a thi nghe

tin a n h la Trfldng Tfl bi r l n doc d n . Trfldng Tdn chay r a den
ndi thi Trfldng Tfl vfla t i t thd. Trfldng Tfl m a t dot ngot de lai
ngfldi em sdng cd ddn trong ngheo t u n g . Ngfldi em thfldng
a n h vi biet a n h cd g i n g b i t dflcic n h i e u r l n h a y ech de dai em
mot bfla ngon lanh. C h i n g ngd a n h lai r a di dot ngdt khien
Trfldng Tdn d a u long va a n b a n l l m .
O m b a n trong ldng, Trfldng Tdn tim each t r a mdi thu cho

a n h . L a m t h e nao de b a t dflde eon r a n da can chet a n h minh?
Trfldng Tdn may md, c h a t due, khoet ud'n de lam ra cdng cu
b a t r a n nhflng mai v a n chfla l a m dflde.
Dem a'y, Trfldng Tdn t r i n troe mai ma khdng sao ngu dfldc.
v a o d i u c a n h n a m , Trfldng Tdn met qua thiep di thi Trfldng
Tfl hien ve bao em r i n g :
- Trfldng Tdn, que m i n h ngheo khd, chi cd r a n g tre trflde

n h a , bui hdp s a u vfldn. Vay em h a y dflng tre, dung hdp ma
che r a d u n g cu b a t h e t loai r l n t r a thfl cho anh.
Trfldng Tdn giat m i n h t i n h day, md hdi fldt d i m ca ao. Cd

t h e m a cung khdng nghi r a - Trfldng Tdn nghT the - t h a t la
dang trach. The la vfla sang Trfldng Tdn vac dao ra vfldn chat
tre, chat hdp, may md ehe t r e d a n t h a n h gid t h a n h vit dflng
r l n , dflng ech, chat hdp iam mde, lam gay b i t r l n .
Cd d u n g cu rdi, Trfldng Tdn h a n g hai di bet ao t r e n ddng

dfldi de tim b i t r l n . Ngay dau chua quen, TrUdng Tdn b i t
dUdc it, nhflng ngay sau dfldc nhieu d i n len. TrUdng Tdn dem
nhflng con r l n b i t dfldc d a t trflde b a n thd e i t cd cho tiet chay
248
vao chai rUdu, rdi lot da de li anh minh. Dan lang tbay
TrUdng Tdn tra thfl dUdc cho anh lai cd mot nghe lam ke sinh
nhai nen da tim de'n anh xin dUde hoc. TrUdng Tdn day dan
lang lam dung cu va dung cdng cu de bat ran, bat ech. De
phdng ran can, TrUdng Tdn cdn bay cho moi ngUdi di kiem
cay san day dap dap la'y nUde, lay ba xoa vao tay chan, vao
ngUdi cho ran ngfli thay mui ma sd khdng dam cat d i u len,
bat dfldc de dang.
Vay la Trfldng Tdn khdng chi tra dfldc thfl cho anh ma edn
day cho dan lang nghe bat ran de kiem sdng. Ban d i u cd mot
vai nha sau lan ra d lang Binh Hoa rdi sang lang Thd Mat
rdi lang khac nfla, khap ea vflng Khanh Hdng, Khanh Nhac.
Rdi sau, nhan dan trong vung cdn tao ra nhieu cdng eu khac
de bat lfldn, bat trach...
Chang may chdc, Trfldng Tdn tudi da ve gia. Tudi gia sflc
yeu nen dng da qua ddi. Nhan dan trong vflng chdn ca't dng
rat la chu dao. De ghi nhd cdng dn cua dng, ngfldi dan lang
Binh Hoa da lap mot ngdi mieu nhd dfldi gde da cd thu cua
lang de hfldng khdi thd cflng ngfldi cd cdng truyen day nghe
cho dan lang.
Cho de'n ngay nay, ngdi mieu van cdn, ngfldi lang Binh
Hoa' cung v i n cdn gifl lai dfldc kinh nghiem bat ran rat la
hieu qua.
1. Binh Hoi thuoc xa Khanh Hong, huyen Yen Khanh.
249
Cdng cu thu cdng truyen thdng danh bat thuy hai san.
Jllal tilth Lojig. (DCUL ^hai

Mot chieu mua thu diu diu, nang vang trai rdng tren nga
ba sdng, chung tdi dang mai ngam nhin hdn Non Nflde nga
bdng xud'ng ddng sdng chieu xanh; mdi ngfldi dang theo dudi
mot ndi niem ve nga ba sdng, ve hdn Non Nflde thi nghe tieng
cua mot cd gai vfla cheo thuyen cho ban tha lfldi vfla cat Ien
tieng hd:
Chung quanh nhdng nUdc non ngUdi
Gida hon Non Nudc cd toi vdi ndng.
Giong bd am vang thanh thdt len trong cai dn ao eua sdng
nflde, cfla tieng xe chay van xdn sang long ngfldi. Hdi ra mdi
biet cd gai a'y la con dng Ba d lang Phuc Am (nay la phfldng
Phflc Thanh TXNB). Ong la dan "ndi" lang Van Chai xfla. Tdi
tim de'n dng va dfldc dng ke cai gd'c tich cua Idi ca ay.
Truyen ke ring: Xfla nfli Due Thuy cdn bao quanh la bien
ca menh mdng. C) lang Van Chai cd mot chang trai khoe
manh, cha me chet sdm. Ngay ngay chang theo ban be ra
khdi danh ea, dem ve chang tni trong hang mieu d nfli Due
Thuy Sdn.
Mot hdm, chang trai tha lfldi b i t dfldc mot con ca xinh
dep. Chang da'u moi ngfldi, nudi tha con ca trong vai sanh d
trong hang nui. Tfl dd, mdi ngay chang trai di bien danh dfldc
nhieu ca, tdm hdn. Cfl mdi khi di bien ve, chang vdi vang de'n
cho ca an. Vfla cho ca an, chang vfla ke cho ca nghe ve cudc
ddi cua minh.
250
Con ca xinh dep vd'n la eon gai yeu cua Ddng Hai Long
Vfldng d dudi thuy cung ddi lot ca dao chdi ndi cfla bien gin
chan hdn Non Nudc ma vUdng vao ludi cfla chang trai.
Cam phuc va thfldng men chang trai, yeu thich cudc sdng
lao dong d t r i n the, hang ngay khi chang trai di bien, ca hien
thanh cd gai dep quet don bang mieu va cdm nflde cho chang.
Thay la, mot hdm chang trai vac lfldi ra di tfl sdm. Nfla
dfldng, chang quay trd ve va bat gap cd gai dang thu don trong
nha. Chang miing lam ddn dfldng, nam lay tay cd gai ma ring:
- Ta md edi tfl nhd, khdng nha efla, khdng cd ngfldi than.
Tfl lau, ta da ao flde cd mot gia dinh, sdng nflde la nha, ca
tdm la ngudn sd'ng cua ta. Neu nang khdng che ta ngheo khd
thi hay cung ta lam ban tram nam, ta quyet khdng de nang
phai khd.
Nghe xong, cd gai d m ddng lam! Nang nhan ldi ga nghia
tram nam cflng vdi chang trai chai lfldi.
Dfldc tin vui, dan xdm Van Chai xdn xao ban tan, ai cung
mflng cho chang trai ngheo, cho la vfla ddi phai lfla. Moi ngfldi
d u mong cho ddi lfla hanh phflc den d i u bac rang long.
Ddng Hai Long Vfldng biet tin eon gai trdn nha len dfldng
the lai lay mot chang trai ngheo chai lfldi thi gian lam, lap
tflc sai thuy t h i n len bat cdng chua ve. Nang kbfldc tfl lenh
vua cha, quyet d lai chung sd'ng cung chang trai.
Dflde tin ay, Ddng Hai Long Vfldng ndi gian sai thuy t h i n
gay mfla bao, dang nflde len cao bdi tdi... Nflde tran diy sdng
Van Sang, nflde cudn cuon ao vao ngap lut khien cho ca mot
251
vung Gia Vien, Hoang Long ngap nhfl bien ca. Ddi trai gai
dUde dan lang Van Chai ehe chd, lai dUde Sdn T h i n d nfli
Non Nflde giflp dd, bao ve. Danh mai khdng dflde, quan eua
Ddng Hai Long Vfldng mdi met phai rflt ve. Nui Non Nflde hi
khoet ldm sau vao chan. Dd la da'u tich cua cudc chien ac liet
gifla Sdn T h i n Non Nflde, dan lang Van Chai vdi quan tfldng
cua Ddng Hai Long Vfldng.
Xdm Van Chai mflng vui khdn ta cflng nhau md hoi mflng
chien thang va chuc tung cho mdi tinh dep de cfla chang tieu
ngfl va nang cdng chfla con vua Thuy Te ben lau mai mai.
Tfl dd ddi vd chdng tre cung dan Van Chai chai lfldi tren
sdng, danh ca tren bien de kiem sd'ng. Ho sd'ng rat hanh phflc
trong canh thanh binh.
Ngfldi lang Van Chai truyen mai cau ca ve mdi tinh dep de
a'y cho den bay gid.
(7J^ ehAag. nhaSant

Ngay xfla ngay xfla, tren bd sdng Vac dau nhfl lang Yen
Mat, tdng Thd Mat (ngang vdi Ciia Linh' bay gid) cd vd chdng
1. Ciia U n h la cong Ciia Linh lay nu6c tit song Vac va song Tri Chinh vho
song DUdng Quan tUdi va tieu cho toan bp dong ruong phia bic cac xa
ThUdng Kiem, Luu PhUdng, Tan Thanh, Yen Loc (huyen Kim Sdn), Yen
Nhan, Yen Lam (Yen Mo), gianh gidi giOa Yen Mo vk Kim Sdn ciing la
diem gap nhau cua hai song d hai huyen: song Vac (Yen Mo) va song Tn
Chinh (Kim Sdn).
252
mdt ngUdi thuyen chai sinh sd'ng. Dan Van chai va quanh vung
goi ho la vd chdng nha Sam. Vai ba bd lUdi, mot chiec thuyen
con, vat va vdi sdng nUdc vd chdng nha Sam ebi dfl nudi nhau.
Ho sdng vdi nhau trong tup leu dfldi goc cay da to ngay canh bd
sdng, canh la xum xue bdng mat toa rdng mot vung. Nflde sdng
sdi vao goc da nen chi cdn qua nfla re da an vao ehan de.
Chi Sam la ngfldi phu nfl xinh dep, ngoan net, yeu chdng
rat mflc. Chi mong sdm ed mun eon de vui d n h ngheo. Anh
Sam ngoai chai lfldi cflng vd cdn nudi cua da. Cua da d sdng
Vac nhieu lam. H i m nudi eua da cua vd chdng anh an thdng
vdi sdng Vac. Hang ngay anh tha mdi cho cua an. Lau lau
thanh quen, cua d quanh khflc sdng theo ve tu tap rat nhieu.
Thinh thoang anh van bat dem ban d chd cflng vdi tdm ca ma
vd chdng chai lfldi dfldc.
Mot hdm cd viec, anh Sam phai vao lang, ehi Sam mot
minh cheo thuyen ra kbfle sdng no quang chai danh ca. Moi
lan khflc sdng rat ddng ban chai, vay ma hdm nay vIng ngit.
Linh tinh nhfl cd chuyen chang lanh nhflng da trdt ra den
day rdi!
- Chi chep mieng! Thdi thi quang vai me Ifldi kiem It con
rdi ve an.
Thinh linh, sdng sdng ndi len cudn cudn, trdi dat td'i den,
gid cud'n bui nflde mit mu. Mot ddng xoay nflde cao vut bat
ngd chup xud'ng thuyen, ldi chi xud'ng ldng sdng mat tam.
Sdng lai em dem trdi xudi, chi lenh benh tren mat sdng
nhflng van thuyen vd nat va chiec khan vudng ma anh Sam
mua cho chi ngay hai ngfldi cfldi nhau trdi dat vao bd.
253
C5 trong lang ve, anh Sam khdng tbay vd d nha, lien ra

sdng tim chi. Sdng khdng mot bdng ngfldi cbi thay van nat,
nflde trdi. Anh chay xudi theo ddng sdng nhdn nhac tim kiem
va nhan ra chiec khan eua ebi. Khip ngfldi anh nhfl cd mot
ludng khi lanh khien anh dflng minh kinh hai. Tai nan
khung khiep da xay ra, anh thet len va ngat xiu d trien de.
Tinh day, anh tim md vdt xac vd nhflng khdng tha'y. Tfl day,
anh bd ca iam an, dem ngay thfldng khdc. ,i
Da nhieu lln, anh nhay xud'ng sdng de chet theo vd nhflng
khdng the chet dflde. Anh lap ban thd de thd ehi, dem ngay
hfldng khdi nhd thfldng. Rdi anh bd nghe chai lfldi tren sdng,
chi nudi eua da.
Mot hdm, bat cua da ban cho khach, bdng mot con gifldng
hai cdng cai cap chat lay tay anh. Anh thet len, khach cung
bd di. Khach vfla di khdi, eua da ciing bd tay anh ra. Anh toan
dap chet cho ha gian, con cua da lien ndi: .
- Ong ehu cua tdi di, dng diing vdi ndng!
Nhin quanh chang tha'y ai...
- May ndi dfldc tieng ngfldi fl?
Anh Sam ngae nhien hdi
Phai! Tdi chiu dn dng rdi! Nhd ed dng ma tdi khdng hi dem
di ban. Tdi se dan dng xud'ng dfldi ldng sdng nay gap ba nha.
Anh khdng tin, nhflng rdi cung vao nha t h i p nen hfldng,
mac ao lanh va theo cua da xud'ng sdng. Nd bao anh nhim
mat lai, dat tay len mai nd. Nd re nflde dfla anh di, mot chdc
da de'n ndi. Anh giat minh, md mit, ngd ngae. Trudc m i t anh
254
la cai ddng toan da thi den xi toa ra anh sang xanh le, khap
ndi deu cd ke di ngUdi lai binh thfl quai gd, n i m trong mot
khu rflng toan la ran ret den trang loang id vfla to vfla dai
anh chfla tflng thay bao gid. Dang lo khdng biet di dau thi
tha'y cd gai di den (ed gai ten la Thfldng bi bon thuy quai b i t
xudng day hoa thanh con cua da dan dfldng).
Nghe cd ke, anh mdi biet chi Sam hi ten Thuy quai dan bo
ha di tuin, tha'y chi mot minh lien bat ve nop cho chfla ddng.
Tha'y chi dep, ddng ehu ep cfldi chi iam vd. Chi khdng chiu, lo
sd nhflng khdng biet iam each nao thoat than, chi gia dm lam
ke hoan binh de chd ed hdi. Nhd Thfldng, anh Sam gap dfldc
chi Sam. Ho cung nhau ban dinh ke hoach chay trdn. Chi Sam
gia ddng y lay ehua ddng, hdm cfldi chudc rfldu cd thud'c me
ma giet chua ddng va bon quai quan trd'n khdi ndi nay.
Dfldc chi ddng y la'y Iam vd, chua ddng mflng llm, lien ra
lenh chuan hi tiec cfldi.
Ll cfldi cua chfla ddng td chflc rat linh dinh. Thfldng va chi
Sam chudc rfldu cho chfla ddng. Bon quai quan thi thi nhau
udng. Chua ddng efldi dfldc vd dep, lai dfldc chi Sam thu tiep
thi vui llm. H i n udng bet bat nay den bat khac, say mem
bat tinh. The la ngfldi cflng nhau chay trd'n.
Mot ten quai quan bi it thud'c me tinh day, doan biet am
mflu lien dung giao dam vao ngflc Thfldng rdi lao ve phia anh
Sam. Anh Sam dung cai xfldng ca dam xuyen len cd ten
ngfldi quai lam ban chet ngay rdi be Thfldng chay. Thfldng
t i t thd tren tay anh. Chi Sam than khdc tham thiet, anh
Sam bao chi:
255
Cdng cu thu cdng truyen thdng danh bit thuy bai san...
- Thdi d i n g nao Thfldng cung khdng cdn, hay thoat khdi

ndi nay da.
Ndi rdi, anh chi Sam mang theo xac Thfldng, dung kinh re
nflde rdi khdi ddng trd ve gd'c da xfla. Ho chdn ca't Thfldng chu
dao va lap mieu de thd an nhan nhfl thd cha me minh.
Hai vd chdng anh Sam van tiep tuc sinh sd'ng bang nghe
chai lfldi va nudi cua da. Ho sinh dfldc mot trai, mot gai rat
la khau khinh va sd'ng rat hanh phuc. Ve cud'i ddi, ho chuyen
nha vao phia trong de thudc da't Yen Mat de sd'ng cho yen dn.
Chfla ddng chet, ddng khdng cdn nfla. Cay da xfla da dd.
Chd ngdi mieu thd ngay xfla nay chi cdn nhflng mau gach
ngdi vd nam d day dd. Chd gde da xfla hoam sau vao chan de
quanh nam nflde van nglu dd lang Id. Ngfldi Tdng Thd Mat
phai dap mot doan de vdng bao quanh khue de cd goc cay da
khdng cho nflde vao ddng de bao ve mfla mang.
Ngay nay, ddng sdng Vac van ngay dem em dem chay xudi
ve Tri Chinh dem phu sa bdi d i p cho bai bd Binh Minh vfldn
dai ra bien ca... va cau chuyen nay cung chi lflu truyen trong
dan gian in dau chflng tich ve mot thdi xa llm... ngay xiia
ngay xfla...
256
MOT SO HINH ANH
QUE HUONG, CON NGUOl NINH BINH
Sir DUNG C(')N(; CU THU CCWG TRUYEN THONG
DANH BAT THUY HAI SAN
Hoa sung ao lang

Vua Dinh Tien Hoang
(970 - 979)
Den th6 TrUtfng Han Siei

I
Lau
Nghinh Phong Cac
(Tren dinh nut
Non Nuirc)
Can Non Nirflc - Niii Due Thuy

f77i/ xd Ninh Binh)
Ngfldi thanh nien
cong san:
Ludng Vdn Tuy
Sudi Kenh ga
(Gia Viin)
m
Dang bai tren song Day
Hanh
Guam dang (ni long) a Kim Son
Danh ca bing ludi ben

(tren sdng Ddy)
Khu nuoi tdm (Kim Son)
Danp pan
Nudi ca ldng ti en sdng Hoang Long
Dudng vao Tam Cdc
Siic rd tren sdng Hoang Long

Danh giam
(tren song Hodng Long)
^/*m.^
Danp lirrti « ho Yen Thing (TXTD)

Ciu Tri Chinh Kim Son
(tren sdng Vgc)
Danh Id ram d Kim Sorn

Khu nudi tdm trong de bao
(Binh Minh 2 Kim Son)
Vo be leu d Kim Sorn
••r-yt:. :• •
]
1
H
il u NUGi ioi H H f l H H H H H | |
BBS^^^^
Khu nudi tdm cdng nghiep a Kim Trung, huyen Kim Sorn
05
c
a
Q
• '. '\. :v Mai Dfle Hanh - Do Thj Bay
Phan 2 - CA DAO PHLfONG NGON, TUC N G C
1 - Ca dao:
* Cda Can' mdt ddi thenh thenh

Cd dng Ldo Vgng ngdi cdu cd ngdy.
„.,, , .,r ,, . (Ca dao vung Yen M6)
* Hai cd tdt nUdc ben ngoi

Tdt sao lgi de gdu vdi gdu ddy
Hai CO keo boh sdi ddy
Ldi mdt gdu nUdc, chdng ddy lgi vcfi
Hay Id mdi ngdm chdn trdi
Ngdm anh keo lUdi, gdu vcfi gdu ddy.
(Ca dao vung Yen Khanh, Yen Mo)
* Dem qua trdng td ddu ldng

Xi xuom nUdc dd vgng sang ben ndy
Mieng cUdi, tay keo ddi ddy
1. Ciia Can thuoc thon Yen Mo C^n, xa Yen Mac bay gid. XUa ndi day 1^
bien ca gan ciia T h i n Phu. Den the ki XV ndi day m6i thanh xom lang,
dan cU dong diic. Hien nay cl day vin con cac dia danh Ben NgU, Ben
T i m canh dong Be. 6 day con c6 hon niii co hinh nhU ong lao ngoi cau
ca nen dan gian gpi la La Vong sdn.
Dudi thdi Hau Tran, Tran Ngdi va Tran Quy Khoang tuyen ngoi Hoang
De dung lai VUdng Trieu nha Trin d da't Mo Dp nay va chuan bi cho
cupc khang chien chong Minh dau the ki XV.
257
Chung gdu tdt nUdc muc ddy dd ra.

Trdng rdm soi bdng ddi ta
Dem nay tdt den trdng td mdi thoi.
(Ca dao vung Yen Mo)
* Tren trdi cd ddm mdy xanh

0giUa mdy trdng chung quanh mdy vdng.
Udc gi anh lay dUdc ndng
Deem vdc rd ddi tep vdng ciing anh.
(Ca dao viing dong chiem)
* Ldng ta ten la Yen Mac

Thud sa boi man mac phii sa
Menh mdng ddng Hdi, tdy Hd
Bac - nam tie'p gidp CoDd, Cd Ldm
Ddn thud dy con chdm chdi lUdi
XUa mdy ai cdy hdi cdy hda
Vay nen rudng vdn hoang thda
TrUdc con mUdn loi di vi
Sau ddn ddn mdi ldn be xd ta.
(Ca dao lang Phfldng Tfl, Yen Mac, Yen Mo)
* Hdi cd keo vd tren dong

Cd mud'n dn cd xudng ddm vdi anh
Xud'ng ddm keo vit cho anh
Cup con cd chudi, ve em ndu canh chua.
(Ca dao viing Kim Sdn)
258
Ta vi sdm gid, sdm gdu

Di ddng di dd, mua trdu hdi em
Trdu vdng, trdu hgc trdu tinh
Ddng ddng dd dd cd minh cd ta.
(Ca dao vung khu 4 Kim Sdn)
Em vi thUa vdi me cha

Cd cho em xud'ng keo chdi ciing anh
Keo chdi ldm cd nhiiu tdm
Me em bdo dUdc, sdm hdm ta ciing chdi.
(Ca dao vung ven song Vac, Yen Mo)
Lay anh thi sUdng hdn vua

Anh di ddnh gidm dUdc cua kinh cdng.
Mang vi ndu ndu rang rang
An vdo mdt rudt lgi cdng hcfn vua.
(Ca dao viing Ninh Xuan, Hoa Lu)
Rdi, rui anh ddy, anh dun,

DUdc tdm dUdc tip sdm hdm nhgc nhdn.
Nhgc nhdn anh chang nggi ngiing,
Chi thUcfng em dphong khdng mgt minh.
(Ca dao vung Nho Quan - Gia Vien)
Co em thUcfng di thUcfng ai,

ThUdng anh ddnh gtdm sdn hai qud cd.
(Ca dao vung Gia Viln, Hoa Lu)
259
Cdng cu thu cdng truyen thdng danh bat thuy hai san...
* Thuyin chdi gd lUdi go ddng

An ccfm nda bUa rhgy nhdng cd ngdy.
(Ca dao Gia Trung, Gia Thing huyen Gia Vi§n)
* Menh mdng sdng rach lach ddm

Mdi cheo gd mgn thi thdm tieng ru
Thdi Nghieu - Thudn hay DUcfng - Ngu
Cdi Tri thuy tu thien thu vdn con
Chdp chdi thd vd gd con
Sdng khdi gdi de'n nui non Thdn Phu
Dodi PhUcfng Tam Nggn mdy mu
Cd Kinh Nggc Thd Ddng Tru linh thieng
Nui rua ndm d Bach Lien
Hdu tinh non nUdc thien nhien chdu vi.
(Ca dao vung Yen Mo)
* Chd ddu dn phdn thuyin chdi

NgUdi ddu dn cua ldng Mai bdy gid.
* Thuyin chdi gd lUdi gd ddng

An cdm nda bda chay nhdng cd ngdy.
(Ca dao Gia Vien)
Bao gid cho den thdng ba,

Ech cdn cd rdn tha ra ngodi ddng.
Hdm ndm cho Icm. liem long,
260
Mdt trdm qud hdng nudi ldo tdm mUcfi.

Bdnh due nudt tre len mUdi,
Ggo rang trgn mat nudt ngUdi lao xao.
2 - Phifdng ngon tuc ngCr
* Trai tdi ddnh gidm gdi ddm dun rui

(Gia Viin)
* Khdng ngdm hdng lay gi md rang.

(Gia Viln)
* Thdng chin bdo rUcfi, thdng mUdi bdo ra.
* Thdng chin bdng rUdi, thdng mUdi bdng cd.
* Ngdng Phong Hod', gd Cam Gid^,

cd Lien Thdnh^.
* Chung quanh nhdng nUdc non ngUdi

Gida hon Non Nudc cd toi vdi ndng.
(Ca dao vung Hoa Lu - Gia KhAnh)
1. Phong Hoa nay thuoc xa Ninh Mi, Hoa Lu la ndi nuoi nhieu ngong,
ngong to, thit ngon.
2. Cam Gia thuoc xa Ninh Khanh, huyen Hoa Lu noi tieng nuoi ga nha't la
ga song thien co con nang ba bon kg.
3. Lien Thanh thuoc xa Ninh Mi, huyen Hoa Lu la ndi nuoi nhieu ca nhat
la ca ao nhU trim, chep, me, troi.
261
* Chdp Ddng Cdn, ra sdn chay lua.
* Chdp nui Ddi, qudi hang Mo'.
* Chdp Ddng Cdn^, ra sdn chay lua.
1. Nui Dai, hang Mo thuoc xa Yen Thanh, huyen Yen Mo. Dan d day lau
din, nghiem thay c6 ch6p cl mii Dai, tha'y ning quai ol phia hang Mo thi
trdi s i p mUa to gio 16n.
2. Niii Bung d phia tay bic, niii L6 d phia tay nam xa Ninh Nh4't. NgUdi cl
day nghiem tha'y nhu vay. >- . >jn ,qario . n - i J -<>:'•• .T^ ;
262
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Nien bieu Ninh Binh ndm 2000, Nxb. Van hoa thdng tin.
2. Nien bleu Ninh Binh ndm 2001 - 2002, Nxb. Van hoa thdng tin.
3. Bdo tdng Ninh Binh, Sd van hoa thdng tin tinh Ninh Binh, 1995.
4. Cdng cugc khdn hoang thdnh lap huyen Kim San - Dao T6 Uyen -
Nguyin Canh Minh, Huyen uy - UBND huyen Kim Son, 1990.
5. Huyen thoai Thdn Phd, An Viet Dam - Tran Dinh Hdng - TSp I, Sd
Van hoa thdng tin Ninh Binh, 1996.
6. Bdo cdo tdm tdt ttnh hinh kinh te xd hgi ba ndm 2001 - 2003 cua
UBND tinh Ninh Binh (Tai lieu hdi nghi).
7. Ten ldng xd vd dia du cdc tinh Bdc ki, Ngd Vi LiSn, Nxb. Van hoa
thdng tin - Trung tam Unesco tu lieu VHVN - Ha Ndi 1999.
8. So' tay dia danh Viet Nam, Dinh Xuan Vinh - Nxb. Dai hoc qud'c
gia Ha Ndi.
9. Dgi Viet dia du todn bien, Phudng Dinh NguySn Van Sieu - Vien
Sir hoc va Nxb. Van hoa. Ha Ndi 1997.
10. NgU cu thil cdng chii yeu vd nghe cd d Kien Giang, Doan Nd, Nxb.
Van hoa thdng tin, 2003.
11. Vdn hod dm tliuc cua ngudi Ninh Binh, Dd Thi Bay - Mai Diic
Hanh, Nxb. Khoa hoc xa hoi, 2004.
263
MUC LUC
Trang
Loi md dau 5
Chirong I. DAT VA NGl/Cfl 7

/. Ninh Binh mgt vdng ddt cd, mdt bg phdn quan trgng cua 9
nen vdn minh sdng Hdng
1. Qua trinh hinh thanh ten dja danh "Tinh Ninh Binh" 9
2. V i t r i d j a h 9
3. Dac die'm dia hinh 10
4. Phan bd'dan cu II
5. Dac diem khi hau 11
6. Dac diem thuy van 11
//. Con ngudi Ninh Binh 22
1. Ngudi Viet cd djnh cu d Ninh Binh 22
2. Su hinh thanh va phat trien cac trung tam kinh te' xa
hdi ciia nguoi Viet tren dat Ninh Binh 24
3. Quai de lan bien md mang dai canh tac, di dan va
dinh cu tren viing dat mdi 27
4. Con ngudi Ninh Binh chien dau de' bao vS va lao ddng
de' xay dung que huong 29
5. Khai thac va nudi trdng thuy hai san 32
264
"W^I^IWW""""
Chucmg II. CONG CU THU CONG TRUYEN THONG

DANH BAT THUY SAN 36
/. Cdng cu thu cdng ddnh bdt tdm cd... nudc nggt 36
A. Cdng cu danh bat 36
B. Cac cdng cu hd trd danh bat 109
//. Cdng cu thu cdng ddnh bdt tdm cd nUdc Id mdm 117
A. Mdt sd cdng cu danh bat 118
B. Mot so cdng cu hd tro danh bat 122
///. Cdc bdn ve cdu tgo cdng cii thu cdng truyen thd'ng
ddnh bdt thuy hdi sdn 127
Chumigin. NUOI TRONG THUY SAN 158

1. Uom, tha va nudi ca nudc ngot 158
2. Nudi tdm, cua d vung bai bie'n nuoc lo mam Cdn Thoi -
Binh Minh, Kim Son 160
3. Ngudn thu tir ndng - ngu chiem ti le khdng nhd trong
tdng thu ciia tinh 164
Chirong IV. KINH NGHIEM DANH BAT THUY SAN 165

1. Chpn vung tat ca 165
2. "Tdm chang vang, ca rang ddng" 166
3. Dat Id bdng bat ca 166
4. Su dung cup danh bat ca 168
5. Diing la sdn bat dc nhdi 173
6. cau ca chud'i ,, 174
7. Chan tdm rao bang giam 175
265
Cdng cu thu cdng truyen thdng danh bat thuy hai san...
Chuomg V. cut Bif N THUY HAI SAN VOl DCH SONG 177
1. Nudc mim 177
2. Mudi ca d Trung Ddng (Yen Nhan, Yen Md) 185
3. Gdi "ddt tet" 187
Chuong VI. LdlK^T 199

1. Que hudng va con ngudi Ninh Binh 199
2. Cdng cu danh bat thuy hai san truyen thdng vdi ddi
sdng ciia ngUdi dan Ninh Binh 200
3. Kft hop truyen thdng va hien dai sii dung cdng cu
danh bat, nudi trdng thuy hai san trong chien luoc phat
tri^n kinh l6 ndng nghiep ndng thdn cua Ninh Binh 210
PHU LUC 215

/. Ngdn ngd cdng cu ddnh bdt thuy sdn 217
//. Vdn hgc ddn gian Ninh Binh vdi cdng cu ddnh bdt 227
Ph^nl. Truyen dan gian 227
1. Chi^cvdthSn 227
2. Nang tien ca 238
3. Hai anh em ho Truong 247
4. Mdi tinh lang Van Chai 250
5. Vp chdng nha Sam 252
Ph£n 2. Ca dao phuang ngdn, tuc ngu 257
1. Cadao 257
2. Phuang ngdn tuc ngii 261
Tai lieu tham khao 263
266
CONG CU THU CONG TRUYEN THONG
DANH BAT THUY HAI SAN
CUA NGtfdl NINH BINH
Chiu trdch nhiem xudt bdn:

TS. VI QUANG THO
Bien tap ngi dung:
THE KHOI
Ky thuat vi tinh:
HA VAN
Trinh bdy bia:
NGO XUAN KHOI
Sda bdn in:
PHAN LAN HUONG
CONG CU THU CONG
TRUYEN THONG
DANH B A T T H U Y HAI SAN
CUA NGUOI NINH BINH
T" A T T'T^ M
SACH N H A NUOf^

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CHUONG III

NUOI TRONG THUY SAN

1. Udm, tha va nuoi tom ea niidc ng9t

Udm ca gid'ng la cdng viec ddi hdi ki thuat, kinh nghiem va

2. Nuoi t o m , c u a d v u n g b a i bien niide loi m a m Con

a) Nuoi tom - cua bdng hinh thdc khai thdc nguon

chia ra thanh d (cd chieu rdng 40 de'n 50 met dai 60 de'n 70

b) Nudi torn, cua trong de bao (Binh Minh 2):

3. Ngudn thu tii nong - ngfl c h i e m ti le khong nho

.' • i ::'. . a o i • ••••

c -'M •<-[ i'-'l -y '• ' •'')• .no''

•ii Vv ' .: • : •• -'.o'f

1. Chon vung tat ea

2.'Tom chang vang, ea rang dong"

3. Dat Id bong bat ca

Ngfldi Ninh Binh luan luat a'y ma danh b i t ca phuc vu ddi

4.2. Dung cup up moi:

4.3. Cup bdt cd chep:

4.3b. Tim "tdm cd", diing cup bdt ed chep:

tam ca. Ca chep la loai ca an chim. Khi kiem mdi, nd thfldng

Neu la nhieu hang thi cac hang cup thfldng di so le nhau;

- Cay va la s i n chat bd t h a n h tflng bd nhd. Cung ed t h e bd

Vd'n td md v a h a u a n , ca t i m d e n x e m thfl, tha'y mdi

7. Chan tom rao bang giam

CHE BIEN THUY HAI SAN

"Kinh chdo quy khdch!

M i m rfldi la san pham ed tieng cfla ngfldi dan Yen Ve

2. Muoi ca d Trung Dong (Yen Nhan, Yen Mo)

3. Goi "dot tet"

Thd nhdt Id gdi cd me,

An gdi t h i n h a n h , lam gdi t h i lau. L a m gdi khdng chap

Ngay tfl s a n g sdm, con t r a i va con re ciia dng Dfldng da

Mieng ea gdi phai mdng va dai. Khdng dfldc thai ngan. N g a n

Su chu todn khong diing d dd.

Dflde rdi! Ta chuan bi la vfla day - dng gat d i u ra hieu vdi

CAC SAN PHAM CHE BIEN TIT CON TOM

1- Que hiidng va eon ngvidi Ninh B i n h

Anh nay con trai Hdi Phong,

2 - Cong eu danh bat thuy hai san truyen thong vdi

Ldng d ddy mdi md

, Ldng d ddy chUa cao rdp bdng cdy

Ldng d ddy khong ngo true ud'n quanh

i TrUdc cda nhd siing sdng ddi de cao

Mdy cdy reo hoi hd tren ddng

bien, ngudn ldi t h u y hai s a n tU nhien la ngudn thiic p h a m cd

Co em thUcfng di, thUdng ai,

Day la cudc sd'ng t a t b a t cua d a n sdng nflde t h u y e n chai,

Thuyin chdi go lUdi gd ddng

Nui Dinh' ai ddp md cao?

Mudn ddi no dm, cd gidu,

Ngfldi d a n Ninh Binh sfl dung, d i tien cdng cu t h u cdng

Que ta ddng trdng nUdc trong,

Phai thflc k h u y a day sdm:

Nda dem gd gdy o, o

Cac cu ta xfla day r i n g : Con t r a u la d i u cd nghiep. Nghe

D a n g de ngan, ddn, chan tdm ca. D a n g lam tfl tre trdng 5

Dang dd, vd chai. Chang p h a i la t h u a n mieng ma t h a n h

Cai can cua ngfldi dan la hieu qua.

Mudn cd ca thi di cau, mud'n an canh cua di mde ma, dao

"Thang chin ddi mUdi, t h a n g mfldi mflng n a m " da cd sam

Va khic sau trong long:

3. Ket help t r u y e n t h o n g va h i e n d a i siJf d u n g eong cu

Ddi vdi nghe khai thac thuy san:

+ Khuyen khich eac doanh nghiep tfl nhan d i u tfl vd'n,