ARCHITECTURAL SCIENCE III

LIGHT
THE LUMINOUS ENVIRONMENT

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

lecture 2

DAYLIGHTING

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting
CONTENT
Part 1:
- Definition
- Benefit
- Natural Light components
- Design strategies
Part 2:
- Special Daylighting techniques
- Shading strategies
AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)
 Natural lighting

…DEFINITION

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting

DEFINITION:
In the practice of architecture, daylighting refers to
the use of natural light to support the visual
demands of building occupants.

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting

DEFINITION:
Daylighting is the complete process of designing
buildings to utilize natural light to its fullest.

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting

Example : Ronchamp chapel -Le Corbusier

the wall seems to have been perforated by the force of the light rays.

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting

Example : Jewish museum -Daniel Libeskind

the wall seems to have been perforated by the force of the light rays.

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting

…BENEFIT

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting

BENEFIT:
Daylit environments increase occupant productivity
and comfort, and provide the mental and visual
stimulation necessary to regulate human circadian
rhythm.

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting

BENEFIT:

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting
BENEFIT:
View through a window may influence recovery
from surgery.

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting

BENEFIT:
Utilizing natural light can lead to substantial energy
savings.
Example: Spaces outfitted with daylight-sensing
controls can reduce the energy used for electric
lighting by 20 percent to 60 percent.

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting

C O M P O N E N T S O F DAY L I G H T

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting
Components of daylight
1.Sky component – light received directly from the
sky .
2.Externally reflected component – light received
after reflection from the ground, building or
external surface, pavement, adjacent buildings,
wide windowsills, and objects,
3. Internally reflected component – light received
after being reflected from the surfaces inside a
building.
AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)
 Natural lighting
Sky component
Sun path diagram/ solar chart:
- A sun path diagram is a graphic representation of the solar
window that gives precise data regarding the exact location of the
sun at all times of the year.

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting
Sky component
Sun path diagram/ solar chart:
- The location of the sun in the sky is described as
having two components:
- daily movement around the horizon /Azimuth
- its height above the horizon (Altitude)/angle of
elevation

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting

Sun path diagram/ solar chart:

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting

Solstice and equinox:

- The solstice occurs twice each year (around June
21 and December 21) as the Sun reaches its most
northerly or southerly excursion.

- The days are longer around the

summer solstice and
shorter around the winter solstice.

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting

Solstice and equinox:

- When the Sun's path crosses the equator, the
length of the nights at latitudes +L° and -L° are of
equal length. This is known as an equinox.

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting

Solstice and equinox:

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting

Solstice and equinox:

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting

D E S I G N S T R AT E G I E S

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting

DESIGN STRATEGIES:
It includes all of the following activities:
1. Siting the building - orientation
2. Massing the building
3. Choosing fenestration
4. Shading the façade

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 ORIENTATION

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 ORIENTATION

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 MASSING

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting

Daylighting strategy for massing

-the effect of massing on the availability of
daylight

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting

Daylighting strategy for massing

-the effect of massing on the availability of
daylight

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting

Daylighting strategy for massing

-the effect of massing on the availability of
daylight

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting
Daylighting strategy for side lighting
-For good distribution and penetration of light, the
order of importance for high reflectance finishes is
from 1 to 5.

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 CHOOSING FENESTRATION

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Choosing fenestration
TOP LIGHTING

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting
Daylighting strategy for Top Lighting
SKYLIGHT TOPLIGHTING
The use of skylights to introduce light from above.

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting
Daylighting strategy for Top Lighting
CLERESTORY TOPLIGHT
-The use of high windows, above the ceiling line.
-Best done when the window faces north to prevent
direct solar radiation.

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting
Daylighting strategy for Top Lighting
DOUBLE CLERESTORY TOPLIGHT
- Used to prevent direct solar radiation into the
space.

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting
Daylighting strategy for Top Lighting
SAWTOOTH CLERESTORY TOPLIGHT
Angled ceiling produces more indirect light,
increasing the efficiency of the skylight and
allowing less glazing.

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Choosing fenestration
SIDE LIGHTING

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting
Daylighting strategy for side lighting
-Full- or partial-height glass partitions can enable
“borrowed” light to enter farther into interior
spaces.

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting

Daylighting strategy for side lighting

supply fairly even ambient illumination throughout
--

a space.

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting
Daylighting strategy for side lighting
-Windows should be high on the wall, widely
distributed, and of optimum area.
- Daylight penetration into a space will increase
with the mounting height of the window.

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting
Daylighting strategy for side lighting
Maison La Roche by Le Corbusier, admit uniform light, which is further
improved by placing the windows high on the wall.

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting
Daylighting strategy for side lighting
-Daylight will be more uniformly distributed in a
space if windows are spread out rather than
concentrated.

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting
Daylighting strategy for side lighting

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting
Daylighting strategy for side lighting
Light distribution and quality are improved by the
reflection of sidewalls.

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting
Daylighting strategy for side lighting
Light distribution and quality are improved by the
reflection of pavement.

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting
Daylighting strategy for side lighting
Bilateral lighting is usually preferable to unilateral
lighting.

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting
Daylighting strategy for side lighting
Avoid glare

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting
Daylighting strategy for side lighting
Avoid glare

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting
Daylighting Factor :

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting
RESEARCH TOPIC
THE EFFECT OF DAYLIGHT ON HUMANS PERFORMACE
- Emerging Office Facade in CBD areas of Addis Ababa [around Mexico & Bole]

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

 Natural lighting
to be continued …
LECTURE -3
CONTENT :
- Special Daylighting techniques
- Shading strategies

AASTU_Department of architecture_ Architectural science III_ Light Ins. Dawit M. (MSc)

Thank you!