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PRACTICE SET 2 MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE AND SYMBOLS

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Mathematics in the Modern World Page 9

In English, nouns are used to name things we want to talk about (like people, places, and things);
whereas sentences are used to state complete thoughts. The mathematical analogue of a 'noun' will be
called an expression. Thus, an expression is a name given to a mathematical object of interest. The
mathematical analogue of a 'sentence' will also be called a sentence. A mathematical sentence, just as
an English sentence, must state a complete thought.
A, If possible, classify the entries in the list below as: • an English noun, or a mathematical expression •
an English sentence, or a mathematical sentence In each sentence (English or mathematical), circle the
verb.

How to read Classification

1. dog PAKISEARCH English Noun

2. 125 One hundred twenty-five Mathematical Expression
3. The word 'cat' begins with PAKISEARCH
English Sentence
letter 'K'.
Three plus five is equal to eight. Mathematical Sentence

5. 120-27 One hundred twenty less twenty-

seven Mathematical Expression

6. The car is black. PAKISEARCH English Sentence

7. 12 12 = 24 Twelve multiplied to twelve is equal to
twenty-four. Mathematical Sentence
A number less than one is equal to
8. x-l=o zero.
Mathematical Sentence

9. A number added by four. Mathematical Expression

10. This sentence is false. PAKISEARCH English Sentence
11. a +6=6 + a A number, plus six is equal to six
plus a number Mathematical Sentence
12. bat cat dat PAKISEARCH

13. One million Mathematical Expression

14. lox (X+l) Ten times a number multiplied by the
sum of a number and one Mathematical Expression

15. The square root of four PAKISEARCH

Mathematical Sentence
is two.
B. Translate each of the following phrases into a mathematical expression. Use as few variables as
possible.

1. The sum of a number and 10 X + 10

2. The product of two prime numbers

 3. The ratio of—I and a number

4. Three-fourths times the sum of two numbers 3/4 (x + y)

5. Thrice a number

6. Four less than a number

7. A number, less 8

8. There are twice as many boys as there are girls

9. The area of a rectangle whose length is twice its

width A = (2x) * (x)

10. The cube of a number

C. Write each mathematical expression/sentence into its equivalent English expression/sentence.

1. 7x
Seven times the square of a number.

2. 1/5 (100) = 20 The product of one-fifth and one hundred is

twenty.
3. 3x 4 Three times a number, less than four.

4. + 12 = 3 Twice a number, plus twelve is equal to three.

The square of the sum of five and a number.

The sum of the cubes of the two numbers.

Square root of twenty-five.

Ten less than three added to four is equal to

eleven.
9. (4x)5 The fifth power of four times a number.

10. Two times the square of a number, added to a

number, less than one is equal to zero.
D. Choose a quantity to be represented by a variable, then write a mathematical expression for
each. Do not solve.
 1. Angelo's age in 5 years
Let x = Angelo's current age
Let x + 5 = Angelo's age in 5 years
2. A three-digit number whose hundreds digit is half the tens digit and the tens digit is 2 more
than the units' digit.
Let x, y & z = The digits of the number.
Let y/2 = The hundreds digit of the number.
Let z + 2 = The tens digit of the number.
Let z = the units' digit of the number.
3. The total interest earned after one year when Php 100 000 is invested, part of 6% annual
interest rate and the remaining part at 7.5% annual interest rate.
Let y = The total investment.
Let y + (0.06y) = The first part of annual interest rate.
Let y + (0.075y) = The remaining interest rate.
Let [Y+(O.06y)] + [Y+(O.075y)] = The total interest earned after one year.
4. The distance travelled by a man driving at the rate of 60 kph
Let X = The time spent by the man to travel that far.
Let 60kph(x) = The distance travelled by the man.
5, The total distance travelled by a boat 1 hour upstream and 30 minutes downstream in which the
rate of current is 3 kph.
Let 3kph(1h) = The distance travelled by a boat upstream.
Let 3kph(.5h) = The distance travelled by a boat downstream.
Let x = The total distance travelled by the boat.
= [3kph(1h)] + [3kph(.5h)]
6. The fraction of work done by a man who can finish a job in 2 hours.
Let x = The job of the man.
Let x : 2 = The work done by the man.
7. The percentage of alcohol in a mixture of 3/4 liter of pure water and x liters of 8% alcohol
solution
Let x = The amount of 8% alcohol solution in liters.
Let = The percentage of alcohol in the mixture.
8. The age of a woman 15 years ago.
Let X = The current age of the woman.
Let x— 15 = The age of the woman 15 years ago.
9, The perimeter of a rectangle whose length is twice the width
Let x = The width of the rectangle.
Let 2(2x) + 2x = The perimeter of the rectangle.
10. The sum of three consecutive even integers
Let x = The first integer
Let y = The last integer
Let 3/2(x + y) = The sum of the three consecutive integers.

11. A three-digit number whose hundreds digit is twice the tens digit and the tens digit is 3 more
that the units' digit.
Let x, y & z The digits of the number.
Let 2y = The hundreds digit of the number.
 Let z + 3 = The tens digit of the number.
Let z = the units' digit of the number.
12. The total peso value of 20 coins consisting of P5-coins and PIO-coins.
Let x = The number of P5-coins.
Let 10 + x(5) = The total of peso value which equates to 20.
13. The total distance travelled by a boat 30 minutes upstream and 25 minutes downstream in
which then rate of the current is 2 kph
Let 2kph(.5h) = The distance travelled by a boat upstream.
Let 2kph(.42h) = The distance travelled by a boat downstream.
Let x = The total distance travelled by the boat.
= [2kph(.5h)] + [2kph(.42h)]
14. The fraction of work done by a man who can finish a job in 3 hours and 20 minutes
Let x = The job of the man.
Let x : 3.33 = The work done by the man.
15. The percentage of alcohol in a mixture formed by combining 1 liter of pure water and x liters of
40% alcohol solution
Let x = The amount of 40% alcohol solution in liters.
Let = The percentage of alcohol in the mixture.
E. State whether or not the following are statements. In the case of a statement, indicate if it is true or
false.

1. Mathematical statements. False

2. Mathematical statements. True
3. Not
4. Mathematical statements. True
5. Mathematical statements. True
6. Mathematical statements. True
7. Not

8, PAKISEARCH
9. Not

10. PAKISEARCH

11. Mathematical statements. True

12. Not

13. Mathematical statements. True

14. Mathematical statements. True/False

15. Mathematical statements. True

16. Mathematical statements. False

17. Mathematical statements. False (MDAS)

18. Mathematical statements. False

19. NOT

20. Mathematical statements. True

F. Complete the table below.
SYMBOL SAY MEANS EXAMPLE
Function of x or 'f of x' The value of the other
1
variable
2 PAKISEARCH

3 Square root of y The square root of the Vy, where y = 4, is 2.

variable y
4 Absolute value of x The non-negative Ix-yl, where x = 1 and y
minus y difference of the two = 2, is equal to 1
numbers.
5 Point x, y The name of the point
from a graph
6 PAKISEARCH

7 a times b The product of two a* b, where a = 1 and

numbers b: 2, is equal to 2.
8 X squared The square of a where x = 1, is
number. equal to 1
9 Real number The set of real 2 is an example of a
numbers real number
10 a is greater than b The value of a is higher a>b, where a = 2 and b
than the value of b. = 1, is true.
11 a is an element of PAKISEARCH
12 PAKISEARCH

13 x is to y For every x there is y x = 1, y = 2. The ratio

is
14 x divided by y The quotient of two y, where x = 1 and
numbers y
= 2, is equal to % or
0.5
15 a over b The fraction of two a/b, where x = 1 and
numbers or the y = 2, is equal to 'h
quotient of two
numbers