Bài 1: 3 phần chính của 1 mở bài.

Đây là đề bài

#6. Pollution of air, water and soil has become critical in last years and it takes millions of years
to recoup. What are the main causes of pollution? How can we tackle this problem individually
and globally?

Hãy nhìn vào 2 mở bài sau:

Due to the advancement of technology, the environmental pollution have become one of the most
pressing issues nowadays, and every nation is wondering about how to tackle the problem. In
my opinion, both government and people have to contribute to solve these problems or at least
make it less dangerous.

Due to the advancement of technology, many places are now suffering from various types of
pollution including water, air and soil. As time passes, these have become not only problems to
any government but nations as a whole. This essay will discuss some of the fundamental causes
and thus, provide some possible solution that can be implemented by both parties.

Part 1: General statement

Câu đầu tiên được gọi là General statement. Nó đưa ra chủ đề(topic) dựa trên đề bài và đưa thêm
1 vài thông tin về topic đó (lấy trong đề bài hoặc tự lấy kiến thức thực tế.

Part 2: Referring to the viewpoint or problem presented in the question

Câu thứ 2 để nói về quan điểm (viewpoint) hoặc vấn đề trong đề bài đưa ra. (có đề bài có
viewpoint, có đề bài không)

Còn trong bài Problem-Solution, câu này các bạn hãy dùng để nói về vấn đề trong đề bài

Part 3: Referring to the specific question (không có câu này là bài viết ko có định hướng, giám
khảo có thể trừ điểm rất nặng)

Câu cuối cùng của mở bài dùng để định hướng người đọc rằng bạn sẽ trả lời câu hỏi như thế nào.
Bạn hãy nói rằng mình đồng ý hoặc không với quan điểm của đề bài(Argument essay), hoặc bài
viết này sẽ bàn luận về mặt lợi và hại của vấn đề(Discussion essay), hoặc là bài sẽ đưa ra 1 vài lý
do và giải pháp cho vấn đề(Problem-Solution essay).

Note: 3 câu này để thu gọn topic chung của đề bài vào câu hỏi cụ thể, nói sự liên quan của chủ đề
với vấn đề trong câu hỏi và đề bài với bài văn của bạn

Biểu đồ này sẽ thể hiện rõ hơn điều vừa nói

1. General statement
1 câu general statement nên:
 Nêu ra topic của đề bài
 Thêm 1 vài thông tin nhỏ về topic của đề bài
Để viết 1 general statement, các bạn có thể:
 Sử dụng kiến thức của mình về topic trong đề bài
 Dùng các ý về topic trong đề bài và viết lại thành general statement của mình.
2. Referring to the viewpoint or problem
Để nói về viewpoint hoặc problem của đề bài, các bạn cũng có 2 cách:
 Rephrasing (viết lại câu của ng ta thành câu của mình)
 Sử dụng ý riêng của mình

Bài tập 1: Hãy xác định xem các viewpoint sau đã đc rephrase lại chưa.
Hãy xác định xem các viewpoint sau đã đc rephrase lại chưa. Câu viewpoint đã được bôi đậm
cho các bạn
Many governments have laws that ban the sale and use of hard drugs such as heroin and
cocaine, yet they allow people to buy drugs such as tobacco and alcohol. Laws that prohibit
the sale and use of hard drugs should be applied to all drugs, including tobacco and alcohol.
What is your opinion?
 
Example 1 - A
Some people argue that the laws banning sale and consumption of dangerous drugs
should be enforced for all writes of drugs, including less harmful ones like tobacco
and alcohol.
Đã được rephrased
Chưa được rephrased
 Example 2 - B
Some believe that laws that ban the sale and use of hard drugs should be applied to
all drugs including tobacco and alcohol.
Đã được rephrased
Chưa được rephrased
 Example 3 - C
Some people claim that selling and consuming dangerous drugs like heroin should
 be banned.
Đã được rephrased
Chưa được rephrased

Cách 2. Sử dụng ý riêng của mình

Đề bài: Zoos around the world provide people with the opportunity to enjoy and learn about
animals that they do not usually have the chance to see. However, despite these benefits, it is
unkind to keep animals in zoos. Do you agree?

Đề bài này nói rằng: mặc dù sở thú có thể giúp người dân hiểu về động vật, chúng ta cũng không
nên nhốt động vật vào chuồng như vậy.
Đây là câu bạn A viết sử dụng ý riêng của mình, nó đã được bôi đen

Zoos give people the opportunity to see and learn about the animals that live on this
earth. Although some people believe that it is unkind to keep animals in cages, others say that
zoos provide biologists and scientists with the opportunity to research animals so that they can
be helped in the future. For these reasons, I disagree that keeping animals in zoos is unkind.

Trong câu này, bạn A đã đưa ra viewpoint của câu hỏi (it is unkind to keep animals in cages)
bằng ý riêng của mình (some people say zoos provide research opportunities for biologists and
scientists / animals can be helped in the future).

Bài tập 2 – Referring to the viewpoint

Bạn có thể dùng 1 trong 2 cách để viết lại viewpoint của câu hỏi (đã được in đậm)
The world is consuming resources at an increasing rate. In order to prevent these resources
from being wasted, governments should try to discourage people from constantly throwing
away items and buying the newest and most up-to-date products.
To what extent do you agree?
Your answer
Today, along with the population explosion, resources are gradually decreasing. Besides, the convenience of needs and materials has made people less aware of the waste of
resources. The government has proposed several options such as discouraging people to throw things they don't need, but instead reuse or dispose of them more rationally. In my
opinion, this is extremely correct and needs to be organized.

Some parents believe that their children should do educational activities during their free
time. Others say that in this way children are under pressure. Discuss both views and then
give your opinion

Your answer

Nowaday, with the developing of technology, robot have replaced almost every heavy work like builder, …
Letting the children do education activities during leisure time is believed as the right thing by many people. In addition to studying during class time, these parents think that
doing educational activities will gradually increase their children's points. However, others express their disagreement for this because they think that their children will geting
stress quickly when doing this. Studying for a long time without even resting for a minute will decrease the focus, thus making the quality go down. In my opinion, both have
the good and bad side.
 For centuries, important parts of education have remained such as reading, writing and
maths. With the advent of computers, some people think that computer skills should be added
to the list. To what extent do you agree ?
Your answer
__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Bài tập – Viết mở bài cho các đề bài sau:

Question 1
Due to the influence of world-wide media such as television and computers, the
gap between cultures is decreasing. The introduction of this global culture is of
great benefit to the world.
To what extent do you agree with this viewpoint?
Your answer

The intersection of different cultures can create a population that is racially and religiously diverse. It can also provide an interesting crossover for everyone. However, this can
also create imbalances and possibly lose specific national identities. However, by following the history of Vietnam, I have realized that it depends on the consciousness of the
people. So I agree that cross-culturalism is inevitable, but that doesn't mean it's a bad thing.

Question 2
In the last decade, there has been a great increase in the number and variety of
online courses available to adults. This has been welcomed as a great opportunity
by many students, however, other students see these courses as less effective than
classroom teaching.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of studying an online course?
Your answer
__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Question 3
Cars have become a convenient and economical form of transport and as a result,
the use of cars has increased dramatically during the last century.
Discuss the problems this increase has created, and offer some practical solutions.
Your answer
__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Question 4
Some people think that teachers should be able to ask disruptive children to leave
the class Do you think this is the best way to deal with those children in the
classroom?
What other solutions are there?
Your answer
__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Question 5
Discipline is an ever increasing problem in modern schools. Some people believe
that discipline should be the responsibility of the teachers while others think it is
the role of parents
Discuss both views and give your opinion
Your answer
As you know, disciplines is very important for children’s all around development. However, nowadays many pupils seem to lack of it. Some people believe that it is parent’s duty
to inculcate this skill to their offspring, whist other considered it to be one of the responsibility of teachers. To my knowledge, I believe that both parents and teacher are equally
responsible for this.