Writing Task 2 - Tổng quát chung 2 - Mindmap cho tất cả các dạng của task 2

Writing Task 2 - 2 part question - Phương pháp

Câu hỏi cho dạng bài two questions essay rất đa dạng, ví dụ:

 With the increasing demand for energy sources such as oil and gas, should people be
looking for sources of oil and gas in remote and untouched places? Do the advantages of this
outweigh the disadvantages of damaging such areas?
 Many people decide on a career path early in their lives and keep to it. This, they
argue, leads to a more satisfying working life. To what extent do you agree with this view?
What other things can people do in order to have a satisfying working life?
 Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of
technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships that people
make? Has this been a positive or negative development?
 Why is this the case? Is it a positive or negative development ?
 What are the reasons? What are the effects on society and family ?

Theo đó dựa trên nội dung chính được nêu ra trong đề bài, hai câu hỏi cũng là yêu cầu của đề
bài sẽ được đưa ra. Ứng với mỗi câu hỏi sẽ là một đoạn văn trả lời tương ứng ở thân bài (áp
dụng luôn cho cả những bài bao gồm ba hay bốn câu hỏi nhé).

Lưu ý : Vì bài essay dạng này sẽ mang hai ý trả lời cho hai câu hỏi được nêu trong đề bài,
nên câu thesis statement ở phần mở bài phải bao gồm luôn cả hai ý chính mà các em sẽ viết ở
phần thân bài.

Chú thích: Thesis statement là câu cuối cùng của phần introduction dùng để giới thiệu nội
dung chính của cả bài essay. Vai trò của thesis statement rất quan trọng, nói một cách đơn
giản, nó không chỉ là phần giới thiệu nội dung chính của cả bài essay mà còn là câu trả lời
trực tiếp (không cần chi tiết) cho các câu hỏi được đặt ra trong đề bài. Do đó, nếu thesis
statement không trả lời đủ cho phần câu hỏi được nêu ra bị trừ điểm rất nặng cho dù ở phần
thân bài các em giải thích đầy đủ hai câu hỏi của đề bài.

Hướng giải:

 Chú ý rằng đề bài thuộc dạng này câu đầu vẫn sẽ giới thiệu về topic của bài và sau đó
sẽ đưa ra 2 câu hỏi. (2 câu hỏi bất kỳ. Có thể là hỏi giống kiểu problems & solutions hoặc hỏi
như trên)
 Đối với dạng bài này, bài viết vẫn sẽ chia thành 4 đoạn và chú ý là 2 đoạn thân bài bạn
nên viết một cách cân bằng
Dàn bài chung

Introduction
 Giới thiệu topic (paraphrase lại câu của đề bài)
 Trả lời cả 2 câu hỏi nêu ra ở đề bài. Chỉ cần trả lời chung chung không cần nêu chi
tiết, cụ thể. VD nếu đề bài hỏi tại sao lại có hiện tượng này, thì trả lời chung chung có nhiều
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nguyên nhân gây ra hiện tượng này, chưa cần nói nguyên nhân cụ thể. Đề bài hỏi hiện tượng
này ảnh hướng đến xã hội như thế nào, trả lời hiện tượng này ảnh hưởng đến xã hội theo
nhiều cách khác nhau.
Thân bài 1: Trả lời chi tiết câu hỏi 1

Thân bài 2: Trả lời chi tiết câu hỏi 2

Conclusion: Nhắc lại ý nêu ra ở câu 2 phần mở bài

Ví dụ 1

Nowadays, more and more people decide to have children later in their life.
What are the reasons? What are the effects on society and family life?

Dàn bài

Mở bài:
 Viết lại câu của đề bài bằng cách paraphrase các từ khóa của bài
 Trả lời câu hỏi của đề bài. Đề bài nêu 2 câu hỏi: “Nguyên nhân của hiện tượng ?” và
“Hệ quả lên xã hội và cuộc sống gia đình ?
Thân bài 1: Trả lời câu hỏi thứ nhất: Nêu những nguyên nhân tại sao nhiều người quyết định
sinh
con muộn
 many individuals consider that building their own successful careers is top-priority
 delaying childbirth could give young people countless opportunities to enjoy their
lives
Thân bài 2: Trả lời câu hỏi thứ hai: Nêu những ảnh hưởng lên xã hội và cuộc sống gia đình
 raising children could be a huge challenge for older parents
 getting pregnant after 35 years of age oftentimes carries more potential health risk ->
the quality of the future workforce
Kết luận: nhắc lại ý nêu ra ở câu thứ 2 phần mở bài

Mở bài
 Câu chủ đề: Nowadays, more and more people decide to have children later in their
life
 Câu viết lại: In recent years, the decision of parents to start a family later in life has
become an increasingly popular trend
 Câu hỏi: What are the reasons? What are the effects on society and family life?
 Câu trả lời: There are a number of reasons for this trend, which is having a significant
impact on both family life and on the community as a whole

Thân bài
There are two important reasons why more people nowadays are deciding against having
children when they are young. Firstly, rather than embarking on parenthood, many
individuals consider that building their own successful careers is top-priority. If they had to
split their time between working and bringing up their offspring when they were in the early
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stages of their careers, their performance at work and promotion prospects could be
negatively affected. Secondly, delaying childbirth could give young people countless
opportunities to enjoy their lives. For example, this choice may let young couples have a
richer social life, pursue their interests and hobbies or even to travel the world.

However, this tendency could have negative consequences in terms of both family life and
society. An important concern for a family is that raising children could be a huge
challenge for older parents. Even though they might have a high socioeconomic status, as well
as great experience and knowledge, it may not be easy for them to communicate with and
relate to their children, due to the generation gap. Another negative factor is that getting
pregnant after 35 years of age oftentimes carries more potential health risks. Specifically, this
could increase the danger of having a miscarriage or stillbirth for older mothers, and babies
might be at greater risk of having Down‟s syndrome. Consequently, this could negatively
affect the quality of the future workforce.

Kết luận
 Câu mở bài: In recent years, the decision of parents to start a family later in life has
become an increasingly popular trend. There are a number of reasons for this trend, which is
having a significant impact on both family life and on the community as a whole.
 Câu kết luận: In conclusion, there are a number of reasons why more and more
people prefer giving birth later in life. As a result, there could be negative influences on
individual families and the society at large

Ví dụ 2
Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of
technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships that people
make? Has this been a positive or negative development?

It is true that new technologies have had an influence on communication between people.
Technology has affected relationships in various ways, and in my opinion there are both
positive and negative effects (Thesis statement của bài; trả lời hai câu hỏi của đề bài).

Technology has had an impact on relationships in business, education and social life. Firstly,
telephones and the Internet allow business people in different countries to interact without
ever meeting each other. Secondly, services like Skype create new possibilities for
relationships between students and teachers. For example, a student can now take video
lessons with a teacher in a different city or country. Finally, many people use social networks,
like Facebook, to make new friends and find people who share common interests, and they
interact through their computers rather than face to face (Ý trả lời cho câu hỏi 1).

On the one hand, these developments can be extremely positive. Cooperation between people
in different countries was much more difficult when communication was limited to written
letters or telegrams. Nowadays, interactions by email, phone or video are almost as good as
face-to-face meetings, and many of us benefit from these interactions, either in work or social
contexts. On the other hand, the availability of new communication technologies can also
have the result of isolating people and discouraging real interaction. For example, many
young people choose to make friends online rather than mixing with their peers in the real
world, and these „virtual‟ relationships are a poor substitute for real friendships (Ý trả lời cho
câu hỏi 2).
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In conclusion, technology has certainly revolutionised communication between people, but
not all of the outcomes of this revolution have been positive. (Paraphrase lại thesis statement)
Writing Task 2 - Causes và Problems - Ngôn ngữ và cấu trúc
Ngôn ngữ

Cause:

 Since/Because
 Because of/Owing to/Due to (the fact that)
 The reason that…/why…/for… is that…
 This matter/problem… | can be attributed to …/ is resulted from
 … lead to this prolem…

Effect:

 Thus/Therefore/Consequently.
 As a result/consequence,…
 The result of … is/would be/could be…
 … would/could result in

Solutions

 One possible/notable way to solve/overcome/deal with/mitigate the problem would

be/is …
 People/Goverment/The society/Individuals/ Each individual should focus his/their
attention on + Ving.

Example: Each individual should focus his attention on protecting the enviroment.

Chú ý: tránh dùng các từ ngữ quá “mạnh” như will, definitely, absolutely… mà nên
dùng những từ ngữ mang tính dự đoán như would, may, might, could, likely…

VD về diễn đạt
Câu gốc: We should use green technology to reduce using natural resources.

Các biến thể của câu gốc:

 It is important to use green technology to reduce exploiting natural resources.

 It is advisable to use green technology so that more natural resource would be
saved.
 Green technology should be used by more people to conserve natural resources.

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 It is a necessity that green technology must be applied for the reduction in use of
natural resources.
 In order to preserve more natural resources, green technology should necessarily be
used more commonly.

Writing Task 2 - Causes và Problems - Templates

Template 1
Introduction:
 Paraphrase câu của đề bài
 There are a number of reasons behind this point of view and several solutions should
be proposed to .....

Body
Body 1. Topic sentence 1: There are two primary reasons why ......
 One reason is that ….
 Another reason is that...
Body 2. Topic sentence 2: However, measures must be taken by governments and
international bodies to......
 Firstly,.. /The first solution would be …./One simple solution would be…
 A second measure would be… /Furthermore,…/Also,…
Lưu ý: Solutions ở body 2 phải giải quyêt được các reasons nêu ở body 1

Conclusion:
In conclusion, it is clear that there are various reasons for... (topic), and steps need to be taken
to tackle this problem.

Template 2
Introduction: It is true that (topic). Although there will undoubtedly be some negative
consequences of this trend, societies can take steps to mitigate these potential problems.

Body

 Body 1: Several related problems can be anticipated when (topic) The main issue is
that (problem 1). (Explanation/example). Further pressures will include (problem 2).
(Explanation/example). (Topic) can also result in (problem 3). (Explanation/example)
 Body 2: There are several actions that governments could take to solve the problems
described above. Firstly, a simple solution would be to (solution 1). (Explanation/example). A
second measure would be (solution 2). (Explanation/example). Finally, ( solution 3).
(Explanation/example).

Conclusion: In conclusion, various measures can be taken to tackle the problems that are
certain to arise as (topic)

Template 3: Giới thiệu solutions

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General statement

 In my view, there are a number of actions that could be taken to tackle this issue.
 I honestly believe that there are a few ways to resolve this problem
Solution 1: The easiest way to work it out would be to…/ One possible suggestion is for sb to
do sth. By doing so, what will happen?/ (Or give an example)

Solution 2: What people could also do about this is to……../Another possible course of
action is to …….. If this is done, what will happen? (Or give an example)

Writing Task 2 - Causes và Problems - Phương pháp

Dạng này có thể bao gồm các câu hỏi về: causes and effects, problems and solutions, causes
and solutions.
Khi nhìn nhân 1 vấn đề thường sẽ có trình tự như sau: nguyên nhân >> vấn đề >> kết (hậu)
quả >> giải pháp. Hay causes >> problems >> effects >> solutions.

Chẳng hạn: Describe some reasons for this trend and suggest some solutions

Hướng giải: Phân thân bài thành 2 khổ : body 1 nói về reasons (nếu đề bài hỏi hiện tượng gây
ra vấn đề gì tức là hỏi problems thì viết cho vấn đề), body 2 nói về solutions. Viết một cách
cân bằng cho 2 khổ thân bài.

Dàn bài chung

Mở bài

 Nói về topic (paraphrase lại câu của đề bài)

 Chỉ nêu chung chung là có nguyên nhân gây ra hiện tượng này và có một số cách để
giải quyết nó (không cần đưa cụ thể là nguyên nhân gì và giải pháp gì). Ví dụ đề bài hỏi tại
sao có hiện tượng này, thì trả lời là có nhiều nguyên nhân cho hiện tượng này, chưa cần nói
nguyên nhân cụ thể là gì. Đề bài hỏi các cách giải quyết là gì, trả lời là có nhiều cách giải
quyết hiệu quả để giải quyết cho những nguyên nhân trên.

Thân bài 1: Giải thích các “reasons”

Thân bài 2: Giải thích “solutions”. Chú ý các giải pháp đưa ra phải khớp với nguyên nhân
nêu ra ở khổ 1.

Kết luận: Nhắc lại nhấn mạnh có các nguyên nhân gây ra hiện tượng này và các cách để giải
quyết nó (chú ý paraphrase). Chỉ cần viết ngắn gọn, đơn giản.

Ví dụ 1

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Many people believe that international tourism is a bad thing for their country.
What are the reasons? Solutions to change negative attitudes.

Dàn bài
Mở bài:

 Viết lại câu của đề bài bằng cách paraphrase các từ khóa của bài
 Trả lời các câu hỏi của đề bài: Đề bài “Nguyên nhân của hiện tượng ?” và “Gợi ý các
cách giải quyết để thay đổi các quan điểm tiêu cực này”. Trả lời chung chung: có nhiều
nguyên nhân dẫn đến hiện tượng này và có thể giải quyết bằng một số giải pháp hiệu quả.

Thân bài 1: Nêu những nguyên nhân giải thích tại sao những người dân địa phương thường
coi du lịch quốc tế như một nguyên nhân gây ra những vấn đề xấu ở đất nước họ.

 it may have an adverse impact on traditional customs and indigenous practices

because tourists may be insensitive towards the feelings of local residents
 tourists often pollute or litter beautiful spots and several famous beaches

Thân bài 2: Nêu các cách giải quyết cho các nguyên nhân nêu trên để thay đổi các quan điểm
tiêu cực của dân địa phương với khách du lịch

 tourist agencies should urge visitors to respect the local customs and culture of their
hosts
 bodies such as the World Tourism Organisation must enforce strict regulations on the
tourism industry

Kết luận: nhắc lại ý nêu ra ở câu thứ 2 phần mở bài

Mở bài
Câu đề bài: Many people believe that international tourism is a bad thing for their country
Viết lại: It is widely argued that global tourism has a negative impact on destination resorts
and
countries

Câu hỏi đề bài: What are the reasons? Solutions to change negative attitudes
Trả lời: There are a number of reasons behind this point of view and several solutions should
be proposed to change these oppositional attitudes.

Thân bài
There are two primary reasons why local residents often consider international tourism as a
cause of serious problems in their countries. One reason is that it may have an adverse
impact on traditional customs and indigenous practices because tourists may be insensitive
towards the feelings of local residents. For example, some western tourists visiting developing
Southeast Asian countries may be rowdy or wear unsuitable clothing, which might have an
undesirable influence on the local young people who copy immodest or provocative
behaviour and fashions. Another reason is that tourists often pollute or litter beautiful spots
and several famous beaches in Vietnam, such as Cua Lo and Sam Son, have been spoiled by
this lack of respect for the local environment.

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However, measures must be taken by governments and international bodies to change
negative attitudes toward tourists. Firstly, the unquestionable economic benefits of
international tourism for local economies ought to be more widely promoted through official
media. International tourists spend money in shops and restaurants and create jobs in service
industries and this aspect must be publicised. At the same time, tourist agencies should urge
visitors to respect the local customs and culture of their hosts. Secondly, bodies such as the
World Tourism Organisation must enforce strict regulations on the tourism industry, ensuring
that local operators are responsible for clearing litter and disposing of waste in ways that do
not harm the environment, and issuing international Blue Flags to indicate clean beaches.

Kết luận
In conclusion, only by addressing the concerns of local people will negative attitudes to
international tourism be changed.
Writing Task 2 - Discussion + Opinion - Templates
Template 1
1. Mở bài:

 Paraphrase câu của đề bài

 While there are benefits to ….., I would argue that….(nêu quan điểm của bạn ủng hộ ý
kiến này)

2. Thân bài 1:

 On the one hand…

3. Thân bài 2 (khổ nêu ý kiến ủng hộ):

 On the other hand, I believe that ....

4. Kết luận

 In conclusion, it seems to me that... (Nhắc lại ý nêu ra ở câu thứ 2 phần mở bài, chú ý
paraphrase).

Template 2

1. Mở bài:

 Paraphrase câu của đề bài

 While some people are of the opinion that ..., others think that

2. Thân bài 1:

 It is certainly true that …

3. Thân bài 2 (khổ nêu ý kiến ủng hộ):

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 However,

4. Kết luận

 Therefore, I believe that ...

Writing Task 2 - Discussion - Templates
Template 1

Mở bài:

 Paraphrase câu topic của đề bài

 While there are benefits to …., there are also good reasons why it might be beneficial
to / Many people suppose that …., whereas others believe (that)…

Thân bài

 On the one hand,…….is attractive for several reasons / ……is beneficial in some ways
 On the other hand, , there are a variety of reasons why ….

Kết luận:

 In conclusion, it seems evident that ....(both views)....have their own unique

advantages.
Writing Task 2 - Opinion - Templates
Template 1

Đối với quan điêm : “Hoàn toàn đồng ý (không đồng ý)”

1. Mở bài:
 Paraphrase câu của đề bài
 I do not agree with the idea of …/I do not agree that …/I completely disagree/agree
with this idea.
2. Thân bài 1:
 There are some reasons/a variety of reasons why…..
3. Thân bài 2:
 Apart from the practical benefits/disadvantages expressed above, I believe that.....
4. Kết luận
 In conclusion, I believe that...

Template 2

Đối với quan điểm : “Đồng ý (không đồng ý) một phần”

1. Mở bài:
 Paraphrase câu của đề bài
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 While I accept that this may suit many people, I believe that …../While I disagree with
the idea of….., I do believe that…..
2. Thân bài 1:
 On the one hand,…
3. Thân bài 2:
 On the other hand,....
4. Kết luận
 In conclusion,it is certainly true that…., but this is by no means …..
Writing Task 2 - Discussion + Opinion - Cấu trúc và từ vựng
Impersonal Phrases:

– Some/many/most people | think/consider that…

 Ex: Many people think that fast food is very convenient…

– It is widely believed that…

 Ex: It is widely believed that eating fast food is not good for health.

– It is possible/probable that…

 Ex: It is possible that fast food will become much more popular in the future.

– It can be argued that…

 Ex: It can be argued that in some cases, fast food is better than traditional food.

– It has been suggested that…

 Ex: It has been suggested that people (should) not go out to eat too often.

– Opponents of … think/believe/claim that…

 Ex: Opponents of fast food believe that it is not good for health at all.

Phrases to list advantages:

Sau đây mình sẽ đưa ra một số cụm từ để liệt kê những điểm đúng, điểm mạnh của một trong
hai ý kiến. Những cụm từ này cung sẽ hữu dụng trong dạng bài Advantages and
Disadvantages

– The first/main/most advantage of ….is ….

 Ex: The main advantage of fast food is its convenience.

– One/ another/an additional advantage of ….is ….

10 | P a g e
– What makes … stand out/important/… is …

– One/Another point in favor of ….is ….

 Ex: Another point in favor of fast food is its convenience.

Writing Task 2 - Discussion + Opinion - Phương pháp
Các câu hỏi dạng Discussion + Opinion:

 Discuss both views and give your opinion

 Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages and give your opinion

Hướng giải:
Phân thân bài thành 2 khổ tương ứng với câu hỏi đề bài. Điểm khác biệt quan trọng so với
dạng Discuss là ở đây phải thể hiện quan điểm bản thân vào trong bài

Sự khác nhau giữa balanced opinion và discuss both views and give your opinion:
 Balanced opinion: both views are YOUR views -> you shouldn't talk about "some
people" or "other people“
 Discuss both views and give your opinion: you can talk about "some people's/other
people's" views
Dàn bài chung
Cách tiếp cận 1

Mở bài
 Câu thứ nhất: giới thiệu chủ đề của đề bài một cách ngắn gọn (bằng cách paraphrase
lại câu của đề bài)
 Câu thứ hai: đề cập đến cả 2 quan điểm và đưa ra quan điểm của bạn (ví dụ bạn theo
quan điểm 2)
Thân bài
 Nêu các ý hỗ trợ cho quan điểm 1. Ở đoạn này bạn nên nói về Advantages của ý kiến
mình không chọn. Tuy nhiên, vẫn phải nhìn nhận vấn đề khách quan và nên dùng hiệu quả
Impersonal Language ở đoạn này.
 Nêu các ý hỗ trợ cho quan điểm 2 (thể hiện rõ ràng là bạn ủng hộ quan điểm này). Bạn
nên tập trung bàn luận ý kiến này hơn ý kiến ở paragraph 1 vì đây là ý kiến bạn ủng hộ. Bảo
vệ ý kiến của mình ở đoạn gần kết bài thì sẽ dẫn đến kết bài tự nhiên hơn.
Kết luận: Tóm tắt cả 2 quan điểm và ý kiến của của bạn

Cách tiếp cận 2

Dàn bài làm giống như trong dạng discussion, nêu bật ký kiến cá nhân ở trong phần kết luận.
Không nêu quan điểm cá nhân trong phần mở bài.

Ví dụ 1 (cách tiếp cận 1)

Some people think that it is best to live in a horizontal city while others think of a vertical
city.
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Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Dàn bài:

Mở bài:
 Viết lại câu của đề bài bằng cách paraphrase các từ khóa của bài
 Trả lời câu hỏi của đề bài. Đề bài nêu câu hỏi thảo luận 2 quan điểm: sống ở thành phồ
nhiều nhà cao tầng hay là thành phố với nhiều nhà thấp tầng và hỏi quan điểm mình theo ý
nào -> Mình theo ý sống ở thành phố với nhiều nhà cao tầng
Thân bài 1: Nêu những lý do tại sao nên sống ở thành phố với nhà thấp tầng
 people have to pay less for building services
 living lower to the ground is safer for inhabitants when emergencies occur
Thân bài 2: Nêu những lợi ích của việc sống ở thành phố với nhà cao tầng (mình sẽ theo quan
điểm này)
 A city with skyscrapers will have more space for public usage
 A wide range of goods and services
Kết luận: nhắc lại ý nêu ra ở câu thứ 2 phần mở bài

Bài mẫu:

Some people believe that living in a horizontal city is the best, while the opponents of this
idea prefer to settle in a vertical city. While there are benefits to residents who dwell in a
city which consists of low-rise construction, I would argue that cities with skyscrapers and
high-rise buildings offer more
advantages.

On the one hand, it is beneficial for residents to live in a horizontal city based on a few
financial and security reasons. Firstly, people have to pay less for building services. If
residents settle in a private house, they may save a great deal of money since they will not
have to pay for building services. Secondly, living lower to the ground is safer for inhabitants
when emergencies occur. For example, if a fire starts in the home, they can quickly escape
from the dangerous areas because the building is not too high off the ground and it will not
take much time to leave.

On the other hand, it seems to me that living in a vertical city is the best choice. A city with
skyscrapers will have more space for public usage because there will be less land used for
residential areas due to the amount of people who can live in high buildings. As a result, the
government would be able to use this land to build hospitals, schools or places for
entertainment. Furthermore, it is much more convenient for residents to live in an apartment
in a tall building which offers a wide range of goods and services, thanks to shopping malls
and service centers on lower floors.

In conclusion, while living in a horizontal city does have some benefits, it seems to me that
the advantages of life in a city with skyscrapers makes living in a vertical city the better
choice.

Ví dụ 2 (cách tiếp cận 1)

Some people believe that studying at university or college is the best route to a successful
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career, while others believe that it is better to get a job straight after school.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

When they finish school, teenagers face the dilemma of whether to get a job or continue their
education. While there are some benefits to getting a job straight after school, I would
argue that it is better to go to college or university.

The option to start work straight after school is attractive for several reasons. Many
young people want to start earning money as soon as possible. In this way, they can become
independent, and they will be able to afford their own house or start a family. In terms of their
career, young people who decide to find work, rather than continue their studies, may
progress more quickly. They will have the chance to gain real experience and learn practical
skills related to their chosen profession. This may lead to promotions and a successful career.

On the other hand, I believe that it is more beneficial for students to continue their
studies. Firstly, academic qualifications are required in many professions. For example, it is
impossible to become a doctor, teacher or lawyer without having the relevant degree. As a
result, university graduates have access to more and better job opportunities, and they tend to
earn higher salaries than those with fewer qualifications. Secondly, the job market is
becoming increasingly competitive, and sometimes there are hundreds of applicants for one
position in a company. Young people who do not have qualifications from a university or
college will not be able to compete.

For the reasons mentioned above, it seems to me that students are more likely to be
successful in their careers if they continue their studies beyond school level.

Ví dụ 3 (cách tiếp cận 2)

Some people believe the aim of university education is to help graduates get better jobs.
Others believe there are much wider benefits of university education for both individuals
and society.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

These days, more and more people are making the choice to go to university. While some
people are of the opinion that the only purpose of a university education is to improve
job prospects, others think that society and the individual benefit in much broader
ways.(Very clear thesis)

It is certainly true that one of the main aims of university is to secure a better job. The
majority of people want to improve their future career prospects and attending university is
one of the best ways to do this as it increases a person‟s marketable skills and attractiveness to
potential employers./ In addition, further education is very expensive for many people, so
most would not consider it if it would not provide them with a more secure future and a
higher standard of living. Thus, job prospects are very important.

However, there are other benefits for individuals and society. Firstly, the independence of
living away from home is a benefit because it helps the students develop better social skills
and improve as a person. A case in point is that many students will have to leave their
families, live in halls of residence and meet new friends. As a result, their maturity and

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confidence will grow enabling them to live more fulfilling lives./ Secondly, society will gain
from the contribution that the graduates can make to the economy. We are living in a very
competitive world, so countries need educated people in order to compete and prosper.

Therefore, I believe that although a main aim of university education is to get the best job,
there are clearly further benefits. If we continue to promote and encourage university
attendance, it will lead to a better future for individuals and society.
Writing Task 2 - Discussion - Phương pháp
Các câu hỏi dạng discussion:

 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages.

 What are the benefits and drawbacks?
 Discuss both views
Hướng giải: Phân thân bài thành 2 khổ

+ Dạng 1: body 1: advantages. body 2: disadvantages

+ Dạng 2: body 1: view 1. body 2: view 2

Chú ý: ở dạng này không hỏi quan điểm nên không được nêu ra bấy cứ quan điểm cá nhân
nào.

Dàn bài chung

Dạng discuss both views - thảo luận 2 quan điểm
Introduction
 Nói về topic (paraphrase lại câu của đề bài)
 Giới thiệu rằng view 1 đúng, view 2 cũng có ý đúng
Thân bài 1: nêu nguyên nhân giải thích tại sao view 1 đúng

Thân bài 2: nêu nguyên nhân giải thích tại sao view 2 đúng

Conclusion: Nhắc lại ý nêu ra ở câu 2 mở bài

Dạng “Discuss the advantages and disadvantages” – Thảo luận ưu

nhược điểm
Introduction
 Nói về topic (paraphrase lại câu của đề bài)
 Giới thiệu rằng vấn đề có cả advantages và disadvantages
Thân bài 1: nêu idea hỗ trợ ý advantages

Thân bài 2: nêu idea hỗ trợ ý disadvantages

Conclusion: Nhắc lại ý nêu ra ở câu 2 mở bài

Ví dụ 1:
Some people believe that studying at university or college is the best route to a successful
career, while others believe that it is better to get a job straight after school.
Discuss both views.
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(xem bài mẫu đề này với dạng discussion + opinion ở bài sau)
Dàn bài
Mở bài:
 Câu 1: Giới thiệu chủ đề “sau khi tốt nghiệp học sinh gặp phải vấn đề là nên tiếp tục
học hay đi làm luôn” .
 Câu 2: Cả 2 quan điểm đều có ý đúng (không theo quan điểm nào cả)
Thân bài 1: Nêu những lợi ích của việc đi làm luôn
 start earning money,
 become independent, gain experience, learn skills,
 get promotions, settle down earlier, afford a house, have a family
Thân bài 2: Nêu những lợi ích của việc tiếp tục đi học
 some jobs require academic qualifications
 better job opportunities, higher salaries, the job market is very competitive
Kết luận: nhắc lại ý nêu ra ở câu thứ 2 phần mở bài (chú ý paraphrase lại )

Bài mẫu
Upon graduating from high school, the young often wonder whether they ought to keep on
studying further or not. Many people believe that continuing to study at a university or
college will be the best way to guarantee a successful career, whereas others believe that
working right after school is a better option.

Working straight after graduation is beneficial in some ways. Firstly, by working, young
people will be able to earn money as soon as possible, and since they will likely be mature
enough, they will be able to live independently on their own income. It is also common
knowledge that having a job leads to even more maturity. Secondly, a person who chooses to
get a job instead of pursuing higher education is likely to progress rapidly in their career. This
may help them to obtain a lot of real experience and skills in their chosen profession.

On the other hand, there are a variety reasons why people tend to choose to continue their
education after high school. First, a college education prepares young people to meet higher-
level qualifications, which is what most employers expect these days. University graduates
usually get a much higher salary than those without a university education. Furthermore, the
job market is becoming more and more competitive and nowadays people are well-advised to
get a degree, as hundreds of applicants often chase the top jobs. Having a degree is an obvious
advantage that university graduates have. In Vietnam, students who graduate with an
engineering degree are highly paid and have an easy time getting a good job.

In conclusion, it seems evident that both working right after school and choosing to continue
higher-level studies each have their own unique advantages.
Writing Task 2 - Opinion - Samples
Ví dụ 1: Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every
subject. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

In my opinion, men and women should have the same educational opportunities. However, I
do not agree with the idea of accepting equal proportions of each gender in every university
subject.
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Having the same number of men and women on all degree courses is simply unrealistic.
Student numbers on any course depend on the applications that the institution receives. If a
university decided to fill courses with equal numbers of males and females, it would need
enough applicants of each gender. In reality, many courses are more popular with one gender
than the other, and it would not be practical to aim for equal proportions. For example,
nursing courses tend to attract more female applicants, and it would be difficult to fill these
courses if fifty per cent of the places needed to go to males.

Apart from the practical concerns expressed above, I also believe that it would be unfair to
base admission to university courses on gender. Universities should continue to select the best
candidates for each course according to their qualifications. In this way, both men and women
have the same opportunities, and applicants know that they will be successful if they work
hard to achieve good grades at school. If a female student is the best candidate for a place on a
course, it is surely wrong to reject her in favour of a male student with lower grades or fewer
qualifications.

In conclusion, the selection of university students should be based on merit, and it would be
both impractical and unfair to change to a selection procedure based on gender.

Ví dụ 2: Some people believe that hobbies need to be difficult to be enjoyable. To what

extent do you agree or disagree?

Some hobbies are relatively easy, while others present more of a challenge. Personally, I
believe that both types of hobby can be fun, and I therefore disagree with the statement that
hobbies need to be difficult in order to be enjoyable.

On the one hand, many people enjoy easy hobbies. One example of an activity that is easy for
most people is swimming. This hobby requires very little equipment, it is simple to learn, and
it is inexpensive. I remember learning to swim at my local swimming pool when I was a child,
and it never felt like a demanding or challenging experience. Another hobby that I find easy
and fun is photography. In my opinion, anyone can take interesting pictures without knowing
too much about the technicalities of operating a camera. Despite being straightforward, taking
photos is a satisfying activity.

On the other hand, difficult hobbies can sometimes be more exciting. If an activity is more
challenging, we might feel a greater sense of satisfaction when we manage to do it
successfully. For example, film editing is a hobby that requires a high level of knowledge and
expertise. In my case, it took me around two years before I became competent at this activity,
but now I enjoy it much more than I did when I started. I believe that many hobbies give us
more pleasure when we reach a higher level of performance because the results are better and
the feeling of achievement is greater.

In conclusion, simple hobbies can be fun and relaxing, but difficult hobbies can be equally
pleasurable for different reasons.

Ví dụ 3: Families who send their children to private schools should not be required to
pay taxes that support the state education system. To what extent do you agree or
disagree with this statement?

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Some people believe that parents of children who attend private schools should not need to
contribute to state schools through taxes. Personally, I completely disagree with this view.

For a variety of reasons, it would be wrong to reduce taxes for families who pay for private
education. Firstly, it would be difficult to calculate the correct amount of tax reduction for
these families, and staff would be required to manage this complex process. Secondly, we all
pay a certain amount of tax for public services that we may not use. For example, most people
are fortunate enough not to have to call the police or fire brigade at any time in their lives, but
they would not expect a tax reduction for this. Finally, if wealthy families were given a tax
discount for sending their children to private schools, we might have a situation where poorer
people pay higher taxes than the rich.

In my opinion, we should all be happy to pay our share of the money that supports public
schools. It is beneficial for all members of society to have a high quality education system
with equal opportunities for all young people. This will result in a well-educated workforce,
and in turn a more productive and prosperous nation. Parents of children in private schools
may also see the advantages of this in their own lives. For example, a company owner will
need well qualified and competent staff, and a well-funded education system can provide such
employees.

In conclusion, I do not believe that any financial concessions should be made for people who
choose private education.

Ví dụ 4: Some people think that all teenagers should be required to do unpaid work in
their free time to help the local community. They believe this would benefit both the
individual teenager and society as a whole. Do you agree or disagree?

Many young people work on a volunteer basis, and this can only be beneficial for both the
individual and society as a whole. However, I do not agree that we should therefore force all
teenagers to do unpaid work.

Most young people are already under enough pressure with their studies, without being given
the added responsibility of working in their spare time. School is just as demanding as a full-
time job, and teachers expect their students to do homework and exam revision on top of
attending lessons every day. When young people do have some free time, we should
encourage them to enjoy it with their friends or to spend it doing sports and other leisure
activities. They have many years of work ahead of them when they finish their studies.

At the same time, I do not believe that society has anything to gain from obliging young
people to do unpaid work. In fact, I would argue that it goes against the values of a free and
fair society to force a group of people to do something against their will. Doing this can only
lead to resentment amongst young people, who would feel that they were being used, and
parents, who would not want to be told how to raise their children. Currently, nobody is
forced to volunteer, and this is surely the best system.

In conclusion, teenagers may choose to work for free and help others, but in my opinion we
should not make this compulsory.

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Writing Task 2 - Opinion - Cách làm
1. Các dạng câu hỏi Opinion
 To what extent do you agree or disagree?
 Do you agree or disagree?
 What are your opinion? (phải cẩn thận vì câu hỏi dạng này có phần hơi giống với
discussion essay, discuss both sides and give your opinion.)
 Is this positive or negative development?

Hướng giải: câu của đề bài hỏi quan điểm của bạn. Bạn nên đưa ra quan điểm của bạn thật rõ
ràng ngay ở phần mở bài. Bạn có thể:
 Hoàn toàn đồng ý (hoặc không đồng ý)
 Đồng ý một phần

Chú ý các kiểu câu hỏi trên làm như nhau, đều có thể đồng ý hoàn toàn (hoặc ko) hoặc đồng
ý 1 phần.

2. Dàn bài 1

Mở bài:
 Câu 1: Nêu chủ đề của bài viết, paraphrase lại câu đề bài.
 Câu 2: Nêu quan điểm của bạn (đồng ý hoặc là không đồng ý) hoàn toàn. Một số cụm
hữu dụng : I do not agree with the idea of …/I do not agree that …/I completely
disagree/agree with this idea..../ Personally, I agree that.../ However, I believe that...
Chú ý: Phải thể hiện rõ quan điểm của bạn. Đừng nêu quan điểm của người khác. Ví dụ
"some people believe / other people argue..." . Nêu như vậy sẽ dễ nhầm sang dạng "discuss
both views"

Thân bài 1: “First reason” giải thích cho giám khảo tại sao quan điểm của bạn đúng

Thân bài 2: “Second reason” giải thích cho giám khảo tại sao quan điểm của bạn đúng

Kết luận: nhắc lại quan điểm của bạn (chú ý paraphrase lại toàn bộ câu 2 ở phần mở bài )

3. Dàn bài 2

Đồng ý “một phần”:

Mở bài:
 Câu 1: Nêu chủ đề của bài viết. Paraphrase lại câu đề bài.
 Câu 2: Nêu quan điểm của bạn là đồng ý một phần. Một số cụm hữu dụng để nêu quan
điểm một phần: I “partly” agree, I agree to some extent, Although I accept that ..., I disagree
with the idea that..., While I accept that..., I believe that....,. To a certain extent I agree that ...
However, I also believe that.
Chú ý: Phải thể hiện rõ quan điểm của bạn. Đừng nêu quan điểm của người khác hay nêu kiểu
chung chung. Ví dụ "While there are benefits to …., there are also good reasons…. / Many
people suppose that …., whereas others believe (that)…" . Nêu như vậy sẽ dễ nhầm sang dạng
"discuss both views"
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Thân bài 1: Một mặt, bạn đồng ý vì…

Thân bài 2: Mặt khác, bạn không đồng ý vì….

Kết luận: nhắc lại quan điểm của bạn là đồng ý một phần

4. Ví dụ 1
When choosing a job, the salary is the most important consideration.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

a. Dàn bài (viết theo quan điểm 1 phần)

INTRODUCTION
 Paraphrase the keywords of the topic
 Answer the question part of the task (note: make your opinion clear)
Body 1: discuss why a high salary is important when choosing a job
 having a good standard of living
 motivation
Body 2: two other factors which you consider to be extremely important
 job satisfaction
 the contribution that the work may make towards society
CONCLUSION
 Paraphrase what you wrote in your introduction
b. Mở bài
CÂU 1:

Đề bài: When choosing a job, the salary is the most important consideration.
Viêt lại: It is true that some job seekers select their career based on salary level

CÂU 2:

While I accept that this may suit many people, I believe that others base their job choice on
more important considerations rather than salary alone.

c. Thân bài 1
On the one hand, there are a variety of reasons why people should choose a high-paying
job.One reason is that a wage plays an integral part in guaranteeing an acceptable standard
of living. Being
offered a high salary allows employees to meet their basic needs, buy a comfortable house
and perhaps even go on luxury holidays. Furthermore, one of the best motivations is a
competitive salary. For example, the head of a company may offer a pay rise to a new
employee who is able to achieve a sales target during the year. This rewarding perk will
encourage the new sales staff to try hard and enhance the level of job performance.

Cấu trúc đoạn trên

 Câu 1: Topic sentence

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 Câu 2: Lý do 1.
 Câu 3: Giải thích + ví dụ (buy a comfortable house ...)
 Câu 4: Lý do 2
 Câu 5: Ví dụ
 Câu 6: Hệ quả của ví dụ -> support cho best motivations.
d. Thân bài 2
On the other hand, job seekers have different reasons apart from salary to choose a
job. Firstly, job satisfaction is extremely important when people choose their career. If a
person adores the outdoor life, he will not be happy being a stockbroker or a financier, no
matter that the salaries for both jobs are extremely high. Secondly, contributing to the
community is another reason to consider a job. This could bring about a much more civilized
society. For instance, Mr Kurt a Danish man, who has lived in Vietnam for about 20 years,
has constructed 6 schools and other facilities for disabled children instead of working for the
Danish Embassy.

Cấu trúc đoạn trên

 Câu 1: Topic sentence
 Câu 2: Lý do 1
 Câu 3: Ví dụ
 Câu 4: Lý do 2
 Câu 5: Hệ quả của lý do 2
 Câu 6: Ví dụ.
e. Kết luận
Câu mở bài: It is true that some job seekers select their career based on salary level. While I
accept that this may suit many people, I believe that others base their job choice on more
important considerations rather than salary alone.

Câu kết luận: In conclusion, it is certainly true that money can be an important factor for
many people when choosing prospective employment, but this is by no means the key
consideration for everybody in making a career decision.

5. Ví dụ 2
It is not necessary to travel to other places to learn the culture of other people. We can
learn just as
much from books, films and the internet. Do you agree or disagree?

It is argued that travelling is not essential when people desire to gain understanding about
different
cultures, thanks to a great deal of information in books, films and online. While I accept that
the latter has a number of benefits, I believe that the former could be advantageous to some
extent.

On the one hand, learning about culture through books, movies and the internet could bring a
wide range of advantages. Firstly, people could save a great deal of time by doing this. Instead
of wasting several weeks visiting places, they now find it much easier to just stay at home to
broaden their knowledge about different cultures, due to the breakthrough in storing and
providing information. Secondly, the amount of information which is provided via these kinds
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of media is limitless. It is accessible and easy for people to discover national cultures, which
are usually portrayed in books, films and especially on the internet.

On the other hand, visiting different places could be beneficial in some ways. First, tourists
could gain real and valuable experience through trips. For example, many of the tourists to
Thailand go to watch the shows of transgender models and claim that they could understand
the difficulties of these people. As a result, people would show much more positive attitudes
towards transsexual men and women. Furthermore, travelling gives tourists countless
opportunities to make friends from different places. Tourism could help people to build up
valuable relationships because they may have chances to not only meet but also share feelings
with other tourists from an array of countries.

In conclusion, while I support the idea that books, films and the internet could bring benefits
to people to learn about different cultural aspects, actual travelling is by no means
unnecessary when tourists want to discover lifestyles and national customs of different
cultures.

Writing Task 2 - Tổng quát chung

1. Các dạng câu hỏi thường gặp

a. Opinion

 Do you agree or disagree?

 To what extent do you agree or disagree?
 Is this a positive or negative development?

b. Discussion

 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages.

 What are the benefits and drawbacks?

c. Discussion + Opinion
 Discuss both views and give your opinion
 Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
d. Causes and Solutions
 What are the causes and suggest some solutions to the problem.
e. 2-part question
 Why is this the case? Is it a positive or negative development?
2. Cách làm từng dạng

 Opinion: Đây là câu hỏi về quan điểm của bạn về một vấn đề cụ thể. Nên chọn 1
hướng để viết bài ví dụ đồng ý hoặc không đồng ý sẽ dễ viết hơn vì chỉ phải support 1 khía
cạnh của vấn đề. Cũng có thể làm theo hướng tôi đồng ý hoặc không đồng ý một phần, nhưng
sẽ khó triển khai hơn.
 Discussion: Với dạng này, bạn được yêu cầu thảo luận cả về ưu điểm và nhược điểm
của vấn đề. Lưu ý không đưa quan điểm cá nhân vào vì đề bài không yêu cầu.

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 Discussion + Opinion: Câu hỏi này yêu cầu bạn thảo luận cả hai mặt của một vấn đề,
sau đó phải nêu rõ quan điểm của bạn là theo mặt nào.
 Causes/problems + Solutions: Với dạng câu hỏi này bạn cần trả lời đâu là vấn đề,
nguyên nhân của vấn đề và đâu là các giải pháp cho nó
 2 part question: thân bài chia thành 2 đoạn. Đoạn 1 trả lời ý 1 , đoạn 2 trả lời ý 2
3. Mở bài

Thông thường bao gồm 2 câu:

 Khái quát chủ đề
 Đi thẳng vào trả lời câu hỏi được nêu ra ở đề bài. (lưu ý là trả lời chung chung chứ
chưa nêu cụ thể).

Lưu ý:
 Khái quát chủ đề bằng cách Paraphrase lại câu của đề bài
 Đừng để dành bất cứ quan điểm hay idea nào cho phần kết luận. Đưa ngay quan điểm
của bạn ở phần
 mở bài (nếu đề bài hỏi quan điểm của bạn)
4. Thân bài

Có thể triển khai ý theo 2 cách sau:

a. Bắt đầu bằng một idea, giải thích cụ thể nó, đưa ra các ví dụ dẫn chứng
 Start with an idea
 Explain it in detail
 Give an example
VD:
On the one hand, having a defined career path can certainly lead to a satisfying working life.
Many people decide as young children what they want to do as adults, and it gives them a
great sense of satisfaction to work towards their goals and gradually achieve them. For
example, many children dream of becoming doctors, but to realise this ambition they need to
gain the relevant qualifications and undertake years of training. In my experience, very few
people who have qualified as doctors choose to change career because they find their work so
rewarding, and because they have invested so much time and effort to reach their goal.

b. Nếu bắt đầu bằng 2 hoặc 3 ideas, có thể triển khai theo ý sau:
 There are….
 Firstly/first,….
 Secondly/Also,….
 Finally/Further more,….
VD:
There are good reasons why some people feel the need to make significant changes to their
lives from time to time. Firstly, any new situation that a person encounters can be an
opportunity to learn and grow as a person. A new job, for instance, might present challenges
that push the person to adapt, acquire new knowledge, or add to his or her skill set. Secondly,
a change can represent a break with the past and an old routine which has become boring and

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predictable.Finally, as well as making life more fun and interesting, new experiences can be
good for our physical and mental health.

5. Kết luận

“Paraphrase” những gì bạn viết ở phần mở bài

Chú ý: “paraphrase toàn bộ idea, chứ không phải viết lại or thay một vài từ.

VD:
Introduction: It is true that the top sports people earn incredibly high salaries. Although
reasons can be given to justify this, I personally believe that sports stars should be paid much
less.

Conclusion: In conclusion, I do not accept the argument that sports professionals deserve to
be paid so much more than people who do other important jobs.

Một số template kết luận của các dạng thường gặp

 OPINION: For the reasons mentioned above, I believe that...(+ repeat your opinion).
 DISCUSSION (+ OPINION): In conclusion, there are convincing arguments both for
and against... (topic), but I believe that... (if the question asks for your opinion).
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES: In conclusion, I would argue that the
benefits of.. (topic) outweigh the drawbacks.
 PROBLEM AND SOLUTION: In conclusion, it is clear that there are various
reasons for... (topic), and steps need to be taken to tackle this problem.
6. Một số từ academic thay thế cho các từ phổ biến
 Get: acquire, obtain, gain, receive, harvest
 Have : undergo, encounter, experience, possess
 Give: provide, present, contribute, offer, supply
 Do: participate, perform, conduct, undertake, be involved in, engage to, implement
 Enough: sufficient, adequate
 Not enough: insufficient, inadequate
 Many: various, numerous, large number of, an array of, a variety of, a range of,
countless, an increasing number/ amount
 More: additional, further, added
 Too much: excessive, an excess of
 Things: priorities, sectors, items, articles, objects, issues, concern matters
 Big: significant, substantial, considerable, sizeable, vast, immense, tremendous,
profound
 Important: prime, principal, major, essential, crucial, critical, pressing, urgent, chief,
vital
 Important people: powerful, leading, influential, prominent, wellknown

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