LYCEUM NORTHERN LUZON

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION

MacArthur Highway, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan
Tel No: (075) 568-7963

CRIMDI4
TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
MODULE 1

1.

I. ENGINEERING
A. Function of Traffic Engineering
-Beyond the design and construction of transportation infrastructures, traffic engineering
focuses on the functional aspects of road geometry that make it all flow, including traffic
signs, traffic signals, intersection management and road surface markings.
B. Objective of T-Engineering:
-The goals and objectives of engineers revolve around creating processes and designs, as well
as maintenance and operations duties in a variety of different disciplines
C. Application of the Objectives of Traffic Engineering:
-Traffic engineering helps infrastructure clients: Optimize Road Space. Develop Road Safety
Strategies and Programs. Assess and Implement Traffic Collision Reduction Measures.
D. Methods in Achieving the Objectives of T-Engineering:
- traffic engineering is a method of civil engineering that helps to optimize the performance
and efficiency of the movement of people, goods, and transportation. In the field of traffic
engineering, engineers must look at the whole picture in order to maximize traffic flow and
reduce instanced of congestion: the movement of vehicles on roads and highways; the
movement of pedestrians.
1. Planning and geometric design factor employed in planning.
- Planning with respect to road construction takes into account present and future uses of
the transportation system to assure maximum service with a minimum of financial and
 LYCEUM NORTHERN LUZON
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
MacArthur Highway, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan
Tel No: (075) 568-7963

environmental cost. The main objective of this initial phase of road development is to
establish specific goals and prescriptions for road network development along with the
more general location needs. These goals must result from a coordinated effort between the
road engineer and the land manager, forester, geologist, soil scientist, hydrologist, biologist
and others who would have knowledge or recommendations regarding alternatives or
solutions to specific problems. The pattern of the road network will govern the total area
disturbed by road construction.
2. Factors influencing design.
- Design with a specific function in mind. One of the sole purposes of design is to create
something original, as well as to accommodate the functional needs of the person who will
buy it. At some point, every blouse needs a button, every coat needs a zipper and every
designer needs the ability to answer the question before it is asked: What essential function
will my design specifically employ? Each and every design that is dreamed up, drafted and
eventually distributed serves a unique purpose. Whether it is to charm the pants off the
fashion world, protect a child or deep-fry a turkey, the function of your design needs to be
established.
3. Regulation and control traffic regulation.
- control of the movement of vehicles and pedestrians, chiefly on city streets. Formal
regulation of motor vehicle traffic was instituted in New York City in 1903; a set of Rules for
Driving was issued by the police commissioner, and a traffic squad was formed. Similar
systems were soon adopted in cities all over the world. Since that time, as the volume of
traffic has increased, a variety of control mechanisms have been developed to regulate the
safe flow of traffic.
E. Traffic Control Devices:
-When setting up a large campus, facility, or parking lot, traffic safety falls to the site planner.
Excellent traffic control is important from circulation to signage. Thankfully, most facilities
manage slower speeds than those on public roads and highways, which lowers risk. On the
other hand, people and cars may be more likely to share the road with pedestrians who may
cross erratically through parking lots. In a parking lot, children are more likely to be on the
road surface. Additionally, traffic patterns may not be as well established or understood.
Facilities can take a page from public roadways and install traffic control devices to keep users
safe.
1. Elementary requirements:
-Traffic education is defined here as any kind of formal or informal education that is aimed
at learning and improving the knowledge, insight, skills and attitudes that are necessary for
safe traffic participation, including the wish to safely participate in traffic.

Those who provide traffic education can be schools (traffic education is a legally mandatory
part of the curriculum in elementary schools), but also road safety organisations and
parents. Traffic education is basically meant for all road users in all traffic roles. It is
therefore not only meant for children, but also for novice drivers, older drivers, novice
 LYCEUM NORTHERN LUZON
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
MacArthur Highway, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan
Tel No: (075) 568-7963

drivers of pedelecs, et cetera. Continuous traffic education is aimed at providing traffic

education in all stages of life and traffic roles.

Not much is known about the effects of traffic education. An effect on the crash rate has not
yet been demonstrated. Some evaluations indicate that traffic education can have an effect
on (self-reported) attitude or behaviour, provided the program is properly set up.
Requirements for a well set up programme are:

It focuses on behaviour that has been shown to have a clear relationship with road safety.
It focuses on the group that that shows the problem behaviour; this group is capable of
behaviour change.
It takes into account the reasons why the group shows the behaviour.
It offers the possibility to learn from own experiences.
It is important to evaluate traffic education projects on their effectiveness (improvement of
behaviour, knowledge, or attitudes), didactic quality, and/or reaching the target group. This
makes it possible to use strong programmes more frequently and to discontinue or improve
weak programmes.
2. Fundamental traits:
-Three fundamental properties of road traffic are provided that characterize it as a separate
system—that is, ambiguity, finiteness, and time-space.
3. Types of traffic control devices:
a. Traffic or road sign
-are signs erected at the side of or above roads to give instructions or provide
information to road users. The earliest signs were simple wooden or stone
milestones.With traffic volumes increasing since the 1930s, many countries have
adopted pictorial signs or otherwise simplified and standardized their signs to overcome
language barriers, and enhance traffic safety.
b. Pavement or road markings
 Longitudinal Makings.
 Yellow Center Line Pavement Markings & Warrants.
 White Lane Line Pavement Markings.
 Edge Line Pavement Markings.
 Raised Pavement Markers (Rpm).
 Roundabout pavement markings.
c. Traffic light or traffic signals
-Traffic lights are sets of red, amber, and green lights at the places where roads meet.
They control the traffic by signalling when vehicles have to stop and when they can go.
Traffic lights can also be referred to as a traffic light.
d. Traffic island
-a small raised area in the middle of a road which provides a safe place for pedestrians
to stand and marks a division between two opposing streams of traffic.
 LYCEUM NORTHERN LUZON
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
MacArthur Highway, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan
Tel No: (075) 568-7963

F. Functional Classification of Traffic Control Devices:

-When setting up a large campus, facility, or parking lot, traffic safety falls to the site planner.
Excellent traffic control is important from circulation to signage. Thankfully, most facilities
manage slower speeds than those on public roads and highways, which lowers risk.
1. Regulatory devices
-Signs that display speed limits and messages such as "slow," "stop," or "do not enter."
Warning or caution signs - Signs that provide drivers with specific warning or cautionary
messages regarding slippery roads, y-intersection signs, roundabout signs, narrow roads,
pedestrian crossings and more.
2. Warning devices
-a device that signals the occurrence of some undesirable event. alarm system, alarm.
automobile horn, car horn, motor horn, hooter, horn - a device on an automobile for making
a warning noise.
3. Guiding devices
-The Guiding Device is designed to enhance procedural efficiency. It can be used effectively
to steer the Olympus guide sheath into a required bronchus. Cost Effective: When compared
to other options, the Guiding Device provides a cost-efficient, effective solution for accessing
peripheral pulmonary lesions.
G. Advantages of Signal Installation:
-Traffic signals assist traffic engineers in controlling traffic in a safe, orderly and efficient
manner. They benefit the traveling public by providing orderly movement of vehicles,
improved safety, reduced travel times and increasing the amount of traffic that an
intersection can handle.
H. Disadvantages of Traffic Installation:
 Traffic control signals may result in a re-entrant collision of vehicles.
 They may cause a delay in the quick movement of traffic.
I. Primary Aims of Signal Control:
-The primary function of Traffic Control Signals is to assign the right-of-way at intersecting
streets or highways where, without such control, a continual flow of vehicles on one roadway
would cause excessive delay to vehicles and/or pedestrians waiting on the other roadway.
J. Classes of Traffic Signs:
-Traffic signs are divided into three basic categories: regulatory, warning, and guide signs.The
shapes and colors of signs indicate the type of information a sign will
contain.
1. Danger Warning Signs
2. Regulatory Signs
a. Priority Signs
-Priority traffic signs indicate the order in which vehicles should pass intersection
points. Vehicles often come into conflict with other vehicles and pedestrians because
their intended courses of travel intersect, and thus interfere with each other's routes.
b. Prohibitory Signs
 LYCEUM NORTHERN LUZON
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
MacArthur Highway, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan
Tel No: (075) 568-7963

-forbid a certain action. They indicate certain actions that road users are not allowed
to do.Mandatory Signs
c. Mandatory signs
- are road signs that are used to set the obligations of all traffic that uses a specific
area of road. Unlike prohibitory signs, mandatory signs tell traffic what it must do,
rather than must not do.
3. Informative Signs
a. Advance Signs
-Graphics is comprised of a highly skilled maintenance and service repair personnel.
Every project is completed within your deadline and budget and made to withstand
time and elements.
b. Direction Signs
-A direction sign, more fully defined as a direction, position, or indication sign by the
Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, is any road sign used primarily to give
information about the location of either the driver or possible destinations, and are
considered a subset of the informative signs group.
c. Place Identification Signs
-As the name implies, identification signs identify where the reader is, and point out
specific landmarks or structures. These signs do not provide directions; instead, they
may serve as a kind of “you are here” designation or let users know when they've
arrived at a destination.
d. Confirmatory Signs
-
K. Signs, Shapes and Colors
1. Round and red sign
-Red: Red generally means stop. The use of red on signs is limited to stop, yield, and
prohibition signs. White: A white background indicates a regulatory sign.

2. Round black yellow signs

-Warning Signs
These signs are yellow with black lettering or symbols and most are diamond-shaped. These
signs warn you to slow down and be prepared to stop if necessary; a special situation or
hazard is ahead.

3. Equilateral triangle red signs

-Equilateral triangle
Yield the right of way. Slow down and let vehi cles crossing your path go by. If necessary,
stop before going ahead. If pedestri ans are in or about to enter the crosswalk, stop until
they have crossed the roadway, then proceed.

4. Eight-sided red and white stop sign

 LYCEUM NORTHERN LUZON
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
MacArthur Highway, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan
Tel No: (075) 568-7963

-A stop sign is red, with white letters, and has eight sides. It means you must come to a full
stop. You must wait until crossing vehi cles and pedestrians have cleared.

5. Triangle red and black sign

-Red triangle with a black splat, new traffic sign appeared on the streets. This sign is found in
intersections and on roads without visibility more precisely, in places where many accidents
have occurred because of this.

L. Road Classification:
1. According to Political Subdivision
a. National Roads
-National primary roads form the major routes between the major urban centres.
There are 2649 km of national primary roads. This category of road has the prefix "N"
followed by one or two digits. Motorways are prefixed "M" followed by one or two
digits.
b. Provincial Roads
-are those roads connecting one municipality to another, normally, terminating at
public plazas; all roads extending from a municipality or from a provincial or national
road to a public wharf or railway station; and any other road to be designated as such
by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan.
c. City Roads
-
d. Municipal Roads
-Municipal road or municipal way is or was a category of roads which are owned
and/or maintained by municipalities. Generally, transit sections of higher-class roads
through the built-up area is counted as part of the higher-class road, not as a
municipal road.
e. Barangay Roads
-As distinguished from main highways, barangay roads are minor roads that are
outside the town proper or urban areas. Minor roads within town proper are called
municipal roads or city roads as the case maybe. ... Construction and improvement
projects are selected by the various chairmen of the barangay.
2. According to Function
3. According to Topographical Terrain
M. Functional Classification of Roadway
1. Where part of the roadway is used for
-A road is a wide way leading from one place to another, typically one with a usally
prepared surface which vehicles can use.
2. Where portion of the roadway is for
-Main traveled portion of the road means the portion of the road designed for the through
movement of vehicles, exclusive of auxiliary lanes. An auxiliary lane is the portion of the
 LYCEUM NORTHERN LUZON
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
MacArthur Highway, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan
Tel No: (075) 568-7963

road adjoining the main traveled portion of the road which is used or can be used for the
parking of vehicles.
3. Where vehicles pass safely on
-When it is needed to pass other vehicles, the law requires you to only pass other vehicles
on the left (using the left lane). Avoid passing other vehicles using the right lane unless it is
absolutely necessary to avoid a traffic hazard and when it is safe.