PROJECT REPORT ON

Automatic Door Opening system

By

Adarsh Singh(1671910004)

Vikas Patel(1671910062)

Usman Ahmad(1671910058)

Suraj Patel(1671910053)

Submitted to the Department of CS/IT

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree

of

Bachelor of Technology

In

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

AXIS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University

“MAY,2020
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 B.Tech. Report On

Automatic Door Opening System

Axis Institute of Technology and management

Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam Technical University Lucknow

Under Guidance of:

SHAIL DUBEY

(Assistant Professor CS/IT) Submitted by:

Adarsh Singh (1671910004)

Vikas Patel (1671910062)

Usman Ahmad (1671910058)

Suraj Patel (1671910053)

DEPARTMENT OF CS/IT

AXIS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

ROOMA KANPUR

MAY,2020

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Table of contents page

DECLARATION I

CERTIFICATE II

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT III

ABSTRACT IV

LIST OF FIGURES V

LIST OF SYMBOLS / ABBREVIATIONS VI

CHAPTER -1 1-7

1-2
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2

1.3 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION 3-4

1.4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 5-6

1.5 AUTOMATIC DOOR OPENING SYSTEM WORKING 7

CHAPTER 2 8-16

2.1 PROPOSED SYSTEM 8-10

2.2 MICRO-CONTROLLER 11

2.3 MOTOR DETECTOR OR OPTICAL SENSOR 12

2.4 SYSTEM FLOW CHART 12

2.5 TECHNOLOGY REQUIREMENT 13-14

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 2.6 COMPONENT REQUIREMENT FOR AUTOMATIC DOOR OPENING 15
SYSTEM

2.7 MODULE 16

CHAPTER-3 17-23

3.1 METHODLOGY 17

3.1.1 STEP:1 GATHER ALL HARDWARE(MATERIALS AND TOOLS) 17-19

3.1.2 STEP:2 ARDUINO PROGRAMMING 20-21

3.1.3 STEP:3 HARDWARE CONNECTION 22-23

3.1.4 STEP:4 POWER SUPPLY 23

CHAPTER- 4 24-31

4.1 THEORY CONTAINT PRINCIPLE 24-25

4.2 PRINCIPLE OF AUTOMATIC DOOR OPENING SYSTEM 25

4.3 COMPONENT OF AUTOMATIC DOOR OPENING SYSTEM 26

4.4 COMPONENT DESCRIPTION 27-28

4.5 CIRCUIT DESIGN OF AUTOMATIC DOOR OPENING SYSTEM 29

4.6 WORKING OF AUTOMATIC DOOR OPENING SYSTEM 30

4.7 RESULT OF AUTOMATIC DOOR OPENING SYSTEM 31

CHAPTER-5 32-33

5.1 CONCLUSION 32

5.2 RISK AND FUTURE SCOPE 32-33

5.3 REFERENCE 33

5.4 APPENDIX

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 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief,
it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a
substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or
other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgment has been made in the text.

Signature : Signature :

Name :Adarsh Singh Name :Vikas Patel

Roll No. : 1671910004 Roll No.:1671910062

Date : Date :

Signature : Signature :

Name : Usman Ahmad Name : Suraj Patel

Roll No. :1671910058 Roll No. :1671910053

Date : Date :

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Project Report entitled “Automatic Door Opening System” which is
submitted by Adarsh Singh(1671910004),Vikas Patel(1671910062),Usman
Ahmad(1671910058),Suraj Patel(1671910053) in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
award of degree B. Tech. in Department of Computer Science & engineering of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul
Kalam Technical University, is a record of the candidate own work carried out by him under
my/our supervision. The matter embodied in this thesis is original and has not been submitted
for the award of any other degree.

Date: Supervisor

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the report of the B. Tech Project undertaken during B.
Tech. Final Year. We owe special debt of gratitude to Mrs. Shail Dubey ,project coordinator,
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, College of Engineering, kanpur for her constant
support and guidance throughout the course of our work.

We would also like to thank our project guide Mrs. Shail Dubey for constant support and
guidance .His/her constant input throughout the entire project work was remarkable. It is only
his/her efforts that our endeavors have seen of the day.

We also take the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of Professor Dr Shubha Jain., Head,
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Axis Institute of Technology and Management,
Kanpur for her full support and assistance during the development of the project.

We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of all faculty members
of the department for their kind assistance and cooperation during the development of our project.
Last but not the least, we acknowledge our friends for their contribution in the completion of the
project.

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 VI
ABSTRACT

Automatic is The technology by which a procedure or process is performed with

minimal human assistance. The paper Presents the implementation of automatic
door opening system with entry for college reception .it can be use ed not only for
counting entry for person .It consists of entry unit and exit unit. Each unit Consist of
entry unit and exit unit. Each unit Uno, PIR( passive infrared) sensor and LCD (Liquid
Crystal Display) .in entry unit ,seven segment Display Is used As an Entry counter to
show the Number of Entry Personal. Welcome message and door condition are
Displayed on LCD. In Exit unit ,RTC (Real Time Clock) module shows a format of date
and time on LCDA micro-controller controlled automatic door opener including
means for detecting the velocity and direction of travel of the door. The micro-
controller evaluates detected changes in either the velocity or direction of travel to
determine the cause, and either reverses door travel direction or ignores the
detection. The settings of the door are stored in the memory of the microprocessor.
The micro-controller will regulate the opening and closing speed and the direction of
door travel depending upon a preprogramed sequence. The door control mechanism
is able to differentiate between these internal factors and external obstructions.

The Arduino based automatic door opening system with entry counter for university
library was designed and simulated. To program the micro-controller, Arduino IDE
was used. Proteus Professional software was used to simulate the design. Presence
of every module has been reasoned out and placed carefully, thus contributing to the
best working of the system. In this way, the overall system has been successfully

implemented.

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LIST OF FIGURES

1. Circuit diagram

2. Block diagram of Automatic Door Opening System with Entry and Exit Point

3. FLOW CHART

4. DFD

5. Arduino Board and Sensor

6. 16X2 LED Light

7. Connection of 16x2 LED LIGHT Pwm

8. Power supply
9. CIRCIUT OF AUTOMATIC DOOR OPENING SYSTEM

10. COMPONENT

11. PIR Sensor

12. MOTOR DRIVER

13. OUTPUT OF THE SYSTEM

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CHAPTER-1

1.1 INTRODUCTION

In Today’s World, Automation is one of the trending and emerging technologies

these days. Every time when you enter a room, you need to push the door to open
the door. Imagine there is a door which opens as soon as you come close to the
door.Through this project you are going to build a unique system which
automatically opens the door when there is a person standing in front of the door
and closes the door automatically as soon as the person left.

The automatic door opening systems are used in commercial buildings, shopping
malls, theaters, etc. These systems are used to open the door when a person comes
near to the entrance of the door and closes it after he moves away from the door or
after entering into the door. There are various kinds of sensors are available in the
market to make such types of systems such as Radar sensors, PIR sensors, Infrared
sensors, and Laser sensors, etc. This project uses a PIR sensor to open or close the
door automatically which senses the infrared energy produced by the human body.
When someone approaches the door, the IR energy sensed by the PIR sensor
changes and activates the sensor to open and close the door automatically. Further,
the signal sent to the micro-controller to control the door.

The general operation of the system is whenever there is any person at the entrance
door should be opened. Light focusing on the LDR determines whether a person is
present or not. When there is an object at the entrance, LDR is in dark and
immediately doors are opened. In addition to this, we can add Wi-Fi module, to
upload the door’s present status into the remote cloud and it can be accessed it
from anywhere.

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You will need an Arduino Uno board to act as the brain of the system. The micro-
controller will be connected to a Wi-Fi module to establish an internet connection
program. The system you are going to design will have an LDR (Light Dependent
Resistor) which act as an Eye for the system. You will programme the micro-
controller in such a way that not only the door should be opened, whenever you
some person is standing in front of the door but also it should store the present
status door etc., in the remote cloud simultaneously

1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

1. Arduino/Genuine Uno: The digital and analog input/output pins equipped in

this board can be interfaced to various expansion boards and other circuits. A
serial communication interface is a feature in this board, including USB which will
be used to load the programs from computer.
2. LDR (Light Dependent Resistor): An LDR can be called a variable resistor
controlled by intensity of light. Whenever the LDR is in very low light, the
resistance value of the LDR will be very high (in Mega Ohms). Similarly Whenever
the LDR is under the normal light the resistance value of the LDR will be very less
comparatively (in order of 10^2 Ohms).
3. 7805 IC: IC 7805 is an integrated circuit which can used as a voltage regulator. It
is an electronic circuit that provides a stable DC voltage independent of the load
current, temperature and AC line voltage variations. A voltage regulator may use
a simple feed-forward design or may include negative feedback. Depending on
the design, it may be used to regulate one or more AC or DC voltages.
4. Servo Motors: A servomotor is a closed-loop servomechanism that uses
position feedback to control its motion and final position. The input to its control
is a signal (either analogue or digital) representing the position
5. IN4007 IC: The 1N400x (or 1N4001 or 1N4000) series is a family of popular 1 A
general-purpose silicon rectifier diodes commonly used in AC adapters for

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common household appliances. Its blocking voltage varies from 50 volts (1N4001)
to 1000 volts (1N4007).
6. Wi-Fi Module : ESP8266 Wi-Fi module is generally used to establish the
wireless communication between the devices. But this module is not capable of
5-3V logic shifting and will require an external logic level converter.

1.3 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

1. Initially, interface LDR and Wi-Fi module to the Arduino board.

2. Now Power the system and Upload the code.
3. Place your hand in front of the LDR, immediately you can see the servo motors
moving.
4. The present status of the doors will be sent to the cloud for storage and analysis.

1. SOFTWARE REQUIRED

2. Arduino IDE : You will be needing Arduino IDE software to write and upload the
programming logic onto the Arduino Uno board
3. Thing-speak : Also, you need to create an account in the Think-speak IoT
platform to integrate the system onto the cloud and store the data online
4. Programming language: Arduino Programming (C++)

KIT REQUIRED TO DEVELOP AUTOMATIC DOOR OPENING AND

CLOSING SYSTEM

 Arduino
 LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)
 7805 IC
 IN4007 IC
 Wi Fi Module

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 Automation
 Human Detection
 IOT

Opening and closing of doors have been always a boring job, especially in places
where a person is always required to open the door for visitors such as hotels,
shopping malls, and theaters. Here is a solution to open and close the door i.e,
movement sensed automatic door opening and closing system. This project is used
to sense any body movement near the door. This is achieved with the help of
a passive infrared sensor. Generally, a human body emits infrared energy which is
detected by the PIR sensor from a particular distance. This signal which is detected
by the sensor is fed to a controller to function a door motor through motor driver IC.
When a body reaches the operating range of the PIR sensor, it sends a signal to the
micro controller to open and close the door.

Automatic door opening system is used throughout the world. They are used in

many places such as shopping malls, public buildings, airports, hospitals,

theaters, etc. These systems are used to open the door when a person comes

near to the entrance of the door and close after entered into the door. The

automatic door opening system consists of sensing process, main controller

circuit and motor.

The entry unit is outdoor equipped for the entry door while the exit unit is indoor
equipped for the exit door. The PIR sensor senses the infrared energy produced by
the human body from a considerable distance. This sensing signal is fed to a micro-
controller to operate the door motor through motor driver.

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Automatic Door Opening System with Entry Counter The entry unit is equipped at
the entry door of library. If there is no further movement within the PIR operating
range, the LCD shows welcome message. When a body approaches within the
operating range of the sensor, it sends a logical command to open the door, the LCD
show “Door Opened” and count the entry person. The counting result is shown on 7-
segment display. And then the door automatically closes with a fixed time delay and
the LCD show “Door Closed”.

In the exit unit, the door is opened or closed by sensing PIR sensor. Real time format
is shown on LCD according to RTC module. The quotes for library is also shown on
LCD

The overall system can be divided into four different sections:

 Interfacing to PIR Sensor

 Interfacing to RTC module

 Interfacing to Counter

 Interfacing to LCD

 Interfacing to Motor Driver

1.4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

The circuit connection of an automatic door opening system is shown above. Here, the PIR
sensor consists of three terminals such as Vcc, Dout, and GND. Where Dout pin is directly
connected to pin14 (A0) of Arduino UNO. An LCD display is used to display the status. LCD
display pins RS and EN are connected to 12 and 13 pins of Arduino. Data pins namely D0 to
D7 are connected to Arduino digital pins 8,9,10,11 and RW is directly connected to the GND
terminal. Motor driver L293D is connected to pin0 and pin1 of Arduino for opening & closing
the door. Here in the above circuit, a motor is used for a door.

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Fig 1.3 Circuit Diagram

The circuit diagram of an automatic door opening and closing system is shown
below. The circuit is built with an Arduino UNO, 16×2 LCD, PIR sensor, connecting
wires, breadboard, 1 k resistor, power supply, motor driver and DVD. The micro-
controller (Arduino Uno) needs to receive supply power. Recommended power
supply for Arduino Uno is from 7V to 12V. [1] A PIR sensor is able to sense motion,
and are often used to detect whether a human has moved into or out of the sensor’s
range about six meters. [8] The output pin of the PIR sensor is connected to pin 17 of
Arduino Uno. The DS1307 Real-time clock (RTC) counts seconds, minutes, hours,
date of the month, day of the week, and year with leap-year compensation valid up
to 2100. [9] The serial data (SDA) pin and serial clock (SCl) pin are connected directly
to SDA and SCL pins of Arduino Uno. CD4033 is a 5 stage Johnson decade counter
which convert the Johnson code to 7-segment decoded output. Pin 5 is used to
complete one cycle for every 10 clock input cycle and is connected to pin 7 of
Arduino Uno. A 20x4 LCD means it can display 20 characters per line and there are 4
such lines. [11] The data pins of LCD are connected to pin 8 to 11 of Arduino Uno.
L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver IC that acts as a current amplifier to provide a
higher-current signal. This higher current signal is used to drive the motors. [12] The
input pins are connected to pin 0 and pin 1 of Arduino Uno

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1.5 AUTOMATIC DOOR OPENING SYSTEM WORKING

This automatic door opening system project is used to open and close the door
automatically using the PIR sensor. The hardware and software requirements of this
project mainly include; 8051 series micro-controller, transformer, PIR sensor, the
motor with sliding door, motor driver IC, diodes, resistors, capacitors, crystal and
transistor, Keil compiler, language: embedded C Or assembly.

This proposed system uses a PIR sensor to sense the human body movement near to
the door. Generally, a human body emits infrared energy in the form of heat, which
is detected by the PIR sensor from a particular distance. Then the sensing signal is
fed to an 8051 microcontroller to function a door motor via motor driver IC.

When a live body approaches the operating range of the PIR sensor, it sends a signal
to open the door. The door routinely closes with a particular time delay. If there is no
extra movement within the operating range of a PIR sensor. Interrupt indications are
used through limit switches to avoid the motor’s locked rotor condition.

Moreover, the proposed system can be developed by interfacing a counting

arrangement to count the entry and exit of people at a specific place. This can be
accomplished by interfacing an EEPROM to store the data when there is no power.

CHAPTER-2

2.1 PROPOSED SYSTEM

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This proposed system uses a PIR sensor to sense the human body movement near to
the door. Generally, a human body emits infrared energy in the form of heat, which
is detected by the PIR sensor from a particular distance.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGE OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

ACCESSBILITY

Since automatic doors can be opened without the use of hands, they offer
convenience to everyone even with baggage in both hands or carrying a cart.
Automatic doors are widely used at high traffic places like commercial buildings,
hotels and public facilities to show care and good customer service.

ENERGY SAVING

Automatic doors provide excellent customer service by allowing everyone enters

easily, regardless of their ages or physical capabilities. In Japan, automatic doors for
multi-purpose toilets are highly recommended at public facilities such like stations
and city offices.

HYGIENE CONTROL

The hands-free operation of automatic doors offer a optimal solution to hospitals

and food factories where sanitation is essential. Automatic door with air-tight
function can also prevent the entry of dust and dirt by increasing the air pressure of
the room, which is suitable for operating rooms and other controlled environments.

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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

The hardware and software requirements of this project mainly include; 8051 series
micro-controller, transformer, PIR sensor, the motor with sliding door, motor driver
IC, diodes, resistors, capacitors, crystal and transistor, Keil compiler, language:
embedded C Or assembly.

 REQUIREMENT OF HARDWARE
 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

REQUIREMENT OF HARDWARE

a) PIR Sensor

b) Micro-controller

c) LCD Display

d) Motor Driver L293D

e) 12V Power Supply for Arduino Uno and Motor Driver

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

a. Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

b. Proteus Professional Software

 In the Automatic Door Opening System, the main component or hardware is the
sensor which detects the persons (well, the motion of the person in our case).
For this purpose, we will be using the PIR Motion Detector Sensor.

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 We have already seen in the Arduino PIR Sensor Tutorial about how a PIR Sensor
Works and how to interface a PIR Sensor to an Arduino. Before continuing with
this project, I suggest you to take a look at the Arduino PIR Sensor Tutorial.

 For the purpose of demonstration, I have used a CD Tray to replicate the door.
Whenever the PIR Sensor detects a motion, the CD Tray opens and then closes
after some time.

 In order to control the 5V DC motor in the CD Tray, I’ve used the L298N Motor
Driver Module. I’ve already done a tutorial on controlling a DC Motor using Arduino
and L298N Motor Driver Module. Also read: Arduino DC Motor Control using
L298N    

 This system uses a PIR sensor to sense the human body movement near to the
door. Generally, a human body emits infrared energy in the form of heat, which
is detected by the sensor from a particular distance. Then the sensing signal is
fed to an 8051 microcontroller to function a door motor via motor driver IC.

 These sensors are quite effective, but have one major shortcoming: they can
only detect motion. Therefore, a person standing still or walking very slowly (like
senior citizens) might not be detected, which can lead to accidents.

PIR SENSOR

(passive infra-Red) sensor is a electrical device that detects motion by measuring

changes in the infrared levels emitted by surrounding objects. This electrolytic sensor
divide in two halves remain in same state, means both senses the same level of
infrared. As soon as somebody enters in first half, the infrared level of one half
becomes greater than other, and this cause PIRs to react and makes the output pin
high. This is the CPU of our project. We have used AT89C51 which is a micro-
controller of 8051 family

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2.2 MICROCONTROLLER

 LCD DISPLAY

when a body approaches within the operating range of the sensor,micro-controller

sends a logical command to open the door and the status of the door is show in the
16x2 LCD Display.

 MOTOR DRIVER L293D

MOTOR DRIVER IC can drive motor simultaneously in its common mode, both in
forward and reverse direction.

Block diagram of Automatic Door Opening System with Entry and

Exit Point

2.3 MOTOR DETECTORS OR OPTICAL SENSOR

These days, however, most automatic doors use motion detection sensors or optical
sensors, which are installed on the sides of the door, to trigger the opening/closing

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of doors. These sensors, as their names imply, detect or ‘look for’ motion in front of
the gate. In these sensors, motion is detected by a microwave beam (10.5 GHz)

produced by an antenna that is installed on the door header and generally points in
the downward and outward direction.

2.4 SYSTEM FLOW CHART

FLOW CHART

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2.5 TECHNOLOGY REQUIREMENTS

Most automatic doors use motion detection sensors or optical sensors, which are
installed on the sides of the door, to trigger the opening/closing of doors.

Many people tend to believe that automatic doors are an invention of the modern
world, but it may surprise you to know that automatic doors have been around
for almost half a century. Over time, these doors have become more technologically
sophisticated, but the idea has been around for quite a while! All automatic doors,
irrespective of their type or design, consist of sensors that help trigger the
opening/closing of doors when the need arises.

In the 1960s, ‘control mats’ were used as sensors to detect the approach of
pedestrians. These mats detected changes in the weight/pressure on a specific area
of the ground in front and back of the gates. If the weight that a particular area
experienced was more than the set limit (the ‘trigger limit’ was set lower than the
average human weight), then the doors would open.

FRONT END

These specialized sensors use infrared technology to trigger the opening/closing of

doors. These sensors detect changes in temperature in the area surrounding the
doors, so when an individual approaches the doors, their heat signature is detected
by the sensors, which cause the doors to fly open!

Note that these sensors work efficiently by themselves, but different sensors are
often used in various combinations in a single system to prevent hiccups or
oversight. For example, motion sensors do their job of triggering the opening
mechanism as soon as they sense or ‘see’ motion in front of the doors. However, if
the individual is moving too slowly or standing still near the doors, the pressure
sensors detect the weight of the individual and prevent the doors from closing until
the weight is relieved, i.e., the person moves away from it or pass through the
doorway.

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BACK END

After the sensors detect the presence of an individual, the job of actually
opening/closing the doors must be completed. Sensors are connected to an
electronic drive train, which is attached to the panels of the door through an
auxiliary drive or a cog wheel. The auxiliary drive is connected by rubber belts that
regulate the opening and closing motions of the doors. At the bottom of these doors
are rollers that allow the doors to slide so smoothly. A person would have to stand
or walk over the pressure-sensitive area due to its strategic placement

The advantage of using this kind of system was, and still is, that the doors remain
open as long as there is pressure on the mat, or in other words, if there is a person
standing/walking near the doors. This not only makes it easy for swift entry/exit, but
also prevents the doors from ‘closing in’ on an individual.

2.6 COMPONENTS REQUIRED FOR AUTOMATIC DOOR

OPENING SYSTEM

 Arduino UNO  [Buy Here]

 PIR Sensor  
 L298N Motor Driver Module  [Buy Here]
 CD Tray with 5V Motor
 Breadboard  
 Connecting Wires  
 Power Sup

2.7 Module

The circuit connection of an automatic door opening system is shown above. Here,
the PIR sensor consists of three terminals such as Vcc, Dout, and GND. Where Dout

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pin is directly connected to pin14 (A0) of Arduino UNO.

DFD

An LCD display is used to display the status. LCD display pins RS and EN are
connected to 12 and 13 pins of Arduino. Data pins namely D0 to D7 are connected to
Arduino digital pins 8,9,10,11 and RW is directly connected to the GND
terminal. motor is used for a door

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CHAPTER-3
3.1 METHODLOGY

3.1.1 STEP 1: GATHER All HARDWARE (MATERIALS AND TOOLS)

Gather all hardware required to assemble system. LCD and Piezo Buzzer is not a
mandatory requirement of this system. These are added just only for Visual and
Audio identification to user for status of door whether it is open or closed. To starts
making such mechanical system following elements and
tools are required...

MATERIAL

1. A computer to program instruction, must installed arduino IDE.

2. 2. Arduino controller ( Any of UNO, MEGA etc.) but i took low cost UNO R3 for
learning purpose and making this project for my academic partial fulfillment.

ATMEL : ATmega328-PU

3. HRSC04 Ultrasonic sensor (Used as proximity sensor to sens person or object

arrived at door).

Ultrasonic ranging module HC - SR04 provides 2cm-400cm non-contact

measurement function, the ranging accuracy can reach to 3mm. The modules
includes ultrasonic transmitters, receiver and control circuit. The basic principle of
work:

Using IO trigger for at least 10us high level signal

The Module automatically sends eight 40 kHz and detect whether there is a pulse
signal back

IF the signal back, through high level , time of high output IO duration is the time
from sending ultrasonic to returning

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Test distance = (high level time X velocity of sound (340M/S) / 2

4. 12V DC Motor

Load current: 70mA (250mA MAX) (3V pm)

Operating voltage: 3V ~ 12V DC

Torque: 1.9 Kg.cm

Speed without load: 170RMP (3V)

Reduction ratio: 1:48

Weight : 30gm

No-load current = 60 MA,

Stall current = 700 MA

5. LCD : 16 X 2 DOT MATRIX.

6. Piezo Buzzer

7. Motor Shield : L293D

The L293 and L293D devices are quadruple high current half-H drivers. Reason to use
Motor shield :

You can run motor directly connect to 9-12 V DC supply. The motor will draw current
as much it requites from 12V DC supply. But In this project we have to control motor
with program instruction so we have to connect motor through the arduino
controller which output voltage and current is limited. So when you connect motor
to arduino controller it will draw more current at 5V. So there will be chances to
burn controller. To prevent micro-controller to burn, i used motor shield. which is
simply acts as amplifier.

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8. Mechanical elements : To make a prototype i used plastic acrylic sheet and cut
them into peaces to make a house type model having sliding door.

9. Jumper Wires

10 Power Supply

TOOLS

1. Multi-meter

2. Soldering Iron

The tools are not required, but if you have then you will be good.

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3.1.2 STEP 2: ARDUINO PROGRAM

int in2 = 3;

int sensor = 8;

int led = 13;

void setup()

Pin mode(in1, OUTPUT);

Pin mode(in2, OUTPUT);

Pin mode(sensor, INPUT);

Pin mode(led, OUTPUT);

Digital write(in1,LOW);

Digital write(in2,LOW);

// digital write(sensor, LOW);

Digital write(led, LOW);

while(mills()<13000)

Digital write(led, HIGH);

delay(50);

Digital write(led, LOW);

delay(50);

Digital write(led, LOW);

Digital write(in1,LOW);

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Digital write(in2,HIGH);

void loop()

If (digital read(sensor)==HIGH)

Digital write(in1,HIGH);

Digital write(in2,LOW);

Digital write(led, HIGH);

delay(2000);

Digital write(in1,LOW);

Digital write(in2,LOW);

Digital write(in1, LOW);

Digital write(in2, HIGH);

Digital write(led, LOW);

delay(2000);

Digital write(in1,LOW);

Digital write(in2,LOW);

3.1.3 STEP 3: HARDWARE CONNECTION

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Arduino Board and Sensor

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16x2 LED LIGHT Pwm

Connects all hardware to arduino controller. The attached schematics are just for the
reference only. You may use pins as per available at controller board. The best way
you can use my program for pin information. Also you raise me request to share

Provide

3.1.4 STEP:4 POWER SUPPLY

 To supply 12V and 5A current as an input

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CHAPTER-4

4.1 THEORY CONTAINT PRINCIPLE

Automatic Door Opening System is a simple automated system, where the door is
automatically opened up on detecting a person and automatically closes after some
time. Opening and closing of doors have been always a tedious and boring job,
especially in places where a person is always required to open the door for visitors
such as hotels, shopping malls, theaters, etc. 

Connection of 16x2 LED LIGHT Pwm

Automatic door opening systems are used in many places like shopping malls, bur or
railway stations, airports, etc. to eliminate manual control of opening and closing the
doors. Automatic door opening systems can be implemented using different sensors
like Infrared, pressure, ultrasonic, laser etc. This project deals with an interesting
manner of automating the process of opening and closing the door by detecting the
presence of a human.

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Power supply

This automatic door opening system project is used to open and close the door
automatically using the PIR sensor. The hardware and software requirements of this
project mainly include; 8051 series micro-controller, transformer, PIR sensor, the
motor with sliding door, motor driver IC, diodes, resistors, capacitors, crystal and
transistor, Keil compiler, language: embedded C Or assembly

4.2 PRINCIPLE OF AUTOMATIC DOOR OPENING SYSTEM

The principle of the project lies in the functioning of the PIR Sensor. A PIR or Passive
Infra-red Sensor, as the name indicates, doesn’t emit infrared rays but only detects
them.

All humans emit infrared radiations in the form of body heat. A PIR Sensor will
capture the difference between the room temperature and body temperature in the
form of change in infrared radiation.

This change in infrared pattern is converted to a voltage. The voltage from the Data
Out of the PIR Sensor can be given to a micro-controller for further processing like
controlling a motor etc.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

4.3 COMPONENT OF AUTOMATIC DOOR OPENING SYSTEM

 AT89C51 Micro-controller
 AT89C51 Programmer Board
 11.0592 MHz Quartz Crystal
 2 x 22pF Ceramic Capacitor
 2 x 10KΩ Resistor
 10µF Electrolytic Capacitor
 Push Button
 16 x 2 LCD Display
 3 x 1KΩ Resistor

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 10KΩ POT
 Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR Sensor)
 L293D Motor Driver
 Motor
 Connecting Wires

4.4 COMPONENT DESCRIPTION

 PIR( Passive Infra-Red) Sensor is a photoelectric device.

 Generally, a human body emits heat in the form of infrared energy. A PIR sensor
detects the motion by checking for the sudden changes in the surrounding
infrared pattern.

PIR Sensor

 The PIR sensor has a 3-pin connection.

 Pin 1 is the Vcc pin. It must be connected to 5V supply.
 Pin 2 is the Data Out pin.
 Pin 3 is the Ground pin. It must be connected to ground.

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The range of this sensor is 30 feet. It can be reduced to 15 feet using a jumper. The
output of a PIR sensor is a digital output. So interfacing a PIR with micro-controller
is very easy and simple as all you need to do is to check for the pin to go high or
low.

For proper operation, the PIR sensor must be given a warm up time of 20 to 60
seconds. During this time, the PIR sensor calibrates itself .If the sensor is not given
enough calibrating time, the output of the PIR sensor may be erroneous. PIR
Datasheet

L293D MOTOR DRIVER

The motor driver used in the project is L293D. It is a dual H-bridge motor driver
integrated circuit (IC).

MOTOR DRIVER

Motor drivers act as current amplifiers since they take a low current control signal
and provide a higher current signal which drives the motors.

It can drive two motors simultaneously in its common mode, both in forward and
reverse direction. L293D Motor Drive is available in 16-pin Dual in-line Package.

4.5 CIRCUIT DESIGN OF AUTOMATIC DOOR OPENING SYSTEM

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 The main components of the project are 8051 Micro-controller, 16 x 2 LCD
Display, PIR Sensor, L293D Motor Driver and a motor.

 First we’ll see the connections of micro controller. A reset switch is needed to
reset the micro-controller. The reset switch is generally associated with a 10K
Resistor and a 10uF capacitor. The connections are mentioned in the circuit
diagram.

 An 11.0592 MHz crystal along with two 22pF Capacitors will form the
external oscillator circuit for the micro-controller. The EA pin must be
connected to Vcc using a 10K Resistor.

 The 16 x 2 LCD is used to display the status and other messages. The
connections of the LCD are mentioned in the circuit diagram. A 10K POT is
connected to Pin 3 of the LCD to adjust the contrast.

 The RS, RW and E pins of the LCD must be connected to PORT 0 pins i.e. P0.0
to P0.2. But before that, the PORT 0 pins must be pulled high using 1K
resistors. The data pins of the LCD i.e. D0 to D7 are connected to PORT 2 of
the micro-controller.

 The PIR Sensor has only one data out pin. It must be connected to P3.0 of the
micro-controller. The other two pins are power supply pins.

 The next component is the motor driver. Connect the two input pins i.e. IN1
and IN2 (Pins 2 and 7) to P3.6 and P3.7 of the micro-controller. Also the
Enable 1 (EN1 – Pin1) is connected to Vcc to enable the driver channel 1. A
motor is connected to OUT1 and OUT2 (Pins 3 and 6) of the motor driver. 

4.6 WORKING OF AUTOMATIC DOOR OPENING SYSTEM

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The aim of this project is to design an Automatic Door Opening system using 8051
micro-controller, in which the door is automatically opened and closed by detecting
the movement of a person.

Before going to the working of the project, let us see the basic requirements of the
project.

 When a person approaches the door through the doorway, the system must
detect the person and open the door automatically.
 The door should stay open as long as the doorway is not clear i.e. as long as the
system detects a person.
 Once the doorway is cleared, the system must close the door automatically and
wait for the next person.

Considering the above requirements, the working of the project is explained here.
Once we turn on the circuit, the micro-controller will initialization the PIR sensor
with a settling time of 20 seconds for the sensor to calibrate the surroundings.
During this time, the LCD will display the message as Loading.

Once the setup is done, the PIR sensor is now ready to detect the human movement
within its range. At this time, the micro-controller will display the message as
Scanning on the LCD display.

If there is any human movement in front of the PIR Sensor, it will detect the
movement and indicate the micro-controller by making the data out pin Logic HIGH.

Now, the micro-controller will open the door by initialing the motor driver. A
welcome message is displayed on the LCD. The door remains open as long as the
data out from the PIR Sensor is high.

When there is no human movement, the data out of the PIR Sensor becomes LOW.
Once the data out is LOW, after a small delay, the door is automatically closed and
comes back to initial position.

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APPLICATION AND ADVANTAGE

 Automatic Door Opening System can be implemented where the door is

automatically opened and closed without any manual control.
 Since the door is opened only when a person is detected and remains close all
other times, it can save a lot of energy in the form air conditioning.
 An automatic door system with sliding doors can be useful for aged and
disabled.
 Can be implemented with additional features like face detection to track the
trajectory in security applications.

4.7 RESULT OF AUTOMATIC DOOR OPENING SYSTEM

The project “AUTOMATIC DOOR OPENING AND CLOSING” was designed to

automated security access system for domestic and industrial applications. The
system makes use of a micro-controller. The output from PIR sensor is fed as input to
the PIC micro-controller. The PIC micro-controller will continuously monitors the
output from PIR sensor and generates logic low or high. The output generated from
PIR sensor is used to control the DC motor. The system uses temperature sensor for
the monitoring the room temperature. If the temperature is high then the door will
be open.

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OUTPUT OF THE SYSTEM

CHAPTER-5

5.1 CONCLUSION

Integrating features of all the hardware components used have been developed in it.
Presence of every module has been reasoned out and placed carefully, thus
contributing to the best working of the All rights Reserved Page 89 unit. Secondly,
using highly advanced IC’s with the help of growing technology, the project has been
successfully implemented. Thus the project has been successfully designed and
tested.

5.2 RISK AND FUTURE SCOPE

Our project “AUTOMATIC DOOR OPENING AND CLOSING” is mainly intended to

automated security access operations using a mobile phone. The mobile phone
present in the system uses auto answer function to lift the call. Each key in the
mobile phone transmits two tones with different frequencies when pressed. These
transmitted frequencies are decoded using DTMF decoder and the decoded value is
fed as input to micro controller which in turn operates Stepper Motor to which the
Open/close of Door. The input value to the micro controller will be checked and
respective operation of that key will be performed like Open/close of Door. When
the user enters the wrong password then the system automatically sends alerting
SMS messages to the predefined authority number. The main disadvantage of this
project is that the person who is operating the door doesn’t know the status of the
door whether it is opened or closed. This drawback can be eliminated by introducing
a GSM module, through which intimation on the status of operated door can be
sent.

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5.3 REFERENCE

1. http://www.ehow.com/list_7521509_types-automatic-handicap-door-openers.
2. htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/how-does_4596955_motion-sensor-work.html
3. http://www.handicappedequipment.org/automatic-handicap-door-openers/
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_swing_door_opener
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C9AKrdWoKPs
6. https://youtu.be/yDS6Umvh5gc

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