SUMMARY OF CRANIAL NERVES V, VII & IX by

SANUS TEMITOPE MAYOR, 023 DENTISTRY

CRANIAL NERVES

1st pharyngeal arch - - CN V

2nd Pharyngeal arch - - CN VII

3rd pharyngeal arch - - CN IX

Nucleus = Cell bodies collection (inside CNS)

Ganglion -= Cell bodies collection (outside CNS)

1st 2 cranial nerves - are 4rm CEREBRUM

Remaining cranial nerves - are 4rm Brain Stem

CN V (Trigeminal)

Facts

-Largest CN. - Mixed ( i.e has sensory & motor part). - Supply 1st Pharyngeal arch

Nuclei of Origin

3 Sensory nuclei (MPS nuclei) +. 1 motor nucleus

- Mesencephalic nucleus. - Motor nucleus of trigeminal

- Principal sensory nucleus

- Spinal nucleus
Course

Origin - - - - -> Pons - - - - - > Mid Cranial Fossa

ORIGIN = 4rm 3 sensory nuclei (MPS) & 1 motor nucleus

at PONS = sensory nuclei fusion (into sensory root)

at MID CRANIAL FOSSA = Trigeminal ganglion formation (in Trigeminal cave)

Divisions/Branches

Branch. Supply. Exit 4rm cranium

Ophthalmic (V1) Frontonasal prominence. Sup orbital fissure

Maxillary (V2). Maxillary prominence Foramen rotundum

Mandibular (V3). Muscles of mastication. Foramen ovale

Ophthalmic Nerve (V1)

Ophthalmic mean eye, therfore it supply cornea & conjuctiva

It also supply UPPER eyeliid & frontal/ethmoid sinus

It branches is FLAN

Frontal nerve, LAcrimal nerve, Nasociliary nerve

Its PARASYMPATHETIC supply to Lacrimal gland is LAZY Ganglion

LA = LAcrimal nerve(V1). ZY= Zygomatic nerve(V2) Ganglion =Pterygopalatine ganglion

Maxillary Nerve (V2)

Maxillary mean upper jaw, therefore it supply upper teeth (Incisor etc)

It also supply LOWER eyelid & maxillary sinus

Mandibular Nerve (V3)

It d largest branch of trigeminal nerve. It is also d branch with motor Fibre (I.e has both sensory
& motor fibre)

Mandibular mean lower jaw, therefore it supply lower teeth (incisor etc)

It also supply the muckes of mastication

It branches is BILA

B= Buccal nerve I =Inf alveolar nerve. L= lingual nerve. A=Auriculotemooral nerve

Motor branches - - - supply Mzls of mastication, & ant digatsric

Sensory branches - - - supply Ant 2/3 of tongue (general sensation only not for special taste)

It give PARASYMPATHETIC supply to Parotid gland by OAT

Ó=Otic ganglion(4rm IX) AT= AuriculoTemporal nerve (V3).

PARASYMPATHETIC to Submandibular gland is via Lingual nerve(V3) & Submandibular

ganglion (4rm facial nerve)

Note: Mzls of mastication = PTM = Pterygoids(medial & lateral), Temporalis & Masseter

Motor Innervation = usually supply mzls

 General sensation of tongue = ẹ.g touch, pain etc (by Mandibular nerve V3 of Trigeminal
nerve)

Special sensation = Taste ( by Chorda tympani of facial nerve)

Clinicals

Inferior Alveolar nerve blockage during dental/local anesthesia

FACIAL Nerve (VII)

Facts

- supply 2nd Pharyngeal arch. - has intracranial & extracranial course

-it has 2 components

Components = Larger Primary Root (motor) and

Intermediate Root (Sensory /parasympathetic)

Nuclei of Origin = SSS nucleus - Sup Salivary nucleus

- Solitary nucleus. - Spinal nucleus (of trigeminal)

Course

Intracranial course = within cranium

Extracranial course = outside cranium

Intracranial course

Origin 4rm pons - - - > Internal meatus - - - >Facial canal - - - >Stylomastoid foramen

At PONS = Motor root is given/started

At INTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS = Motor root travel with Nervus intermedius, Labyrinthine
blood vessel & cranial nerve VIII (vestibilocochlear nerve)

At FACIAL CANAL (Z CANAL) = 3 things occur

- The roots fused ( I. ẹ Motor root join Intermediate root)

- Geniculate ganglion is formed

- 3 branches are given (I. ẹ CHORDA TYMPANI, Greater PETROSAL nerve and. Nerve to
STAPEDIUS

Note: Facial nerve enter temporal bone/cranium via Internal auditory meatus & exit via
Stylomastoid foramen

Extracranial course

It gives 3 branches ( Post Auricular.N, Digastric.N. and Stylohyoid. Ń) and then enter Parotid
gland to give 5 terminal branches (Zillionaire Made BTC)

Z= Zygomatic nerve.------(orbicularis oculi)

Made= Marginal Mandibular nerve - - - - - MMM (Mentalism Mzl)

B= Buccal nerve - - - (buccinator)

T= Temporal nerve - - - - - (Orbicularis oculi)

C= Cervical nerve - - - - - - (Platysma)

Note: none of facial nerve branch supply Parotid hand even though it branches into 5inside it.

Zillionaire Made BTC supply muscle of facial expressions

It also give PARASYMPATHETIC supply to lacrimal gland by Pterygoid/Vidian canal nerve

Pterygoid/Vidian canal nerve = Greater PETROSAL.N. +. Deep PETROSAL. N

It give PARASYMPATHETIC supply to Submandibular gland via Submandibular ganglion

Submandibular Ganglion = Chorda tympani (VII) +. Lingual nerve

Submandibular ganglion is formed in infratemporal fossa

Clinicals

Surgical removal of parrotid gland affects terminal branches of facial nerve & this cause

Chorda tympani - - loss of an 2/3 tongue taste (on same side I.e ipsilateral)

Nerve to stapedius - - hyperacusis

Greater Petrosal Ń - - Lower lacrimal fluid

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE (IX)

Facts

- supply 3rd pharyngeal nerve

Nuclei of Origin = (ISSA) = I-Inferior Salivary nucleus, S-Spinal nucleus, S-Solitary nucleus, A-
Ambigous nucleus
Course

Origin - - - - > Jugular foramen. - - - - - - > Neck - - - - - > Pharynx

ORIGIN = 4rm Posterior lateral sulcus of medulla oblongata

At JUGULAR FORAMEN = exit cranium 2ru jugular foramen with CN X and XI (I.e CN 9, 10, 11
exit skull 2ru jugular foramen)

Between JUGULAR FORAMEN & NECK = it form Petrous ganglia (superior & inferior)

At NECK =It gives CAROTID SINUS nerve and STYLOPHARYNGEUS nerve

At PHARNX = It gives PLIT branches to (Pharyngeal, Lingual & Tonsil branches)

Note: It enter Pahrynx between the pharyngeal constrictors

Branches

Jacobson nerve & PLIT

Jacobson nerves / Tympanic nerve - - - - - (Parotid gland)

Pharyngeal nerve - - - (Oropahrynx)

Lingual branch - - - (Post 1/3 tongue)

Tonsillar nerve - - - (Palatine tonsil)

Carotid sinus nerve - - - (Lower blood pressure)

Clinicals

It stimulate gag Reflex 2ru Pahryngeal nerve to Oropahrynx

No GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL nerve, no gag reflex