Logarithmic in 1 shot

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Logarithms in 1 shot
 Logarithms in 1 shot

We know that
100 = 102
1000 = 103
What if you are asked Find ‘x’, if 72 = 10x ?
 Logarithms in 1 shot
For defining that relation & solving above type of questions
a new scale has been introduced called logarithmic scale.

The ‘x’ value in above question is x = log10 72

10y = x ⇔ y = log 10 x
Base of logarithm
Logarithms in 1 shot

loga x = y ⇔ x = ay

Example
log2 8 = k
⇒ 8 = 2k
⇒ 23 = 2k
⇒ k=3
 Logarithms in 1 shot

Note
1) Common Logarithms:
Logarithm with base ‘10’. In all science applications
the base is taken as ‘10’.

2) Natural Logarithms:
The logarithms with base ‘e’ (e = 2.718. . )
which is also an irrational number like ‘π’

loge x = ln x
 Logarithms in 1 shot

y =a log
The necessary conditions for log x exist are
x ato

1) x > 0
2) a > 0
3) a ≠ 1
 Logarithms in 1 shot
Property - 1
log a 1 = 0 (a ≠ 1, a > 0)
 Logarithms in 1 shot

Property - 1
log a 1 = 0 (a ≠ 1, a > 0)

Proof
Let log a 1 = k
1 = ak
a0 = ak

⇒ k=0
log a 1 = 0
Logarithm of ‘1’ is always zero
 Logarithms in 1 shot

Property - 2
log a a = 1 (a ≠ 1, a > 0)
 Logarithms in 1 shot

Property - 2
log a a = 1 (a ≠ 1, a > 0)

Proof Let log a a = k

⇒ a = ak
⇒ k=1
Example
log2 2 = log3 3 =1

log0.1 0.1 = 1
 Logarithms in 1 shot
Property - 3 Property - 4
x1
loga x1 + loga x2 = loga (x1 x2) loga x1 – loga x2 = loga x2
 Logarithms in 1 shot

Property - 3

loga x1 + loga x2 = loga (x1 x2)

Proof Let loga x1 = k1 & loga x2 = k2

x1 = ak1 & x2 = ak2

⇒ x1x2 = ak1 + k2

loga (x1 x2) = k1 + k2

= loga x1+ loga x2

 Logarithms in 1 shot
Property 5

log a (xn) = n log a x (x > 0, a > 0, a ≠ 1)

 Logarithms in 1 shot
Property 5

log a (xn) = n log a x (x > 0, a > 0, a ≠ 1)

Proof Let loga (xn) = k

xn = ak

x = a (k/n)
k
= loga x
n
k = n loga x
 Logarithms in 1 shot
Property 6
1
log n x= loga x
(a ) n
 Logarithms in 1 shot

Property 6
1
log n x= loga x
(a ) n

Proof let log (an) x = k

x = (an)k

x = a nk

n k = loga x

k = n1 loga x
 Logarithms in 1 shot

Property 7
Base change formula
 Logarithms in 1 shot

Property-8

a log b = b log a
 Logarithms in 1 shot

Property-8

a log b = b log a

Proof a log b = k1 ⇒ log b = loga k1

b log a = k2 ⇒ log a = logb k2
log k1 ⇒ log k = (log a) (logb)
log b = 1
log a
log k2
log a = ⇒ log k2 = (log a) (logb)
log b
⇒ log k1 = log k2
⇒ k1 = k2
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Logarithms in 1 shot
 Logarithms in 1 shot

Example
 Logarithms in 1 shot

Example

Solution =

=
2
= log2 2
3
2
=
3
 Logarithms in 1 shot

Example
Find the value of log 0.01 1000
 Logarithms in 1 shot

Example Find the value of log 0.01 1000

Solution log 0.01 1000 = log 103

1
100

= 3 log –2
10
10
3
= log10 10
–2
–3
=
2
 Logarithms in 1 shot

Example
 Logarithms in 1 shot

Example
Logarithms in 1 shot
 Logarithms in 1 shot

Q. If , prove that a = b
 Logarithms in 1 shot
Solution :
 Logarithms in 1 shot

Q. is equal to

A 3( log a + log b + log c)

B 3 log a

C -3(log b + log c)

D 0
 Logarithms in 1 shot
Solution :
 Logarithms in 1 shot

Q. If xy2 = 4 and then x equals

A 4

B 8

C 16

D 64
 Logarithms in 1 shot
Solution :
 Logarithms in 1 shot

Q. If then xa-b.yb-c.zc-a =

A 0

B -1

C 1

D 2
Solution : Logarithms in 1 shot
Logarithms in 1 shot
Logarithms in 1 shot
 Logarithms in 1 shot

H.W.
Thank You