Logarithmic function

y = f (x) = log a x (x > 0, a > 0, a ≠ 1)

If log a x = y ⇒ x = ay

log 2 2 = 1

log 2 4 = y ⇒ 4 = 2y ⇒ y = 2

log 2 1 = 0

log 2 12 = –1
 LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION

y = logax

log a b = c if b = ac
log28 = 3 (23 = 8)
log5625 = 4 ( 54 = 625)

y = logax ; a > 0 ; a ≠ 1
 a>1
Increasing
function
1

0<a<1 Decreasing
function
1

Both have range all real and one – one function

 LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION

log a x is an
a
decreasing
increasing function
RESULTS

For a > 1
x1 ≤ x ≤ x2 ⇒ log a x1 ≤ log a x ≤ log a x2

For 0 < a < 1

x1 ≤ x ≤ x2 ⇒ log a x1 ≥ log a x ≥ log a x2
Q1. If p is the smallest value of x

satisfying the equation

then the value of 4p is equal to

A 9

B 16

C 25

D 1
Q1. If p is the smallest value of x

satisfying the equation

then the value of 4p is equal to
Q1. If p is the smallest value of x

satisfying the equation

then the value of 4p is equal to
Q1. If p is the smallest value of x

satisfying the equation

then the value of 4p is equal to
Solution :
Q1. If p is the smallest value of x

satisfying the equation

then the value of 4p is equal to

A 9

B 16

C 25

D 1
Q2. If ,

then the value of log2(x2 + xy + y2),

is equal to

A 0

B 2

C 3

D 4
Q2. If ,

then the value of log2(x2 + xy + y2),

is equal to
Q2. If ,

then the value of log2(x2 + xy + y2),

is equal to
Q2. If ,

then the value of log2(x2 + xy + y2),

is equal to
Solution :
Q2. If ,

then the value of log2(x2 + xy + y2),

is equal to

A 0

B 2

C 3

D 4
Q3. Solve for x : log x ( x + 7 ) > 0
Q3. Solve for x : log x ( x + 7 ) > 0
Q3. Solve for x : log x ( x + 7 ) > 0
 Solution :

Either x > 1 or 0<x<1

and x + 7 > 1 ∩ and 0 < x + 7 < 1
i.e. x > – 6 –7<x<–6
x ∈ (1 , ∞ x∈φ
)
Union of both
x ∈ (1 , ∞
)
Q4. Solve for x :
log1/2 | x – 1 | > log1/2 2
Q4. Solve for x :
log1/2 | x – 1 | > log1/2 2
Q4. Solve for x :
log1/2 | x – 1 | > log1/2 2
 Solution :

1
As < 1
2
So inequality
changes
log1/2 | x – 1 | > log1/2 2
|x–1| < 2
–2<x–1< 2
–1<x < 3
x ∈ (– 1, 3) - {1}
Q5. If 1 ≤ x ≤ 100 , then ?
≤ log10x ≤ ?
Q5. If 1 ≤ x ≤ 100 , then ?
≤ log10x ≤ ?
Q5. If 1 ≤ x ≤ 100 , then ?
≤ log10x ≤ ?
 Solution :

1 ≤ x ≤ 100

log 10 1 ≤ log 10 x ≤ log 10 100

0 ≤ log 10 x ≤ 2

As 10 > 1
So inequality
remain same
Q6. Find range of log3/4(x2 + x + 1)
Q6. Find range of log3/4(x2 + x + 1)
Q6. Find range of log3/4(x2 + x + 1)
 Solution :

3
≤ x2 + x + 1 < ∞
4
3
log3/4 ≥ log3/4 (x2 + x + 1) > log3/4 ∞
4

1 ≥ log3/4 (x2 + x + 1) > – ∞

3
As < 1
4 0<a<1
So inequality changes
1
For solving purpose

Result While solving equations or in-equations involving log,

Be careful about domain. Because log is not every where defined

1 (a) loga x2 = log a x1 ⇒ x2 = x1

x2 > x1 if a > 1
(b) loga x2 > log a x1
x2 < x1 if 0 < a < 1

x > ap if a > 1
2 loga x > p
x < ap if 0 < a < 1
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Q7. Solve for x log10 (x – 1) < 1
Q7. Solve for x log10 (x – 1) < 1
Q7. Solve for x log10 (x – 1) < 1
 Solution :

x – 1 < 10 Also x–1>0

x < 11 x>1
Taking intersection
x∈
(1,11)
Q8. Solve for x
log10 (5x – x2) < log10 6
Q8. Solve for x
log10 (5x – x2) < log10 6
Q8. Solve for x
log10 (5x – x2) < log10 6
 Solution :

Now take care

of Domain

5x – x2 < 6 5x – x2 > 0
x2 – 5x + 6 > 0 x (5 – x) > 0
(x – 2) (x – 3) > 0 x (x – 5) < 0
x ∈ (– ∞, 2) ∪ (3, x ∈ ( 0, 5
∞) )
Intersection of both
x ∈ (0, 2) ∪ (3,
5)
Q9. Solve for x : (1) loga x > 0
(2) loga x < 0
Q9. Solve for x : (1) loga x > 0
(2) loga x < 0
Q9. Solve for x : (1) loga x > 0
(2) loga x < 0
 Solution :
Solve for x : (1) loga x > 0

If a > 1 then
a>1 loga x is positive for a > 1 and x > 1
1 these values
x>1

If 0 < a < 1 then

0<a<1 loga x > 0 for
0 1
0<x<1
0 < a < 1 and 0 < x < 1
 Solution :
Similarly, (2) loga x < 0

a>1 a>1
1 If a > 1 then
0<x<1 And
loga x is negative for 0<x<1
these values
Or
0<a<1
1 If 0 < a < 1 then 0<a<1
x>1
loga x > 0 for and
x>1 x>1
Q10. Let (x0, y0) be the solution of
following equations (2x)ln2 = (3y)ln3
3lnx = 2lny. Then x0 is

D 6
Q10. Let (x0, y0) be the solution of
following equations (2x)ln2 = (3y)ln3
3lnx = 2lny. Then x0 is
Q10. Let (x0, y0) be the solution of
following equations (2x)ln2 = (3y)ln3
3lnx = 2lny. Then x0 is
Q10. Let (x0, y0) be the solution of
following equations (2x)ln2 = (3y)ln3
3lnx = 2lny. Then x0 is
Solution :
Q10. Let (x0, y0) be the solution of
following equations (2x)ln2 = (3y)ln3
3lnx = 2lny. Then x0 is

D 6
Q11. The value of
Q11. The value of
Q11. The value of
Solution :
Q12. The solution set of the
equation log x 2 log2x 2 = log4x 2 is

D None of these
Q12. The solution set of the
equation log x 2 log2x 2 = log4x 2 is
Q12. The solution set of the
equation log x 2 log2x 2 = log4x 2 is
Q12. The solution set of the
equation log x 2 log2x 2 = log4x 2 is
Solution :
Q12. The solution set of the
equation log x 2 log2x 2 = log4x 2 is

D None of these
Q13. If
then domain of f(x) is

A R

B {1}

C R+

D {2}
Q13. If
then domain of f(x) is
Q13. If
then domain of f(x) is
Q13. If
then domain of f(x) is
Solution :
Q13. If
then domain of f(x) is

A R

B {1}

C R+

D {2}
8th Jan 2020-(Shift 1)