Logarithm Sheet Solution 1666958544141

Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
Logarithm Solved Exercise-I

125. logx – 13 = 2
Sol. logx – 13 = 2
x 1  0
 x 1
Domain : x  1  1   x  2  
 x  [1, ] – {2}
log(x–1)3 = 2 (x – 1)2 = 3
 x=1+ 3 ,1– 3

 x=1+ 3
1
126. log4(2log3(1 + log2(1 + 3log3x))) = .
2
1
Sol. log4(2log3 (1 + log2(1 + 3log3x))) = ....(1)
2
 2log3(1 + log2 (1 + 3 log3x)) = 41/2 = 2
 1 + log2(1 + 3log3x) = 3
 1 + 3log3x = 22 = 4
 log3x = 1  x = 3 : Put in equation (1)
 x = 3 satisfy equation (1)
 x = 3 Ans.
127. log3(1 + log3(2x – 7)) = 1

Sol. log3(1 + log3(2x – 7)) = 1 ......(1)
 1 + log3(2x – 7) = 3
 (2x – 7) = 32 = 9
 2x = 16 x = 4 ; Put in equation (1)
 x = 4 satisfy equation (1) ,  x = 4 Ans.
128. log3(3x – 8) = 2 –x
Sol. log3(3x – 8) = 2 – x .....(1)
9
 3x – 8 = 32–x = ; Put 3x = t
3x
 t2 – 8t – 9 = 0
 t = 9 or t = – 1
 3x = 9 or 3x = – 1 (Reject)
 x = 2 ; Put in equation (1)
x = 2 satisfy eqn (1) , x = 2 Ans.
log 2 (9  2x )
129. 1
3 x
log 2 (9  2 x )
Sol. 1 ....(1)
3 x
 log2(9 – 2x) = 3 – x
8
 9 – 2x = 23–x = ; Put 2x = t
2x
 t2 – 9t + 8 = 0  t = 1, 8
 2x = 1, 8 x = 0 , 3 ; Put in equation (1)
 x = 3 does not satisfy eqn (1)
 x = 0 Ans.
130. log5 – x(x2 – 2x + 65) = 2

Sol. log(5 – x) (x2 – 2x + 65) = 2
x 2  2 x  65  0  xR

  x  5 
Domain : 5  x  0  
  x  4 
5 x 1 
x (–, 5) – {4}

 log(5–x) (x2 – 2x + 65) = 2
 x2 – 2x + 65 = (5 – x2)
 (x = – 5)  Domain
 x = – 5 Ans.
 1 
131. log 3  log 9 x   9 x   2x
 2 
1
Sol. log3  log 9 x   9 x  = 2x ....(1)
 2 
1
 log9x + + 9x = 32x = 9x
2
1 1
 log9x = –  x = 9–1/2 = ; Put in eqn (1)
2 3
1 1
x= satisfy eqn (1) ;  x = Ans.
3 3
132. log3(x + 1) + log3(x + 3) = 1
Sol. log3(x + 1) + log3(x + 3) = 1
x 1  0 
Domain :   x > – 1
x  3  0
 log3((x + 1) × (x + 3)) = 1
 x2 + 4x + 3 = 3
 (x = 0, – 4) Domain
 x = 0 Ans.
133. log7(2x – 1) + log7(2x – 7) = 1

Sol. log7(2x – 1) + log7(2x – 7) = 1 ....(1)
x x
 log7[(2 – 1) (2 – 7)] = 1 ; Put 2x = t
 (t – 1) (t – 7) = 7
 t2 – 8t + 7 = 7
 t = 0 or t = 8
 2x = 0 or 2x = 8

 x = 3 ; Put in eqn (1)
x = 3 satisfy eqn (1) ;  x = 3 Ans.
134. log5 + log(x + 10) – 1 = log(21x – 20) – log(2x – 1)
x  10  0 
20
Sol. Domain : 21x  20  0 x >
21
2 x  1  0 
log5 + log(x + 10) – 1 = log(21x – 20) – log(2x – 1)

 log5 + log(x + 10) – log10 = log(21x – 20) – log(2x – 1)
 5  ( x  10)   21x  20 
 log   = log  
 10   2x  1 
x  10 21x  20
 
2 2x  1
 2x2 – 23x + 30 = 0
 (x = 10 or x = 3/2)  Domain
3
 x = 10, Ans.
2
1 1 1 
135. 1  log 5   log  log x  log 5 
3 2 3 
Sol. Domain : x > 0
1  1 1 
1 – log5 =  log  log x  log 5 
3  2 3 
1 1
 3 (log10 – log5) = log + log x + log 5
2 3
 x 1/ 3 
 log(2)3 = log  .5 
2 
x 1/ 3  16 
 8= .5  x    Domain
2  3 5
16
 x= 3
Ans.
5
1  1  1 1  1
136. log x  log  x    log  x    log  x  
2  2  2 2  8
x0 
1 
x   0
2  1
Sol. Domain : 1   x > 2
x   0
2

1
x   0
8 
1  1  1 1  1
logx – log  x   = log  x   – log  x  
2  2  2 2  8
   x 1 
 x   2 
 log   = log  
 x 1   x 1 
 2  8 
x x 1
 = 2
x 1 x 1
2 8
Square,
2
 1  1  1
 x2  x   = x   x  
 8  2  2
 3x2 – 2x – 1 = 0
 1 
  x   , 1  Domain
 3 

 x=1 Ans.
137. 3log3 log x

 log x  log 2 x  3  0
 x0
 x  0
 
x 0   x  0
Sol. Domain :  x > 1
  x  1 
log x  0
3log 3 (log x)
– logx + ((logx)2 – 3 = 0
 log x – log x + (log x)2 – 3 = 0
1
 logx – logx + (logx)2 – 3 = 0 ; Put log x = t
2
3
 2t2 – t – 6 = 0  t=  ,2
2
3
 logx =  , 2
2
 x = (10)–3/2 , (10)2
 1 
 x  3/ 2
, 100   Domain
 (10) 

 x = 100 Ans.
2
(x  2)  log(x  2)5 12
138. (x  2)log  102log(x 2)
Sol. Domain : x – 2 > 0 x > 2
2
( x  2 )  log( x  2 ) 5 12
( x  2) log  10 2 log( x 2 )
Take log both sides,

 [log2(x – 2) + log(x – 2)5 – 12] × log(x – 2) = 2 log(x – 2) × log10
 [(log(x – 2))2 + 5 log(x – 2) – 12] × log (x – 2) = 2log(x – 2)
Put log (x – 2) = t
 (t2 + 5t – 12) × t = 2t
 t[t2 + 5t – 14] = 0
 t = 0 or (t + 7) (t – 2) = 0
 t = 0 or t = – 7, 2
 log(x – 2) = 0 , 2, – 7
 x – 2 = 1 , 100, 10–7
 1 
  x  3, 102, 2  7   Domain
 10 
1
 x = 3, 102, 2  Ans.
107
139. 9log3 (12x)  5x 2  5
1
Sol. Domain : 1 – 2x > 0  x <
2
9log3 (12 x )  5x 2  5
2 log (1 2 x )
 3 3  5x 2  5
 (1 – 2x)2 = 5x2 – 5
 x2 + 4x – 6 = 0
 (x = – 2 + 10 , – 2 – 10 )  Domain
 
 x = – 2 – 10 Ans.
140. x1+ logx = 10x

Sol. Domain : x > 0
x(1+logx) = 10x
Take log both sides.
 (1 + logx) × logx = log10 + logx
Put log x = t
 (1 + t)t = (1 + t)
 (1 + t) (t – 1) = 0 t = 1 , – 1
 1
 log x = 1, – 1   x  10,   Domain
 10 
1
 x = 10, Ans.
10
141. x2logx = 10x2

Sol. Domain : x > 0
x2logx = 10x2
Take log both sides,
 2logx × logx = log10 + 2logx
Put log x = t
 2t2 – 2t – 1 = 0
 t=1± 3
 logx = 1 ± 3  ( x  101 3 )  Domain
 x  101 3
Ans.
log x  5
142. x 3  105 log x
Sol. Domain : x > 0
log x 5
x 3  105log x
log x  5
 × logx = (5 + logx) × log10
3
 Put log x = t
t 
 (t + 5)  1 = 0  t=–5,3
3 
 log x = – 5 , 3 (x = 10–5, 103) Domain
 x = 10–5 , 103 Ans.
142. x log3 x  9
Sol. Domain : x > 0
x log 3 x  9
Take log3 both sides
 log3x × log3x = log39 = 2
 log3x = ± 2  ( x  3 2
)  Domain
 x  3 2
Ans.
log5 x 1
144.  x 5
Sol. Domain x > 0
( x ) lo g 5 x  1 = 5
Take log5 both sides.
 (log5x – 1) × log5 x = log55
1
 (log5x – 1) × × log5x = 1 ; Put log5x = t
2
 t2 – t – 2 = 0 t = 2, – 1
 1
 log5x = 2, –1   x  25,   Domain
 5
1
 x = 25, Ans.
5
145. xlogx + 1 =106

Sol. Domain : x > 0
xlogx+1 = 106
Take log both sides
 (logx + 1) × log x = 6 × log10 ; Put log x = t
 t2 + t – 6 = 0  t = – 3 , 2
 log x = – 3 , 2
 (x = 10–3 , 102) Domain
 x = 10–3 , 102 Ans.
log x  7
146. x 4  10log x 1
Sol. Domain : x > 0
log x  7
x 4  10log x 1
log x  7
 × logx = (logx + 1) × log10 ; Put log x = t
4
 t2 + 3t – 4 = 0  t = – 4 , 1
 log x = – 4, 1
 (x = 10–4, 10)
Domain
 x = 10–4 , 10 Ans.
147. log x (x  2)
x 9
x  2  0

Sol. Domain : x  0   x > 2

x 1 
log x ( x  2 )
x 9  x 2 log x ( x 2)  9
2
 x log x ( x 2)  9
 (x – 2)2 = 9 x – 2 = ± 3
 (x = 5 – 1) Domain
 x=5
log 2 x  log x 2  2
 log x 
148.  2   log x
 
Sol. Domain : x > 0
(log 2 x  log x 2  2 )
 log x 
   log x
 2 
Take log both sides
 log x 
 (log2x + 2 logx – 2) × log  = log (log x )
 2 
 log x   log x 
 (log2x + 2logx – 2) × log  – log  0
 2   2 
 log x 
 log   × [log2x + 2logx – 3] = 0
 2 
 log x 
 log   × (logx + 3) (log x – 1) = 0
 2 
log x
  1 , logx = – 3, 1
2
 (x = 102 , 10–3, 10)  Domain
 x = 102, 10, 10–3 Ans.
149. 3 log 2 x  log 2 8x  1  0
x0   x  0
Sol. Domain     x 2
log2 x  1  x  2
3 log 2 x  log 2 (8x )  1  0
 3 log 2 x  3  log 2 x  1  0
Put log2x = t2
 3|t| – t2 – 2 = 0
 |t|2 – 3|t| + 2 = 0
 |t| = 1, 2  t = ± 1, ± 2 t2 = 1, 4
 log2x = t2 = 1, 4
 (x = 2, 16) Domain
 x = 2, 16 Ans.
150. log2x – 3logx = log(x2) – 4
x0 
Sol. Domain :   x  0
x 2  0
log2x – 3logx = 2logx – 4

 log2x – 5logx + 4 = 0
 logx = 1, 4 (x = 10, 104) Domain
 10, 104 Ans.
151. log1/3 x  3 log1/3 x  2  0
x0  x  0
Sol. Domain :    x  (0, 1]
log1 / 3 x  0 x  1 
log1/3x – 3 log1 / 3 x  2  0
Put log1/3x = t2
 t2 – 3 |t| + 2 = 0
 |t|2 – 3|t| + 2 = 0
 |t| = 1, 2
 log1/3x = t2 = 1, 4
 1 1
  x  ,   Domain
 3 81 
1 1
 x , Ans.
3 81
2
152. 
2 log x 5   3log x 5  1  0
x  0
Sol. Domain :    x  (0, )  {1}
x  1
  
2

2 log x 5  3 log x 5  1 = 0 ; Put log x 5 = t
 2t2 – 3t + 1 = 0
1
 t = 1,
2
1
 log x 5  1 ,  5 = x or 5 = x1/2
2

 x  5 , 5  Domain 
 x  5 , 5 Ans.
153. log 22 x  2log 2 x  2  0
x  0
Sol. Domain :    x  (0, )
x  0
log222x + 2log2 x – 2 = 0
 (log2x)2 + log2x – 2 = 0 ; Put log2x = t
 t2 + t – 2 = 0
 (t + 2) (t – 1) = 0
 t = – 2, 1 log2x = – 2 , 1
 1 
  x  , 2  Domain
 4 
1
 x , 2 Ans.
4
log b x 2
154. a   5x logb a  6  0
Sol. (a log b x ) 2  5x log b a  6 ; x > 0, a > 0 , b > 0

a1 , b1
 (a log b x ) 2  5(a log b x )  6  0
 a log b x  2, 3  logbx = loga2 , loga3

 x = b log a 2 , b log a 3
 x  2log a b , 3log a b
1
155. log2 (100x) + log2 (10x) = 14 + log  
x

100 x  0

Sol. Domain : 10 x  0   x > 0
1 
0 
x 
log2 (100x) + log2(10x) = 14 + log(1/x)

 (2 + logx)2 + (1 + logx)2 = 14 – logx ; Put logx =t
 (2 + t)2 + (1 + t)2 = 14 – t
 2t2 + 7t – 9 = 0
9
 t=– ,1
2
9
 log x = – , 1 (x = 10–9/2 , 10)  Domain
2
 x = 10–9/2 , 10 Ans.
156. log4 (x +3) – log4 (x – 1) = 2 – log48
x  3  0
Sol. Domain :    x 1
x 1  0 
log4(x + 3) – log4(x – 1) = 2 – log48
 x 3 3 1
 log4   = 2 
 x 1  2 2
x3
 = 41/2 = 2  x + 3 = 2x – 2
x 1
 (x = 5)  Domain
 x = 5 Ans.
157. log4(x2 – 1) – log4(x – 1)2 = log 4 (4  x) 2

x 2 1  0 

Sol. Domain ( x  1) 2  0    x (–, – 1)  (1, ) – {4}

(4  x ) 2  0
log4(x2 – 1) – log4(x – 1)2 = log4 |4 – x|
 x 2 1 
 log4  
2  = log4 |4 – x|
 ( x  1) 
x 1
 = |4 – x| = |x – 4|
x 1
Case (i) x – 4 > 0 x > 4
x 1
 = x – 4  x2 – 6x + 3 = 0
x 1
 x=3+ 6,3– 6 (x > 4)

Case(ii) x–4<0  x<4
x 1
 = – (x – 4)
x 1
 x2 – 4x + 5 = 0 (Reject)
 x=3+ 6 Ans.
x 3 x 3
158. 2 log 3  1  log 3
x7 x 1
x 3 
 0
x7   x  (, 3)  (7, )
Sol. Domain :      x  1 x  7
x 3  x  (–  , 1)  (3,  ) 
 0 
x 1 
 x 3  x 3
2 log 3    1  log 3  
 x 7  x 1 
  x  3 2 
  
 x 7  ( x  3) 2 ( x  1) 1
 log3   1   
 x 3  ( x  7) 2 ( x  3) 3
  
  x  1  
 
 3(x – 3) (x – 1) = (x – 7)2
 x2 + x – 20 = 0
 (x = – 5, 4) Domain
 x = – 5 Ans.
159. 2log4(4 – x) = 4 – log2(–2 – x)
4x  0 
Sol. Domain :   x  2
 2  x  0
2log4(4 – x) = 4 – log2(–2 – x)
 log2(4 – x) + log2(–2 – x) = 4
 log2 [(4 – x) (–2 – x)] = 4
 (x – 4) (x + 2) = 24 = 16
 x2 – 2x – 24 = 0
 (x = 6, –4)  Domain
 x = – 4 Ans.
160. 3 + 2logx + 13 = 2log3(x + 1)
x  1  0
Sol. Domain :    x  (1, )  {0}
x 1  1 
3 + 2logx+13 = 2log3(x + 1)
2
 3 + log ( x  1) + 2log3(x + 1) ; Put log3 (x + 1) = t
3
2
 3  2 t  2t2 – 3t + 2 = 0
t
1
t = 2 , –
2
1
 log3(x + 1) = 2, –
2
 x + 1 = 32 , 3–1/2
 1 
  x  8,  1    Domain
 3
1
 x = 8, – 1 + Ans.
3
161. logx (9x2). log32 x = 4
9 x 2  0

Sol. Domain : x  0    x  (0, )  {x}
x  1 
logx(9x2) × log32x = 4
 (2logx3 + 2) × (log3x)2= 4 ; Put log3x = t
2 
   2  t2 = 4  t2 + t – 2 = 0
t 
 t = – 2, 1
 log3x = – 2, 1
 1 
  x  , 3   Domain
 9 
1
 x  , 3 Ans.
9
2  x2 
162. log (4x)  log 2    8
1/2
 8 
4x  0 

Sol. Domain : x 2    x  (0, )
 0
8 
 x2 
(log1/24x)2 + log2  8
 =8

 
 x2 
 (log24x)2 + log2  8  = 8
 
 (2 + log2x)2 + 2log2x – 3 = 8 ; Put log2x = t
 (2 + t)2 + 2t – 11 = 0 t = – 7, 1
 log2x = – 7, 1 (x = 2–7, 2)  Domain
 x = 2–7 , 2 Ans.
163. log 0.5x x 2  14log16x x 3  40log 4x x  0

x2  0 

x3  0 
0.5x  0

16x  0   1 1
Sol. Domain :  x  (0, ) – 2, 16 , 4 
4x  0   
0.5x  1 

16x  1 
4x  1 
log0.5xx2 – 14log16xx3 + 40 log4x x = 0

Change base to 2
log 2 x 2 log 2 x 3 log 2 x1 / 2

  14  40 =0
x log 2 16 x log 2 4 x
log 2
2
2 log 2 x log 2 x 40 log 2 x  0

 log x  1 – 42 4  log x +
2 2 2 2  log 2 x
Put log2x = t
2t 42t t
 –  20 0
t 1 4  t t2
1 21 10
 t = 0 or   0
t 1 4  t t  2
 t = 0 or (4 + t) (t + 2) – 21 (t – 1) (t + 2) + 10(t – 1) (t + 4) = 0
 t = 0 or 2t2 – 3t – 2 = 0
1
 t = 0 or t = 2, –
2
1
 log2x = 0 , 2, –
2
 1 
  x  1, 4,   Domain
 2
1
 x = 1, 4, Ans.
2
4 2log 3 3
164. 6  (1  4  9 )  log 7 x  log x 7 , x  Q
Sol. Domain :
x0
x 1 
  x  (0, )  {1} & x  Q (Given)
6 – 1  4  9   lo g
4  2 log 3
3
7 x  log x 7
1
 6 – (1 + 4  94–4) × log7x = log x ; Put log7x = t
7
1
 6–5t=  5t2 – 6t + 1 = 0  t = 1, 1/5
t
1
log7x = 1, (x = 7, 71/5)  Domain
5
 x=7
165. log3(4.3x– 1) = 2x + 1
Sol. log3(4  3x – 1) = 2x+ 1 ......(1)
 4  3x – 1 = 32x+1 = 3  32x
Put 3x = t 3t2 – 4t + 1 = 0
 t = 1/3, 1
1
 3x = , 1  x = – 1, 0 , Put in (1)
3
 x = – 1, 0 satisfy eqn (1)
 x = – 1, 0 Ans.
166. log3(3x – 6) = x – 1
Sol. log3(3x – 6) = x – 1 .....(1)
3x
 3x – 6 = 3x –1 =
3
2
 . 3x = 6
3
 3x = 9  x = 2 ; Put x = 2
 x = 2 satisfy eqn (1)
 x = 2 Ans.
167. log3(4x – 3) + log3(4x – 1) = 1

Sol. log3(4x – 3) + log3(4x – 1) = 1 .....(1)
x x
 log3[(4 – 3) (4 – 1)] = 1 ; Put 4 = t x
 (t – 3) (t – 1) = 3 t2 – 4t = 0
 t = 0, 4
 4x = 0, 4  x = 1 ; Put in (1)
 x = 1 satisfy eqn (1) ,  x = 1 Ans.
168. log 3  log1/2 2 x  3log1/2 x  5   2
Sol. log3(log1/22x – 3log1/2x + 5) = 2 .....(1)

2 2
 (log2x) + 3log2x + 5 = 3 = 9 ; Put log2x = t
 t2 + 3t – 4 = 0
 t = 1, – 4
 1
 log2x = 1, – 4   x  2,  ; Put in (1)
 16 
1
 x = 2, satisfy eqn (1)
16
1
 x = 2, Ans.
16
 2x   2 
169. log 5    log 5  
 10   x 1
2x 
 0
   x  2
Sol. Domain : 10   x > – 1
2  x  1
 0 
x 1 
2x   2 
log5   = log5  
 10   x 1 
2 x 2
 =  (x + 1) (x + 2) = 2 = 0
10 x 1
 x2 + 3x – 18 = 0
 (x = – 6, 3) Domain
 x = 3 Ans.
170. 1+ 2 log(x +2)5 = log5(x +2)
x  2  0
Sol. Domain :   x (–2, ) – {–1}
x  2  1
1 + 2 log(x+2)5 = log5(x + 2)
2
 1 + log ( x  2) = log5(x + 2) Put log5(x + 2) = t
5
2
 1+ =t  t2 – t – 2 = 0
t
 t = 2, – 1
 log5(x + 2) = 2, – 1 (x = 23, –9/5) Domain
 x = 23, –9/5 Ans.
171. log 4 24x  2log2 4
Sol. log4(24x) = 2 log 2 4
4x
 =4  x=2 Ans.
2
x 15
172. log 2   
 4  log x  1
2
8
x 
0 
8 
x  x0 
Sol. Domain :  0     x (0, ) – {16}
4   x  16
x 
log 2    1  0
8 
x 15
log2   = log ( x / 8)  1
4 2
15
 log2x – 2 = log x  3  1 ; Put log2x = t
2
15
 t–2=  t2 – 6t – 7  t = 7, –1
t4
 log2x = 7, – 1 (x = 27, 2–1) Domain
 x = 27 , 1/2 Ans.
1  2(log x) 2
173. 1
log x  2(log x) 2
1  2(2 log x) 2
Sol. 1 .....(1)
log x  2(log x) 2
Put log x = t
1  8t2
 1
t  2t2
 6t 2  t  1  0
 t = 1/3 , – 1/2
1 1
 logx = ,  x = 101/3 , 10–1/2 ; Put in (1)
3 2
 x = 101/3 , 10–1/2 Satisfy eqn (1)
 x = 101/3 , 10–1/2
174. log2(4.3x –6) – log2(9x – 6) = 1

Sol. log2(4  3x – 6) – log2(9x – 6) = 1 ....(1)
 4  3x  6 
 log2  x  1
 9 6 
4  3x  6
 2  Put 3x  t
9x  6
 4t – 6 = 2 (t2 – 6)
 t2 – 2t – 3 = 0
 t=3,–1
 3x = 3, – 1  x = 1 ; Put in (1)
 x = 1 satisfy eqn (1) ,  x = 1 Ans.
1
175. log(5x  4)  log x  1  2  log 0.18
2
5x  4  0 4
Sol. Domain :   x 
x 1  0  5
1
log(5x – 4) + log x  1 = 2 + log 0.18
2
1 1
 log (5x – 4) + log (x + 1) = log (100 × 0.18)
2 2
 log (5x – 4) + log (x + 1) = 2 log(18)
 (5x – 4) (x + 1) = (18)2
 5x2 + x – 328 = 0
1  81  82 80 
 x=– =  ,  Domain
25  10 10 
x 
176. log4(2.4x–2 –1) + 4 =2x

Sol. log4(2  4x–2 – 1) + 4 = 2x ....(1)
 2  4x–2 – 1 = 4(2x–4)
2  4x 42x
 1 = ; Put 4x = t
16 256
 t2 – 32t + 256 = 0
 (t – 16)2 = 0 t = 16
 4x = 16 x = 2 ; Put in eqn (1)
 x = 2 satisfy eqn (1)
x = 2 Ans.
177. log x 5  log x (5x)  2.25  (log x 5) 2
x0 

5x  0
Sol. Domain :  x – {1}
x  1 
logx 5 + logx(5x) – 2.25 = (logx 5 )2
2
1 1 
 logx5 + logx5 + 1 – 2.25 =  log x 5 
2 2 
Put logx5 = t
t 1
 + t – 1.25 = t2
2 4
 t2 – 6t + 5 = 0 t = 1, 5
 logx5 = 1, 5 5 = x , x5
 (x = 5, 5 1/5) Domain
 x = 5, 51/5 Ans.
178. log(log x) + log(log x4– 3) = 0

Sol. log(logx) + log(logx4 – 3) = 0 .....(1)
4
 log[(logx)·(logx – 3)] = 0
 (log x) (4logx –3) = 1 ; Put log x = t
 t(4t – 3) = 1
1
 4t2 – 3t – 1 = 0 t = – , 1
4
1
 log x = – , 1
4
 x = 10–1/4 , 10 ; Put in eqn (1)
 x = 10, 10–1/4 Ans.
179. log3x – 2 log1/3x = 6

Sol. Domain : x > 0
log3x – 2 log1/3x = 6 log3x + 2 log3x = 6
 log3x = 2 (x = 9) Domain
 x = 9 Ans.
2 log x
180. 1
log(5x  4)
2 log x
Sol. 1 ......(1)
log(5x  4)
 2logx = log(5x – 4)
 logx2 = log(5x – 4)
 x2 – 5x + 4 = 0
 x = 1, 4 ; Put in (1)
 x = 4 Ans.
4
181. 2 log8 (2x)  log8 (x 2  1  2x) 
3
2x  0  x0 
Sol. Domain :    x (0, ) – {1}
x 2  1  2 x  0 ( x  1) 2  0
4
2log8(2x) + log8(x – 1)2 =
3
4
 log8((2x)2 (x – 1)2) =
3
 (2x(x – 1))2 = 84/3 = 16
 2x(x – 1) = 4 or 2x(x – 1) = – 4
 x2 – x – 2 = 0 or x2 – x + 2 = 0
 (x = 2, – 1) Domain
 x = 2 Ans.
1 1
182. log 2 (x  2)   log1/8 3x  5
6 3
x20 
Sol. Domain :   x > 2
3x  5  0
1 1
log2(x – 2) – = log1/8 3x  5
6 3
1 1 1
 log2(x – 2) – = – log2 (3x – 5)
6 3 6
 log2(x – 2) – 2 = – log2 (3x – 5)
 log2[(x – 2) . (3x – 5)] = 2
 (x – 2)(3x – 5) = 4
 3x2 – 11x + 6 = 0
 2 
  x  , 3  Domain
 3 
 x = 3 Ans.
183. 2 log3(x – 2) + log3(x – 4)2 = 0
x20 
Sol. Domain :   x (2, ) – {4}
2
( x  4)  0 
2log3(x – 2) + 2 × log3 |x – 4| = 0
 (x – 2) |x – 4| = 1
Case (i) x – 4 > 0 x > 4
 (x – 2) (x – 4) = 1
 x2 – 6x + 7 = 0
 x=3+ 2 , 3– 2
Case (ii) x < 4
 –(x – 2) (x – 4) = 1
 x2 – 6x + 9 = 0 x = 3
 x = 3, 3 + 2 Ans.
184. log 2 (2x 2 )  log 4 (16x )  log 4 x 3
Sol. log 2 ( 2 x 2 ). log 4 (16 x ) = log4x3 ....(1)

2
1 3 
Square , (1 + 2log2x) . (4 + log2x) =  log 2 x 
2 2 
Put log2x = t
9 2
 (1 + 2t) (4 + t) = t
2
 5t2 – 18t – 8 = 0
2
 t = 4, –
5
2
 log2x = 4, – x = 16, (2)–2/5 ; Put in (1)
5
 x = 16 Ans.
3log x  19
185.  2log x  1
3log x  1
3 log x  19
Sol. = 2 logx + 1 .....(1)
3 log x  1
Put log x = t
 3t + 19 = (3t – 1) (2t + 1)
 3t2 – t – 10 = 0
5
 t = 2, –
3
5
 log x = 2, –
3
 x = 102, 10–5/3 ; Put in eqn (1)
 x = 100 , 10–5/3 Ans.
186.
log  x 1 1  3
3
log x  40
log( x  1  1)
Sol. 3 ....(1)
log(3 x  40 )
 log ( x  1  1) = log(x – 40)
 x  1 + 1 = x – 40
 x  1 = x – 41
Square  x + 1 (x – 41)2
Logarithm Solved Exercise-II

1. Which is the correct order for a given number d, d > 1
(A) log2 d < log3 d < loge d < log8 d
(B) log8 d < log3 d < loge d < log2 d
(C) log8 d < loge d < log2 d < log3 d
(D) log3 d < loge d < log2 d < log8 d
Sol.  8 > 3 > e > 2 & d > 1
 logd8 > logd3 > logde > logd2
1 1 1 1
   
log8 d log3 d log e d log 2 d
 log8d < log3d < loged < log2d
2. If log 27 = 1.431 then the value of log 9 is

1.431
Sol. log27 = 1.431 log3 = = 0.477
3
 log9 = 2 log3 = 2 × 0.477 = 0.954
3. If x = log2a a, y = log3a 2a, z = log4a 3a, then the value of x y z + 1 is

(A) yz (B) 2yz (C) y + z (D) y – z
Sol. x = log2aa , y = log3a2a , z = log4a3a
 xyz = log2aa . log3a2a . log4a3a = log4aa
 xyz + 1 = log4aa + 1 = log4aa + log4a4a
= log4a4a2 = log4a(2a)2 = 2 log4a2a
xyz + 1 = 2yz {yz = log3a2a . log4a3a = log4a2a}
4. Let 3a = 4, 4b = 5, 5c = 6, 6d = 7, 7e = 8, and 8f = 9, then find the value of the product abcdef :

Sol. 3a = 4, 4b = 5, 5c = 6 , 6d = 7, 7e = 8 and 8f = 9
 a = log34 , b = log45 , c = log56 , d = log67 , e = log78 & f = log89
 abcdef = log39 = 2
5. If log5 a . loga x = 2, then x is equal to :

Sol. log5a . logax = 2
change base to "e"
na nx nx
 × = 2  =2
n5 na n5
 log5x = 2 x = 25
81 25 16
6. Value of 3 log + 5 log + 7 log is
80 24 15
81 25 16
Sol. 3.log + 5. log + 7.log
80 24 15
101
 81 3  25 5  16 7 
= log   .   .    {Prime factorize}
 80   24   15  
 312 510 228 
= log  12 3  15 5  7 7 
 2 .5 2 .3 3 .5 
= log 2 Ans.
7. f(x) = log10 x 2 . The set of all values of x for which f(x) is real is :
Sol. f(x) = log10 x 2
x2  0   x  R  {0}
Domain :    
log10 x  0 
2
 x2  1 

 x  R  {0}
 x  1 or x  1 
 x (–, – 1] [1, ) Ans.
log alog ylog y z

8. Value of x x a :
log a.log y.log z
Sol. x x a y
change base to "e"
na ny nz nz
. .
 x nx na ny
x nx
 x log x z
 z Ans.
9. If log2 x + log2 y  6, then the least value of x + y is :

Sol. log2x + log2y  6 ; x, y > 0
 log2 (xy)  6 xy 26 xy 64
 x & y are positive
 x + y = ( x )2  ( y)2 = ( x  y) 2 + 2 xy
0
 x + y  2 xy  2 × 8  x + y 16
 least value of x + y = 16 Ans.
10. A rational number which is 50 times its own logarithim to the base 10 is :
Sol. Let the rational no. be x
 According to the conditions,
x = 50 × log10x
x
 log10x =
50
 By hit & trial, x = 100
102
11. If x = log5 (1000) and y = log7 (2058) then which is greater ?
Sol. x = log5(1000) and y = log7(2058)
 54 = 625  73 = 343
55 = 3125 74 = 2401
 x     y (3, 4)
12. If 4log9 3  9log2 4  10logx 83 then x is equal to :

Sol. 4log9 3  9log2 4  10logx 83
 2log3 3  92log2 2  10logx 83
 2 + 81 = 10logx 83
 83 = 83logx 10  logx10 = 1  x = 10
ab na  nb a b
13. If n   then  is equal to :
 3  2 b a
ab na  nb
Sol. n 
 3  2
ab
 2n    n(ab)
 3 
ab
2
    ab  a2 + b2 + 2ab = 9ab
 3 
 a2 + b2 = 7ab
a b
  7
b a
14. If log 2 = 0.30103 the no. of digits in 264 is :

Sol. log2 = 0.30103 (Given)
Let y = 264 ; Take “log” both sides
 log(y) = 64n2 = 64 × 0.30103
 log(y) = 19.26592
 Characteristic = 19
 Characteristic = (No. of digits) – 1
 19 = No. of digits – 1
 No. of digits = 20
103
15. The number of zeroes coming immediately after the decimal point in the value of (0.2)25 is :
(Given log10 2 : 0.30103)
Sol. log102 = 0.30103
Let y = (0.2)25 ; Take “log” both sides
 log(y) = 25 × log(0.2) = 25 × [log2 – log10]
= – 17.47425
Characteristic = – 18
Characteristic = – [No. of zeroes immediately after decimal + 1]
 – 18 = – (No. of zeroes + 1)
 No. of zeroes = 17

16. Simplify : 7log3 5  3log5 7  5log3 7  7log5 3
a loge b .(log a 2 b).(log b2 a)
Sol. 6
eloge a ·log e b
1 1
a loge b    log a b.log b a
= 6× 2 2
(eloge a )loge b
6 a loge b 3
=  
4 a loge b 2
17. The solution set of log2 |4 – 5x| > 2 is :

Sol. log2|4 – 5x| > 2 ; Domain : |4 – 5x| > 0
4
x  R –  
5
 |4 – 5x| > 4
 4 – 5x > 4 or 4 – 5x < – 4
8
 (x < 0 or x  )  Domain
5
8 
 x  (–, 0)   ,   Ans.
5 
1
18. If  log0.1 x  2 then 'x' belongs to :
2
Sol. 1  log0.1x  2 ; Domain : x > 0
 (0.1)1  x  (0.1)2 { 0 < Base < 1}
 1 1
  x   Domain
 100 10 
 1 1
 x  ,
100 10 
104
19. The solution set of log11 log7  

x  5  x = 0 is :
x 5 0 

Sol. Domain : x  0    x0

x  5  x  0
 
log11 log7 x 5  x   0
 log7 ( x  5  x ) = 1
 x 5  x  7
 x 5  7 – x
Square ,  x + 5= (7 – x )2
xx – 14 x
 484 
  x   Domain
 49 
484
x = Ans.
49
20. Solve for 'x' in the equation : ln(x – 3) + ln(x – 2) = ln(2x + 24) :
x 3  0

Sol. Domian : x  2  0    x > 3
2x  24  0 

n(x – 3) + n(x – 2) = n (2x + 24)
 (x – 3) (x – 2) = 2x + 24
 x2 – 7x – 18 = 0
 (x = 9, – 2)  Domain
 x = 9 Ans.
105
Logarithm Solved Exercise-III

 ab  (ab) 2  4(a  b)   ab  (ab) 2  4(a  b) 
1. Let A denotes the value of log10   + log10  
 2   2 
   
when a = 43 and b = 57
and B denotes the value of the expression  2log 18 · 3log 3  . 6 6
Find the value of (A · B).

 ab  (ab)2 – 4(a  b)   ab – (ab) 2 – 4(a  b) 
Sol. A = log10   + log10  
 2   2 
   
 (ab)  ((ab)  4(a  b)) 
2 2
 A = log10  
 4 
= log10(a + b) = log10100 = 2 { a = 43 ; b = 57}
B = 2log6 18 ·3log 6 3  2log 6 (6 3) ·3log 63

= 21log6 3 ·3log6 3
= 2 · 2log6 3 ·3log6 3  2  (2·3)log6 3
= 2 × (6)log6 3  2  3  6
 A × B = 2 × 6 = 12
2. (a) If x = log34 and y = log53, find the value of log310 and log3(1.2) in terms of x and y.
2
(b) If k log2 5 = 16, find the value of k (log2 5) .
Sol. (a) x = log34 = 2log32 , y = log53 (given)
x 1
 log310 = log3(2 × 5) = log32 + log35 = 
2 y
xy  2
log310 = Ans.
2y
&
12
log31.2 = log3 = log312 – log310 = log3(22 × 3) – log310
10
= 2log32 + 1 – log310
 xy  2 
=x+1–  
 2y 
xy  2y – 2
 log31.2 = Ans.
2y
(b) k log2 5  16 (Given)
k (log2 5)  (k log2 5 )log2 5  16log2 5  24log2 5
2

= 54 = 625
Solve for x (3 to 5)
3. (a) If log10 (x2  12x + 36) = 2
(b) 91+logx  31+logx  210 = 0 ; where base of log is 3.
106
Sol. (a) Domain : x2 – 12x + 36 > 0
 (x – 6)2 > 0  x  R – {6}
Log10(x2 – 12x + 36) = 2  x2 – 12x + 36 = 100
 x2 – 12x – 64 = 0
 (x = 16, – 4)  Domain
 x = 16 , –4 Ans.
(b) Domain : x > 0

91log x – 31log x – 210  0
 9·9logx – 3·3logx – 210 = 0
 9·32logx – 3.3logx – 210 = 0 ; Put 3logx = t
 9t2 – 3t – 210 = 0
14
 t=– , 5
3
14
 3 log3 x
 , 5 x 5
3
log b  log b N 
4 3 1  4/3 log b a
4. Simplify : (a) log1/3 729 . 9 . 27 ; (b) a
Sol. (a) log1/3 4 729. 3 9–1.27 –4/3
= – log3(36·(3–2·3–4)1/3)1/4
= – log3(36·3–2)1/4 = – log3(34)1/4
= – 1 Ans.
 log b (log b N) 
 
 
 a loga (logb N)
log b a
(b) a
 log b N
5. (a) If log4 log3 log2 x = 0 ; (b) If loge log5 [ 2x  2  3] = 0

Sol. (a) log4(log3(log2x)) = 0 …..(1)
 log3(log2x) = 1  log2x = 3
 x = 23 = 8 ; Put in eqn (1)
 x=8
(b) 
loge log5 ( 2x  2  3)  0  …..(1)
 log5 ( 2x  2  3)  1
 2x  2  3  5
 2x – 2 = 4  x = 3 ; put in eqn (1)
 x=3
6. (a) Which is smaller? 2 or (log2 + log2 ).

(b) Prove that log35 and log27 are both irrational.
Sol. (a) If x > 0
1 1
x + = ( x )2 +
x ( x )2
2
1  1  1
x+ =  x  2  x+ 2 & Equality holds when x = 1
x  x x
0
107
1
 log2 + log2 = log2 + 2
log  2
(b) Assume that log35 is a rational no.

p
 log35 = ; p, q  I & q  0
q
 5 = 3p/q
 5q = 3p
 Both 5 and 3 are prime nos.
 For no. integral values of p & q.
5q can be equal to 3p
 Our assumption is wrong
 Log35 is an irrational number hence proved
Similarly we can prove that log27 is also an irrational number.
7. Let a and b be real numbers greater than 1 for which there exists a positive real number c,
different
from 1, such that
2(logac + logbc) = 9logabc. Find the largest possible value of logab.
Sol. a > 1, b > 1 , c > 0 (c  1)
2(logac + logbc) = 9logabc
Change base to ‘a’
 log a c  log a c
 2 log a c   =9×
 log a b  log a ab
 1  1
 2 1    9 ; Put logab = t
 log a b  1  log a b
 1 9
 2 1   =  2(t + 1)2 = 9t
 t  1  t
1
 2t – 5t + 2 = 0 
2
t = 2,
2
1
 logab = 2 or logab =
2
 largest value of logab = 2
8. Find the square of the sum of the roots of the equation

log3x · log4x · log5x = log3x · log4x + log4x · log5x + log5x · log3x.
Sol. log3x·log4x·log5x = log3x·log4x + log4x·log5x + log5x·log3x
Case (i) x = 1
 LHS = RHS = 1
 x = 1 is a solution
Case(ii) x  1
Divide by log3x·log4x·log5x both sides.
1 1 1
 1=  
log5 x log3 x log 4 x
 1 = logx5 + logx3 + logx4
 1 = logx(60)  x = 60
 x = 1, 60
108
2 3
9. Find the value of the expression  .
log 4 (2000) log5 (2000)6
6
Sol. 2  log(2000)6 4  3  log(2000)6 5

1
= log (2000)6 [42  53 ]  log 2000 2000
6
1
=
6
5log4 2 3  6   6log8  3  2 
10. Calculate : 4
5log4 (3 6 ) 6log8 ( 3  2 )
Sol. 4 2
5log (3 6 ) 6log 3 ( 3  2 )

25/2
=4 2
2 6
5· log2 (3 6 )  log 2 ( 3  2 )
5 3
=4
  3 6  
2 log 2    ; Rationalise
  3  2  
=4
= 42log2 ( 3)
 24log2 3
= ( 3)4
=9
1 3
3
.    
log 9 log 6 3
81 2
 125
5
log25 7 log 25 6
11. Simplify : 7 
409  
81log9 5  33.log3 6 
Sol.  ( 7)2.log7 25  (125)log25 6 
409
92.log9 5  33log3 6  log7 25 3log52 6 
=  7 5
409  
25  ( 6) 3
=  (25  (6)3/2 )
409
(25)2  63 625  216
=  1
409 409
log1/5  12 4 1
12. Simplify : 5  log log1/2 .
7 3 2
10  2 21
log (2) –1  4   1 
Sol. 5 5–1  log 21/2    log 2–1  
 7 3  10  2 21 
 4   1 
= 5log5 2  2log 2    log  
 7 3  10  2 21 
= 2 + 2log2 ( 7  3)  log 2 ( 7  3)2
= 2 + 2 [log 2 ( 7  3)  log 2 ( 7  3)]
= 2 + 2 × log3(7 – 3) = 2 + 2 × log24
=2+2×2
=6
109
2
2
13. Find 'x' satisfying the equation 4log10 x 1 – 6log10 x – 2.3log10 x = 0.
x0 
Sol. Domain : 2   x  0
x  0
4log10 x 1  6log10 x  2·3log10 x 2  0
2
 4log10 x ·4  6log10 x – 2·3log10 x ·32  0

2
 4·22log10 x  (2·3)log10 x  18·32log10 x  0

 4·22log10 x  2log10 x ·3log10 x –18·32log10 x  0
Put 2log10 x  p and 3log10 x  q
 4p2 – pq – 18q2 = 0
 (p + 2q) (4p – 9q) = 0
 p = – 2q or 4p = 9q
 2log10 x  2  3log10 x (Reject)
Or
4 2 log10 x
 9  3log10 x
log x 2
2 9 2
10
     
3 4 3
 log10x = – 2  (x = 100–2)  Domain
1
 x=
100
2 a 2 b5
14. Given that log2a = s, log4b = s2 and log c2 (8) = . Write log as a function of 's'
s3  1
2
c4
(a, b, c > 0, c  1).
Sol. log2a = s , log4b = s2  log2b = 2s2
2 3 2 4
and log c2 8  3  log c 2  3  log c 2  3
s 1 2 s 1 3(s  1)
a b 
2 5
 log2  4  = 2log2a + 5log2b – 4log2c
 c 
3
= 2s + 10s2 – 4 × (s3 + 1)
4
= 2s + 10s2 – 3(s3 + 1)
15. Find the value of 491log7 2 + 5 log5 4 .

Sol. 49(1log7 2)  5 log5 4
–1 –2 –1
5log5 ( 4)
= 49  7 –2log7 2  5log5 (4)  49  7log7 (2)
49 1 50
=    12.5
4 4 4
16. Given that log2 3 = a , log3 5 = b, log7 2 = c, express the logarithm of the number 63 to
the base 140 in terms of a, b & c.
Sol. log23 = a , log35 = b , log72 = c
  
3 = 2a 5 = 3b 2 = 7c
 5 = 2ab
 log14063 = log(7×20)(9×7) = log (22 57) (32  7)
110
1
2a 
= log(22 ·2ab ·21/c ) (22a ·21/c ) = c
1
2  ab 
c
2ac  1
=
abc  2c  1
log 2 24 log 2 192

17. Prove that  = 3.
log96 2 log12 2
log 2 24 log 2 192
Sol. LHS = 
log96 2 log12 2
= log224 × log296 – log2192 × log212
= log2(23·3) × log2(25.3) – log2(26·3) × log2(22·3)
= (3 + log23) × (5 + log23) – (6 + log23) × (2 + log23)
Let log23 = t
= (3 + t) (5 + t) – (6 + t)(2 + t)
= (15 +8t + t2) – (12 + 8t + t2)
= 3 = RHS Ans.
18. Prove that ax – by = 0 where x = log a b & y = log b a , a > 0 , b > 0 & a , b  1.
1
Sol. x= log a b & y = log b a =
log a b
LHS = ax – by
1
b
loga b log a b
=a
Put logab = t  b = at
1 1
= a t b t
 a t  (a t ) t
 a t  a t  0  RHS
Hence proved.
19. If a, b, c are positive real numbers such that a log3 7 = 27 ; blog7 11 = 49 and clog11 25 = 11 . Find
 2
the value of a (log3 7)  b(log7 11)  c(log11 25)
2 2
.
Sol. a log3 7  27, blog7 11  49, clog11 25  11
 a (log3 7)  b(log7 11)  c(log11 25)
2 2 2
= (a log3 7 )log3 7  (blog7 11 )log7 11  (clog11 25 )log11 25

= 27log3 7  49log7 11  ( 11)log11 25
1
log11 25
= 33log3 7  72log7 11  112
= (3)3 + (7)2 + (25)1/2
= 469 Ans.
log10 (x  3) 1
20. (a) Solve for x , 
log10  x  21 2
2
(b) log (log x) + log (log x3  2) = 0 ; where base of log is 10 everywhere.

(c) logx2 . log2x2 = log4x2 (d) 5logx + 5 xlog5 = 3 (a > 0) ; where base of log is a.
111
log10 (x  3) 1
Sol. (a)  …….(1)
log10 (x  21) 2
2
 2log10 (x – 3) = log10(x2 – 21)

 (x – 3)2 = x2 – 21
 x = 5 ; Put in (1)
 x = 5 Ans.
log(logx) + log(logx3 – 2) = 0
(b) …….(1)
 log((logx) × (logx3 – 2)) = 0
 logx × (3logx – 2) = 1 ; Put log x = t
 3t2 – 2t – 1 = 0
1
t=– , 1
3
1
 logx = – , 1  (x = 10–1/3, 10) ; Put in (1)
3
 x = 10 Ans.
(c) logx2 · log2x2 = log4x2

1 1
Domain : x > 0 and x  ,
2 4
1 1 1
  
log 2 x log 2 2x log 2 4x
1 1 1
   ; Put log2x = t
log 2 x 1  log 2 x 2  log 2 x
1 1
   t2  2
t(1  t) 2  t
 t=± 2
 log2x = ± 2  (x  2 2 , 2 2 )  Domain
 x  2 2 , 2 2 Ans.
(d) Let log a x  z
5z  5.5z  3
Let 5  p
z
p(6)  3
1
p
2
1
5z 
2
z log5   log 2
log 2
z
log 5
log a x   log5 2
x  a  log5 2
112
10 xy
21. If x, y > 0, logyx + logxy = and xy = 144, then = N where N is a natural number,
3 2
find the value of N.
x  0
y  0 
Sol. Domain :  
x 1
y  1 
10
logyx + logxy = & xy = 144
3
Put logyx = t
1 10
 t+   3t2 – 10t + 3 = 0
t 3
1
 t=3 or t=
3
1
 logyx = 3 or logyx =
3
 x = y3 or x = y1/3
 xy = 144  xy = 144
 y = 144
4
 y4/3 = 144
1/2
y = (12) y = (12)3/2
 x = (12) 3/2
 x = (12)1/2
x  y (12)1/2  (12)3/2
 
2 2
1/2
(12)
= (1  12)
2
13
= 12  507
2
 N = 507 Ans.
22. Solve the system of equations:

log a x log a (xyz)  48
log a y log a (xyz)  12 , a > 0, a  1.
log a z log a (xyz)  84
Sol. logax · loga(xyz) = 48 …..(1)
logay · loga(xyz) = 12 …..(2)
logaz · loga(xyz) = 84 ..…(3)
(1) + (2) + (3)
 loga(xyz) [logax + logay + logaz] = 144
 loga(xyz) × loga(xyz) = 144
 loga(xyz) = ± 12
 from eqn (1), (2) and (3)
logax = ± 4, logay = ± 1 , logaz = ± 7
 x = a±4, y = a±1, z = a±7
 x = a4, y = a , z = a7
Or
x = a–4 , y = a–1, z = a–7
113
23. (a) Given : log1034.56 = 1.5386, find log103.456 ; log100.3456 & log100.003456.
(b) Find the number of positive integers which have the characteristic 3, when the base of
the logarithm is 7.
(c) If log102 = 0.3010 & log103 = 0.4771, find the value of log10(2.25).
(d) Find the antilogarithm of 0.75, if the base of the logarithm is 2401.
Sol. (a) log10(34.56) = 1.5386
 Mantissa = 0.5386
 log103.456 = 0.5386
log100.3456 = 1 .5386
log100.003456 = 3 .5386
 If number > 1,
then characteristic = No. of digits – 1
Or
 If 0 < Number < 1
then, characteristic = – (No. of zeroes immediately before decimal + 1)
(b) Characteristic of log7N = 3

 N  [343, 2401)
 No. of +ve integers = 2058 Ans.
(c) log102 = 0.3010 & log103 = 0.4771

225
 log10(2.25) = log10 = log10(15)2 – 2
100
= 2[log103 + log105] – 2
10
= 2[log103 + log10 ] – 2
2
= 2[log103 + 1 – log102] – 2
= 2[0.4771 + 1 – 0.3010] – 2
= 0.3522 Ans.
(d) Antilog of 0.75 to the base 2401 can be written as,

log2401x = 0.75
 x = (2401)3/4 = (74)3/4
x = 343 Ans.
24. If log102 = 0.3010, log103 = 0.4771. Find the number of integers in :

(a) 5200 (b) 615 & (c) the number of zeros after the decimal in 3100.
Sol. log102 = 0.3010 & log103 = 0.4771
(a) let y = 5200
 log10y = 200 × log105 = 200 × log10(10/2)
log10y = 200 × [1 – log102] = 139.8
 Characteristic = No. of digits – 1
 139 = No. of digits – 1
(b) Let y = 615

take log10 both sides
 log10y = 15log106 = 15 [log102 + log103]
= 11.6715
Characteristic = No. of digits – 1
 11 = No. of digits – 1
114
(c) Let y = 3–100

 log10y = – 100 log(3) = –100 × 0.4771
log10y = – 47.71
Characteristic = – (No. of zeroes immediately before decimal + 1)
 – 48 = – (No. of zeroes immediately before decimal + 1)
 No. of zeroes immediately before decimal
= 47
25. Let 'L' denotes the antilog of 0.4 to the base 1024.
and 'M' denotes the number of digits in 610 (Given log102 = 0.3010, log103 = 0.4771)
and 'N' denotes the number of positive integers which have the characteristic 2,
when base of the logarithm is 6.
Find the value of LMN.
Sol. log10242 = 0.4  L = (1024)0.4 = (210)0.4 = 16
 L = 16
= Let y = 610 , Take log10 both sides
 log10y = 10 × log106 = 6 × (log102 + log103)
Log10y = 10 × (0.3010 + 0.4771) = 7.781
 Characteristic = No. of digits – 1
 7 = No. of digits – 1
 M=8
Characteristic of log6x = 2
 x  [36, 216)
 No. of +ve integers = 180
 N = 180
 LMN = 16 × 8 × 180
= 23040 Ans.
115
Logarithm Solved Exercise-IV
Note : From Q.1 to Q.7, solve the equation for x :

1. xlogx+4 = 32, where base of logarithm is 2.
Sol. Domain : x > 0
x log2 x + 4 = 25
 (log2x + 4) × log2x = 5 ; Put log2x = t
 t2 + 4t – 5 = 0  t = – 5, 1
 log2x = – 5, 1
 1 
  x = , 2   Domain
 32 
1
 x= ,2
32
2. logx+1 (x² + x − 6)2 = 4

x +1  0 

Sol. Domain : x + 1  1    x > – 1 – {0, 2}
(x 2 + x – 6) 2  0 
log(x+1)(x2 + x –6)2 = 4
 (x2 + x – 6)2 = (x + 1)4
 x2 + x – 6 = ± (x + 1)2
 x2 + x – 6 = (x + 1)2 or x2 + x – 6 = – (x + 1)2
 x2 + x – 6 = x2 + 2x + 1 or x2 + x – 6 = – x2 – 2x – 1
 x=–7 or 2x2 + 3x – 5 = 0
5
 x = 1, –
2
 5
  x = −7,1, –   Domain
 2
 x = 1 Ans.
3. x + log10(1 + 2x) = x . log105 + log106.

Sol. x + log10(1 + 2x) = x.log105 + log106 …….(1)
 log1010x + log10(1 + 2x) = log10 (5x . 6)
 10x.(1 + 2x) = 6.5x
 5x [2x(1 + 2x) – 6] = 0 ; Put 2x = t
 5x = 0 or t2 + t – 6 = 0  t = – 3 , 2
 2x = – 3, 2
 x = 1 ; Put is eqn (1)
 x = 1 Ans.
116
4. 5logx – 3logx-1 = 3logx+1 – 5logx-1, where the base of logarithm is 10.

Sol. Domain : x > 0
5log x – 3log x −1 = 3log x +1 − 5log x −1
 5log x – 3log x ·3–1 = 3log x ·3 – 5log x ·5–1
 1  1
 5log x 1 +  = 3log x  3 + 
 5  3
6  10 
 5log x   = 3log x  
5  3
log x 2
5 5
   =   logx = 2  (x = 100)  Domain
3  3
 x = 100 Ans.
1 + log 2 (x − 4)
5. =1
log 2 ( x + 3 − x − 3)
1 + log 2 (x − 4)
Sol. =1 ….(1)
log 2 ( x + 3 – x − 3)
 1 + log2(x – 4) = 2log2 ( x + 3 − x − 3)
 log22 + log2(x – 4) = log2(2x – 2 x 2 – 9 )
 2(x – 4) = 2x – 2 x 2 – 9
 x2 – 9 = 4
 x2 – 9 = 16  x = 5, –5 ; Put is eqn (1)
 x = 5 Asn.
6. log5 120 + (x − 3) − 2 . log5 (1 − 5x-3) = −log5(0.2 − 5x-4)

Sol. log5120 + (x – 3) – 2 . log5(1 – 5x–3) = – log5(0.2 – 5x–4) …(1)
 log5120 + log5(0.2 – 5x–4) – log5 (1 – 5x–3)2 = –(x – 3)
 120  (0.2 – 5x –4 ) 
 log5   = – (x – 3)
 (1 – 5x –3 ) 2 
24 – 24  5x −3
 = 5–(x–3) ; Put 5x–3 = t
(1 − 5x −3 )2
(1 – t) 2
 24 – 24t =  25t2 – 26t + 1 = 0
t
1
 t = 1,
25
 5 = 1, 5–2  x – 3 = 0, –2
x–3
 x = 3, 1 ; Put is eqn (1)

 x = 1 Ans.
117
 1 
7. log 4 + 1 +
 2 x
 log 3 = log

( x 3 + 27 ) .
Sol. Domain : x  N – {1}
 1 
log4 +  1 +  log3 = log ( 3 + 27)
x
 2x 
 1 
1+ 
 log4 + log 3  2x 
= log(31/x + 27)
 1+ 1 x  
 log  4·3 2   = log(31/ x + 27)
 
 
 4 · 3 · 31/2x = 31/x + 27 ; Put 31/2x = t
 12t = t2 + 27
 t2 – 12t + 27 = 0
 t = 3, 9  31/2x = 3, 9
1  1 1
 = 1, 2   x = ,   Domain
2x  2 4
 x   (No solution) Ans.
x
8. If 'x' and 'y' are real numbers such that, 2 log(2y – 3x) = log x + log y, find .
y
x0 

Sol. Domain : y  0  
2y − 3x  0 
2log(2y – 3x) = logx + logy
 (2y – 3x) = logx + logy
 4y2 + 9x2 – 13xy = 0
Divide by y2 and Put x/y = t
4
 9t2 – 13t + 4 = 0  t = 1,
9
x 4
 = 1, Ans.
y 9
9. The real x and y satisfy log8x + log4y2 = 5 and log8y + log4x2 = 7, find xy.
1 2
Sol. log8x + log4y2 = 5  log2x + log2y = 5
3 2
 x1/3y = 25 ……(1)
and
1 2
log8y + log4x2 = 7  log2y + log2x = 7
3 2
118
 y1/3 x = 27 ……(2)
(1) × (2)  (xy) = 212  xy = 29 Ans.
4/3
10. If a = log1218 & b = log2454 then find the value of ab + 5 (a − b).

Sol. a = log1218 and b = log2454
Change base to 3
log 3 18 log3 54
 a= and b=
log 3 12 log 3 24
log 3 (32  2) log 3 (33  2)
 a= and b=
log 3 (22  3) log 3 (23  3)
2 + log 3 2 3 + log 3 2
a= and b=
2 log 3 2 + 1 3log 3 2 + 1
 2alog32 + a = 2 + log32 and 3blog32 + b = 3 + log32
Eliminate log3 2
2− a 3−b
 =
2a − 1 3b − 1
 (2 − a)(3b −1) = (3 − b)(2a −1)
 6b − 2 − 3ab + a = 6a − 3 − 2ab + b
 ab + 5a − 5b = 3 − 2
 ab + 5(a − b) = 1
11. If x = 1 + logabc , y = 1 + logbca, z = 1 + logcab, then prove that xyz = xy + yz + zx.

Sol. x = 1 + logabc  x = logaa + logabc = logaabc
y = 1 + logbca  y = logbb + logbca = logbabc
1 1 1
 logabca = , logabcb = , logabcc =
x y z
Add all,
1 1 1
 logabca + logabcb + logabcc = + +
x y z
xy + yz + zx
 logabcabc =
xyz
 xy + yz + zx = xyz Hence proved.
12. If p = loga bc, q = logb ca, r = logc ab, then prove that pqr = p + q + r + 2.
Sol. p = logabc, q = logbca , r = logcab
Add 1 both sides is,
 p + 1 = 1 + logabc = logaabc
 q + 1 = 1+ logbca = logbabc
 r + 1 = 1 + logcab = logcabc
119
1 1 1
 logabca = , logabcb = , logabcc =
p +1 q +1 r +1
Add all,
1 1 1
 logabcabc = + +
p +1 q +1 r +1
 (p + 1) (q + 1) (r + 1) = (q + 1) (r + 1) + (p + 1)(r + 1) + (p + 1)(q + 1)
On simplifying, we get
pqr = p + q + r + 2
Hence proved.
13. If logba . logca + logab . logcb + logac . logb c = 3 (Where a, b, c are different positive real
numbers  1), then find the value of abc.
Sol. Change base to “e”
na na nb nb nc nc
 . + . + . =3
nb nc na nc na nb
 (na)3 + (nb)3 + (nc)3 = 3 na. nb . nc
 only possible when,
na = nb = nc or na + nb + nc = 0
 a=b=c or n(abc) = 0
(Reject)  abc = 1 Ans.
 a, b, c are distinct
14. Let y = log 2 3·log 2 12·log 2 48·log 2 192 + 16 – log212 · log248 + 10. Find y  N.
Sol. y= log 2 3·log 2 12·log2 48·log2 192 + 16 – log212 · log248 + 10
 y= log 2 3·(2 + log 2 3)·(4 + log 2 3)·(6 + log 2 3) – (2 + log 2 3).(4 + log 2 3) + 10
Put log23 = t
 y = t(2 + t)(4 + t)(6 + t) – (2 + t)(4 + t) + 10
= (t 2 + 6t + 8)(t 2 + 6t – (t2 + 6t + 8) + 10
= (t 2 + 6t + 4) 2 – (t2 + 6t + 8) + 10
= (t2 + 6t + 4) – (t2 + 6t + 8) + 10
= 6 Ans.
3
15. Solve the equation log4(x + 2)2 + 3 = log4(4 – x)3 + log4(6 + x)3.
2
(x + 2) 2  0 

Sol. Domain : (4 − x)3  0    x  (–6, 4) – {2}
(6 + x)3  0 
120
3
log4(x + 2)2 + 3 = log4(4 – x)3 + log4(6 + x)3
2
 3log4|x + 2| + 3 = 3 log4(4 – x) + 3log4(6 + x)
 log4|x + 2| – log4(4 – x) – log4(6 + x) = – 1
 | x +2| 
 log4   = −1
 (4 − x)(6 + x) 
| x +2| 1
 = 4 –1 =
(4 − x)(6 + x) 4
Case (i) x + 2 > 0  x > – 2
–(x + 2) 1
 =
(4 – x)(6 + x) 4
 x2 + 6x – 16 = 0
 x = –8, 2
Case (ii) x + 2 < 0  x < – 2
 4(x + 2) = (4 – x) (6 + x)
 x2 – 2x – 32 = 0
 x=1+ 33 , 1 − 33
 (x = 1 − 33 , 2)  Domain
 x = 1 − 33 , 2 Ans.
16. Find the product of the positive roots of the equation (2008)(x) log2008 x = x 2 .
Sol. Domain : x > 0
(2008) · x log2008 x = x 2
 log2008 ( )
(2008) · x log2008 x = 2 log 2008 x
 log 2008 2008 + log 2008 x ·log 2008 x = 2·log 2008 x

Put log2008x = t
1
 + t2 = 2t  2t2 – 4t + 1 = 0
2
2 2
 t=
2
2 2
 log2008x =
2
 2+ 2 2− 2 
  x = (2008) 2 & x = (2008) 2   Domain
 
 
 Product of roots = (2008)4/2 = (2008)2 Ans.
121
 4  4  2 2 
17. Find x satisfying the equation log 2 1 +  + log 2 1 −  = 2 log  − 1 .
 x  x+4  x −1 
 4  4  2 2 
Sol. log2 1 +  + log2 1 −  = 2 log  − 1
 x  x+4  x −1 
 x+4 2 x  2  3− x 
 log 2   + log   = 2 log  
 x   x+4  x −1 
 x+4 2 x+4 2  3− x 
 log 2   + log   = 2 log  
 x   x   x −1 
 x+4 2  3− x 
 log 2   = log  
 x   x −1 
x+4  3− x   x+4  3− x 
 log   = log   or log   = − log  
 x   x −1   x   x −1 
x + 4 3− x x + 4 x −1
 = or =
x x −1 x 3− x
 (x + 4) (x – 1) = x (3 – x) or (x + 4) (3 – x) = x(x – 1)
 x2 = 2 or x2 = 6
 (x = 2,– 2 or x= 6 , – 6 ) ; Put is (1)
 x= 2, 6 Ans.
18. Solve : log3 ( x+ x −1 ) = log ( 4

9 x −3+ 4 x −1 )
Sol. log3 ( )
x + x − 1 = log9 4 x − 3 + 4 x − 1 ( )
 log3 ( x+ x −1 = ) 1
2
(
log 3 4 x − 3 + 4 x − 1 )
 2log3 ( x+ x − 1 ) = log ( 4
3 x −3+ 4 x −1 )
( )
2
 x+ x −1 = 4 x = −3 + 4 x − 1
( )
2
 x+ x −1 + 2 x x −1 = 4 x − 3 + 4 x −1
 2x + 1 – 2 x + 2 x | x – 1| = 4 x – 3 + 4 | x – 1|
 2x + 2 x | x – 1| = 6 x – 4 + 4 | x – 1|
Case(i) x – 1  0  x  1
 2x + 2 x ( x – 1) = 6 x – 4 + 4 ( x – 1)
 x–3 x +2=0
 ( x )2 – 3 x + 2 = 0  x = 1, 2  x =  
Case (ii) x –1<0  x<1
 2x – 2 x ( x – 1) = 6 x – 4 – 4( x – 1)
122
 2x – 2x + 2 x = 6 x – 4 – 4 x + 4
 2 x =2 x  0=0
 x  (–, 1)
 x  (–, 1]  {4} Ans.
 
 log 4 ab + log 4 ab − log 4 b + log 4 a  · log b


a b a a b b

a
2 if b  a  1
19. Prove that : 2 =  loga b
2 if 1  b  a
Sol.  log 4 ab + log 4 ab – log 4 b / a + log 4 a / b  loga b

 a b a b 
LHS = 2
1
loga (ab) +logb (ab) − loga (b/a) +log b (a/b)  · log a b
= 22 
1
1+ loga b +1+ log b a − loga b −1+log b a −1 · loga b
= 2
2
a 1
Put logab = t  logab > 0 &
b 1
1 2
t + 2t +1 − t 2 − 2t +1 
t
2   t
= 2
1
[|t +1|−|t −1|]
= 2 2 –1 1
Case(i) t<–1  logab < – 1 Reject
Case(ii) –1t<1  – 1  logab < 1 ; But logab  0
 0 < logab < 1  1<b<a
1
[t +1+ t −1]
 LHS = 2 2 = 2t
LHS = 2loga b ; 1  b  a
Case (iii) t  1  logab  1  ba & a>1
 ba>1
1
[t + t − t +1]
 LHS = 2 2 =2
 LHS = 2 ; b  a > 1
 1  1
20. Solve for x : log2 (4 − x) + log (4 − x) . log  x +  − 2 log2  x +  = 0.
 2  2
4−x  0   1 
Sol. Domain :   x   − ,4
x + 1/ 2  0   2 
 1
Put log(4 – x) = p & log  x +  = q
 2
 p2 + p.q – 2q2 = 0
 p=q or p + 2q = 0
123
 1  1
 log(4 – x) = log  x +  or log(4 – x) + 2log  x +  = 0
 2  2
2
1  1
 4–x= x+ or (4 – x) .  x +  = 1
2  2
7
 x= or x = 0 or 4x2 – 12x – 15 = 0
4
3 + 24 3 − 24
 x= ,
2 2
 7 3 + 24 3 − 24 
  x = 0, , ,   Domain
 4 2 2 
7 3 + 24
 x=0, , Ans.
4 2
124
Logarithm Solved Exercise-V

1
1. Solve the following equations for x & y : log100|x + y| = [REE 96]
2
log10 y – log10|x| = log100 4.
1
Sol. log100|x + y| =  x  y  10 …..(1)
2
2
log10 y – log10|x| = log100 4  log10 2
2
y
  2  y  22 | x | …..(2)
|x|
From (1) & (2)  x  2 | x | 10
x0 x0
 3x  10  x  10
10 10
x ,  x  10, 10
3 3  
 
 
20
y y  20
3
 10 20 
 (x1y)   ,  or  10, 20 
 3 3 
2. Find all real numbers x which satisfy the equation, [REE 96]

2 log2(log2 x) + log1/2 log2 2 2 x = 1 
  3 
Sol. 2 log 2  log 2 x   log 21  log 2  2 2 x    1 ….(1)
 
  
  3 
 log 2  log 2 x   log 2  log 2  2 2 x    1
 
  
 
 2 
 log 2 
 log 2 x    1
  3 
 log 2  2 2 x  
   
 log 2 x   2
2
 ; Put log 2 x  t
3
 log 2 x
22
 t  3  2t  t 2  2t  3  0
 t  3, 1
 log 2 x  3, 1
1
 x  8, (rejected) ; Put in (1)
2
x  8
125
3. log3/4log8 (x2 + 7) + log1/2 log1/4 (x2 + 7)1 =  2. [REE 2000]
Sol. log3/4log8 (x2 + 7) + log1/2 log1/4 (x2 + 7)1 =  2

1  1 
 log 3   log 2  x 2  7    log 2  log 2  x 2  7    2
4 3  2 
Put log 2  x  7   t
2
t t
 log 3    log 2    2
4  3  2
Change base to 2
t t
log 2   log 2  
  3   2   2
3 log 2 2
log 2  
4
log 2 (t)  log 3 2 log 2 t  1
   2
log 2 3  2 1
Put log 2 t   & log 2 3  q
pq
  (p  1)  2
q2
 p  q  (p 1)(q  2)  2(q  2)
 3p  pq  2q  6  0
 (3  q)(p  2)  0
 q  3 or p  2
 log 2 3  3
or log 2 t  2  t  4

 log 2  x 2  7   4
 x 2  7  16  x 2  9
 x  3, 3
4. Number of solutions of log4(x – 1) = log2(x – 3) is

(A) 3 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 0
[JEE 2001 (Screening)]
Ans. (B)
Sol. Domain:-
x 1  0
x 3  0   x 3
 log 22 (x  1)  log 2 (x  3)
1
 log 2 (x  1)  log 2 (x  3)
2
log 2  x  1  log 2  x  3
2
x  1   x  3
2
x 2  7x  10  0
 x  2,5  Domain

x  5
126
5. Let (x0, y0) be solution of the following equations
(2x)ln2 = (3y)ln3 [JEE 2011]
3lnx = 2lny
Then x0 is :
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 6
6 3 2
Ans. (C)
Sol. (2x)ln2 = (3y)ln3 & 3lnx = 2lny
Take “ln” both sides in both equation.
 ln2  ln(2x)   ln 3  ln(3n) 
 ln 2[ln 2  ln x]  ln 3[ln3  ln y] ….(1)
&
ln x(ln 3)  ln y(ln 3)  ln y(ln 2)
From equation (1) & (2) eliminate lny
ln x
 (ln 2)2  ln 2  ln x  (ln 3) 2  ln 3   ln 3
ln 2
 (ln 3)2  ln x
 (ln 2)2  (ln 3) 2    (ln 3) 2  
 ln 2  ln 2
ln x
 ln 2   ln 3    ln 2    ln 3  
2 2 2 2

ln 2
 ln x   ln 2
1
 x
2
 
 1 1 1 1  is
6. The value of 6 + log 4  4  4  ... [JEE 2012]
3
 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 
2
 
Ans. (4)
 
 1 1 1 1
Sol. To find  6  log 3 4 4 4 .... 

2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 
 
 t 
 6  log 3   ….(1)
2 3 2 
1 1 1
 t  4 4 4 .... ; t  0
3 2 3 2 3 2
t
 t  4 , Square both sides
3 2
 3 2t 2  t 12 2  0
3 4 2
 t (reject) or t 
2 3
4 2
 Put t  in equation (1)
3
 1 4 2 4
 To find  6  log 3     6  log 3    6  2  4
 3 
2 3 2 2 9
127
1 1
7. The value of is  (log 2 

9)2 log2 (log2 9)  ( 7) log 4 7
[JEE Advance 2018]
Ans. (8)
1 1
Sol.  (log 2 
9)2 log2 (log2 9)  ( 7) log 4 7
Put log 2 9  t
2
  t2 
log t 2 log7 2
 72
 t 2logt 2  2  t 2logt 2  2
 4 2= 8
8. Consider the statement : "P(n) : n2 – n + 41 is prime,. " then which one of the following is
true ? [Jee main 2019 (10-01-2019-shift-1)]
(A) Both P(3) and P(5) are true (B) P(3) is false but P(5) is true
(C) Both P(3) and P(5) are false (D) P(5) is false but P(3) is true.
Ans. (A)
Sol. p(n) = n2 – n + 41
n(5) = 61
n(3) = 47
9. The number of solutions of the equation log4(x – 1) = log2(x – 3) is :

[Jee main 2021 (26-02-2021-shift-1)]
Ans. (1)
Sol. log4(x – 1) = log2(x – 3)
1
 log2 (x  1)  log2 (x  3)
2
1/2
 (x – 1) = x – 3
 (x – 1) = x2 + 9 – 6x
2
 x – 7x + 10 = 0
 (x – 2) (x – 5) = 0
 x = 2, 5
But x  2 because it is not satisfying the domain of given equation i.e. log2(x – 3)  its
domain x > 3
Finally x is 5
 No. of solutions = 1.
10. The number of solutions of the equation

log(x +1) (2x2 + 7x + 5) + log(2x + 5) (x +1)2 – 4 = 0, x > 0 ,is____.
[Jee main 2021 (20-07-2021-shift-2)]
Ans. (1)
Sol. log(x+1) ((2x + 5) (x + 1)) + log(2x+5) (x + 1)2 = 4
1 + log(x+1) (2x+5) + 2log(2x+5) (x + 1) = 4
Put log(x+1) (2x + 5) = t
2
1+t+ 4
t
t2 + t + 2 = 4t  t2 – 3t + 2 = 0
t = 1, t = 2
For t = 1 For t = 2
2x + 5 = x + 1 2x + 5 = (x + 1)2
 x = – 4 (rejected) x = 2, x = – 2 (rejected)
128
QUESTION BANK
[STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE]
1−a − b
Q.1 If 60a = 3 and 60b = 5 then the value of 12 2(1−b) equals

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 3 (D) 12
Ans. (A)
Sol. a = log60 3
b = log60 5
1−a −b 1−log60 3−log60 5 1−(log60 3+log60 5) log60 60 −(log60 15)
2(1−b) 2(1−log60 5) 2(1−log60 5) 2(log60 60−log60 5)
12 = 12 = 12 = 12
60
log60
15
60 log60 4 1
2log60 log12 12
= 12 5
= 12 log60 144
= 12log144 4 = 4 2 =2
log b + c a + log c − b a
Q.2 Let ABC be a triangle right angled at C. The value of
log b + c a·log c − b a
(b + c  1, c – b  1) equals
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) ½
Ans. (B)
Sol. a 2 + b2 = c2
 c2 − b 2 = a 2
log b + c a log c −a a 1 1
+  +
log b + c a  log c − b a log b +c a  log c −b a log c −b a log b +c a
log a (c − b) + log a (c + b) = log a (c 2 − b2 ) = log a a 2 = 2
Q.3 The set of values of x satisfying simultaneously the inequalities

( x − 8) ( 2 − x )
 0 and 2x − 3 − 31 > 0 is :
log 0.3 ( 10
7 ( log 2 5 − 1))
(A) a unit set (B) an empty set
(C) an infinite set (D) a set consisting of exactly two elements
Ans. (A)
( x − 8) ( 2 − x )
Sol. 0 and 2x −3 − 31  0
log 0.3 ( 10
7 ( log 2 5 − 1) )
(x − 8)(2 − x)  0 and 2x −3  31
 (x − 8)(2 − x)  0 and (x − 3)log2 2  log2 31
 x [2,8] ….(i) and x − 3  log2 31
we know that when base of log is a x  3 + log2 31
0  a  1, y = loga x x  7 { log2 31  5}
129
y  0, x  1 x  (7, ).......II
y  0, x  1
 10 
log 0.3  ( log 2 5 − 1) 
7 
 10  5 
 log 0.3   log 2 .2 − 1 
 7 2 
 10 
 log 0.3  log 2.5 
7 
 log 0.3 ( No.  1) = no.  0
(x − 8)(2 − x)
0
− ve
 (x − 8)(2 − x)  0
 (x − 8)(2 − x) = 0 [ x  0]
 x = {2,8} …..(ii)
From equation (i) & (ii)
x {2,8}......I
intersection of I and II
x=8
Q.4 If log0.3(x – 1) < log0.09 (x – 1) , then x lies in the interval

(A) (2 , ) (B) (1 , 2) (C) (1, ) (D) none of these
Ans. (A)
Sol. log0.3(x – 1) < log0.09 (x – 1)

Upon applying log rules, we get,
log 0.3 (x − 1)  log 0.3 x − 1 ( )
 x − 1  x − 1 and
x −1  0
Now,
x −1  x −1
( )  ( x − 1)
2
x −1
2
x − 1  x 2 − 2x + 1
x  1 or x  2
Now,
x −1  0; x  1
Overlapping all the intervals, we get,
x2
130
 2x − 2007 
Q.5 Number of integral values of x the inequality log10    0 holds true, is
 x +1 
(A) 1004 (B) 1005 (C) 2007 (D) 2008
Ans. (B)
 2x − 2007 
Sol. log10  0
 x +1 
2x − 2007
 10 Also
x +1
2x − 2007 2x − 2007
1 0
x +1 x +1
2x − 2007  x + 1 x  −1
x  2008 2x − 2007  0
2x  2007
2007
x
2
x  1003.5
Possible values of x are (integers)
1004, 1005, ……., 2008
2008 − 1004
x= +1
1
= 1004 + 1 = 1005
[MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE TYPE]

Q.6 If y = log7–a (2x2 + 2x + a + 3) is defined x  R, then possible integral value(s) of a is/are
(A) – 3 (B) – 2 (C) 4 (D) 5
Ans. (BCD)
Sol. 2x 2 + 2x + a + 3  0, x  R
As D < 0, we have
4 − 4(a + 3)2  0
 1 − 2(a + 3)  0
 1  4a + 6
 −5  2a,a  −5 / 2
 7 − a  0,a  7,7 − a  1,6  a
131

Logarithm Sheet Solution 1666958544141

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Logarithm Sheet Solution 1666958544141

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm

Logarithm Solved Exercise-I

127. log3(1 + log3(2x – 7)) = 1

130. log5 – x(x2 – 2x + 65) = 2

x (–, 5) – {4}

133. log7(2x – 1) + log7(2x – 7) = 1

134. log5 + log(x + 10) – 1 = log(21x – 20) – log(2x – 1)

log5 + log(x + 10) – 1 = log(21x – 20) – log(2x – 1)

137. 3log3 log x

 log x – log x + (log x)2 – 3 = 0

Take log both sides,

139. 9log3 (12x)  5x 2  5

140. x1+ logx = 10x

141. x2logx = 10x2

 logx = 1 ± 3  ( x  101 3 )  Domain

Sol. Domain x > 0

145. xlogx + 1 =106

Sol. Domain : x > 0

Take log both sides

149. 3 log 2 x  log 2 8x  1  0

3 log 2 x  log 2 (8x )  1  0

150. log2x – 3logx = log(x2) – 4

log2x – 3logx = 2logx – 4

151. log1/3 x  3 log1/3 x  2  0

153. log 22 x  2log 2 x  2  0

Sol. (a log b x ) 2  5x log b a  6 ; x > 0, a > 0 , b > 0

 (a log b x ) 2  5(a log b x )  6  0

 a log b x  2, 3  logbx = loga2 , loga3

log2 (100x) + log2(10x) = 14 + log(1/x)

156. log4 (x +3) – log4 (x – 1) = 2 – log48

log4(x + 3) – log4(x – 1) = 2 – log48

157. log4(x2 – 1) – log4(x – 1)2 = log 4 (4  x) 2

log4(x2 – 1) – log4(x – 1)2 = log4 |4 – x|

 x=3+ 6,3– 6 (x > 4)

159. 2log4(4 – x) = 4 – log2(–2 – x)

160. 3 + 2logx + 13 = 2log3(x + 1)

161. logx (9x2). log32 x = 4

163. log 0.5x x 2  14log16x x 3  40log 4x x  0

log0.5xx2 – 14log16xx3 + 40 log4x x = 0

log 2 x 2 log 2 x 3 log 2 x1 / 2

2 log 2 x log 2 x 40 log 2 x  0

167. log3(4x – 3) + log3(4x – 1) = 1

168. log 3  log1/2 2 x  3log1/2 x  5   2

Sol. log3(log1/22x – 3log1/2x + 5) = 2 .....(1)

170. 1+ 2 log(x +2)5 = log5(x +2)

171. log 4 24x  2log2 4

Sol. log4(24x) = 2 log 2 4

174. log2(4.3x –6) – log2(9x – 6) = 1

176. log4(2.4x–2 –1) + 4 =2x

177. log x 5  log x (5x)  2.25  (log x 5) 2

logx 5 + logx(5x) – 2.25 = (logx 5 )2

178. log(log x) + log(log x4– 3) = 0

179. log3x – 2 log1/3x = 6

183. 2 log3(x – 2) + log3(x – 4)2 = 0

184. log 2 (2x 2 )  log 4 (16x )  log 4 x 3

Sol. log 2 ( 2 x 2 ). log 4 (16 x ) = log4x3 ....(1)

 log ( x  1  1) = log(x – 40)

Logarithm Solved Exercise-II

2. If log 27 = 1.431 then the value of log 9 is

3. If x = log2a a, y = log3a 2a, z = log4a 3a, then the value of x y z + 1 is

4. Let 3a = 4, 4b = 5, 5c = 6, 6d = 7, 7e = 8, and 8f = 9, then find the value of the product abcdef :

5. If log5 a . loga x = 2, then x is equal to :

log alog ylog y z

9. If log2 x + log2 y  6, then the least value of x + y is :