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neccl ho

Shto Ra Re Complemen a hiporhte aph


bparbi te gtaph

NS

bipi gap
gop
is tahis no a b parmbe
he mplemenl

Ke Complel- bipakite. gaph Ks.3


Find Complemen o

A
A

ap o txaciy koo veicy


Ccnnecreod
Sheso
Eulen a .
hos
ooclcl degce
A B b e orlu
Selu tk
Con neuhud raph 6
tn a

ban eda e exen i


Soin hese
bcom
A and B
btecen m Ihen
alntdy On edg
Site all ala yeicy
Venicts n degnee

he
gaph C U e i6 Cenned d
G a o evn degee
and hos all veace o evn dueedue
uuhmus induck e
Contouns a
Edu GAu

b deletiroe tom Ewde iAu


Mail 9e
an tAailn
She fal h peson 91aph os no Harriltor
Hanillon

in i o u a hns a Hami t on pa
Oale

Sdu Ihe hcguda qlaph oh Gveti-


peemen ganh is

1S edaes

The Ahown odow


Nelic 1ahd a
AecDELMIV P

/N
C

Since aph has lo val-ices 1 cdos o Ham orn

a must pax Kaough e


ycle i ony in

0 ates Tmws hare 1S edla


iudent a e u Vekn
hsove a 3 dgs anc

R goph
Cen be indudud in a

Rs hiic daes ondu kos

enisks) a cach o ee o vokis


Harn on Cydeih t
b e xcud ed Bu
B
dae hos
Ae qaph Raph on
o
o nd Ra e rumba a edgu
acual ceunling
CN DE Pm aE
be ud d (AL BM
i
in aph
odges Ha Aemain
Censcoueny
no
a
isuluent
o tom
9 hes edees a
S--6:
tn Re a p h

Hami ton Cyc Ham kon lycl


Cenlain a

Ihus e pmon aph dces no


in LN
we noL Ra AB, BC CD, DE,ta am mP PL,
aM induds a t Vedices Tus pot
om a a i
aoc a Harni lkon pah
us pceeAon qaph dos ha Harni orn paltn

Shee Ha ubic noph has an even numbe o


CVCL
Votices
Gb c. goplh usih n veat (

3
Vetex o degtte
odo deqee 3
evey veter
humbeA odd eleq
GAaph &
n a

e Yhiy
een
numb
Culaic quaph has an

Hyeseube
k

Componn cbnneckrd gap. Sah


mone
onc.

G Consis ano i Callkd


Gahaph i udhoph G
bush Cennered aph

aCom onen o G Cempon


Component
enu
a
alisionnede
one
o nc

roph
has ny
only
Cennercd
A o mo. Componenls

lapl, ho is olenoBd Ly
denokd
° a aa
inh G
a

Ceopenents
umloe o

KGL)

Vs
VS
Pa
ReC,P
Pe,Ae Rey Pe, Se
C u r Chtut
R

Ae,Bc, De Ce, Ae, D aa


ul
BCD3

Aaw a diagam lo dimensienal hypeoe

Phcve at Khe k oimensional Juypeube Q, hos k2ede

Sn ypereube. Re numbe ovenbices i 24 ena


iodgee k
Vute
Venices oA kx2
thaee he Aurn odet
By andshaking Pepely
kx22 |el

has has k2 edges

ha 8x2 1021,

e 3x2 3x4 12
ndenc Mau
no e loop
G be a.
aaph o n yeicey ed
n os CohGpoa
uSone
Delinc an m a t a i n A: /a
Columns Cohiespondsto
e he e
to n vuces and

eedgsa aoloDA

MalaiL elemen vax V


imsdent on i
ej i
eda

ehoid b c de 9h

C V

d
V

talleel Yekex edge inudente mata


malaix A 6

Simpl incidenec mabai


too elemntz o 1.
lonFauns enly
inudence makai op
lhe wikheut scllp
(uwieut s
is Called a binay ma
..

".)
matai
bush aa
bulsh
inwidenec mataix A
ons abou R
The ellooing ouva
wo Veukicy
is
inciden on exaty ,

Sivce eV edge
teo 1
each Lolumn
a A has eauty
houb als e degee
in eath
eTn
umatiA

Ve c
Cohh&spending s an isolakcel vax
Atphesen
al Cs Meo
Ahou n columns in i.
idenlcal

daes in a aph phodute


Pakallel

inudenie MarAl
oistenncdrd Cemaia oho Cemonols
G G canbe
inadente
makki A()ogrofph
Aten
olode diana om
A(3) o
AlG)
Al)
Columrs in o0
FEAmatatro On no oA
lo helohelna e.
inudenvc malix tohMeApond
Ain
ply
Aom
Vories das

Adyac enty matn


he adjacenay mabuiv. a ophGw n veshcu 4
AymmeAC benany maix
no
ponald edaus an n by n
uh a k
X dehncd ova e fung oioleus
t Maci an dg buocn 4 vohcs
hem
enc n o dac bcuocen
3 V Vs V
es

VIo

AAimp aph t s ady ateny maki


e phintujaal diagenal oX ae
all Os i
entaes alonq
A sd leop a- R
.ne
haa no
e lopa.
and only Ae gaph
to Xi 1
Vuk lomesponds

2 h dcinion adatcnty mali


x. maks no povi'sion
x os denee ko
Paalle edaes h adiatenay mal.
lod aialld cdges
aphs w
lps Re degae ot a veatex
cg
Re qaph ay no sdh X.
3.
14 in R (pnespondainq
heo ei colurnn
He numoe
a b

wte Re ad anctncy
matai ohe.lewoing gop
h
cd e 9

o0o 0.

d b

O a
1
0 .

oI0.

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