ASSET OPTIMIZATION

• Points to be taken care of

– Asset monitoring
– Notification and maintenance
– Workflow optimization of automation
– Equipment
– Infrastructure
– Field devices
– Electrical equipment
– IT assets and production processes
– All that data in a real-time basis
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 ASSET OPTIMIZATION
Increased asset availability and
performance:

The asset conditioning reporting tool shows

a) What/where is the problem,

b) What is the type and severity of the
problem,
c) How the problem caused, d)
d) Who is the appropriate operator to initiate
action,
e) What specific actions are needed to solve
the problem.
f) The email or sms service is enabled
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OPTIMIZED OPERATIONS AND
MAINTENANCE EFFECTIVENESS
• To optimize the operations and maintenance effectiveness
– Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS) Integration
– Device Management System (DMS) Calibration Integration

• Maintenance operators use

– CMMS and DMS
– To issue work permits
– Maintain inventories of spare parts
– Update maintenance schedules
– Indentify potential faults etc

• CMMS data may also be used to verify regulatory compliance

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 OPTIMIZED OPERATIONS

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 BENEFITS FROM ASSET OPTIMIZATION
• The areas that it offers solutions to can be summarized
as follows:
– Asset Optimization:
• A single interface for operations
• Maintenance, engineering
• Management to optimize asset availability and utilization
– Reduced Time to Repair through Optimized Work
Processes:
• Integration of disparate
• Computerized maintenance management systems (CMMS)
• DMS calibration systems
• Dynamic overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) tools
• Control systems streamlines work flow between operations and
maintenance to reduce downtime.
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 BENEFITS FROM ASSET OPTIMIZATION
– Automatic Monitoring of Maintenance Conditions:
• Real-time monitoring and alarming of
– Asset Key Performance Indicators
– Facilitate fast
– Reliable implementation of corrective actions
– Plant-Wide Adoption of Predictive and Proactive Maintenance
Strategies:
• AO
– Collects, aggregates, and analyzes real-time plant asset information to provide
– Advanced warning of degrading performance
– Impending failure, a critical component of any reliability centered maintenance (RCM)
strategy.
– Consistent Reporting of Plant Asset Health:
• Visualization of current health conditions with Analysis features provides the
ability to drill down to the root cause of failure.
– Regulatory Compliance:
• With integration of the Device Management System (DMS) software

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 Technology Management in E&P:-

▪ Seismic Technology
▪ Horizontal and Multilateral Wells
▪ Subsea Completions
▪ Smart Well Technology
▪ Subsurface Equipment/Artificial Lift
▪ Surface Production Facilities
▪ Reservoir-Surface Integration Modeling
▪ Knowledge Management
Introduction

With decreasing profit margins due to decreasing rate of easy oil

findings, higher exploration and development costs, smaller
discovery sizes on average, stringent environmental laws - the oil
and gas industry has to look at technology as a way to improve
profitability.

As the industry goes into deeper waters to search for oil and gas it is
encountering yet another technological challenge –

the challenge of drilling wells and developing fields in hostile deep

water environments.

As a result, new technologies is coming to the fore-front.

 SURFACE PRODUCTION FACILITIES

WELL HEAD AND X-MASS TREE CHOKE AND VALVE MANIFOLD

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 SURFACE PRODUCTION FACILITIES

HORIZONTAL
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– 452)
10
 SURFACE PRODUCTION FACILITIES

HEATER TREATER

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 SURFACE FACILITIES

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Artificial Lift
When oil or gas is being produced the reservoir pressure reduces.
At a certain point in time it can happen that the pressure in the reservoir becomes too
low for production and artificial lift is required.
Artificial-lift methods fall into two groups:
(i) those that use pumps (Beam Pumping, ESPs, Subsurface Hydraulic Pumps)
(ii) those that use gas
Beam Pumps/ Sucker Rod Pumps:
• Borrowed from the water-well industry.
• Pumping a well with sucker rod system requires a surface pumping unit which
alternately raises & lowers a steel sucker rod string which in turn , operate a sub
surface pump.
• The pumping unit is operated by the prime mover.
• This may be a gas engine (using natural gas/gasoline/diesel/LPG) or an electric
motor.
• Natural gas can be taken directly from the well.
Gas Lift
• Energy is transmitted to the bottom of a well in the form of compressed gas.
• Natural gas is injected into the annulus ( Gap between tubing – casing).
• The tubing is fitted with gas lift valves which allows ( by opening) the compressed
gas into the reservoir.
 ARTIFICIAL LIFTS

SUCKER ROD PUMPS ELECTRICAL SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS

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 ARTIFICIAL LIFTS

GAS LIFT PLUNGER LIFT

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 RESERVOIR SURFACE
MODELLING

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Sub Sea Completions
 OFFSHORE DRILLING AND
PRODUCTION

Varieties Of Offshore Production

10-Mar-21
Platforms
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– 452)
 SUBSEA WELL COMPLETIONS
• The producing well does not include a vertical conduit from the wellhead back to a fixed
access structure.
• It consists of
– A Production Tree To Which A Flow Line Is Connected Allowing Production To
Another Structure
– A Floating Production Vessel
– A Shore-based Facility
• Production Tree:
– Vertical Trees And Horizontal Trees
– Mode Of Operation (Electric Versus Hydraulic)
– The Number And Types Of Penetrations Through The Tree To Control Subsurface
Equipment And Hydrocarbon Production
• Upper Completion:
– Production tubing from the tree to the subsurface safety valve (SSSV)
– Production tubing down to the production packer installed in the production casing
• Lower Completion:
– A gravel-pack packer
– Sand control screens
20
– A lower sump packer all connected together by production tubing
• The evolution of Sub sea-well completions has attracted a lot of attention
because they offer a means of producing field extremities not reachable by
directional drilling from existing platforms.
• They also offer production options where field economics do not justify the
installation of one or more additional platforms.
• Sub sea completion well consists of a wellhead and production equipment
such as Christmas tree or gas lift on the bottom of the ocean.
• The subsea well is produced through underwater flow lines to a central
floating Production, Storage, and offloading vessel for processing.
• The floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO) vessel is a converted
tanker, a semisubmersible or a specially built ship that contains separation &
treating facility.
• It can be kept on position by an anchoring system or by dynamic positioning.
• The treated oil is then transferred from FPSO to a shuttle tanker to be
brought ashore.
• Ultra deep water wells are done with sub sea completions.
• Remote portions of an offshore field, smaller field & marginal field () that are
not economically by themselves can be developed by subsea completion
well.
• During the past four decades, sub sea well-completions technology has
grown from untested engineering theory to viable, field-proven equipment
and techniques that are accepted by the petroleum industry and the
governments of producing countries.
 Deepwater : Changing Definitions
• PETROBRAS:400-1000M – Deepwater
Beyond 1000 M - Ultra deep
• Shell : Beyond 500 M - Deepwater
• INDIA ( NELP) Beyond 400 M - Deepwater
• Latest Definition:-
500-1500 M - Deepwater
1500-2500 M- Ultra deep water
Beyond 2500 M -Super deep
water

How much depth is considered deep-water? Definition has changed with time
22
• The sub sea completions is will play a key role in helping manage risk in
future deepwater-field development.
• Since about 60% of the cost of a sub sea development is built into the well
cost, they can be scaled up or down quickly. Therefore, they offer operators
a way of managing their costs in new fields where reservoir performance,
production rates, and size are unknown.
• Sub Sea Completion is thus, named this the 'inchworm' philosophy.
• Operators now a days progress slowly by drilling and completing only a
few wells initially in a new deepwater field. Next, they place them on
production using sub sea completions and tiebacks to existing
infrastructure in order to establish an early-production revenue stream.
Once the size of the reservoir and other important performance parameters
are determined, the operator can then expand to the level of development
that is deemed appropriate.
• Looking to the future of subsea completions means looking back at the
technology that has been proven during the past four decades and then
finding better, more cost-effective ways of applying this technology to solve
new, more complex challenges.
• The greater emphasis on using subsea completions has been to produce
marginal fields to existing platforms.
The Future
As indicated earlier, it took several decades for the industry' to
endorse the concept of drilling horizontal and high-angle wells.

Producers had to be convinced that the two- or threefold cost increase

of horizontally drilled wells would be justified.

Once producers got a taste of the 15- to 20-fold production increases,

they wholeheartedly jumped on the bandwagon

This initial growth of horizontal drilling has been quite rapid and now
represents about 10 to 15% of all drilling activity.

The future growth of horizontal wells depends on how the industry

handles the next rounds of technological advancement.

It seems that the future of multilateral technology will follow that same
course.