SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

Level 1:

Que.1 If a refrigerator with Co-efficient of Performance 2, what will be the efficiency of the
engine working between the same temperature reservoir as of refrigerator? (Consider both the
device as reversible)

a.) 50% b.) 33.33% c.) 60% d.) 66.66%

Answer: b.)

Que.2 According to Kelvin-Planck’s statement, which the following statement is true?

a.) COP of the refrigerator cannot be 0.

b.) COP of the refrigerator cannot be infinity.
c.) Efficiency of the engine cannot be 100%.
d.) Efficiency of the engine cannot be 0%.

Answer: c.)

Que.3 A system undergoes a reversible adiabatic process A, taking it from an initial state 1 to
a final state 2. It can also experience the same state change from I to F in an irreversible
adiabatic process B. If QA and QB are the heat input in the two processes, then

a.) QA < QB b.) QA > QB c.) QA = QB d.) Any of the above

Answer: d.)

Que.4 A reversible process is performed so that after the process,

a.) the system factors responsible for irreversibility may be restored to their initial states.
b.) the surrounding conditions may be restored to their initial states.
c.) the system factors responsible for irreversibility and the surrounding conditions may be
restored to their initial states.
d.) Either a) or b)
Answer: c.)
Que.5 Which of the following is not an example of an irreversible process?

a.) Free Expansion b.) Mixing process c.) Heat transfer through a finite temperature
difference d.) The motion of solids on a frictionless surface

Answer: d.)

Que.6 The COP of a refrigerator consumes 50 kW of energy and rejects 150 kW to the
atmosphere will be ________.
a.) 0.33 b.) 2 c.) 3 d.) 4
Answer: d.)

Que.7

Que.8 The slope of the isobaric process on the T-s diagram is ______ than the isochoric
process
a.) more b.) less c.) equal d.) any of the given

Answer: b.)

Common data for Que.9 to Que.11

Two reversible heat engines work between three thermal reservoirs at temperatures T 1, T2 and

T3 respectively. Engine A receives heat from the reservoir at temperature T 1 and rejects heat

to the reservoir at temperature T2 Engine B receive heat from the reservoir at temperature T 2

and rejects heat to the reservoir at temperature T 3 Assume that the heat rejected by engine A

is equal to the heat input to engine B All temperatures are in Kelvin.

Que.9 If the work delivered of engines A and B are the same, the reservoir temperature T 2
can be expressed as

T 1 +T 3
a.) T 2=√ 2T 1 T 3 b.) T 2=√ T 1 T 3 c.) T 2= d.) T 2=T 1−T 3
2

Answer: c.)

Que.10 If the efficiencies of engines A and B are the same, the reservoir temperature T 2 can
be expressed as

T 1 +T 3
a.) T 2=√ 2T 1 T 3 b.) T 2=√ T 1 T 3 c.) T 2= d.) T 2=T 1−T 3
2

Answer: b.)

Que. 11 The combined efficiency of such a setup can be expressed as

η1 + η2 η1−η2
a.) η= b.) η= c.) η=η1 +η2 +η1 η2 d.) η=η1 +η2−η1 η2
2 2

Answer: d.)

Que.12 PMM2 violates ___________

a.) First law of thermodynamics b.) Kelvin Planck’s statement c.) Clausius
Statement d.) Both b and c

Answer: b.)
Que.13 During winters a house that was by electrical heater consumed 1400 kWh of
electrical energy per month. If instead the house were heated by a heat pump which has a
COP of 3, then determine the amount of savings in the electricity bill of the house. Assume
the price of electricity is ₹7.6/kWh.

a.) ₹608 b.) 5092 c.) ₹6080 d.) 5082

Answer: c.)

Que. 14 There is a heat pump operating in a cycle and extracting heat from a cold reservoir
and supplying the same amount of energy to the hot reservoir, then which of the following
statement is true?

a.) Violation of first law but not the second law b.) Violation of both first and second law

c.) Violation of second law but not the first law d.) No violation of first and second law

Answer: c.)

Que.15 A manufacturer claims that his engine can produce 600kJ of work while rejecting the
‘x’ kJ heat to a heat sink at 300K and heat source at 600K. Find the minimum possible value
of x.

a.) 750 b.) 600 c.) 450 d.) 300

Answer: b.)

Que.16
Que. 17 A car engine consumes fuel at a rate of 26 L/hr and delivers 70 kW of power to the
wheels. Then determine the efficiency of the engine if the fuel has a heating value of 43000
kJ/kg and a density of 0.83 g/cm3.

a.) 21.75% b.) 32.47% c.) 37.16% d.) 27.16%

Answer: d.)

Que.18 According to Clausius statement, which the following statement is true?

a.) COP of the heat pump cannot be infinity.

b.) COP of the refrigerator cannot be infinity.
c.) Efficiency of the engine cannot be 100%.
d.) Both a and b.

Answer: d.)
Level 2:

Que.1 Which of the following is a more effective way to increase the efficiency of a Carnot
cycle with source temperature T1 and sink temperature T2?

a.) Increase T1 b.) Decrease T1 c.) Increase T2 d.) Decrease T2

Answer: d.)

Que.2 Which of the following is an example of an Isentropic process?

a.) Adiabatic system with the change in entropy of surrounding zero.

b.) Adiabatic system with the change in entropy of system zero.
c.) Isothermal process with the change in entropy of surrounding zero.
d.) Isothermal process with the change in entropy of system zero.

Answer: a.) The reversible Adiabatic process is an example of an Isentropic process

Que.3

Que.4 The net amount of work developed by a system due to heat transfer drawn from a
single reservoir is ______

a.) Violation of first law

b.) Violation of Kelvin Planck
c.) Violation of Clausius
d.) No Violation

Answer: d.) No violation, Kelvin Planck states a violation of a cyclic system with a single
reservoir. (e.g. Isothermal Process)

Que.5

Que.6 A heat engine has a solar collector which receives solar energy at an average rate of
0.2 kW/m². The collector is maintained at a constant temperature of 177°C. The heat engine
rejects heat at 27°C. For the heat engine to deliver 4 kW, the minimum area (in m²) of the
solar collector would be

a.) 50 b.) 55 c.) 60 d.) 65

Answer: c.)

Que.7

Que.8 A heat engine operates between the temperature limits of 673 K and 373 K and
produces 300 kJ of work. Heat rejected from the engine is 380 kJ while a heat pump having a
COP of 3.45 working between the same temperature limits is used as a heat engine. Then the
difference in the efficiencies of the two engines is

a.)
Que. 9 A triatomic gas is used in a reversible car engine as the working substance. If during
the adiabatic expansion part of the cycle, volume of gas increases from V to 28V, the
efficiency of the engine is ____.

a.) 42.25% b.) 57.237% c.) 66.67% d.) 70.21%

Que.10 A heat pump can use a maximum of 2 kW power for maintaining a house at 20°C
during winter. The rate of heat transfer from the roof and walls is 3000 kJ/h per degree
temperature difference between inside and outside. The coefficient of performance is 50% of
a reversible heat pump. Determine the minimum outside temperature for which the heat pump
can meet the heating requirements of the house.
Que.11

Que.12 A 2 m high 250 m2 house is maintained at 23°C by an air conditioning system whose
COP is 3.5. It is estimated that a houseful of conditioned air is discharged by the bath, kitchen
and other ventilating fans of the house. If the average outdoor temperature of the house is
38°C. Then the amount of money “vented out” by the fans in 14 hours. Assume the density of
air as 1.1 kg/m3 and the unit cost of electricity as ₹7.5/kWh.

a.) ₹59.09 b.) ₹69.09 c.) ₹79.09 d.) ₹89.09

Level 3:

Que.1 Two identical bodies of mass 5kg and specific heat of 4.28 kJ/kg.K initially at
temperatures 473 K and 100°C are used as a reservoir for a heat engine operating in a
reversible cycle at constant pressure. Then the maximum work obtained from the engine and
the optimum efficiency of the engine is

a.) 2953.815 kJ, 54.02% b.) 191.254 kJ, 15.21% c.) 2898.922 kJ, 50.33%
d.) 126.922kJ, 11.19%

Answer: d.)

Que.2 A Carnot engine operating between the thermal reservoirs at 1000 K and ambient
atmosphere at 400 K is used to drive a Carnot refrigerator which is used for cooling a space at
-15°C. The amount of heat rejected by the source of the engine is 1900 kJ and the net work
output of the combined engine and refrigerator is 290 kJ. Then determine the amount of total
heat rejected to the ambient atmosphere.

a.) 315.437 kJ b.) 289.652 kJ c.) 3154.367 kJ d.) 2896.521 kJ

Answer: c.)

Que.3 A reversible heat engine operates between a hot reservoir T H and a radiating panel at
TL. Radiation from the panel is proportional to its area and to T L4. For a given work output
and value of TH, the area of the panel will be minimum when

TL 4 TL 3 TL 7 TL 3
a.) = b.) = c.) = d.) =
TH 3 TH 4 TH 3 TH 7

Answer: b.)