Seminar Report

On

WEB 3.0
(Group Discussion and Seminar on Assigned Topic-IT 606)

Submitted to

Mr. Ajoy Kr Khan

Submitted by

Abhishek Roy( Roll No 14)

Department of Information Technology

ASSAM UNIVERSITY
SILCHAR, DORGACONA-788011
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At the very outset I take this opportunity to convey my heartfelt gratitude to those
persons whose co-operation, suggestions and support helped me to accomplish the
project successfully.

I take immense pleasure to express my sincere thanks and profound gratitude to

our respected Mr. Sudipta Roy, H.O.D. and Mr Ajoy Kr Khan , Department of
Information Technology, Assam University, Silchar for his kind co-operation and
able guidance, valuable suggestions and encouragement he rendered for
completing the Seminar topic.

I express my sincere thanks to all the faculty members of the Department of

Information Technology, for providing the encouragement and environment for the
success of my topic.

In the end, I would be failing in my duties if I do not express my heartfelt gratitude

to my family whose constant inspiration and patience have helped me to complete
this work. And last but not the least I would like to thank God for all he has given
me till today.

Abhishek Roy

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 Department of Information Technology
ASSAM UNIVERSITY
SILCHAR, DORGACONA – 788011

Date: 24-March-2011

To whom it may concern

This is to certify that Abhishek Roy (resgistration number 24401388 of 2008-09) - worked on
the seminar topic ” WEB 3.0 ” from January to May 2011 and has successfully completed the
work, in order to partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor
of Technology in Information Technology under my supervision and guidance.

Mr Ajoy Kr Khan

Deptt. of Information Technology

Assam University
Silchar, Dorgacona -788011

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 Abstract

The Semantic Web or Web 3.0 is a "web of data" that enables machines to
understand the semantics, or meaning, of information on the World Wide
Web. It extends the network of hyperlinked human-readable web pages by
inserting machine-readable metadata about pages and how they are
related to each other, enabling automated agents to access the Web more
intelligently and perform tasks on behalf of users. The term was coined
by Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web and director of
the World Wide Web Consortium, which oversees the development of
proposed Semantic Web standards. He defines the Semantic Web as "a web
of data that can be processed directly and indirectly by machines."

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 Table of Contents

Acknowledgement ……………………………………………………………………………….i

Certificate………………………………………………………………………………………..ii

Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………iii

1.0 Web 3.0 - A Brief Overview :……………………………………………………………………………….........1

1.1 . Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………..……..1

1.2 . Scope ……………………………………………………………………………………………………2

1.3. Glossary………………………………………………………………………………………………….2

2.0 Overall Description :………………………………………………………………………………………………3

2.1 Need for Web 3.0……………………………………………………………………….4

Semantic Web Enabling Technologies………………………………………..…5

2.2 Purpose………………………………………………………………………………….6

2.3 Components …………………………………………………………………………….7

2.4 Challenges ………………………………………………………………………………9

2.5 Uses of Web 3.0………………………………………………………………………...11

2.6 Web 3.0 Examples……………………………………………………………….12

2.7 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………...13

3.0 Index………………………………………………………………………………………...14

4.0 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………15

5.0 References…………………………………………………………………………………...16
1.0 Web 3.0 - A Brief Overview :

1.1. Introduction

Web 3.0 is the new generation of the World Wide Web, through which Web 2.0
technology joins hands with the Semantic Web, making it possible for humans as well as
machines to access and use the information stored in the Web. With Web 3.0, machines
will be able to perform tasks requiring human intelligence, reducing our time and effort
on the Internet dramatically.

Web 3.0, aiming at making the Internet a better, smarter network, is a precursor to the
fully semantic Web, and successor to the Web 2.0.

Web 2.0 specialized in making the net usage collaborative by allowing the people to
interact with the data and contribute their views through such things as wiki,
blogs, social networking sites, etc. Examples: Wikipedia, Blogger, Digg, Technorati,
StumbleUpon, Myspace, Facebook, Flickr, and many more.

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1.2. Scope

Web 3.0 contributes extremely to the development of the current Internet.

Companies like ZCubes, ZOHO, Google, etc., which specialize in Web 3.0, have
built applications to incorporate the semantic revolution of the Web.Its scope is
vast…

1.3. Glossary :

HTML …………Hyper Text Markup Language

WWW…………World Wide Web
W3C……………WWW consortium
XML…………….Extensible Markup Language
OWL……………..Web Ontology Language
Catastrophe….Sudden Disaster
URW3-XG ……..Uncertainty Reasoning for the World Wide Web

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2.0 Overall description :

Web 3.0 is the new generation of the World Wide Web, through which Web 2.0 technology
joins hands with the Semantic Web, making it possible for humans as well as machines to access
and use the information stored in the Web. With Web 3.0, machines will be able to perform
tasks requiring human intelligence, reducing our time and effort on the Internet dramatically.

Web 3.0, aiming at making the Internet a better, smarter network, is a precursor to the fully
semantic Web, and successor to the Web 2.0.

Web 2.0 specialized in making the net usage collaborative by allowing the people to interact
with the data and contribute their views through such things as wiki,
blogs, social networking sites, etc. Examples: Wikipedia, Blogger, Digg, Technorati,
StumbleUpon, Myspace, Facebook, Flickr, and many more.

But Web 3.0 will give Internet itself intelligence by making the machines-programs that access
data (search engine bots, etc.,) -understand what the data itself is. This will make them dig up
the best information from the Web for our needs and be able to contribute a lot better than
they do now.

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2.1 Need for Web 3.0

When we search in Google for particular information, most of what we get on the first page are
the links to websites without any information useful to us. To obtain the Website that we need,
we might have to use different keywords or go to the second or third SERP. Without using our
intelligence, we can't get the required result. Programs cannot see what people can.

Google is a dumb machine discharging its bots throughout the Web, scanning for keywords.
When it finds a keyword in any site already indexed by it, it will present the link to you. It is up to
you to decide if the site is actually useful or not. Hence, most of the time, the first search results
of Google are not what you want; they either contain technical jargon allover or advertisements,
not the specific thing you want.

With the advent of Web 3.0, this is all going to change. Web 3.0 aims to make the Internet itself
a huge database of information, accessible to machines as well as humans. When Web 3.0
becomes popular, we will have a data-driven web, enabling us unearth information faster from
the net.

You can get the machines to contribute to your needs, by searching for, organizing, and
presenting information from the Web. That means, with Web 3.0 you can be fully automated on
the Internet. Besides this, with machine intelligence, you can achieve tasks like the following very
easily: automating share transactions; checking and deleting unwanted emails; creating and
updating websites; and booking your movie tickets, airplane tickets, etc.

Web 3.0 is going to be actually the era of artificial intelligence enabled programs sprawling the
Web.

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Semantic Web Enabling Technologies

Web 3.0 technologies help create the Semantic Web by generating a worldwide database from
the data currently scattered across the Internet. We have a million data formats for even a single
simple task. This is because there are too many applications on every genre, and each of them
creates its own data format, which is hidden from the other applications. The major task of Web
3.0 technologies is to unify all these formats, and create a common, extensible format that can
understand any application data. Only when the data is not hidden from the machines, can the
machines do anything productive.

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2.2 Purpose

The main purpose of the Semantic Web is driving the evolution of the current Web by allowing
users to use it to its full potential, thus allowing them to find, share, and combine information
more easily. Humans are capable of using the Web to carry out tasks such as finding
the Irish word for "folder," reserving a library book, and searching for a low price for a DVD.
However, machines cannot accomplish all of these tasks without human direction, because web
pages are designed to be read by people, not machines. The semantic web is a vision of
information that can be interpreted by machines, so machines can perform more of the tedious
work involved in finding, combining, and acting upon information on the web.

Semantic Web application areas are experiencing intensified interest due to the rapid growth in
the use of the Web, together with the innovation and renovation of information content
technologies. The Semantic Web is regarded as an integrator across different content,
information applications and systems, it also provides mechanisms for the realisation
of Enterprise Information Systems. The rapidity of the growth experienced provides the impetus
for researchers to focus on the creation and dissemination of innovative Semantic Web
technologies, where the envisaged ’Semantic Web’ is long overdue. Often the terms ’Semantics’,
’metadata’, ’ontologies’ and ’Semantic Web’ are used inconsistently. In particular, these terms
are used as everyday terminology by researchers and practitioners, spanning a vast landscape of
different fields, technologies, concepts and application areas. Furthermore, there is confusion
with regard to the current status of the enabling technologies envisioned to realise the Semantic
Web. In a paper presented by Gerber, Barnard and Van der Merwe the Semantic Web landscape
is charted and a brief summary of related terms and enabling technologies is presented. The
architectural model proposed by Tim Berners-Lee is used as basis to present a status model that
reflects current and emerging technologies.

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2.3 Components

The semantic web comprises the standards and tools of XML, XML Schema, RDF, RDF
Schema and OWL that are organized in the Semantic Web Stack. The OWL Web Ontology
Language Overview describes the function and relationship of each of these components of the
semantic web:

 XML provides an elemental syntax for content structure within documents, yet associates no
semantics with the meaning of the content contained within. XML is not at present a
necessary component of Semantic Web technologies in most cases, as alternative syntaxes
exists, such as Turtle. Turtle is a de facto standard, but has not been through a formal
standardization process.

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 XML Schema is a language for providing and restricting the structure and content of
elements contained within XML documents.
 RDF is a simple language for expressing data models, which refer to objects ("resources")
and their relationships. An RDF-based model can be represented in XML syntax.
 RDF Schema extends RDF and is a vocabulary for describing properties and classes of RDF-
based resources, with semantics for generalized-hierarchies of such properties and classes.
 OWL adds more vocabulary for describing properties and classes: among others, relations
between classes (e.g. disjointness), cardinality (e.g. "exactly one"), equality, richer typing of
properties, characteristics of properties (e.g. symmetry), and enumerated classes.
 SPARQL is a protocol and query language for semantic web data sources.

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2.4 Challenges

Some of the challenges for the Semantic Web include vastness, vagueness, uncertainty,
inconsistency, and deceit. Automated reasoning systems will have to deal with all of these issues
in order to deliver on the promise of the Semantic Web.

 Vastness: The World Wide Web contains at least 24 billion pages as of this writing (June 13,
2010). The SNOMED CT medical terminology ontology contains 370,000 class names, and
existing technology has not yet been able to eliminate all semantically duplicated terms. Any
automated reasoning system will have to deal with truly huge inputs.
 Vagueness: These are imprecise concepts like "young" or "tall". This arises from the
vagueness of user queries, of concepts represented by content providers, of matching query
terms to provider terms and of trying to combine different knowledge bases with
overlapping but subtly different concepts. Fuzzy logic is the most common technique for
dealing with vagueness.
 Uncertainty: These are precise concepts with uncertain values. For example, a patient might
present a set of symptoms which correspond to a number of different distinct diagnoses
each with a different probability. Probabilistic reasoning techniques are generally employed
to address uncertainty.

 Inconsistency: These are logical contradictions which will inevitably arise during the
development of large ontologies, and when ontologies from separate sources are
combined. Deductive reasoningfails catastrophically when faced with inconsistency,
because "anything follows from a contradiction". Defeasible reasoning and paraconsistent
reasoning are two techniques which can be employed to deal with inconsistency.
 Deceit: This is when the producer of the information is intentionally misleading the
consumer of the information. Cryptography techniques are currently utilized to alleviate this
threat.

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This list of challenges is illustrative rather than exhaustive, and it focuses on the challenges to
the "unifying logic" and "proof" layers of the Semantic Web. The World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C) Incubator Group for Uncertainty Reasoning for the World Wide Web (URW3-
XG) final report lumps these problems together under the single heading of "uncertainty". Many
of the techniques mentioned here will require extensions to the Web Ontology Language (OWL)
for example to annotate conditional probabilities. This is an area of active research.

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2.5 Uses of Web 3.0

Web 3.0 contributes extremely to the development of the current Internet. Companies like
ZCubes, ZOHO, Google, etc., which specialize in Web 3.0, have built applications to incorporate
the semantic revolution of the Web.

The Web 3.0 enabled technologies include the online applications (or web services), which can
do virtually anything. For instance, if you go to the ZCubes website, you can create custom web
pages that can contain text, spreadsheets, live calculation scripts, music, pictures, live videos, live
websites, and much more. You can even handwrite on the page, and create your own high
quality vector drawings. All these features can be embedded on a single page by drag and drop,
and the product (a normal HTML file) can be saved on your computer or published on the Web.

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2.6 Web 3.0 Examples

When we want to search for particular information, more often than not, we get the answers
after multiple searches. However, with Web 3.0, this task will be carried out in one search itself.
Once you read some examples of Web 3.0, this will become more clear to you.

If you want to go out for a movie of a specific genre and also want to eat out after the movie.
You will type in a complex sentence and the search engine will fetch the answer for you. An
example of Web 3.0 will be "I want to go for an action movie and then eat at a good Chinese
restaurant. My options are?". You query string will be analyzed by the Web 3.0 browser, looked
up the Internet and will fetch all the possible answers and also organize the results for you.

Certain health data can also be looked up on the Internet using Web 3.0. One of the Web 3.0
examples for health search can be, a patient might want to ascertain, what is he suffering from
with the set of symptoms, he is currently facing. Like I have mentioned previously, after
assessing the query, the web browser will fetch the results. However, there is a loophole here.
The data may not be accurate, as there can be multiple diseases, which may have similar
symptoms.

These are just some of the Web 3.0 examples. It is certain, that the browser is going to have an
intelligent browsing experience and may not have to narrow down his search. Also multiple
search in a single search will reduce the browsing time for the browser, but it may bring
additional pressure on the browser.

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2.7 Conclusion

Web 3.0 is all about the backend of the Web, about creating extreme machine interfacing. When
the Web 3.0 interface becomes more popular, it will entirely change the way we access the
Internet. We humans will no longer have to do the difficult tasks of researching on the Internet
and finding the exact information. Machines will better do all these tasks. We only will need to
view the data, modify it in the way we want, and create whatever new thing we wish to create.

Very few people knew ‘Web 2.0’ existed and talks of Web 3.0 have already started. It is
the era of new age browsing using new age Internet technology. So that we understand,
Web 3.0 better we will understand, what is Web 2.0 first. Web 2.0 is associated with web
applications, which facilitate interactive information sharing, interoperability, user-
centered design and collaboration on the web, rather World Wide Web. With it almost
any site, service or technology, which promoted sharing and collaboration right down to
the Net’s grass roots. This includes blogs, tags, RSS feeds, etc. There was a debate about
the necessity of Web 2.0 and before people could assimilate Web 2.0, Web 3.0 has
already come into existence. Hence, there is also a Web 3.0 vs Web 2.0 debate and there
is guess work, about how would Web 3.0 look like.

Web 3.0 is called as "Semantic Web". It is a term coined by Tim Berners-Lee, the
inventor of World Wide Web. To simplify it further, the semantic web is going to be a
place, where machines will be able to read web pages much like humans. It is going to
be a place, where Internet search engines along with software agents will troll the Internet
and find what the user is exactly looking for. In words of Nova Spivack, "Web 3.0 is a set
of standards that turn the web into one big database". With the Web 3.0 there is going
to be intelligent search and behavioral advertising among other things.

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3.0. Index

Facebook…………………..3
Myspace…………………….3
OWL…………………………..7
RDF…………………………….7
Semantic Web…………..5
SPARQL…………………….8
Wikipedia………………….3
WWW………………………3
W3C………………………….10
XML………………………….7
ZOHO………………………11

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4.0. Bibliography

Web 3.0 ebook

Magazines
Articles

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5.0. References
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web
www.iiea.com/Web3.0
www.suite101.com/content/what-is-web-30-a61407
www.readwriteweb.com/.../web_30_when_web_sites_become_web_services.php
www.alistapart.com/articles/web3point0
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Peter_Campbell/Web_3.0
e-language.wikispaces.com/web3.0

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