WEB 3.

A SEMINAR REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF

THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE

OF

Bachelor of Technology
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING
OF
Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Odisha

SUBMITTED BY

SETHI NAGENDRASUNDAR NARAHARI

REGD.NO: 1901214079

KONARK INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

JATNI, BHUBANESWAR – 752050, INDIA
 Abstract

The Semantic Web or Web 3.0 is a "web of data" that enables machines to
understand the semantics, or meaning, of information on the World Wide Web. It
extends the network of hyperlinked human-readable web pages by inserting machine-
readable metadata about pages and how they are related to each other, enabling
automated agents to access the Web more intelligently and perform tasks on behalf of
users. The term was coined by Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web
and director of the World Wide Web Consortium, which oversees the development of
proposed Semantic Web standards. He defines the Semantic Web as "a web of data
that can be processed directly and indirectly by machines."
 Table of Contents
Abstract:

Web 3.0 - A Brief Overview:

Introduction
Scope
Glossary

Overall Description: Need

for Web 3.0
Semantic Web Enabling Technologies
Purpose
Components
Challenges Uses
of Web 3.0
Web 3.0 Examples
Conclusion
References
Web 3.0 A Brief Overview:

Introduction
Web 3.0 is the new generation of the World Wide Web, through which Web
2.0 technology joins hands with the Semantic Web, making it possible for humans as
well as machines to access and use the information stored in the Web, With Web 3.0,
machines will be able to perform tasks requiring human intelligence, reducing our
time and effort on the Internet dramatically.
Web 3.0, aiming at making the Internet a better, smarter network, is a precursor to the
fully semantic Web, and successor to the Web 2.0.
Web 2.0 specialized in making the net usage collaborative by allowing the people to
interact with the data and contribute their views through such things as wiki, blogs,
social networking sites, etc. Examples: Wikipedia, Blogger, Digg. Technorati,
StumbleUpon, Myspace, Facebook, Flickr, and many more.

Scope
Web 3.0 contributes extremely to the development of the current Internet. Companies
like ZCubes, ZOHO, Google, etc., which specialize in Web 3.0, have built
applications to incorporate the semantic revolution of the Web. Its scope is vast...

Glossary:
HTML -> Hyper Text Markup Language
WWW -> World Wide Web
W3C -> WWW consortium
XML -> Extensible Markup Language
OWL -> Web Ontology Language
Catastrophe -> Sudden Disaster
URW3-XG -> Uncertainty Reasoning for the World Wide Web
Overall description:
Web 3.0 is the new generation of the World Wide Web, through which Web
2.0 technology joins hands with the Semantic Web, making it possible for humans as
well as machines to access and use the information stored in the Web. With Web 3.0,
machines will be able to perform tasks requiring human intelligence, reducing our
time and effort on the Internet dramatically.

Web 3.0, aiming at making the Internet a better, smarter network, is a precursor to the
fully semantic Web, and successor to the Web 2.0.

Web 2.0 specialized in making the net usage collaborative by allowing the people to
interact with the data and contribute their views through such things as wiki, blogs,
social networking sites, etc. Examples: Wikipedia, Blogger, Digg, Technorati,
StumbleUpon, Myspace, Facebook, Flickr, and many more.

But Web 3.0 will give Internet itself intelligence by making the machines- programs
that access data (Search engine bots, etc.,)-understand what the data itself is. This will
make them dig up the best information from the Web for our needs and be able to
contribute a lot better than they do now.

Need for Web 3.0

When we search in Google for particular information, most of what we get on the first
page are the links to websites without any information useful to us. To obtain the
Website that we need, we might have to use different keywords or go to the second or
third SERP. Without using our intelligence, we can't get the required result.
Programs cannot see what people can.

Google is a dumb machine discharging its bots throughout the Web, scanning for
keywords. When it finds a keyword in any site already indexed by it, it will present the
link to you. It is up to you to decide if the site is actually useful or not. Hence, most of
the time, the first search results of Google are not what you want, they either contain
technical jargon allover or advertisements, not the specific thing you want.
With the advent of Web 3.0, this is all going to change. Web 3.0 aims to make the
Internet itself a huge database of information, accessible to machines as well as
humans. When Web 3.0 becomes popular, we will have a data-driven web, enabling us
unearth information faster from the not.

You can get the machines to contribute to your needs, by searching for, organizing,
and presenting information from the Web. That means, with Web
3.0 you can be fully automated on the Internet. Besides this, with machine
intelligence, you can achieve tasks like the following very easily automuting share
transactions, checking and deleting unwanted emails, creating and updating websites,
and booking your movie tickets, airplane tickets, etc.

Web 3.0 is going to be actually the era of artificial intelligence enabled programs
sprawling the Web.

Semantic Web Enabling Technologies

Web 3.0 technologies help create the Semantic Web by generating a worldwide
database from the data currently scattered across the Internet. We have a million data
formats for even a single simple task. This is because there are too many applications
on every genre, and each of them creates its own data format, which is hidden from
the other applications. The major task of Web 30 technologies is to unify all these
formats, and create a common, extensible format that can understand any
application data. Only when the data is not hidden from the machines, can the
machines do anything productive.

Purpose
The main purpose of the Semantic Web is driving the evolution of the current Web by
allowing users to use it to its full potential, thus allowing them to find, share, and
combine information more easily. Humans are capable of using the Web to carry out
tasks such as finding the Irish word for "folder." reserving a library book, and
searching for a low price for a DVD. However, machines cannot accomplish all of
these tasks without human direction, because web pages are designed to be read by
people, not machines. The semantic web is
a vision of information that can be interpreted by machines. so, machines can perform
more of the tedious work involved in finding, combining, and acting upon information
on the web.

Semantic Web application areas are experiencing intensified interest due to the
rapid growth in the use of the Web, together with the innovation and renovation of
information content technologies. The Semantic Web is regarded as an integrator
across different content, information applications and systems, it also provides
mechanisms for the realisation of Enterprise Information Systems. The rapidity of the
growth experienced provides the impetus for researchers to focus on the creation and
dissemination of innovative Semantic Web technologies, where the envisaged
"Semantic Web' is long overdue. Often the terms Semantics", "metadata", 'ontologies"
and "Semantic Web' are used inconsistently. In particular, these terms are used as
everyday terminology by researchers and practitioners, spanning a vast landscape of
different fields, technologies, concepts and application areas. Furthermore, there is
confusion with regard to the current status of the enabling technologies envisioned to
realize the Semantic Web. In a paper presented by Gerber, Barnard and Van der
Merwe the Semantic Web landscape is charted and a brief summary of related
terms and enabling technologies is presented. The architectural model proposed by
Tim Berners- Lee is used as basis to present a status model that reflects current and
emerging technologies.

Components
The semantic web comprises the standards and tools of XML, XML Schema, RDF,
RDF Schema and OWL that are organized in the Semantic Web Stack. The OWL
Web Ontology Language Overview describes the function and relationship of each of
these components of the semantic web:
XML provides an elemental syntax for content structure within documents, yet
associates no semantics with the meaning of the content contained within. XML is not
at present a necessary component of Semantic Web technologies in most cases, as
alternative syntaxes exist, such as Turtle. Turtle is a defector standard, but has not
been through a formal standardization process.

 XML Schema is a language for providing and restricting the structure and
content of elements contained within XML documents.

 RDF is a simple language for expressing data models, which refer to objects
("resources") and their relationships, An RDF-based model can be represented
in XML syntax.

 RDF Schema extends RDF and is a vocabulary for describing properties and
classes of RDF-based resources, with semantics for generalized-hierarchies of
such properties and classes.

 OWL adds more vocabulary for describing properties and classes among
others, relations between classes (e.g., disjointness), cardinality (e.g., "exactly
one"), equality, richer typing of properties, characteristics of properties (eg
symmetry), and enumerated classes.
  SPARQL is a protocol and query language for semantic web data sources.

Challenges

Some of the challenges for the Semantic Web include vastness, vagueness,
uncertainty, inconsistency, and deceit. Automated reasoning systems will have to deal
with all of these issues in order to deliver on the promise of the Semantic Web.

 Vastness: The World Wide Web contains at least 24 billion pages as of this
writing (June 13, 2010). The SNOMED CT medical terminology ontology
contains 370,000 class names, and existing technology has not yet been able to
eliminate all semantically duplicated terms. Any automated reasoning system
will have to deal with truly huge inputs.
 Vagueness: These are imprecise concepts like "young" or "tall". This arises
from the vagueness of user queries, of concepts represented by content
providers, of matching query terms to provider terms and of trying to combine
different knowledge bases with overlapping but subtly different concepts. Fuzzy
logic is the most common technique for dealing with vagueness.
 Uncertainty: These are precise concepts with uncertain values. For example, a
patient might present a set of symptoms which correspond to a number of
different distinct diagnoses each with a different probability. Probabilistic
reasoning techniques are generally employed to address uncertainty.
 Inconsistency: These are logical contradictions which will inevitably arise
during the development of large ontologies, and when ontologies from separate
sources are combined. Deductive reasoning fails catastrophically when faced
with inconsistency, because "anything follows from a contradiction". Defeasible
reasoning and paraconsistent reasoning are two techniques which can be
employed to deal with inconsistency.
  Deceit: This is when the producer of the information is intentionally misleading
the consumer of the information. Cryptography techniques are currently
utilized to alleviate this threat.

This list of challenges is illustrative rather than exhaustive, and it focuses on the
challenges to the "unifying logic" and "proof" layers of the Semantic Web. The World
Wide Web Consortium (WJC) Incubator Group for Uncertainty Reasoning for the
World Wide Web (URW3-XG) final report lumps these problems together under the
single heading of "uncertainty". Many of the techniques mentioned here will
require extensions to the Web Ontology Language (OWL) for example to annotate
conditional probabilities. This is an area of active research.

Uses of Web 3.0

Web 3.0 contributes extremely to the development of the current Internet. Companies
like ZCubes. ZOHO, Google, etc., which specialize in Web 3.0, have built
applications to incorporate the semantic revolution of the Web.

The Web 3.0 enabled technologies include the online applications (or web services),
which can do virtually anything. For instance, if you go to the ZCubes website, you
can create custom web pages that can contain text, spreadsheets, live calculation
scripts, music, pictures, live videos, live websites, and much more. You can even
handwrite on the page, and create your own high quality vector drawings. All these
features can be embedded on a single page by drag and drop, and the product (a
normal HTML file) can be saved on your computer or published on the Web.
Web 3.0 Examples
When we want to search for particular information, more often than not, we get the
answers after multiple searches. However, with Web 3.0, this task will be carried out
in one search itself. Once you read some examples of Web 3.0, this will become
clearer to you.

If you want to go out for a movie of a specific genre and also want to eat out after the
movie. You will type in a complex sentence and the search engine will fetch the
answer for you. An example of Web 3.0 will be "I want to go for an action movie
and then eat at a good Chinese restaurant. My options are Your query string will be
analyzed by the Web 3.0 browser, looked up the Internet and will fetch all the
possible answers and also organize the results for you, Certain health data can also
be looked up on the Internet using Web 3,0. One of the Web 3.0 examples for health
search can be, a patient might want to ascertain, what is be suffering from with the set
of symptoms, he is currently facing Like I have mentioned previously, after assessing
the query, the web browser will fetch the results. However, there is a loophole here.
The data may not be accurate, as there can be multiple diseases, which may have
similar symptoms. These are just some of the Web 3.0 examples. It is certain, that the
browser is going to have an intelligent browsing experience and may not have to
narrow down his search. Also, multiple searches in a single search will reduce the
browsing time for the browser, but it may bring additional pressure on the browser.

Conclusion
Web 3.0 is all about the backend of the Web, about creating extreme machine
interfacing. When the Web 3.0 interface becomes more popular, it will entirely change
the way we access the Internet. We humans will no longer have to do the difficult
tasks of researching on the Internet and finding the exact information. Machines will
better do all these tasks. We only will need to view the data, modify it in the way we
want, and create whatever new thing we wish to create.
Very few people knew "Web 2.0' existed and talks of Web 3.0 have already started. It
is the era of new age browsing using new age Internet technology. So that we
understand, Web 3.0 better we will understand, what is Web 2.0 first. Web 2.0 is
associated with web applications, which facilitate interactive information sharing,
interoperability, user-centered design and collaboration on the web, rather World
Wide Web. With it almost any site, service or technology, which promoted sharing
and collaboration right down to the Net's grass roots. This includes blogs, tags, RSS
feeds, etc. There was a debate about the necessity of Web 2.0 and before people could
assimilate Web 2.0, Web 3.0 has already come into existence. Hence, there is also a
Web 3.0 vs Web 2.0 debate and there is guess work, about how would Web 3.0 look
like.

Web 3.0 is called as "Semantic Web". It is a term coined by Tim Berners-Lee, the
inventor of World Wide Web. To simplify it further, the semantic web is going to be a
place, where machines will be able to read web pages much like humans. It is going to
be a place, where Internet search engines along with software agents will troll the
Internet and find what the user is exactly looking for. In words of Nova Spivack. "Web
3.0 is a set of standards that turn the web into one big database". With the Web 3.0
there is going to be intelligent search and behavioral advertising among other things.
References

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web
www.iica.com/Web3.0
www.suite101.com/content/what-is-web-30-a61407
www.readwriteweb.com/web 30_when_web_sites_become_web_services.php
www.alistapart.com/articles/web3point0
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Peter_Campbell/Web_3.0
e-language.wikispaces.com/web3.0