NAMING INORGANIC COMPOUND

I.NAMING OF IONIC COMPOUND

IONIC COMPOUNDS IS COMPOSED OF KATION AND ANION

1) NAMING OF CATION
a) Cation with only form one type of ion.
(Usually metal main group cations, IA (M+); IIA(M2+); IIIA(M3+); Ag+
The traditional and systematic name are the same .

Cations Traditional and systematic Traditional and systematic

English name Indonesian name
Group 1 (IA)
Li+ Lithium ion Ion litium
Na+ Sodium ion Ion natrium
K+ Potassium ion Ion kalium
Rb+ Rubidium ion Ion rubidium
Cs+ Cesium ion Ion sesium
Group 2 (IIA)
Be2+ Beryllium ion Ion berilium
Mg2+ Magnesium ion Ion magnesium
Ca2+ Calcium ion Ion kalsium
Sr2+ Strontium ion Ion strontium
Ba2+ Barium ion Ion barium

Group 13 (IIIA)
Al3+ Aluminium ion Ion aluminium
Ga3+ Gallium ion Ion galium
In3+ Indium ion Ion indium

b) Cation with form more than one kind of cations.

(Ususally transition metal cations)
• Traditional name: the suffix –ous is used to specify the ion with the lower charge, and
the suffix –ic is used to specify the ion with the higher charge
• Stock system : without a space, by numerical value of the charge written as a Roman
numeral in parentheses.
English name Indonesian name
Cations
Traditional Systematic (Stock) Traditional Systematic (Stock)
Cu+ Cuprous ion Copper(I) ion Ion kupro Ion tembaga(I)
Cu2+ Cupric ion Copper(II) ion Ion kupri Ion tembaga(II)
Hg22+ Mercurous ion Mercury(I) ion In merkuro Ion raksa(I)
Hg2+ Mercuric ion Mercury(II) ion Ion merkuri Ion raksa(II)
Co2+ Cobaltous ion Cobalt(II) ion Ion kobalto Ion kobalt(II)
Co3+ Cobaltic ion Cobalt(III) ion Ion kobalti Ion kobalt(III)
Cr2+ Chromous ion Chromium(II) ion Ion kromo Ion kromium(II)
Cr3+ Chromic ion Chromium(III) ion Ion kromi Ion kromium(III)
Fe2+ Ferrous ion Iron(II) ion …… ……
Fe3+ Ferric ion Iron(III) ion …… ……
Mn2+ Manganous ion Manganse(II) ion …… ……
Mn3+ Manganic ion Manganese(III) ion …… ……
Pb2+ Plumbous ion Lead(II) ion …… ……
Pb4+ Plumbic ion Lead(IV) ion …… ……
Sn2+ Stannous ion Tin(II) ion …… ……
Sn4+ Stannic ion Tin(IV) ion …… ……
c) Polyatomic cation
NH4+ : ammmonium ion (ion amonium)
PH4+ : phosponium ion (ion fosfonium)

2. NAMING OF ANION
a) The monoatomic anion is named by taking the root of element and adding –ide. Traditional
and systematic anions are the same

Anion Traditional and Traditional and

systematic English name systematic Indonesian name
C4ˉ Carbide ion Ion karbida
Si4ˉ Silicide ion Ion silisida
N3ˉ Nitride ion Ion nitrida
P3ˉ Phosphide ion Ion fosfida
As3ˉ Arsenide ion Ion arsenida
O2ˉ Oxide ion Ion oksida
S2ˉ Sulfide ion Ion sulfida
Se2ˉ Selenide ion Ion selenida
Te2ˉ Telluride ion Ion telurida
Fˉ Fluoride ion Ion fluorida
Clˉ Chloride ion Ion klorida
Brˉ Bromide ion Ion bromida
Iˉ Iodide ion Ion iodida
Hˉ Hydride ion Ion hidrida

b) The polyatomic anion contain oxygen, plus another element. It is called oxo anion or oxy
anion.
• Element form only one oxo anion, their name have the suffix –ate ( carbonate ion;
chromate ion; permanganate ion)
• Element form two oxo anions, the one with the larger number of oxygen takes the suffix
–ate, the one with the lower number of oxygen takes the suffix –ite.
• Halogens can occur as four different oxo anions. Oxo anion with the most oxygens has
the prefix per- , and the one with least oxygen has the prefix hypo- .
English Indonesian
Traditional and Alternative Traditional and Alternative
Anions
Systematic Systematic Name Systematic Systematic Name
Name Name Name Name
MnO4- Permanganate ion Tetraoxomanganate ion Ion permanganat Ion tetraoksomanganat
CO3 2-
Carbonate ion Trioxocarbonate ion Ion karbonat Ion trioksokarbonat
CrO4 2-
Chromate ion Tetraoxochromate ion Ion kromat ...........
NO2 -
Nitrite ion Dioxonitrate ion Ion nitrit ...........
NO3 -
Nitrate ion Trioxonitrate ion Ion nitrat ...........
...........
SO3 2-
Sulfite ion Trioxosulfate ion Ion sulfit
...........
SO42- Sulfate ion Tetraoxosulfate ion Ion sulfat ...........
SeO32- Selenite ion Trioxoselenate ion Ion selenit ...........
SeO42- Selenate ion Tetraoxoselenate ion Ion selenat ...........
PO33- Phosphite ion Trioxophophate ion Ion fosfit ...........
PO43- Phosphate ion Tetraoxophosphate ion Ion fosfat ...........
AsO33- Arsenite ion Trioxoarsenate ion Ion arsenit ...........
AsO4 3-
Arsenate ion Tetraoxoarsenate ion Ion arsenat ...........
SbO3 3-
Antimonite ion Trioxoantimonate ion Ion antimonit ...........
SbO4 3-
Antomonate ion Tetraoxoantimonate ion Ion antimonat ...........
-
Monooxohalate ion Ion hipohalit ...........
XO Hypohalite ion
...........
XO2 -
Halite ion Dioxohalate ion Ion halit
...........
XO3- Halat ion Trioxohalate ion Ion halat
XO4- Perhalat ion Tetraoxohalate ion Ion perhalat

Note: X= Cl; Br; I

 c) Some popular ions usually found in high school chemistry teaching such as given in the
following Table
Traditional and Traditional and
Ion systematic English systematic
names Indonesian names
CNˉ Cyanide ion Ion sianida
OHˉ Hydroxide ion Ion hidroksida
2ˉ
O2 Peroxide ion Io peroksida
SCNˉ Thiocyanate ion Ion tiosianat
CH3COOˉ Acetate ion Ion asetat
CrO42ˉ Chromate ion Ion kromat
Cr2O72ˉ Dichromate ion Ion dikromat
2ˉ
C2O4 Oxalate ion Ion oksalat
NH4+ Ammonium ion Ion amonium
+
H3 O Hydronium ion Io hidronium

d) Some ions formed by combination of anions with hydrogen ion

Combined Anion Traditional and Traditional and
Ion with formed systematic English systematic
names Indonesian names
2ˉ +
S 1H HSˉ Bisulfide ion Ion bisulfida
or Atau
Hydrogen sulfide ion Ion hidrogen sulfida
2ˉ +
CO3 1 H HCO3ˉ bicarbonate ion Ion bikarbonat
or atau
Hydrogen carbonate ion Ion hidrogen karbonat
SO42ˉ 1 H+ HSO4ˉ Bisulfate ion Ion bisulfat
or atau
Hydrogen sulfate ion Ion hidrogen sulfat
PO43ˉ 1 H+ HPO42ˉ Hydrogen phosphate ion Ion hidrogen fosfat
2 H+ H2PO4ˉ Dihydrogen phosphate Ion dihidrogen fosfat
ion

3. WRITING FORMULA OF IONIC COMPOUNDS

Formula of ionic compounds are written by writing formula of cation with subscript indicates the
number of cation followed, without space, formula of anion with subscript indicates the
number of anion.
Subscripts are required for balancing the charge of the ions to get neutral ionic compounds.

Two things you have to remember:

(1) in the formula of ionic compounds, formula of anion(s) is written after formula of cation(s).
(2) two or more polyatomic ions are always given in parenthesis

Some examples are given in the following Table.

Ionic Ionic
Cation Anion compounds Cation Anion compounds
formed formed
Na+ Clˉ NaCl Mg2+ Clˉ MgCl2
+ 2ˉ
Na S Na2S Mg2+ S2ˉ MgS
Na+ N3ˉ Na3N Mg2+ N3ˉ Mg3N2
2+
Ca NO3ˉ Ca(NO3)2 Mg2+ NO3ˉ Mg(NO3)2
Ca2+ SO42ˉ CaSO4 NH4+ SO42ˉ (NH4)2SO4
2+ 3
Ca PO4 ˉ Ca3(PO4)2 Mg2+ PO43ˉ Mg3(PO4)2

4. NAMING IONIC COMPOUND

In naming these compounds cation is named first and the anion second.
 Traditional and Traditional and
Compound Systematic English names Systematic Indonesian
names
Mg3(PO4)2 Magnesium phosphate Magnesium fosfat
(NH4)2S Ammonium sulfide Amonium sulfida

Ionic English Name Indonesian name

Compounds Traditional Systematic Traditional Systematic
Fe(NO3)2 Ferrous nitrate Iron(II) nitrate Fero nitrat Besi(II) nitrat
Fe2(SO3)3 Ferric sulfite Iron(III) sulfite Ferri sulfit Besi(III) sulfit
Cu(HCO3)2 Cupric Copper(II) Cupri Tembaga(II)
bicarbonate bicarbonate bikarbonat bikarbonat

II. NAMING OF MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS

1. BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUND
2. ACID COMPOUND
3. SALT AND ACID SALT COMPOUND

1. BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUND

The simplest molecular compounds are binary molecular compounds or binary covalent compounds.
Binary molecular compounds are formed between two nonmetallic elements.
Binary molecular compounds are named by assuming that one of the two nonmetallic elements in
the molecule is more cation like and the other nonmetallic element is more anion like.
Elements: B Si C Sb As P N H Te Se S I Br Cl O F

Group: 13 14 15 1 16 17 16 17
Example:
Compound whose molecule contains three fluorine atoms and one nitrogen atom is written NF3 not
F3N

Systematic naming of binary molecular compounds use the following rules:

• The first element in the formula is named first, using the full element name
• The second element is named as if it were an anion
• Prefix is used to denote the number of atoms present. The final “o” or “a” of the prefix are
often dropped when element’s name begin with a vowel.
Example : N2O4 is called dinitrogen tetroxide, not dinitrogen tetraoxide
 The prefix mono- is never used for naming the first element.
Example CO is called carbon monoxide, not monocarbon monoxide

Table Some molecular compounds of nitrogen with their name

Molecular English Name Indonesian name
Compounds
Systematic Common Systematic

N2O Dinitrogen monoxide Nitrous oxide Dinitrogen monoksida

NO Nitrogen monoxide Nitric oxide Nitrogen monoksida
NO2 Nitrogen dioxide - Nitrogen dioksida
N2O3 Dinitrogen trioxide - Dinitrogen trioksida
N2O4 Dinitrogen tetroxide - Dinitrogen tetroksida
N2O5 Dinitrogen pentoxide - Dinitrogen pentoksida

2. ACID
Acid is a substance when dissolved in water yields one or more H+ ions and anions.
Dissolve in water
HCl(g) H+(aq) + Cl- (aq)
The H+ ion (proton) produced reacts with water to yield hydronium ions, H3O+
H+(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) .
Monoprotic and polyprotic acids

When the acid is able to release only one H+ ion, it is called a monoprotic acid.
Examples: HCl, HNO3, and HClO4.
When the acid is able to release two H+ ions, it is called a diprotic acid.
Examples: H2SO4 and H2CO3.
When the acid is able to release three H+ ions, it is called a triprotic acid.
Example: H3PO4
In general acids able to release more than one H+ ions are called polyprotic acids.

NAMING ACID COMPOUND

The rules for naming acids depend on whether or not the anion contains oxygen.
1. If the anion does not contain oxygen, the acid is named with the prefix hydro- and the suffix –ic.
Anion Molecular compound Name of acid formed when molecular
formed when anion compound dissolves in water
+
combined with H
English Indonesian
Fˉ HF Hydrofluoric acid Asam fluorida
Clˉ HCl Hydrochloric acid Asam klorida
Brˉ HBr Hydrobromic acid Asam bromida
Iˉ HI Hydroiodic acid Asam iodida
CNˉ HCN Hydrocyanic acid Asam sianida
S2ˉ H2S Hydrosulfuric acid Asam sulfida

2. When the anion contains oxygen, the acid name is formed from the root name of the anion with a
suffix of –ic or –ous, depending on the name of the anion.
• If the anion name ends in –ite, the –ite is replaced by –ous.
• If the anion name ends in –ate, the –ate is replaced by –ic

Molecular Name of oxo acid formed when molecular

Anion compound compound dissolves in water
formed
English Indonesian
2ˉ
CO3 H2CO3 Carbonic acid Asam karbonat
NO2ˉ HNO2 Nitrous acid Asam nitrit
NO3ˉ HNO3 Nitric acid Asam nitrat
PO43ˉ H3PO4 Phosphoric acid Asam fosfat
SO32ˉ H2SO3 Sulfurous acid Asam sulfit
SO42ˉ H2SO4 Sulfuric acid Asam sulfat
ClOˉ HClO Hypochlorous acid Asam hipoklorit
ClO2ˉ HClO2 Chlorous acid Asam klorit
ClO3ˉ HClO3 Chloric acid Asam klorat
ClO4ˉ HClO4 Perchloric acid Asam perklorat

EXERCISE

1. Given some cations: Mg2+; Fe2+; Ca2+. The systematic name of these cations are …
a. magnesium ion; iron ion; calcium ion d. magnesium ion; iron ion; calcium(II) ion
b. magnesium(II) ion; iron ion; calcium ion e. magnesium(II) ion; iron(II) ion; calcium(II) ion
c. magnesium ion; iron(II) ion; calcium ion
2. Given some anions: S2- ; CℓO2- ; SO32-
a. sulfur ion; chlorite ion; sulfite ion d. sulfide ion; chlorite ion; sulfite ion
b. sulfide ion; chlorate ion; sulfite ion e. sulfite ion; chlorite ion; sulfate ion
c. sulfate ion; chlorate ion; sulfite ion
3. Given HS- ; HCO3- ; HPO32-. The name of these anions are .....
a. bisulfide; bicarbonite; biphosphite
b. bisufide; bicarbonate; biphophite
c. bisulfide; bicarbonate; biphosphite
d. bisulfide ion; bicarbonite ion; hydrogen phosphite ion
e. bisulfide ion; bicarbonate ion; hydrogen phosphite ion

4. Terdapat beberapa kation dan anion : K+; Mg2+; Fe3+; NO3-; SO32-‘ dan PO43-.
Jika kation dan anion tersebut membentuk senyawa ion, rumus senyawa yang dapat terjadi
adalah:
a. K3NO3; Mg2NO3; FeSO3 d. MgSO3; K4PO4; Fe(NO3)2
b. K2SO3; Mg4PO4; FePO4 e. Mg(NO3)2; K3PO4; Fe(NO3)3
c. KNO3; MgSO3; Fe3(PO4)3
5. Look at the reaction Pb(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 → PbSO4 + NaNO3
The type of the reaction above is …..
a. combination reaction d. displacement reaction
b. decomposition reaction e. doble displacement reaction
c. combustion reaction
6. Terdapat senyawa ionik : ferro fosfat dan kupri nitrit. Rumus kimia dari senyawa tersebut adalah
....
a. Fe2(PO4)3 dan Cu(NO2)2 d. Fe2(PO4)3 dan CuNO3
b. Fe3(PO4)2 dan Cu(NO3)2 e. Fe3(PO4)2 dan Cu(NO2)2
c. FePO4 dan CuNO2
7. Look at the table below
Number Ionic compound Traditional name Systematic name
formula
1 CuO Cupri oxide Copper(II) oxide
2 SnBr2 Stanni bromide Tin(II) bromide
3 Cr2O3 Chromi oxide Chrom(III) oxde
4 CaO Calcium oxide Calcium(II) oxide
The ionic compound formula with the right name is shown at number….
a. 1,2 and 3 d. 4 only
b. 1 and 3 e. 1,2,3 and 4
c. 2 and 4
8. Look at the table of molecular compound below
Number molecular compound Systematic name
formula
1 N2O3 dinitrogen triokside
2 CO carbon monooxide
3 PCℓ5 phosphorus pentachloride
4 NO2 mononitrogen dioxide
The molecular compound formula with the right name is shown at number….
a. 1,2 and 3 d. 4 only
b. 1 and 3 e. 1,2,3 and 4
c. 2 and 4
9. The name of HNO3 and H2S are ….
a.nitric acid and hydrosulfide acid
b. hydronitric acid and hydrosulfuric acid
c. hydronitric acid and dihydrosulfide acid
d. nitric acid and dihydrosulfide acid
e. hydronitric acid and hydrosulfuric acid