Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Structural stability
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Roberto Crocetti (R C)
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Per Johan Gustafson (P J G)
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Kent Persson (K P)
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Per‐Erik Austrell (P E A)
Course schedule
Day Time Lecture Teacher
23/1 15‐17 (*) Introduction ‐ General issues concerning buckling (local R C
and global buckling, etc.)
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30/1 15‐17 (*) II and III order theories P E A
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Energy concept R C
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6/2 15‐17 (*) Stability of spring‐bar system RC
13/2 15‐17 (*) Column buckling: General equation, Statical and Energy R C
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approaches
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20/2 Column Buckling: Column with varying cross sections, RC
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Column in Winkler soil, etc
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• Theory of Elastic Stability, 2nd Edition, by S.P. Timoshenko and J.M.
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Gere, McGraw Hill, 1961.
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• Structural Stability of Steel, by Galambos et al, 2008
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• Knäckning, O. Pettersson ur
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• Handouts from the teachers
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A little bit of history
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Pieter van Musschenbroek (1692 – 1761)
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• Experiments on column
buckling 1729
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proportional to 1/L2
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Münchenstein rail disaster
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• 14 June 1891
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• over seventy fatalities
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Ludwig von Tetmajer (1850‐1905)
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Tetmajer’s design curve
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Björn Åkesson’s books
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Quebec bridge
Roadway and railway bridge across the lower Saint Lawrence river to the west
of Quebec City and Lévis, Quebec, Canada.
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Proposed cantilever bridge
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It should have been the longest bridge for railway traffic in
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the world
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Background
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• The works started in 1904
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• First collapse in 1907 (75 fatalities!)
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• A second new bridge started to be constructed in 1909
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• Second collapse: September 1916 (central span collapsed during
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erection, 13 fatalities)
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• Completion of the bridge: September 1917
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• Bridge still in service
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Construction
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The south cantilever arm and the first
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three panels of the suspended span ‐
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just before the collapse (late summer
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1907)
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What went wrong?
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What is the critical load for a built‐up member?
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1 Ad the total area of four L‐flanges in one panel
Pcr (the diagonals) – two at the top and two at the
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bottom – where each diagonal is L 100x75x9.5
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Pcr E Ad a b 2 mm3 having cross‐ section of 1613 mm2
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Pcr 316.6 MN
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1 1.97 3
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Buckling problems have also occurred with
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timber structures
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Sandö bridge
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Sandö bridge
(roadway bridge över Ångermanälven)
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…however
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• …in order to create as little disturbance as possible to the ship traffic
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during construction, a new erection method was adopted
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• The falsework, a timber arch construction with span of ≈250m was
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constructed on the shore and then shipped to the building place
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Proposed bridge construction method
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The longest concrete arch bridge of the world, at the time
of construction (1939). Span length: 247,5 m
(during shipping, a tension tie was used to take the horizontal trust)
Background
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• The works started in April 1938
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• Collapse of the timber falsework in 31 August 1939
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• The timber falsework failed during concreting
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• 18 fatalities
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Cross section of the falsework arch
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Investigations (1960’s)
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Hjalmar Granholm, Chalmers, found that the bending stiffness of the
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arch in the out‐of‐plane direction was only 13% of the bending stiffness
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of a similar arch with full composite action
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Buckling types
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• Local buckling
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• Global buckling
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st Local buckling
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Examples of local buckling
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Flange buckling
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Shear buckling
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Web buckling
due to patch loading
(kistaraset)
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Global Buckling
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Global Buckling
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Shell buckling
buckling caused by a
combination of:
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• axial compression from
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the overturning moment
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generated by an
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earthquake
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• axisymmetric hoop
tension generated by the
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hydrostatic internal
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• in-plane shear generated
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by earthquake motion