KABANATA 1

ANG SULIRANIN AT KALIGIRAN NITO

Panimula

One of the main problems the school administrators and teachers

always face when it comes to education is the persistent absence of some

learners in their classes. Absenteeism is the frequent absence of a learner in

his class. This leads to missed lessons, quizzes and activities which later on

result to having low grades or even failure in passing the subject.

Physical, social, psychological aspects are the common roots of

learners’ absence. Sickness which causes a person’s inability to physically

attend classes is one of the most common reason of a learner’s absence.

Social issues such as poverty, drug and alcohol abuse, bullying and

discrimination can greatly affect one’s motivation to attend classes. And

psychosocial aspects can appear rarely as a root of absence but affects a

learner’s performance critically.

But with the reasons stated above, a learner’s attendance to classes

plays a role not just on his opportunity learn and gather scores but also in the

computation of the learner’s grade. That is why it is important that the

attendance of the learners should be tracked accurately. And in the face of

the current pandemic, and the continuous integration of technology to

produce reports faster, attendance-keeping should be done in a immediate

but accurate method.

Kaligiran ng Pag-aaral

The continuous innovation of technology in education paves the way to

a fun and immersive learning experience for the learners. From calculation of

mathematical problems, creating reports and presentations, and the utilization

of Smart TVs to deliver lessons. For teachers, this makes the record-keeping

and assessment much easier and faster. Some applications can provide real-

time result and statistics which enables teachers to immediately identify what

competency the learner should improve on. Aside from assessment, teachers

can now record attendance of learners. Whether on regular classes or school

functions.

Teoretikal na Balangkas

This study is supported by the theory of David Romer. Solow Effect

Theory assumes that one of the major determinants of institutional

performance is school attendance. According to Orazem and Gunnarsson

(2003), the Solow Effect shows the relationship between school attendance,

academic performance and social productivity. According to Rana et al.

(2015), academic achievement is measured by the number of school years

and the intellectual performance registered. School access and regular

attendance, satisfactory progress and completion are variables that make

significant impact on educational achievement (Thapa, 2013).

The Solow Effect Theory was chosen for this study because it

mentions that school access and attendance are one of the key variables that

affect academic performance. Compliance and completion of such

requirements together with other essential variables will result in positive

educational achievement.

Konseptwal na Balangkas
 The figure above presents the way to determine the accuracy and

efficiency of the Automated QR Code System for Attendance-keeping.

The existing Automated QR Code System will be tested to a few

respondents, to which later on will be surveyed for their feedback. The

results of testing and survey will determine the system’s effectivity and

accuracy.

Paglalahad ng Suliranin

Attendance-keeping is important to keep track of the learners’

appearance and performance in the school. This is efficient in providing the

learners the accurate number of resources and services. And in keeping track
of numbers during safety-related activities. But with the current innovation of

technology to various field and professions, the traditional way of listing is not

that efficient. There is a high possibility of data destruction due to vulnerable

in water and heat. There is also a possibility of data tampering because

written records can be easily manipulated. Data entered in an online file can

be easily retrieved in case of loss. A more efficient and strategic way of

obtaining attendance should be formed.

This research aims to find the answer to the following questions:

• How efficient is the created Attendance-keeping System in

the current classroom set-up?

• How accurate is the Attendance-keeping System in

providing results?

• In what ways can the Automated QR Code System be

improved?

Kahalagahan ng Pag-aaral

Specifically, the study will be beneficial to the following:

Sa mga mag-aaral ng ICT. The results from this research can inspire them in

producing more ideas and incorporate their knowledge in ICT to help the

campus.

Sa mga Guro. The conclusion of this study can make their work more

efficient and accurate.

Sa mga Mananaliksik. The results of this research can give them an

opportunity to acquire the knowledge they have gathered in this study in

pursuing the field of IT.

Sa mga susunod pang Mananaliksik. The results and gaps of this research

can be utilized as reference and a breakthrough point in pursuing related

studies and researches.

Saklaw at Limitasyon ng Pag-aaral

This research will be studying the accuracy and efficiency of the

Automated QR Code System. The research respondents will be composed of

ten random learners of the Information and Communications Technology

Strand regardless of age and gender. This will be held through online

communications and testing and surveying proper will be done in the home of

the selected respondents.

Kahulugan ng mga Terminolohiya

Attendance-keeping. The process of keeping track of a learner’s

presence in class.

Accuracy. Degree of conformity of a measure to a standard or a true values.

QR Code. A type of matrix bar code. A machine-readable optical label that

contains information about and item.

KABANATA 2

MGA KAUGNAY NA LITERATURA AT PAG-AARAL

Mga Lokal na Literatura at Pag-aaral

According to Arslan, Balkis, and Duru (2016), the variables taken into
consideration in this study were examined separately by previous studies.

Correspondingly, it may prevent a clear picture of role of these variables in

the student absenteeism. This study provides a clear picture about role of

these variables in the student absenteeism by taking all variables in single

study. The findings of this study contribute to the growing body of literature

suggesting that improving students’ academic self-perception, attitudes

towards teacher and school, motivation/self-regulation, and goal valuation

contribute students’ attendance and academic achievement. This study also

provides some important findings for both psychological counselors and

educators. Psychological counselors and educators can use finding of this

study to develop intervention programs for helping students who suffer from

school absenteeism.

According to Durak, Ozkeskin, and Ataizi (2016), Technological

advances brought applications of innovations to education. Conventional

education increasingly flourishes with new technologies accompanied by

more learner active environments. In this continuum, there are learners

preferring self-learning. Traditional learning materials yield attractive,

motivating and technologically enhanced learning materials. The QR (Quick

Response) Codes are one of these innovations. The aim of this study is to

redesign a lesson unit supported with QR Codes and to get the learner views

about the redesigned material. For this purpose, the redesigned lesson unit

was delivered to 15 learners in Balıkesir University in the academic year of

2013-2014. The learners were asked to study the material. The learners who
had smart phones and Internet access were chosen for the study. To provide

sectional diversity, three groups were created. The group learners were from

Faculty of Education, Faculty of Science and Literature and Faculty of

Engineering. After the semi-structured interviews were held, the learners were

asked about their pre-knowledge about QR Codes, QR Codes’ contribution to

learning, difficulties with using QR Codes about and design issues.

Descriptive data analysis was used in the study. The findings were interpreted

on the basis of Theory of Diffusion of Innovations and Theory of Uses and

Gratifications. After the research, the themes found were awareness of QR

Code, types of QR Codes and applications, contributions to learning, and

proliferation of QR Codes. Generally, the learners participating in the study

reported that they were aware of QR Codes; that they could use the QR

Codes; and that using QR Codes in education was useful. They also

expressed that such features as visual elements, attractiveness and direct

routing had positive impact on learning. In addition, they generally mentioned

that they did not have any difficulty using QR Codes; that they liked the

design; and that the content should include both superficial and in-depth

information.

According to So (2011), QR codes can be very versatile to use. The

growing use of QR codes in business sector does not equate to more use in

education. In fact, they have been slow to catch on. From our previous

research, we provided examples on how the technology can be used. In this

paper, we explore beyond the simple use of the codes and offer some
suggestions on how the technology can be used to its full potential. Some

ideas are directly extended from our previous research. They can inspire

other researchers in the area to explore.

Mga Banyagang Literatura at Pag-aaral

According to Rabu, Hussin, and Brevell (2018), the integration of Quick

Response (QR) codes in classrooms have been identified as an important

tool in promoting active as well as distributed learning, especially in higher

education. Even though the versatility of this technology within the

educational milieu cannot be over-emphasized, the initial perceptions of

students who are at the centre of QR integration are important towards

achieving the prospects of this technology in the pedagogical process,

particularly in a large classroom context. Against this backdrop, Technology

Acceptance Model and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of

Technology2 were employed as theoretical foundation to study students’

perceptions. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 200 students,

based on a purposive sampling technique with Partial Least Squares

Structural Equation Modelling employed for statistical analysis. Initial results

suggested that students had very positive attitudes towards QR code

utilization for course related activities which ultimately determined their

intentions to accept this technology. However, their positive attitude was

anchored on their perceived usefulness and easiness towards QR code which

were promoted by perceived playfulness, facilitating conditions and hedonic

motivation respectively. The social influence variable was not a predictive

factor of students’ perception towards the usefulness of QR codes. The study

provided practical examples of how QR codes can be integrated in teaching

and also recommended future experimental research into QR code

effectiveness as well as instructor acceptance if the technology is to be

integrated on a wider national scale.

Sintesis

According to Ali, Santos, and Areepattamannil (2017), Quick Response

(QR) codes have been discussed in the literature as adding value to teaching

and learning. Despite their potential in education, more research is needed to

inform practice and advance knowledge in this field. This paper investigated

the integration of the QR code in classroom activities and the perceptions of

the integration by pre-service teachers. Forty-four pre-service teachers

enrolled in an undergraduate degree at a higher education institution in the

United Arab Emirates took part in the study. Data were collected from a

questionnaire, student journals and focus group interviews to enable

triangulation. The main results suggested that the pre-service teachers

perceived the use of QR codes to be easy and useful in learning activities.

They also demonstrated positive attitudes towards the QR codes and stated

the intention to use this application in their future career. The study provided

practical examples of how QR codes can be integrated in teaching. It also

revealed certain challenges that could hinder effective integration of QR code

applications in the classroom. Recommendations for practice and future

research are discussed.

KABANATA 3
 METODOLOHIYA NG PAG-AARAL

This chapter consists of various parts that will determine the results of

this research. This chapter features the research design, the determination of

the respondents of the students, the instrument that will be used, and how the

data will be treated statistically.

Disenyo ng Pananaliksik

This study will be utilizing the experimental - developmental research

design. The experimental research is authored by Kerry Tanner in year 2018.

Experimental research is undertaken when a researcher wishes to trace

cause-and-effect relationships between defined variables. However, there are

major constraints on causal inference in experimental research, and the type

of experimental design chosen has a significant influence on the inferences

that can be validly drawn from experiment results.

Developmental research, as opposed to simple instructional

development, has been defined as "the systematic study of designing,

developing and evaluating instructional programs, processes, and products

that must meet the criteria of internal consistency and effectiveness" (Seels &

Richey, 1994). In its simplest form, developmental research could be either:

• A situation in which someone is performing instructional design,

 development, or evaluation activities and studying the process at the

same time.

• The study of the impact of someone else's instructional design and

development efforts.

• The study of the instructional design, development, and evaluation

process as a whole, or of particular process components.

The research is about developing an attendance-keeping system for

the school. While at the same time, experimenting for its effectivity and

improvement through conducting the research and surveying.

Instrumento ng Pananaliksik

The researchers will be using a survey questionnaire. The

questionnaire is consisted of six sections. Section one consists of the

invitation to participate and the respondents’ approval to participate. Section

two is about the system’s efficiency. Section three will be about the system’s

accuracy. Section four and five will be about the system’s improvement in

terms of its interface and audience appeal. Section six will be about their

personal ideas on how to improve the existing system.

Respondente ng Pananaliksik

The proponents randomly selected ten (10) Grade 12 learners enrolled

in the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Strand of Mamatid

Senior High School – Stand Alone. They were selected regardless of age,

academic standing, and gender. The determining factors for the selection of

the participants will be the following: A learner of Mamatid Senior High

School; a learner taking the Information and Communications Technology

Strand; and currently taking the blended or online learning modality. All

participants will be requested for their consent before participating their

confidentiality throughout the research will be protected according to existing

laws.

Istatistikal na Pagtrato sa mga Datos

The statistical treatment of data is applicable for two out of three

research questions. To determine the frequency and percentile of the results,

the following formulae will be used.

• Determining the frequency of the results

First, determine the number of classes. It can be estimated using the

rounded output of Sturges’ Rule.

Where,
 N = number of classes

n = number of items in the data set

To determine the relative frequency, it will be calculated using the

following formula:

Where,

f = absolute frequency

n = sum of all frequencies

• To determine the percentage, we will use the following formula:

Where,

a = result of negative frequency

b = quantity (number of choices/ items)

The same formula will be used in determining the results of

research question number two.

 KANABATA 4

PRESENTASYON, ANALISIS, AT INTERPRETASYON NG DATOS

Pagsusuri

This chapter explains the analysis and result of all data gathered by the

research in order to prove that the system developed by the researchers is

effective and accurate which is defined into various criteria. Also, it discusses

the tables, graphs, and illustrations of the respondents’ response to the study.

The process of data gathering is done through a survey.

A Likert scale is a rating scale, often found on survey forms, that

measures how people feel about something. An effective Likert scale include a

series of questions that you ask people to answer, and ideally 5-7 balanced

responses people can choose from. It often comes with a neutral midpoint.

(Lindsay Liedke, Feb 14, 2020)

Ratin Weighted Mean

Interpretation
g

5 4.56 -5.00 Very Satisfied

4 3.56 – 4.50 Satisfied

3 2.56 – 3.50 Fine

2 1.56 – 2.50 Dissatisfied

1 0.00 – 1.50 Very Dissatisfied

Likert Scale Interpretation

Interpretasyon

A. How efficient is the created Attendance-keeping System in the

current classroom set-up?

• EFFICIENCY
 Figure 1. EFFICIENCY

The figure above presents the tally of respondents that are

satisfied and not satisfied through a series of questions under the

category of Efficiency. In analysis, the respondents are satisfied (4.0)

that they can use the system in online learning set-up. Also, they have

responded fine (3.7) in navigating the system’s interface. Lastly, the

respondents are very satisfied (5.0) in locating the needed information

easily. Overall, the Efficiency category have reached 4.23 (Satisfied)

rating. This concludes that the researchers have successfully designed

the system to meet the efficiency the users desire.

B. How accurate is the Attendance-keeping System in providing

results?
• ACCURACY

Figure 2. Accuracy

The figure above presents the number of respondents who are

very satisfied and very dissatisfied, in the series of question under the
category of Accuracy. In analysis, the respondents are satisfied (4.0) that
the options are clearly marked and are self-explanatory. Also, are
satisfied (4.0) that all links works according to their directories. Lastly, the
respondents are satisfied (4.0) that all links are relevant. Overall, the
Accuracy category earned 4.0 rating (satisfied) which means that the
researchers have successfully designed the system according to its
purpose.

C. In what ways can the Automated QR Code System be improved?

• IMPROVEMENT (Interface & Audience Impact)

 Figure 3. Improvement (Interface)

Figure 4. Improvement (Audience Impact)

Lastly, the figures 3 and 4 presents the number of respondents

who are satisfied and dissatisfied, in the series of questions under the

category of Improvement. The respondents are satisfied (4.0) with the

colors that support the readability. Second, the respondents are also
satisfied (4.4) with the consistency of the design in all pages. Next, the

respondents are also satisfied (3.8) with the interface design that support

the contents. Lastly, the respondents are satisfied (3.9) with the relation

of the contents to each other. The Interface category for Improvement

gathers 4.025 rating.

While under the Audience Impact Category of Improvement, the

figure also shows the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of the respondents.

First, the respondents are satisfied (4.2) with the font face and style used

in the system. The respondents are also satisfied (3.6) with the media

elements in the system. Lastly, the respondents are also satisfied (3.7)

with the interface design. Overall, the Audience Impact category of the

Improvement category have gathered a rating of 3.83.

Overall, the Improvement category has a rating of 3.9275. It

means that the respondents are satisfied in the interface and have

impacted them positively.

 KABANATA 5

LAGOM, KONKLUSYON, AT REKOMENDASYON

Lagom

The summary of findings of the study are as follows:

1. How efficient is the created Attendance-keeping System in the current

classroom set-up?

1.1. ACCURACY

“utilize the system in online learning set-up”

In this statement, 8 respondents have agreed that they can utilize

the system in their current work-from-home/ online learning set-up, while

2 are fairly satisfied, giving a weighted mean of 4.0.

“navigate easily in the interface without difficulty”

In this statement, 8 respondents are satisfied that they can

navigate the system’s interface without difficulty, while 2 are dissatisfied,

giving a weighted mean of 3.7.

“locate the needed information easily”

In this statement, 3 respondents are very satisfied that they have

easily located the needed information, 5 have responded that they are

satisfied, while 2 are fairly satisfied, giving a weighted mean of 5.0.

2. How accurate is the Attendance-keeping System in providing results?

2.1. ACCURACY

“options are clearly marked and are self-explanatory”

In this statement, 2 of the respondents are very satisfied with the

options that are clearly marked and are self-explanatory, 6 respondents

are satisfied, while 2 are fairly satisfied, which gives a weighted mean of

4.0.

“all links are working according to their function”

In this statement, 8 of the respondents have given high

satisfaction rating regarding the links of the system and their functions,

while 2 are fairly satisfied, which give a weighted mean of 4.0.

“links to other sites are relevant”

In this statement, 2 of the respondents are very satisfied in the

relevant pages brought by the links, 6 respondents are satisfied, while 2

out of 10 respondents are fairly satisfied, which gives a weighted mean

of 4.0.

3. In what ways can the Automated QR Code System be improved?

3.1 IMPROVEMENT (INTERFACE)

“Colors support readability and understanding, the contents help with

navigation”

In this statement, 9 out of 10 respondents are highly satisfied with

the colors of the interface that supports readability, while 1 is dissatisfied,

giving a weighted mean of 4.0.

“interface design is consistent in all pages”

In this statement, 9 out of 10 respondents are highly satisfied with

the consistency of design in all pages of the system, while 1 respondent

is fairly satisfied, which gives a weighted mean of 4.4.

“interface design helps the user read the contents”

In this statement, 8 out of 10 respondents are highly satisfied with

the support of the interface design in content readability, 1 respondent is

fairly satisfied, while 1 respondent is dissatisfied, resulting in a weighted

mean of 3.8.

“items are related to each other, and can be easily located”

In this statement, 8 out of 10 respondents are highly satisfied with

the relation of the items in each page, while 2 respondents are

dissatisfied, which gives a weighted mean of 3.9.

3.2. IMPROVEMENT (AUDIENCE APPEAL)

“texts are readable and font size and style are appropriate”
 In this statement, 8 out of 10 respondents are highly satisfied with

the font face and style of the system, while 2 respondents are fairly

satisfied, giving a weighted mean of 4.2.

“media elements enhance the contents”

In this statement, 6 out of 10 respondents are highly satisfied with

the media elements contained in the system, 3 respondents are fairly

satisfied, while 1 respondent is dissatisfied, giving a weighted mean of

3.6.

“interface invites users to explore”

In this statement, 7 out of 10 respondents are highly satisfied with

the interface design that invites user to explore, 2 respondents are fairly

satisfied, while 1 respondent is dissatisfied, giving a weighted mean of

3.7.

Kongklusyon

The researchers therefore conclude that:

1. The accuracy of the proposed Automated QR Code System in

Attendance-keeping created by the researchers have succeeded in

designing the system and reached a rating of 4.23 (Satisfied) in the

Accuracy category. According to the respondents, the system’s accuracy

is evident in terms of its interface content and navigation. The buttons

and menu on the system send accurate response to the user’s actions.

2. The researchers also guarantee the system’s efficiency with a rating of

4.0 (Satisfied). The respondents responded that the links and navigations

in the system is clearly presented and be controlled easily. All navigating

buttons response accordingly.

3. In terms of Improvement, it gathered a combined rating of 3.94

(Satisfied) on interface and audience impact. Although already

satisfactorily, the system can be further improved by updating its pages

and increasing its features.

4. For the overall rating, along with the three categories, the efficiency

and accuracy of the Automated QR Code System in Attendance-keeping

has 4.05 which means the system is well accepted and satisfied the

respondents.

Rekomendasyon

In an ever changing world where technology and electronic

devices have conquered almost every aspect of one’s life, technological

innovations and development transcend the abilities of human work and

makes it easier and faster. In the field of education, continuous

improvement and technological integration are conducted to provide

learners with more accessible, firsthand experience, and more enjoyable

learning. To further establish its effectivity and usability, the researchers

therefore recommend the following:

1. Increase the features of the system in terms of data collection, event

history retrieval, and number of users accommodated by the system.

2. Having a more modernized and customized design fitting for the

school’s use.

3. Demonstrate the use of the system to teachers of the campus and

other neighboring schools.

4. The researchers recommend that the learners of Information and

Communications Technology further improve the appearance and

maintenance of the system and integrate it to other disciplines or

departments in whatever purpose that may deed possible.

5. Lastly, the researchers recommend to increase the capacity of the

system’s database to accommodate more number of users.

MGA SANGGUNIAN
TALATANUNGAN
CURRICULUM
VITAE