CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS SUPERIORES DE

EDUCACIÓN RURAL

“LUIS HIDALGO MONROY”

Antology
Grammar focus
Why: Pedro Martín de la Cruz Sánchez

Date: February 17, 2022

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS SUPERIORES DE EDUCACIÓN RURAL
"LUIS HIDALGO MONROY"
CLAVE 30ENL0001X

LICENCIATURA EN EDUCACIÓN PRIMARIA

THEME:

“ANTOLOGY”

TEACHER: Lic. Dayenali Lizeth Chaparro Espinosa

STUDENT'S NAME: PEDRO MARTÍN DE LA CRUZ

SÁNCHEZ

SEMESTER: 3° SEMESTRE

GROUP: B

ACECECA, TANTOYUCA. VER.

Description:
This section contains the most important
points to start learning English, the basics,
and how to use it correctly in common
situations, speaking in the English language.
 SIMPLE PRESENT
The present simple in English is the
indicated verb tense when you want to
express any of the following conditions:

1.-Makeknown permanentactions orstates

2.-Communicate actions or states that are repeated overtime
3.-Transmit routines,continuous events that are repeated on daily basis roswitha determined
periodicity.
4.-Give instructions or directions.
5.-Mention Events, commitments appointments that will occur in the future specific time and
day.

 STRUCTURE OF THE SIMPLE

PRESENT IN ITS AFFIRMATIVE MODE.
AFFIRMATIVE.
Subject + verb + complement

CONJUGATION
To use the present simple in English correctly, it is not enough to
know its structure, but it is also necessary to know what the correct
conjugation is.
 Plural Noun
Plural nouns are words used to indicate
that there is more than one person, animal,
place, thing, or idea.
 EXAMPLES

SINGULAR PLURAL
dog > dogs
For most nouns, “-s”
is added to the end cat > cats
of the sentence to
house > houses
create the plural
form. pen > pens
car > cars

 Exceptions:

Words ending in Words ending in vowel Words ending in -ss, -

consonant + y: we add + y: we add an " s " sh, -ch, and -x: we add
"ies ". " es "

SINGULAR PLURAL SINGULAR PLURAL SINGULAR PLURAL

party > parties day > days glass > glasses

 time
expressions
Time expressions help us determine in
which verb tense a sentence is written.
They are written at the end of sentences.
 Time expressions for
present continuous
time expressions in Time expressions for
present simple Today: hoy
past simple
At the moment: en el momento
Every day: todos los días Now: ahora Yesterday: ayer
Every week: cada semana Right now: ahora mismo Last week: la semana pasada
Once a week: una vez por
Last month: el mes pasado
semana Last year: el año pasado
In the morning: por la mañana Four days ago: hace cuatro días
In the afternoon: por la tarde A week ago: hace una semana
In the evening: por la tarde- A year ago: hace un año
noche Five years ago: hace cinco años
At night: por la noche The day before yesterday:
anteayer

My Goals for the New Year

Time references with Future time
the present perfect expressions:

Tonight: esta noche

For: por o durante
Tomorrow: mañana
Already: ya
Next week: la próxima semana
Yet: aún
Next Friday: el próximo viernes
Ever: alguna vez
Next month: el próximo mes
Since: desde
Next year: el próximo año

In five months: en cinco meses

In ten years: en diez años

 DEMONSTRATIVE
ONE/ONES
ONE is a pronoun
Instead, we'll use ONES when it
It is used to replace a countable name in
substitutes countable plural nouns.
the singular, avoiding unnecessary
repetition of it.
Examples with ONES:
Examples with ONE:
Two black notebooks and two red ones
A red dress and a blue one (one = a dress)
(ones = a notebooks)
A big potato and a small one (one = a
Two old backpacks and two new ones
potato) An expensive car and a cheaper
(ones = a backpacks)
one (one = a car)

with SIMPLE PRESENT/SHORT

ANSWERS
AFFIRMATIVE
Yes, Pronoun Do/Does (Aux. Verb)

NEGATIVE
No, Pronoun Do/Does (Aux. Verb)
Not Nota: Las
respuestas cortas
negativas siempre
van con contracción
 AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE

Yes , Pronoun Aux. Verb

No , Pronoun Aux. Verb Not
 Would you like..?
We use this expression to make an invitation or proposal.
We can use the same phrase to invite someone to do
something or if we want to know if our friends want to do
something in particular.

STRUCTURE:
Would you like + to + verb + complement + ?
 Short answers:
afirmative. negative

Yes, I would. No, I wouldn´t

Yes,I would like to / I´d like to. No, thanks.
Yes, I would love to. Sorry, I can´t. I´m busy.
Definitely (Por supuesto)

 ADVERBS OF
FREQUENCY
Adverb
An adverb describes an action
Un adverbio describe una acción

Adverb of frequency
Describe how often an action happens
Describir con que frecuencia ocurre una acción

 IONS WITH
ST HO
UE W

;
We use "How" with an adjective or
adverb to ask about the characteristics
of something.
When combined with other words
when asking questions, its meaning
can vary completely.

SH S
ORT E R
ANSW
 How often...? How well...?
(¿Con qué (¿Que tan
frecuencia...?) bien...?)

"Well" It is used as an adverb, which means

We use "how often?" to ask how often
that an action is being carried out in a
something is done or happens.
pleasant or acceptable way
Usamos "¿how often ...?" preguntar con
("Well" Se utiliza como adverbio, lo cual
qué
significa que una acción se está llevando a
frecuencia se hace o sucede algo.
cabo de manera placentera o aceptable)

How long...? How good...?

(¿Cuánto (¿Qué tan
tiempo...?) bueno...?)

Used to ask "how long does something "Good" is an adjective and qualifies nouns
take?" or "how long is something?" ("Good" es un adjetivo y califica
(Se usa para preguntar "¿cuánto tiempo se sustantivos)
tarda algo?" o "¿qué tan largo es algo?")

 Grammatical structure

How + Adjetiv or adverb + Auxiliary verb + Subjet + Verb + Complement + ?

How often do you play golf?

(¿Con qué frecuencia juegas
al golf?)
 Simple past
The simple past is used for sentences in which the idea, act, or state has already been
completed. To form sentences in the past simple, we must first consider the types of verbs.

Regular verbs in past time.

To conjugate regular verbs to the past tense, the ending "d or ed" is added:
"d" is added to verbs whose last letter is "e".
Example:
Closed
Believed
Invited
 Regular verbs in past time.
Exceptions to the rule:
When there is a "Y" after a vowel, only "ed" is added. But if before the "Y" there is a consonant, it
becomes "i" and "ed" is added
Example:
Played Study=Studied
Prayed Try= Tried

Irregular verbs in past time.

Irregular verbs in the past tense don't follow any rules. It totally changes its structure, that is why it is
necessary to learn them.
Examples:
Be Was/Were

Begin Began
 ast of be
P
Was:
It is written WAS with the personal
pronouns:
Singular
I, You, He, She, It

Were:
It is written WERE with the personal
pronouns:
Plural
We, You, They
 AFFIRMATIVE

SUBJECT WAS/WERE COMPLEMENT

NEGATIVE

SUBJECT WASN´T/WEREN´T COMPLEMENT

QUESTIONS

You + Was + When + Read + a story?

 Quantifiers
how many and
how much
When this is used, it is because the
quantity is not important or exact, only any
quantity is indicated.
 Quantifiers Quantity

(cantidad)

much (Mucho Few (Pocos

mucha) pocas)

many (Muchos a lot (Mucho)

muchas)

Little (Poco a lot of (Un montón)

poca)

 Describing people
General
appearance

What does he/she

look like? Example:
He is tall and slim with short
We use this question to curly black hair. He is 16 years
talk about a person’s old
physical appearance.
 GRAMMAR. Verbs
TO BE. TO HAVE. TO WEAR.

We use the verb “to be” to:

We use the verb “to have” or We use the verb “to wear” to describe
“have/has” to describe the hair a person’s clothes and accessories.
1. Say the age of a person (I’m 16 years old.)
and eyes of a person. (He has big (She wears blue jeans, a white shirt
2. Describe the eyes and the hair of a
blue eyes and short brown hair. / and a pair of glasses. / I wear a green
person. (His/Her eyes are big and blue and
We have curly hair.) dress with black shoes.)
his hair is short and blonde.)
3. Speak about the height and build (They
are thin and tall.)
Specific questions
How tall is she/he?
1 He´s medium height.
How long is her/his hair?
2 It´s pretty short.
What color is her/his hair?
3 It´s dark
How old is she/he?
4 She´s about 32.
 PRESENT
PERFECT VS
SIMPLE PAST

 Present perfect
The present perfect shows a relation between past
time and present time
It is used to talk about something that happened in
the past, but we dont´ specify when it has happened
(because we dont´ know or it is not important).
Example:
She has phoned me four times so far
(Ella me ha llamado cuatro veces hasta ahora)
 Simple past
The past simple talks about actions and events in the
past that are now finished
Used to indicate something happened at a specific
time in the past.
Example
She phoned me two hours ago
(Ella me llamo hace dos
horas)
Precent Perfect Simple past
Clue Clue
words words
Ever / Never
Last ...
Since
... Ago
So far
Yet
Yesterday
 Grammar structure
Affirmative
Present perfect
Subjet + Have, Has + Past participle + Complemet I

have bought a new car

Simple past
Subjet + verb in past + Complemet

I bought a new car last week

 Negative

Present perfect
Subjet + Have, Has + Not + Past participle + Complemet He

has never played golf before

Simple past
Subjet + Did not + Infinitive + Complemet

He didnt´ play golf yesterday

 Interrogative

Present perfect
Have, Has + Not + Subjet + Past participle + Complemet
Have you had fun today?

Simple past
Did + Subjet + Infinitive + Complemet
Did you work very hard last week?
 r and since
fo
We use the prepositions for and since to locate an event in a time
frame and add information about its duration.

Prepositions are small words that are related to another element

of the sentence. They are essential because they provide
additional details about the sentence by placing events, people,
and objects in a place and time.

The prepositions for (hace/por/durante) and since (desde) have

the same general purpose but have a different connotation.

 FOR
sujeto + verb present perfect tense + For + a period of time

She has lived here for twenty years.

We have taught at this school for a long time.

Alice has been married forthree months.

They have been at the hotel for a week.

since
sujeto + verb present perfect tense + Since + a point in time (in the
past), until now.
She has lived here since 1980.

We have taught at this school since 1965.

Alice has been married since March 2nd.

They have been at the hotel since last Tuesday.

 IN, ON, AT
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME: IN, ON, AT
There are prepositions for places,
transports, but today I will explain to you
about the prepositions of time, when they
are used.

The following table shows when

prepositions are used and their examples

"SIMPLE PRESENT IN ITS

NEGATIVE FORM"
THE PRESENT SIMPLE IN ITS NEGATIVE FORM IS USED TO INDICATE
ACTIONS THAT WE DO NOT REGULARLY DO
 IT IS STRUCTURED AS FOLLOWS

SUBJECT + AUXILIAR VERB + NEGATIVE AUXILIARY + VERB + COMPLEMENT

HE DOES WORK
NOT
SHE DOES TALK
WE DO EAT
THEY DO
 SUBJECT + AUXILIAR VERB + NEGATIVE AUXILIARY + VERB + COMPLEMENT

MY BROTHER + DOES + NOT + WORK + IN A SCHOOL

MY BROTHER DOESN´T WORK IN A SCHOOL

CONTRACTIONS

DOES + NOT = DOESN´T DO + NOT = DON´T

Interrogative
form of Have /
has Auxiliar+ subject + past participle + complement?

The auxiliary of have or has is at the beginning and the subject in the
middle.
Example:

Has Antonia gone to Europe?

Have the estudents heard that song?

CONTRACTIONS

Have ------- ´ve

An apostrophe is placed and the v,e ----- (´ve)
Has --------´s
Has is contracted with the apostrophe ´s