basics:

french rev started- 14 july 1789

louis 16 was the king
he was 20 yrs old
his wife- maria antonette from austria
he was from bourbon family

why did french revolution occur:

1) war
2) maintaining palace of versailles
3) independence of the 13 american colonies costed 2 billion livres
4) 10% interest on loans
5) giving salaries to gov officers and other costs

society of france in 18 century

it was in three estates:

1) clergy- church people
2) nobility- kings, officers etc.
3) third estate- (i) businessman, doctors, lawyers etc.
(ii) farmers, small businessman
(iii) workers, labours, landless farmers

90% population were farmers

60% of land was owned by upper estates

also clergy and nobility had special rights:

1) no tax to pay
2) 3rd estate people used to work for them
3) received tax from 3rd estate

there were two taxes:

tithe- it was given by third estate to clergy/church
taille- it was given by third estate to nobility/state

population: 1715= 25M

1789= 28M

as population increased, demand of food increased but the crops were not growing in
relation with the demand so price for bread increased
however, income of people remained same/ did not increase
because of this, rich people kept getting richer and richer while poor people kept
getting poorer so the difference between the rich and the poor increased a lot
also the crops got destroyed so it led to subsistence crisis

subsistence crises-: when basic needs for survival are present in critically low
amount. it is generally caused by economical crisis

due to subsistence crisis people protested

there were two philosophers:

1)john locke => two treaties of government
2)jean jacques rousseau => social contract
3)montesquieu => the spirit of law

to increase tax- meeting of estate general was to be held. it participants were:

1) clergy x300
2) nobility x300
3) third estate x600 (mostly useless)
last such meeting was held in 1614 before this one (5 may 1789)
no entry in this meeting is for farmers, artists and females

on 20 june 1789 third estate gathered in a tennis court and declared themselves as
national assembly
two people led this assembly:
1) mirabeau (noble)
2) abbe sieyes (clergy) => what is the third estate

aftermath of french revolution:

rumours spread that second estate has sent people to destroy the crops. farmers
attacked and burnt the papers of the nobility

overall this is the aftermath:

1) no more priveledges
2) power reduction
3) land distribution
4) tithes ended
these decisions were taken on the night of 4 aug 1789
france now monarchy=>constitutional monarchy

see the chart ( the veto thing)

who can vote= active citizens => requirements- 1) gender male

2) age 25+
3) pay tax worth three days of a labour's wage
who cannot vote= passive citizens

national assembly declared war on april 1792 against persia & austria
many patriotic songs were sung, but the main was MARSEILLES by Rouget De L'isle

many clubs were made..... most successful one was Jacobin Club
in this club mostly servant, labour, shopkeeper etc. were there
its leader was Maximilian Robespierre

on 21st september 1792 in france monarch was ended

Louis 16 was executed (hanged) publically on 21st january 1793

reign of terror was led by Maximilian Robespierre from 1793 to 1794

his actions:
1) he executed all those who he felt as threat
2) setted up limit for wages
3) rationed the amount of meat and bread
4) farmers sold their harvest at a fix rate
5) equality bread
6) sir and madame to citoyen and citoyenne
7) churches converted to offices
8) woman political clubs were ended
9) woman were banned from politics
10) woman leaders were arrested and executed

he was executed july 1794 guillotined him

new leader came named Napolean bonaparte

females ka yogdan:
also took part in revolution
they wanted change in their lifestyle

to have changes, woman used to make clubs and provide newspapers for the same
out of these clubs, the most successful one was:
THE SOCIETY OF REVOLUTIONARY AND REPUBLICAN WOMEN

their demands were:

1) political rights
2) right to be elected to the national assembly

government took these actions by making laws:

1) schooling compulsory
2) no forceful marriage
3) marriage was made a contract
4) divorce was now legal
5) training provided

woman got political rights in 1946

ABOLITION OF SLAVERY:
slavery was abolished

main colonies of france:

1) Guadeloupe
2) San Domingo
3) Martinique

these were in carribean region (the places where slaves were traded)

soon shortage of slaves took place, hence triangular slave trade started
this trade took place between BRITAIN, AFRICA AND AMERICA
this started in 17th century

main cities where these the trade took place => (1) BORDEAUX and (2) NANTES

also from slave trade the demand of tobacco, sugar, indigo and coffee was filled

napolean again started slavery which was soon removed in 1846

Abolition of censorship:
took up with:
1. books
2. newspaper
3. songs
4. play

OLD REGIME- RULE BEFORE 1789 IN FRANCE

napoleon became king of france in 1804

1815 in battle of waterloo he was killed/ defeated