Ex 2a p.

116
Canyon - a deep valley between high steep banks, usually containing a river
Crater - the bowl-shaped mouth of a volcano
Erosion - if soil, stone, etc erodes or is eroded, it is gradually damaged and
removed by the sea, rain, or wind.
Flash flood - a situation in which a lot of water covers an area that is usually
dry, especially when a river becomes too full
Geyser - a rare kind of hot spring that is under pressure and erupts, sending jets
of water and steam into the air
Ice cap - a covering of ice over a large area, especially on the polar region of a
planet
Meteor - a rock from outer space that becomes very hot and burns brightly in the
sky at night as it enters Earth's atmosphere
Reservoir - an artificial lake where water is stored before it goes to people's
houses
Subsurface - the stratum or strata below the earth's surface
Tsunami - a long, high sea wave caused by an earthquake or other disturbance

Ex 6a p. 117

After the successful launch of the world's most powerful rocket by Elon Musk,
more people appeared in the world with the desire to visit Mars and even join the
expedition to establish life on the red planet. Let's consider the pros of this and
determine for whom such an expedition is suitable.
First of all, it is a good opportunity for people who want to become famous all
over the world, enter the history of and be heard in every corner. The expedition
is suitable for people who want to become the originators of something and leave
their weighty words in nature. But it really has to be the right people who can
easily adapt to new circumstances. It is necessary to have knowledge in the
different fields in order to be useful to other members of the expedition. For
example, if you are familiar with garden crops, you will be able to establish
entire food plantations that will be grown on Mars in completely different
conditions than on the Earth. Therefore, you also need engineers who can not only
fix something in case of breakage, but also help you organize these necessary
conditions. Moreover, the expedition will not do without a doctor of the highest
class, who will not only provide first aid, but also perform emergency surgery in
case. You also need to be prepared that you will have to continue the birth on Mars
and there can be no question of any love. You will have to choose the father of
your child from the members of the expedition. It is worth thinking about whether
you are ready for such a fate and whether you want such a fate for your children.
Personally, even in the case of perfect physical training, I will never be ready
for that. I want to live where I was born, where my family lives and where my home
is. Therefore, the expedition to Mars is not for me, but for braver people.

Ex 6 p. 118

Ex 9a p. 119

Ex 10 p. 119

1. Is plastic a wonder material? I thought so until I listened to the podcast.

2. Poor heat resistance is a weakness of biodegradable plastic and its lack of
strength is another one.
3. It is important to reuse plastic bags. If you do, you are actively reducing
waste.
4. Chemical leaching may be a problem caused by plastic, but I'm not sure it is a
serious one.
5. We manufacture so many things out of plastic. We make carpets and clothes. We
produce components for cars and computers. How could we live without it?

Ex 4a p. 121

Ex 5c p. 121