Overhead Power Transmission-C

Teknik Elektro S-1, ITN-Malang 10/21/2
Prof. Dr. Eng. Ir. I Made Wartana,MT

Dept. of Electrical Engineering, ITN-Malang
Insttitut Teknologi Nasional
Malang
This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com
www.free-power-point-templates.com
Contents
4.11 Equivalent Circuits for Transmission Lines
4.12 Short Transmission Lines (up to 50 mi, or 80 km)
4.13 Medium-Length Transmission Lines (up to 150 mi, or 240 km)
4.14 Long Transmission Lines (above 150 mi, or 240 km)
4.15 General Circuit Constants
4.16 Bundled Conductors
4.17 Effect of Ground on Capacitance of Three-Phase Lines
4.18 Environmental Effects of Overhead Transmission Lines
4.19 Additional Solved Numerical Examples for the Transmission-Line
Calculations

Equivalent Circuits for Transmission Lines
o Short Transmission Lines (up to 50 mi, or 80 km)

o Medium-Length Transmission Lines (up to 150 mi, or
240 km
o Long Transmission Lines (above 150 mi, or 240 km)

Medium-Length Transmission Lines

(up to 150 mi, or 240 km)
Nominal-T circuit: (a) actual circuit and (b) its equivalent lumped
circuit.


for a nominal-T circuit, the general circuit parameter matrix, or
transfer matrix, becomes

Short Transmission Lines (up to 50 mi, or 80 km)
Nominal-π circuit: (a) actual circuit and (b) its equivalent lumped circuit


for a nominal-π circuit, the general circuit parameter matrix
becomes


Example 4.11 and 4.12

Long Transmission Lines (above 150 mi, or 240 km)
One phase and neutral connection of three-phase transmission line


In terms of ABCD constants,


Example 4.13

Equivalent-π and equivalent-T circuits for a long transmission line: (a)

equivalent-π circuit and (b) equivalent-T circuit.

For the equivalent-π circuit

For the equivalent-T circuit

Example 4.14

The T circuits: (a) equivalent T and (b) nominal T (?)

The T circuits: (a) equivalent-π and (b) nominal –π (?)


Incident and Reflected Voltages of Long Transmission Line
The wavelength A is defined as the distance l along a line between two points to
develop a phase shift of 2π radians, or 360°, for the incident and reflected waves. If β
is the phase shift in radians per mile, the wavelength in miles is
Since the propagation velocity is

Example 4.15


Surge Impedance Loading of Transmission Line
In power systems, if the line is lossless,* the characteristic impedance Zc of a line is

sometimes called surge impedance. Therefore, for a loss-free line (R=0)
The SIL (or the natural loading) of a transmission line is defined as the power delivered
by the line to a purely resistive load equal to its surge impedance. Therefore

Transmission-line compensation by Transmission-line compensation by

adding lump inductances in (a) series adding capacitances in (a) parallel (i.e.,
and (b) parallel (i.e., shunt). shunt) and (b) series

Example 4.20 & 4.21

KONDUKTOR BERKAS (BUNDLED

CONDUCTORS)
Digunakanpad EHV ( >345 kV)
Keuntungan a Kerugian
• Reaktansi induktif saluran • Menaikkan pembebanan oleh angin
direduksi dan es
• Gradien tegangan direduksi • Suspensinya lebih kompleks
• Menaikan tegangan kritis korona • Kecendrungan ‘lompatan’ meningkat
shg. mengurangi rugi daya • Biaya naik
korona, audible noise, dan • Menaikkan peralatan ‘ clearance
’
interferensi radio. pada struktur
• Daya yang disalurkan per satuan • Menaikkan kVA pengisian
massa konduktor lebih banyak.
• Amplitude dan durasi getaran
frekwensi tinggi dapat direduksi
TURAN GÖNEN - 1998

Bundle Arrangement
d
d d d d
d
d d
Two-conductor bundled Three-conductor bundled Four-conductor bundled
d d d
a a’ b b’ c c’
Dab Dbc
Dac
Cross section of b c three phase line with horizontal tower configuration
TURAN GÖNEN - 1998


CONDUCTORS)
Persamaan untuk perhitungan :

Induktasi (L) dan reaktansi/phasa
Kapasitansi ( C) saluran ke netral
mwartana@hormail.com

Average Inductance & Reactance

d
Inductive
d d d d
d d d
D sb  D s xd D sb  3 D s xd 2
D sb  1 ,09 4 D s x d 3
7 D eq Deq
L a  2 x 10 ln .......H/m X L  0 ,1213 ln ........  / mi
D sb D sb
D eq  D m  3 D ab D bc D ca
TURAN GÖNEN - 1998

Average Inductance & Reactance

d
Inductive
d d d d
d d d
D sb  D s xd D sb  3 D s xd 2
D sb  1 ,09 4 D s x d 3
dimana :
D sb  GMR of bundled conductor
D s  GMR of sud conductor
d  distance between two subconduct ors
TURAN GÖNEN - 1998


CONDUCTORS)
Persamaan untuk perhitungan :

Induktasi (L) dan reaktansi/phasa
Kapasitansi ( C) saluran ke netral
mwartana@hormail.com

Line-to-Netral
d
Capacitance
d d d d
d d d
b
D sC  rxd b
D sC  3
rxd 2 b
D sC  1 ,09 4 r x d 3
 12
2 π x 8 ,8538 x 10 55 ,63 x 10  12
Cn  ....F/m Cn  .......F/m
D eq D eq
ln b ln b
D sC D sC
TURAN GÖNEN - 1998

Line-to-Netral
d
Capacitance
d d d d
d d d
b
D sC  rxd b
D sC  3
rxd 2 b
D sC  1 ,09 4 r x d 3
dimana :
b
D sC  modified GMR of bundled conductor
r  outside radius of sud conductor
TURAN GÖNEN - 1998

Maximum Voltage
Gradient
V0 (1  2r / d )
E0 
D
2 r ln
rd
dimana :
E 0  maximum voltage gradient at the surface
of sub conductor for two - conductor bundle
r  outside radius of sud conductor
TURAN GÖNEN - 1998

Example
d
: d d
a a’ b b’ c c’
D12 D23
D31
Suatu konduktor berkas (bundled- conductor) saluran transmisi tiga

phasa 200 km, dengan konfigurasi spt gambar di atas. Asumsikan bahwa
daya dasar adalah 100 MVA dan tegangan dasar adalah 500 kV,
Konduktor yang digunakan adalah ACSR 1113 kcmil , dan jarak antara
dua subkonduktor adalah 12 in. Asumsikan bahwa jarak antar
konduktor berkas masing-masing adalah 26, 26 dan 52 ft, tentukan :
a. Induktansi rata-rata per phasa ……………………. H/m
b. Reaktasni induktif per phasa ………………………… Ohm/mile
c. Reaktansi seri saluran …………………………………. pu
d. Kapasitansi saluran ke netral saluran ……………... F/m
e. Reaktansi kapasitif saluran ke netral saluran …….Ohm/km dan
Ohm/mile TURAN GÖNEN - 1998

Solution :
a. Dar tabe A - 3 diketahu D s  0,043 ft maka
i l i 5 ,
D sb  D s xd
 0 .0435x0.3 48x12x0.0 5  0 . 063 m
0 2 4 6
3 3
D eq  D m  3 D ab D bc D ca  26 x 26 x 52 x0.3048  9 ,9846 m
De 9 ,9846
L a  2 x10  7 ln q  2 x10  7 ln  1,0112 H/m
D sb 0 ,0636
De
b. X  0 ,121 ln
L  2 fL a
qD b
3 s
-6
 2 60 x1,0112x1 x10 3  0 ,381 Ω/
atau 0 2 km
,  0 ,381 x1,60 Ω/
2 9 mi
TURAN GÖNEN - 1998

Solution :
500 2
c. Z B   2500
100
0 , 3812 x 200
ZL   0 , 0305 pu
2500
d. Dar tabe A - 3 diamete lua subkonduk or 1,29 in mak radiusny adala :
i 1.293
l x 0 .304 r r t 3 a a h
r   0 ,016 m , mak
2 x128 4 a
b
D sC  r x d  0 ,0164 x12 x 0 ,0254  0 ,0707 m
55 ,63 x10  12 55 ,63 x10  12 -12
Cn    11,238x10 F/m
D eq ln 0 ,0707
ln b
1 D sC 10 12 x 10  3 6
e. X c    0 ,236 x 10  - km
2 fC n 2 60 x11,238
atau :
6
0 ,236 x 10 6
X c   0 ,147 x 10  - mi
1 ,609
TURAN GÖNEN - 1998

Thank You
Questions are welcome
Insttitut Teknologi
Malang
Nasional


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Teknik Elektro S-1, ITN-Malang 10/21/2

Prof. Dr. Eng. Ir. I Made Wartana,MT

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

Equivalent Circuits for Transmission Lines

o Short Transmission Lines (up to 50 mi, or 80 km)

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

Medium-Length Transmission Lines

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

Medium-Length Transmission Lines

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

Short Transmission Lines (up to 50 mi, or 80 km)

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

Medium-Length Transmission Lines

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

Medium-Length Transmission Lines

Example 4.11 and 4.12

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

Long Transmission Lines (above 150 mi, or 240 km)

One phase and neutral connection of three-phase transmission line

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

Long Transmission Lines (above 150 mi, or 240 km)

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

Long Transmission Lines (above 150 mi, or 240 km)

In terms of ABCD constants,

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

Long Transmission Lines (above 150 mi, or 240 km)

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

Long Transmission Lines (above 150 mi, or 240 km)

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

Long Transmission Lines (above 150 mi, or 240 km)

Equivalent-π and equivalent-T circuits for a long transmission line: (a)

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

Long Transmission Lines (above 150 mi, or 240 km)

For the equivalent-π circuit

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

Long Transmission Lines (above 150 mi, or 240 km)

For the equivalent-T circuit

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

Long Transmission Lines (above 150 mi, or 240 km)

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

Long Transmission Lines (above 150 mi, or 240 km)

The T circuits: (a) equivalent T and (b) nominal T (?)

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

Long Transmission Lines (above 150 mi, or 240 km)

The T circuits: (a) equivalent-π and (b) nominal –π (?)

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

Long Transmission Lines (above 150 mi, or 240 km)

Since the propagation velocity is

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

Long Transmission Lines (above 150 mi, or 240 km)

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

Long Transmission Lines (above 150 mi, or 240 km)

In power systems, if the line is lossless,* the characteristic impedance Zc of a line is

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

Long Transmission Lines (above 150 mi, or 240 km)

Transmission-line compensation by Transmission-line compensation by

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

Long Transmission Lines (above 150 mi, or 240 km)

Example 4.20 & 4.21

This presentation uses a free template provided by FPPT.com

KONDUKTOR BERKAS (BUNDLED

TURAN GÖNEN - 1998