Préparation présentation CR Système « Simulations »

1 Simulations traction
1.1 Why should we do simulations?
If we have 20 trains in operation, each one with 5000 kW traction equipment, why not install 20 x
5000 = 100 000 kW in, for example 20 rectifiers of 5000 kW along the line?

Answer:

Project Cairo line 4 Manila MMSP

Trains in operation at peak hour 27 34
Traction + auxiliary power per train 6592 kW 8060 kW
Onboard power 27x6592 = 177 984 kW 34x8060 = 270 040 kW
Conclusion of the simulation (RS) 18 x 3700 kW 13 x (2 x 4000) kW
Wayside power 66600 kW 104000 kW
Wayside P/Onboard P 37% 38%

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1.2 Input Data

1.2.1 Input data considered
Line(s) and tracks definition
Junctions between lines description
Stations’ location
Tunnel/open-air sections
Topography
Speed limits in horizontal curves
Speed limits in track switches
LRT: crossroads (XR), max speed in XR, stop before which XR, how long?
Long profile
Running rail specific resistance (Ω/km) in tunnel and open-air + negative feeder if
any
OCS or 3rd rail specific resistance + positive feeder if any
OCS isolators or 3rail coupons
Electrical
Substations’ location
Definition of the traction degraded modes
Substations’ characteristics
Definition of every cable
Types of trains in operation. And for each type:
 Length of train
Rolling  No-load/normal load static and dynamic masses of a train
Stock (per  Speed/Effort/current curves in traction and braking
type of  Traction current limitation at low line voltage
train)  Resistance to motion Vs speed (tunnel/open-air)
 Auxiliary power
 Dwell time at each station
Headway/trains timetable + duration of peak hour
Operation Dwell time in stations and turnback points
Duration of the simulated operation period
Sizing Min line voltage
simul.: Max track to earth voltage
Sizing Max current in substation (150% of rated current for 2 hours…)
criteria Max current in the OCS
Simul for
cables &
Specification of all the output data required.
protection
input data

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1.2.2 Focus headway

Typical current requirement of a train between to stations (at constant line voltage)

Effect on the substation depending of the « shift » between:

 departure time of the train on track 1 from station N toward station N+1
 and departure time of the train on track 2 from station N+1 toward station N

Shift 5 s: max current = 8000A Shift 63 s: max current = 6000A

Shift 50 s: max current = 4000A

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1.2.3 Focus equipotential bonds

Objective: minimize the number of loops in the electrical network definition

 If N loops, a matrix NxN is to invert

 The inversion time is proportional to N²

' ❑
 R ( X ) =R ( X )+ R 0 ×
1+¿ × ¿ ¿ With R0 the equivalent resistance of S and D in parallel on a
length D.

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1.3 Dimensionnement ligne

1.4 Production des données d’entrée pour calcul câbles et protections
1.5 Donnée d’entrée des calculs OPEX
1.6 Simulations dépôt
1.7 Simulations AC

2 Expériences récentes
Projects Tenders
Paris L18 Cairo CML1
Manila MMSP Abou Qir metro
Cairo L4 Alexandria tramway

3 Simulations exploitation
3.1 Limitation of the traction simulation softwares
APS Abidjan feedback: Travel times (excluding dwell times in station): operation simulation estimation
= 110% of traction simulation

 Typically, total dwell times  10% of total travel times

 So that the effect on the loop travel time is  (110+10%)/(100+10%) = 9%
 The difference is due to the ATO speed regulation margin between:
o The ATP emergency braking limit speed
o And the ATO speed regulation

Optimization to consider (for traction sizing): integrate the margins in question into the definition
parameters of the Power/CBTC interface and integrate them into the traction simulations.

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3.2 What we can do without a specific tool

4 Outil Colas Rail

5 Normes applicables
5.1 Spécifique aux simulations
The IEEE 1653.3-2021 deals mainly how to model Rail Transit Traction Power System.

Implicitly it gives requirements to the software used to create and simulate such a model.

With SIGNON SUITE users can model Rail Transit Traction Power System according to this standard.

There is no certificate available of an independent authority.

SIGNON SUITE complies fully to the EN 50641, which proves the core functionality of software used
to create and simulate models for Rail Transit Traction Power System.

5.2 Utilisées pour les simulations

 EN 50122-1 Railway applications - Fixed installations - Electrical safety, earthing and the
return circuit - Part 1: protective provisions against electric shock  Maximum
track to earth voltage.
 EN 50329 Railway applications - Fixed installations - Traction transformers  Maximum
current per substation.

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 EN 50388 Railway Applications - Power supply and rolling stock - Technical criteria for the
coordination between power supply (substation) and rolling stock to achieve
interoperability  Maximum current required by rolling stock at low voltage.
 EN 50163 Railway applications - Supply voltages of traction systems  Extreme line
voltage.

6 Autres outils sur le marché

7 Récupération d’énergie

8 Energy Storage Devices

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9 Benchmark

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27 L4 trains 6500 kW/tr 

34 tr ML + 4 tr SWL = 38 train

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