1

LANGUAGE

Words

Sentence - Combination of words

2 types of sentences
Answers Questions
Positive answers Negative answers Positive questions Negative questions

4 AREAS

Positive Answers (+A) PA Negative Answers (-A) NA

Positive Questions (+Q )PQ Negative Questions (-Q) NQ

Making Sentences – THE S + S + S METHOD

Sentences that tell about - SOMEBODY doing SOMETHING at SOMETIME

SOMEBODY - Characters Who Do The Actions – CHARACTERS CH

I WE YOU THEY HE SHE IT & NAMES

(Names like - Tom, Rahul, Tina , Anita, The machine, Clock, Train,

A bunch of apples, A group of children, The Bees, The Dog etc.,)

Notes

Colour scheme of the book

1. Character - CH 2. Situational Key Word - SKW

3. Action Form - AF 4. Logic
5. Information - Info 6. Not & n’t

7. Mother Tongue Prompt (for better understanding) - MTP

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SOMETHING – THE ACTION

There are five ACTION FORMS for each action AF ( A , AS, A1, A2, A3 )

A AS A1 A2 A3
BASIC VERB A+S A+ING PAST PAST PARTICPLE
eat eat+s = eats eat+ing= eating ate eaten

walk walk+s= walks walk+ing = walking walked walked

speak speak+s = speaks speak+ing = speaking spoke spoken

do does doing did done

have has having had had

SOMETIME – PAST , PRESENT & FUTURE ( 3 ZONES)

Past Present Future

Before Zone Now Zone Later Zone

LOGIC determines SITUATIONAL KEY WORD SKW

The SKW determines the ACTION FORM ( A AS A1 A2 A3 )
1. If the logic is a later action then the situational keyword is will and the AF is A

2. If the logic is a doubt guess the situational keyword is might have or may have and the AF is A3

3. If the logic is a was hapening only before action the situational keyword is had been and the AF is A1

INFO Is the Additional Information You Would Like To Add To The Basic Sentence

He is speaking to his friend. It has been raining for an hour

LOGIC is better understood when the learners connect it to their mother tongue –

MOTHER TONGUE PROMPT -MTP

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THE SKW DETERMINES THE GROUPING OF CHARACTERS –CH

Depending on the LOGIC & SKW (SITUATION) the characters are grouped as below

SKW – A/AS- I We You They + A He She It Names + As

SKW – DO / DOES- I We You They + Do He She It Names + Does
SKW – HAVE / HAS- I We You They + Have He She It Names + Has
SKW – WAS / WERE- I He She It Names + Was We You They + Were
SKW – AM / ARE / IS- I + Am We You They + Are He She It Names + Is

SKW - ALL- I We You They He She It Names (All Characters In One Group)
Example of SKW for ALL grouping - Had, Will, Would, Might, May, Can ,Could, Should, Must, Could
Have, Would Have, Might Have, May Have, Must Have etc.;

example All + had = I had, We had, You had, They had, He had, She had, It had & Tina had

Rule of As & A2
The AS form & A2 form of the activity will not appear in negative sentences, positive and negative question

In negative sentences
AS will be replaced by Does not +A
(PA) He speaks - he does not speak (NA)
(speaks is replaced by does which is AS of do)

A2 will be replaced by Did not + A

(PA) He spoke - He did not speak (NA)
(spoke is replaced by did which is A2 of do)

In positive question
AS will be replaced by Does + CH + A ?
Does he speak ?
(speaks is replaced by does which is AS of do)

A2 will be replaced by Did + CH + A ?

Did he speak ?
(spoke is replaced by did which is A2 of do)

In negative question
AS will be replaced by Doesn’t + CH + A ?
Doesn’t he speak ?
(speaks is replaced by does which is AS of do)

A2 will be replaced by Didn’t + CH + A ?

Didn’t he speak ?
(spoke is replaced by did which is A2 of do)

He speaks He does not speak

Does he speak? Doesn’t he speak?

He spoke(A2) He did not speak

Did he speak? Didn’t he speak?
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POSITIVE SENTENCE
Formula - CH + SKW + AF + INFO
CHARACTER SITUATION KEYWORD ACTION FORM ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
CH SKW AF INFO
EXAMPLES
He is speaking to his friend
Tina was waiting for you
She can draw a picture
They could complete their work
They had been conducting meetings till last year
It has been raining for an hour
They should have ordered more food

NEGATIVE SENTENCE
Formula - CH + SKW + NOT + AF +INFO

RULE OF THE “ NOT”

in SINGLE word SKW - NOT will follow the SKW.

example - am not will not is not cannot could not
in DOUBLE words SKW - NOT will appear in between the two parts of the SKW key words.
example - have not been could not have should not have had not been

CHARACTER SITUATION KEYWORD ACTION FORM ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

CH SKW NOT AF INFO
He is not speaking to his friend
Tina was not waiting for you
She can not draw a picture
They could not complete their work
They had not been conducting meetings till last year
It has not been raining for an hour
They should not have ordered more food

Single keyword- am, are, is, do, does, did, was, were, have, has, had, will, would, might, may, can, could, should, must
Double keyword- have been, has been, had been, will be, could have, might have, may have, would have, must have, should have
Multiple keywords-could have been, might have been, may have been, would have been, must have been, should have been

note: in multiple keywords skw like could have been or should have been not will appear in betwen the first and second
part of the keyword
could have been - could not have been
should have been - should not have been
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POSITIVE QUESTIONS
Formula - SKW + CH + AF + INFO ?
RULE OF THE CH ( Character ) in questions

in SINGLE word SKW - CH will follow the SKW.

example Am I Will he Is Tina Can she Could they
In DOUBLE words SKW - CH will appear in between the key words.
Had they been , Has it been, Should they have

SITUATION KEYWORD CHARACTER ACTION FORM ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

SKW CH AF INFO
Is he speaking to his friend?
Was Tina waiting for you?
Can she draw a picture?
Could they complete their work?
Had they been conducting meetings till last year?
Has it been raining for an hour?
Should they have ordered more food?

NEGATIVE QUESTIONS
A negative question can be made by adding an - n’t - to the SKW
example Is – Isn’t , Are – Aren’t , Has – Hasn’t , Were – Weren’t , Could – Couldn’t
Exceptions - Am – Am I not & Will - Won’t

Formula - SKWn’t + CH + AF + INFO ?

RULE OF THE CH ( Character ) in NEGATIVE questions

in SINGLE word SKW - CH will follow the SKW.

example Isn’t Tina Can’t she Couldn’t they Won’t he

In DOUBLE words SKW - CH will appear in between the key words.

example Hadn’t they been Hasn’t it been Shouldn’t they have

SITUATION KEYWORD CHARACTER ACTION FORM ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

SKW CH AF INFO
Isn’t he speaking to his friend?
Wasn’t tina waiting for you?
Can’t she draw a picture?
Couldn’t they complete their work?
Hadn’t they been conducting meetings till last year?
Hasn’t it been raining for an hour?
Shouldn’t they have ordered more food?
note: in multiple keywords skw like could have been or should have been character(ch) will appear in betwen the first
and second part of the keyword
He could have been - Could he have been? / Couldn’t he have been?
He should have been - Should he have been? / Shouldn’t he have been?
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POSITIVE SENTENCE NEGATIVE SENTENCE

Formula Formula
CH + SKW + AF + INFO CH + SKW + NOT + AF +INFO

Must Remember

1. As will be replaced by does not + A

2. A2 will be replaced by did not + A
3. The rule of the NOT

POSITIVE QUETIONS NEGATIVE QUETIONS

Formula Formula
SKW + CH + AF + INFO ? SKWn’t + CH + AF + INFO ?

Must Remember Must Remember

1. As will be replaced by Does + CH + A ? 1. As will be replaced by Doesn’t + CH + A ?

2. A2 will be replaced by Did + CH + A ? 2. A2 will be replaced by Didn’t + CH + A ?
3. The rule of the CH in questions 3. The rule of the CH in questions

4. The negative of Am I ? is Am I not ?

5. The negative of Will ? is Won’t ?

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LOGIC is better understood when the learners connect it to their mother tongue –

MOTHER TONGUE PROMPT -MTP

Action Mother Tongue

Logic SKW
Form prompt MTP - Hindi

Regular do / does A / AS Action djrk gS

Now happening am / are / is A1 Action dj jgk gS

Started before and now
have been / has been A1 Action igys ls dj jgk gS
happening
Happened recently or just now have / has A3 Action dj pqdk gS

Over did A2 Action fd;k

Was happening was / were A1 Action dj jgk Fkk

Happening only before had been A1 Action djrk Fkk

Action dj pqdk Fkk
First of two or more over
had A3 (nks ;k rhu fd;k gqvk
actions
Action dk igyk Action)

Happen later will A Action djsxk

Will be possible later can A Action dj ldrk

Was possible could A Action dj ldk

Order or Request should A Action djuk gS

Doubt guess might have / may have A3 Action fd;k gksxk

Sure guess would have / must have A3 Action t:j fd;k gksxk

Suggestion or Opinion should have A3 Action djuk pkfg, Fkk

could have A3 Action djuk Fkk

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LOGIC is better understood when the learners connect it to their mother tongue –

MOTHER TONGUE PROMPT -MTP

Action Mother Tongue

Logic SKW
Form prompt MTP

Regular do / does A / AS

Now happening am / are / is A1

Started before and now
have been / has been A1
happening
Happened recently or just now have / has A3

Over did A2

Was happening was / were A1

Happening only before had been A1

First of two or more over

had A3
actions

Happen later will A

Will be possible later can A

Was possible could A

Order or Request should A

Doubt guess might have / may have A3

Sure guess would have / must have A3

Suggestion or Opinion should have A3

could have A3
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LOGIC is better understood when the learners connect it to their mother tongue –

MOTHER TONGUE PROMPT -MTP

Action Mother Tongue

Logic SKW
Form prompt MTP

Regular do / does A / AS

Now happening am / are / is A1

Started before and now
have been / has been A1
happening
Happened recently or just now have / has A3

Over did A2

Was happening was / were A1

Happening only before had been A1

First of two or more over

had A3
actions

Happen later will A

Will be possible later can A

Was possible could A

Order or Request should A

Doubt guess might have / may have A3

Sure guess would have / must have A3

Suggestion or Opinion should have A3

could have A3
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LOGIC is better understood when the learners connect it to their mother tongue –

MOTHER TONGUE PROMPT -MTP

Action Mother Tongue

Logic SKW
Form prompt MTP

Regular do / does A / AS

Now happening am / are / is A1

Started before and now
have been / has been A1
happening
Happened recently or just now have / has A3

Over did A2

Was happening was / were A1

Happening only before had been A1

First of two or more over

had A3
actions

Happen later will A

Will be possible later can A

Was possible could A

Order or Request should A

Doubt guess might have / may have A3

Sure guess would have / must have A3

Suggestion or Opinion should have A3

could have A3
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LOGIC is better understood when the learners connect it to their mother tongue –

MOTHER TONGUE PROMPT -MTP

Action Mother Tongue

Logic SKW
Form prompt MTP

Regular do / does A / AS

Now happening am / are / is A1

Started before and now
have been / has been A1
happening
Happened recently or just now have / has A3

Over did A2

Was happening was / were A1

Happening only before had been A1

First of two or more over

had A3
actions

Happen later will A

Will be possible later can A

Was possible could A

Order or Request should A

Doubt guess might have / may have A3

Sure guess would have / must have A3

Suggestion or Opinion should have A3

could have A3
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L0GIC - A REGULAR ACTION

CH - Characters Έ I WE Y0U THEY HE SHE IT NAME Ή
SKW SituaƟonal Key Word - (A / AS) Do/Does
Thumb rule (for posiƟve sentence) - I We You They + A / He She It Name + As
Thumb rule (for negaƟve sentence & quesƟons) - I We You They + Do / He She It Name + Does
AF AcƟvity Form – A/AS ( e.g., eat/eats, talk/talks, walk/walks, etc)

Rule of ‘Not’ - Single word SKW - not will follow the keyword
- do not / does not

Rule of Character in Questions - Single word SKW -character will follow the keyword
Do I / Do we / Do you / Do they

Does he / Does she / Does it / Does Tom

Before
Zones Now Later
represents the action

represents continuous action

Daddy Chart A CH + SKW + AF + Info NA CH + SKW + Not + AF + Info

Q SKW + CH + AF + Info ? NQ SKW + n’t + CH + AF + Info ?

Daddy
Chart I We You They +A I We You They + do not + A
ApplicaƟon He She It Names + AS He She It Names + does not + A
for regular
acƟon I speak I do not speak
We speak We do not speak
A You speak NA You do not speak
They speak They do not speak
He speaks He does not speak
She speaks She does not speak
It speaks It does not speak
Tom does not speak
Tom speaks

MTP Do / Does + CH + A? Don’t / Doesn’t + CH + A?

Do I speak? Don’t I speak?

Do we speak? Don’t we speak?
Q Do you speak? NQ Don’t you speak?
Do they speak? Don’t they speak?
Does he speak? Doesn’t he speak?
Does she speak? Doesn’t she speak?
Does it speak? Doesn’t it speak?
Does Tom speak? Doesn’t Tom speak?
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L0GIC - AN ACTION HAPPENING N0W

CH - Characters Έ I WE Y0U THEY HE SHE IT NAMES Ή
SKW SituaƟonal Key Word - am / are / is
Thumb rule - I + am We You They + are He She It Name + is

AF AcƟon Form – A1 [A+ing] ( e.g., eaƟng, talking, walking, etc)

Rule of ‘Not’ - Single word SKW - not will follow the keyword
- am not / are not / is not

Rule of Character in Questions - Single word SKW -character will follow the keyword -
Am I / Are we / Are you / Are they / Is he / Is she / Is it / Is Tom

Before
Zones Now Later
represents the action

represents continuous action

Daddy Chart A CH + SKW + AF + Info NA CH + SKW + Not + AF + Info

Q SKW + CH + AF + Info ? NQ SKW + n’t + CH + AF + Info ?

Daddy Chart
ApplicaƟon for now I + Am + A1 I + Am + not + A1
happening acƟon We You They + Are + A1 We You They + Are + not + A1
He She It Names + Is + A1 He She It Names + Is + not + A1
I am speaking I am not speaking
A We are speaking NA We are not speaking
You are speaking You are not speaking
They are speaking They are not speakin
He is speaking He is not speaking
She is speaking She is not speaking
It is speaking It is not speaking
Tom is speaking Tom is not speaking

MTP
Am / Are / Is + CH + A1? Am (I not) / Aren’t / Isn’t + CH + A1?

Am I speaking? Am I not speaking?

Are we speaking? Aren’t we speaking?
Q Are you speaking? NQ Aren’t you speaking?
Are they speaking? Aren’t they speaking?
Is he speaking? Isn’t he speaking?
Is she speaking? Isn’t she speaking?
Is it speaking? Isn’t it speaking?
Is Tom speaking? Isn’t Tom speaking?

note: In negative sentences Am I? is not ain’t but Am I not ?

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L0GIC - AN ACTION WHICH STARTED BEFORE AND IS HAPPENING NOW

CH - Characters Έ I WE Y0U THEY HE SHE IT NAMES Ή
SKW SituaƟonal Key Word - have been / has been
Thumb rule - I We You They + have been / He She It Name + has been

AF AcƟon Form – A1 [A+ing] ( e.g., eaƟng, talking, walking, etc)

Rule of ‘Not’ - Double words SKW - not will appear in between the keywords
- have not been / has not been

Rule of Character in Questions - Double word SKW -character will appear in between the keywords
Have I been / Have we been / Have you been / Have they been

Has he been/ Has she been/ Has it been/ Has Tom been

Before
Zones Now Later
represents the action

represents continuous action

Daddy Chart A CH + SKW + AF + Info NA CH + SKW + Not + AF + Info

Q SKW + CH + AF + Info ? NQ SKW + n’t + CH + AF + Info ?

Daddy
Chart I We You They + have been + A1 I We You They + have not been + A1
ApplicaƟon He She It Names + has been + A1 He She It Names + has not been + A1
for a
started I have been speaking I have not been speaking
before We have been speaking We have not been speaking
A You have been speaking NA You have not been speaking
and now They have been speaking They have not been speaking
happening He has been speaking He has not been speaking
acƟon She has been speaking She has not been speaking
It has been speaking It has not been speaking
Tom has been speaking Tom has not been speaking

MTP

Have / Has + CH + been + A1? Haven’t / Hasn’t + CH + been + A1?

Have I been speaking? Haven’t I been speaking?

Have we been speaking?
Q Have you been speaking?
Have they been speaking?
Has he been speaking?
Has she been speaking?
Has it been speaking?
Has Tom been speaking?
Haven’t we been speaking?
NQ Haven’t you been speaking?
Haven’t they been speaking?
Hasn’t he been speaking?
Hasn’t she been speaking?
Hasn’t it been speaking?
Hasn’t Tom been speaking?
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L0GIC - AN ACTION WHICH WAS OVER RECENTLY OR JUST NOW

CH - Characters Έ I WE Y0U THEY HE SHE IT NAME Ή
SKW SituaƟonal Key Word - have / has
Thumb rule - I We You They + have / He She It Name + has

AF AcƟon Form – A3 ( e.g., SPOKEN, EATEN etc)

Rule of ‘Not’ - Single word SKW - not will follow the keyword
- have not / has not

Rule of Character in Questions - Single word SKW -character will follow the keyword -
Have I / Have we / Have you / Have they / Has he / Has she / Has it / Has Tom

Before
Zones Now Later
represents the action

represents continuous action

Daddy Chart A CH + SKW + AF + Info NA CH + SKW + Not + AF + Info

Q SKW + CH + AF + Info ? NQ SKW + n’t + CH + AF + Info ?

Daddy
Chart I We You They + have + A3 I We You They + have not + A3
ApplicaƟon He She It Names + has + A3 He She It Names + has not + A3
for an
acƟon I have spoken I have not spoken
which We have spoken We have not spoken
A You have spoken NA You have not spoken
was over They have spoken They have not spoken
recently or He has spoken He has not spoken
just now She has spoken She has not spoken
It has spoken It has not spoken
Tom has spoken Tom has not spoken

MTP

Have / Has + CH + A3? Haven’t / Hasn’t + CH + A3?

Have I spoken? Haven’t I spoken?

Have we spoken? Haven’t we spoken?
Q Have you spoken? NQ Haven’t you spoken?
Have they spoken? Haven’t they spoken?
Has he spoken? Hasn’t he spoken?
Has she spoken? Hasn’t she spoken?
Has it spoken? Hasn’t it spoken?
Has Tom spoken? Hasn’t Tom spoken?
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L0GIC - AN ACTION WHICH IS OVER

MUST REMEBER THAT DIRECT A2 WILL NOT APPEAR IN NEGATIVE SENTENCES, QUESTIONS AND NEGATIVE QUESTSIONS

CH - Characters Έ I WE Y0U THEY HE SHE IT NAMES Ή

SKW SituaƟonal Key Word - Did (A2 = did + A)
Thumb rule - ALL (same keyword with all characters)

AF AcƟon Form – A (A2 in posiƟve sentence e.g., Spoke, Ate etc.)

(in negaƟve sentence it is did not + A and quesƟons it is Did/Didn’t + A)

Rule of ‘Not’ - Single word SKW - not will follow the keyword
- All CH + did not + A

Rule of Character in Questions - Single word SKW -character will follow the keyword -
Did + ALL CH +A ?

Zones Before Now Later

represents the action

represents continuous action

Daddy Chart A CH + SKW + AF + Info NA CH + SKW + Not + AF + Info

Q SKW + CH + AF + Info ? NQ SKW + n’t + CH + AF + Info ?

Daddy Chart
ApplicaƟon
for an acƟon
All + A2 All + did not + A
which is over I spoke I did not speak
We spoke We did not speak
A You spoke NA You did not speak
They spoke They did not speak
He spoke He did not speak
She spoke She did not speak
It spoke It did not speak
Tom spoke Tom did not speak

MTP

Did + CH + A ? Didn’t + CH + A?
Did I speak? Didn’t I speak?
Q Did we speak? NQ Didn’t we speak?
Did you speak? Didn’t you speak?
Did they speak? Didn’t they speak?
Did he speak? Didn’t he speak?
Did she speak? Didn’t she speak?
Did it speak? Didn’t it speak?
Did Tom speak? Didn’t Tom speak?
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L0GIC - AN ACTION THAT WAS HAPPENING BEFORE

CH - Characters Έ I WE Y0U THEY HE SHE IT NAMES Ή
SKW SituaƟonal Key Word - was / were
Thumb rule - I He She It Name + was We You They + were (very important)
AF AcƟon Form – A1 ( e.g., speaking, eaƟng, going etc)

Rule of ‘Not’ - Single word SKW - not will follow the keyword
- was not / were not

Rule of Character in Questions - Single word SKW -character will follow the keyword -
Was I / Was he / Was she / Was it / Was Tom / Were we / Were you / Were they

Zones Before Now Later

represents the action

represents continuous action

Daddy Chart A CH + SKW + AF + Info NA CH + SKW + Not + AF + Info

Q SKW + CH + AF + Info ? NQ SKW + n’t + CH + AF + Info ?

Daddy Chart
ApplicaƟon I He She It Names + was + A1 I He She It Names + was not + A1
for an acƟon We You They + were + A1 We You They + were not + A1
which was
happening I was speaking I was not speaking
He was speaking He was not speaking
before She was speaking She was not speaking
A It was speaking NA It was not speaking
Tom was speaking Tom was not speaking

We were speaking We were not speaking

You were speaking You were not speaking
They were speaking They were not speaking

MTP

Was / Were + CH + A1? Wasn’t / Weren’t + CH + A1?

Was I speaking? Wasn’t I speaking?

Was he speaking? Wasn’t he speaking?
Was she speaking? Wasn’t she speaking?
Q Was it speaking? NQ Wasn’t it speaking?
Was Tom speaking? Wasn’t Tom speaking?

Were we speaking? Weren’t we speaking?

Were you speaking? Weren’t you speaking?
Were they speaking? Weren’t they speking?
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L0GIC - AN ACTION THAT WAS HAPPENING ONLY BEFORE

CH - Characters Έ I WE Y0U THEY HE SHE IT NAMES Ή
SKW SituaƟonal Key Word - had been
Thumb rule - All - (I We You They He She It Name) + had been

AF AcƟon Form – A1 [A+ing] ( e.g., eaƟng, talking, walking, etc)

Rule of ‘Not’ - double words SKW - not will appear in between the keywords
- had not been

Rule of Character in Questions - Double words SKW -character will appear in between the keywords
Had I been / Had we been / Had you been / Had they been

Had he been/ Had she been/ Had it been/ Had Tom been

Before
Zones Now Later
represents the action

represents continuous action ×

Daddy Chart A CH + SKW + AF + Info NA CH + SKW + Not + AF + Info

Q SKW + CH + AF + Info ? NQ SKW + n’t + CH + AF + Info ?

Daddy
Chart I We You They He She It Names + I We You They He She It Names +
ApplicaƟon had been + A1 had not been + A1
for only
before I had been speaking I had not been speaking
happening We had been speaking We had not been speaking
A You had been speaking NA You had not been speaking
acƟvity They had been speaking They had not been speaking
He had been speaking He had not been speaking
She had been speaking She had not been speaking
It had been speaking It had not been speaking
Tom had been speaking Tom had not been speaking

MTP
Had + CH + been + A1? Hadn’t + CH + been + A1?

Had I been speaking? Hadn’t I been speaking?

Had we been speaking?
Q Had you been speaking?
Had they been speaking?
Had he been speaking?
Had she been speaking?
Had it been speaking?
Had Tom been speaking?
Hadn’t we been speaking?
NQ Hadn’t you been speaking?
Hadn’t they been speaking?
Hadn’t he been speaking?
Hadn’t she been speaking?
Hadn’t it been speaking?
Hadn’t Tom been speaking?
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L0GIC - The FIRST ACTION of two or more OVER ACTIONS

CH - Characters Έ I WE Y0U THEY HE SHE IT NAMES Ή
SKW SituaƟonal Key Word - Had
Thumb rule - All - (I We You They He She It Name) + had

AF AcƟon Form – A3 ( e.g., spoken, eaten, gone etc)

Rule of ‘Not’ - Single word SKW - not will follow the keyword - had not
Rule of Character in Questions - Single word SKW -character will follow the keyword -
Had I / Had we / Had you / Had they / Had he / Had she / Had it / Had Tom

examples: The train had left (first activity -had + A3) before I reached (All + A2) the station.
She had (first activity -had + A3) slept before you called (All + A2)
Tina had gone (first activity -had + A3) to the market when you came (All + A2)

Before
Zones Now Later
represents the action

represents continuous action

Daddy Chart A CH + SKW + AF + Info NA CH + SKW + Not + AF + Info

Q SKW + CH + AF + Info ? NQ SKW + n’t + CH + AF + Info ?

Daddy Chart
ApplicaƟon for I We You They He She It Names + had + A3 I We You They He She It Names + had not+ A3
the first of two
I had spoken I had not spoken
or more over We had spoken We had not spoken
acƟons You had spoken You had not spoken
A They had spoken NA
They had not spoken
He had spoken He had not spoken
She had spoken She had not spoken
It had spoken It had not spoken
Tom had spoken Tom had not spoken

MTP
Had + CH + A3? Hadn’t + CH + A3?

Had I spoken? Hadn’t I spoken?

Had we spoken? Hadn’t we spoken?
Had you spoken? Hadn’t you spoken?
Q Had they spoken? NQ Hadn’t they spoken?
Had he spoken? Hadn’t he spoken?
Had she spoken? Hadn’t she spoken?
Had it spoken? Hadn’t it spoken?
Had Tom spoken? Hadn’t Tom spoken?
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L0GIC - A LATER ACTION

CH - Characters Έ I WE Y0U THEY HE SHE IT NAMES Ή
SKW SituaƟonal Key Word - will
Thumb rule - All - (I We You They He She It Name) + will

AF AcƟon Form – A ( e.g., speak, eat, go etc)

Rule of ‘Not’ - Single word SKW - not will follow the keyword
- will not

Rule of Character in Questions - Single word SKW -character will follow the keyword -
Will I / Will we / Will you / Will they / Will he / Will she / Will it / Will Tom

(in negative questions Will is Won’t)

Before
Zones Now Later
represents the action

represents continuous action

Daddy Chart A CH + SKW + AF + Info NA CH + SKW + Not + AF + Info

Q SKW + CH + AF + Info ? NQ SKW + n’t + CH + AF + Info ?

Daddy Chart
Application for I We You They He She It Names I We You They He She It Names + will
a later action + will + A not+ A
I will speak I will not speak
We will speak We will not speak
A You will speak NA You will not speak
They will speak They will not speak
He will speak He will not speak
She will speak She will not speak
It will speak It will not speak
Tom will speak Tom will not speak

MTP
Will + CH + A? Won’t + CH + A?

Will I speak? Won’t I speak?

Will we speak? Won’t we speak?
Q Will you speak? NQ Won’t you speak?
Will they speak? Won’t they speak?
Will he speak? Won’t he speak?
Will she speak? Won’t she speak?
Will it speak? Won’t it speak?
Will Tom speak? Won’t Tom speak?
 21

L0GIC - A ACTION WHICH IS POSSIBLE LATER

CH - Characters Έ I WE Y0U THEY HE SHE IT NAMES Ή
SKW SituaƟonal Key Word - Can
Thumb rule - All - (I We You They He She It Name) + can

AF AcƟon Form – A ( e.g., speak, eat, go etc)

Rule of ‘Not’ - Single word SKW - not will follow the keyword
- can not

Rule of Character in Questions - Single word SKW -character will follow the keyword -
Can I / Can we / Can you / Can they / Can he / Can she / Can it / Can Tom

Before
Zones Now Later
represents the action

represents continuous action

Daddy Chart A CH + SKW + AF + Info NA CH + SKW + Not + AF + Info

Q SKW + CH + AF + Info ? NQ SKW + n’t + CH + AF + Info ?

Daddy Chart
Application I We You They He She It Names I We You They He She It Names + can
for an action + can + A not+ A
which is
possible later I can speak I cannot speak
We can speak We cannot speak
A You can speak NA You cannot speak
They can speak They cannot speak
He can speak He cannot speak
She can speak She cannot speak
It can speak It cannot speak
Tom can speak Tom cannot speak

MTP
Can + CH + A? Can’t + CH + A?

Can I speak? Can’t I speak?

Can we speak? Can’t we speak?
Q Can you speak? NQ Can’t you speak?
Can they speak? Can’t they speak?
Can he speak? Can’t he speak?
Can she speak? Can’t she speak?
Can it speak? Can’t it speak?
Can Tom speak? Can’t Tom speak?
22

L0GIC - A ACTION WHICH WAS POSSIBLE BEFORE

CH - Characters Έ I WE Y0U THEY HE SHE IT NAMES Ή
SKW SituaƟonal Key Word - Could
Thumb rule - All - (I We You They He She It Name) + could

AF AcƟon Form – A ( e.g., speak, eat, go etc)

Rule of ‘Not’ - Single word SKW - not will follow the keyword
- could not

Rule of Character in Questions - Single word SKW -character will follow the keyword -
Could I / Could we / Could you / Could they / Could he / Could she / Could it / Could Tom

Before
Zones Now Later
represents the action

represents continuous action

Daddy Chart A CH + SKW + AF + Info NA CH + SKW + Not + AF + Info

Q SKW + CH + AF + Info ? NQ SKW + n’t + CH + AF + Info ?

Daddy Chart
Application for I We You They He She It Names I We You They He She It Names +
a action which + could + A could not+ A
was possible
before I could speak I could not speak
We could speak We could not speak
A You could speak NA You could not speak
They could speak They could not speak
He could speak He could not speak
She could speak She could not speak
It could speak It could not speak
Tom could speak Tom could not speak

MTP
Could + CH + A? Couldn’t + CH + A?

Could I speak? Couldn’t I speak?

Could we speak? Couldn’t we speak?
Q Could you speak? NQ Couldn’t you speak?
Could they speak? Couldn’t they speak?
Could he speak? Couldn’t he speak?
Could she speak? Couldn’t she speak?
Could it speak? Couldn’t it speak?
Could Tom speak? Couldn’t Tom speak?
 23

L0GIC - AN ORDER OR REQUEST

CH - Characters Έ I WE Y0U THEY HE SHE IT NAMES Ή
SKW SituaƟonal Key Word - Should
Thumb rule - All - (I We You They He She It Name) + should

AF AcƟon Form – A ( e.g., speak, eat, go etc)

Rule of ‘Not’ - Single word SKW - not will follow the keyword
- Should not

Rule of Character in Questions - Single word SKW -character will follow the keyword -
Should I / Should we / Should you / Should they / Should he / Should she / Should it / Should Tom

Before
Zones Now Later
represents the action

represents continuous action

Daddy Chart A CH + SKW + AF + Info NA CH + SKW + Not + AF + Info

Q SKW + CH + AF + Info ? NQ SKW + n’t + CH + AF + Info ?

Daddy Chart
Application for I We You They He She It Names I We You They He She It Names +
an order or + should + A should not+ A
request
I should speak I should not speak
We should speak We should not speak
A You should speak NA You should not speak
They should speak They should not speak
He should speak He should not speak
She should speak She should not speak
It should speak It should not speak
Tom should speak Tom should not speak

MTP
Should + CH + A? Shouldn’t + CH + A ?

Should I speak? Shouldn’t I speak?

Should we speak?
Q Should you speak?
Should they speak?
Should he speak?
Should she speak?
Should it speak?
Should Tom speak?
Shouldn’t we speak?
NQ Shouldn’t you speak?
Shouldn’t they speak?
Shouldn’t he speak?
Shouldn’t she speak?
Shouldn’t it speak?
Shouldn’t Tom speak?
24

L0GIC - A DOUBT GUESS

CH - Characters Έ I WE Y0U THEY HE SHE IT NAMES Ή
SKW SituaƟonal Key Word - Might have / May have
Thumb rule - All - (I We You They He She It Name) + might have / may have

AF AcƟon Form – A3 ( e.g., spoken, eaten, gone etc)

Rule of ‘Not’ - double words SKW - not will appear in between the keywords
- might not have / may not have

For questions in this logic (situation) use would have as SKW

Rule of Character in Questions - Double words SKW -character will appear in between the keyword
Would I have / Would we have / Would you have / Would they have
Would he have / Would she have / Would it have / Would Tom have

Zones Before Now Later

represents the action

represents continuous action

Daddy Chart A CH + SKW + AF + Info NA CH + SKW + Not + AF + Info

Q SKW + CH + AF + Info ? NQ SKW + n’t + CH + AF + Info ?

Daddy
Chart I We You They He She It Names +
ApplicaƟon might/may have + A3
for a doubt
guess I might / may have spoken
We might / may have spoken
A You might / may have spoken
They might / may have spoken
He might / may have spoken
She might / may have spoken
It might / may have spoken
Tom might / may have spoken
I We You They He She It Names +
might not/may not have + A3
I might not / may not have spoken
We might not / may not have spoken
NA You might not / may not have spoken
They might not / may not have spoken
He might not / may not have spoken
She might not / may not have spoken
It might not / may not have spoken
Tom might not / may not have spoken

MTP
Could / Would + CH + have + A3? Couldn’t / Wouldn’t + CH + have + A3?

Would I have spoken? Wouldn’t I have spoken?

Would we have spoken?
Q Would you have spoken?
Would they have spoken?
Would he have spoken?
Would she have spoken?
Would it have spoken?
Would Tom have spoken?
Wouldn’t we have spoken?
NQ Wouldn’t you have spoken?
Wouldn’t they have spoken?
Wouldn’t he have spoken?
Wouldn’t she have spoken?
Wouldn’t it have spoken?
Wouldn’t Tom have spoken?
 25

L0GIC - A SURE GUESS

CH - Characters Έ I WE Y0U THEY HE SHE IT NAMES Ή
SKW SituaƟonal Key Word - would have / must have
Thumb rule - All - (I We You They He She It Name) + would have / must have

AF AcƟon Form – A3 ( e.g., spoken, eaten, gone etc)

Rule of ‘Not’ - double words SKW - not will appear in between the keywords
- would not have / must not have

For questions in this logic (situation) use would have as SKW

Rule of Character in Questions - Double words SKW -character will appear in between the keywords
Would I have / Would we have / Would you have / Would they have
Would he have / Would she have / Would it have / Would Tom have

Zones Before Now Later

represents the action

represents continuous action

Daddy Chart A CH + SKW + AF + Info NA CH + SKW + Not + AF + Info

Q SKW + CH + AF + Info ? NQ SKW + n’t + CH + AF + Info ?

Daddy
Chart I We You They He She It Names +
ApplicaƟon would have/must have + A3
for a sure
guess I would / must have spoken
We would / must have spoken
A You would / must have spoken
They would / must have spoken
He would / must have spoken
She would / must have spoken
It would / must have spoken
Tom would / must have spoken
I We You They He She It Names +
would not have /must not not have + A3
I would not / must not have spoken
We would not / must not have spoken
NA You would not / must not have spoken
They would not / must not have spoken
He would not / must not have spoken
She would not / must not have spoken
It would not / must not have spoken
Tom would not / must not have spoken

MTP
Would + CH + have + A3? Wouldn’t + CH + have + A3?

Would I have spoken? Wouldn’t I have spoken?

Would we have spoken?
Q Would you have spoken?
Would they have spoken?
Would he have spoken?
Would she have spoken?
Would it have spoken?
Would Tom have spoken?
Wouldn’t we have spoken?
NQ Wouldn’t you have spoken?
Wouldn’t they have spoken?
Wouldn’t he have spoken?
Wouldn’t she have spoken?
Wouldn’t it have spoken?
Wouldn’t Tom have spoken?
26

L0GIC - A SUGGESTION OR AN OPINION

CH - Characters Έ I WE Y0U THEY HE SHE IT NAMES Ή
SKW SituaƟonal Key Word - Should have
Thumb rule - All - (I We You They He She It Name) + should have

AF AcƟon Form – A3 ( e.g., spoken, eaten, gone etc)

Rule of ‘Not’ - Double words SKW - not will appear in between the keywords
- should not have

Rule of Character in Questions - Double words SKW -character will appear in between the keywords
Should I have / Should we have / Should you have / Should they have

Should he have / Should she have / Should it have / Should Tom have

Zones Before Now Later

represents the action

represents continuous action

Daddy Chart A CH + SKW + AF + Info NA CH + SKW + Not + AF + Info

Q SKW + CH + AF + Info ? NQ SKW + n’t + CH + AF + Info ?

Daddy
Chart I We You They He She It Names + I We You They He She It Names +
ApplicaƟon should have + A3 should not have + A3
for a
suggesƟon I should have spoken I should not have spoken
or an We should have spoken We should not have spoken
A You should have spoken NA You should not have spoken
opinion They should have spoken They should not have spoken
He should have spoken He should not have spoken
She should have spoken She should not have spoken
It should have spoken It should not have spoken
Tom should have spoken Tom should not have spoken

MTP
Should + CH + have + A3? Shouldn’t + CH + have + A3?

Should I have spoken? Shouldn’t I have spoken?

Should we have spoken?
Q Should you have spoken?
Should they have spoken?
Should he have spoken?
Should she have spoken?
Should it have spoken?
Should Tom have spoken?
Shouldn’t we have spoken?
NQ Shouldn’t you have spoken?
Shouldn’t they have spoken?
Shouldn’t he have spoken?
Shouldn’t she have spoken?
Shouldn’t it have spoken?
Shouldn’t Tom have spoken?
 27

L0GIC - USE MOTHER TONGUE PROMPT

(They could have purchased the property- they were expected to purchase the property but did not)
(She could have attended the meeting-she was expected to attend the meeting but did not)

CH - Characters Έ I WE Y0U THEY HE SHE IT NAMES Ή

SKW SituaƟonal Key Word - Could have
Thumb rule - All - (I We You They He She It Name) + Could have

AF AcƟon Form – A3 ( e.g., spoken, eaten, gone etc)

Rule of ‘Not’ - Double word SKW - not will appear in between the keywords
- could not have

Rule of Character in Questions - Double wordS SKW -character will appear in between the keywords
Could I have / Could we have / Could you have / Could they have

Could he have / Could she have / Could it have / Could Tom have

Zones Before Now Later

represents the action

represents continuous action

Daddy Chart A CH + SKW + AF + Info NA CH + SKW + Not + AF + Info

Q SKW + CH + AF + Info ? NQ SKW + n’t + CH + AF + Info ?

Daddy
Chart I We You They He She It Names + I We You They He She It Names +
ApplicaƟon could have + A3 could not have + A3
for an
acƟon - USE I could have spoken I could not have spoken
MTP We could have spoken We could not have spoken
A You could have spoken NA You could not have spoken
They could have spoken They could not have spoken
He could have spoken He could not have spoken
She could have spoken She could not have spoken
It could have spoken It could not have spoken
Tom could have spoken Tom could not have spoken

MTP
Could + CH + have + A3? Couldn’t + CH + have + A3?

Could I have spoken? Couldn’t I have spoken?

Could we have spoken?
Q Could you have spoken?
Could they have spoken?
Could he have spoken?
Could she have spoken?
Could it have spoken?
Could Tom have spoken?
Couldn’t we have spoken?
NQ Couldn’t you have spoken?
Couldn’t they have spoken?
Couldn’t he have spoken?
Couldn’t she have spoken?
Couldn’t it have spoken?
Couldn’t Tom have spoken?
28

Condition C

A condition in simple words is the status of a character (CH )

Examples : tired, busy, hungry, beautiful, fast

POSITIVE SENTENCE NEGATIVE SENTENCE

Formula Formula
CH + SKW + C CH + SKW + NOT + C
Must Remember
1. The rule of the NOT

POSITIVE QUETIONS NEGATIVE QUETIONS

Formula Formula
SKW + CH + C ? SKWn’t + CH + C ?
Must Remember Must Remember
1. The rule of the CH in questions 1. The rule of the CH in questions
2. The negative of Am I ? is Am I not ?
3. The negative of Will ? is Won’t ?
 29

L0GIC - PRESENT STATUS

CH - Characters Έ I WE Y0U THEY HE SHE IT NAMES Ή
SKW SituaƟonal Key Word - am / are / is
Thumb rule - I + am We You They + are He She It Name + is

Rule of ‘Not’ - Single word SKW - not will follow the keyword
- am not / are not / is not

Rule of Character in Questions - Single word SKW -character will follow the keyword
Am I / Are we / Are you / Are they / Is he / Is she / Is it / Is Tom

Zones Before Now Later

represents the status

represents continuous status

Daddy Chart A CH + SKW + C + Info NA CH + SKW + Not + C + Info

Q SKW + CH + C + Info ? NQ SKW + n’t + CH + C + Info ?

Daddy Chart
ApplicaƟon for I + Am + C I + Am + not + C
present status We You They + Are + C We You They + Are + not + C
(condiƟon) He She It Names + Is + C He She It Names + Is + not + C
I am busy I am not busy
A We are busy NA We are not busy
You are busy You are not busy
They are busy They are not busy
He is busy He is not busy
She is busy She is not busy
It is busy It is not busy
Tom is busy Tom is not busy

MTP
Am / Are / Is + CH + C? Am (I not) / Aren’t / Isn’t + CH + C?

Am I busy? Am I not busy?

Are we busy? Aren’t we busy?
Q Are you busy? NQ Aren’t you busy?
Are they busy? Aren’t they busy?
Is he busy? Isn’t he busy?
Is she busy? Isn’t she busy?
Is it busy? Isn’t it busy?
Is Tom busy? Isn’t Tom busy?
30

L0GIC - BEFORE AND PRESENT STATUS

CH - Characters Έ I WE Y0U THEY HE SHE IT NAMES Ή
SKW SituaƟonal Key Word - have been / has been
Thumb rule - I We You They + have been / He She It Name + has been

Rule of ‘Not’ - Double words SKW - not will appear in between the keywords
- have not been / has not been

Rule of Character in Questions - Double word SKW -character will appear in between the keywords
Have I been / Have we been / Have you been / Have they been

Has he been/ Has she been/ Has it been/ Has Tom been

Zones Before Now Later

represents the status

represents continuous status

Daddy Chart A CH + SKW + C + Info NA CH + SKW + Not + C + Info

Q SKW + CH + C + Info ? NQ SKW + n’t + CH + C + Info ?

Daddy
Chart I We You They + have been + C I We You They + have not been + C
ApplicaƟon He She It Names + has been + C He She It Names + has not been + C
for before
and present I have been busy I have not been busy
status We have been busy We have not been busy
A NA
(condiƟon) You have been busy You have not been busy
They have been busy They have not been busy
He has been busy He has not been busy
She has been busy She has not been busy
It has been busy It has not been busy
Tom has been busy Tom has not been busy
MTP

Have / Has + CH + been + C? Haven’t / Hasn’t + CH + been + C?

Have I been busy? Haven’t I been busy?

Have we been busy?
Q Have you been busy?
Have they been busy?
Has he been busy?
Has she been busy?
Has it been busy?
Has Tom been busy?
Haven’t we been busy?
NQ Haven’t you been busy?
Haven’t they been busy?
Hasn’t he been busy?
Hasn’t she been busy?
Hasn’t it been busy?
Hasn’t Tom been busy?
 31

L0GIC - BEFORE STATUS

CH - Characters Έ I WE Y0U THEY HE SHE IT NAMES Ή
SKW SituaƟonal Key Word - was / were
Thumb rule - I He She It Name + was We You They + were

Rule of ‘Not’ - Single word SKW - not will follow the keyword
- was not / were not

Rule of Character in Questions - Single word SKW -character will follow the keyword -
Was I / Was he / Was she / Was it / Was Tom / Were we / Were you / Were they

Zones Before Now Later

represents the status

represents continuous status

Daddy Chart A CH + SKW + C + Info NA CH + SKW + Not + C + Info

Q SKW + CH + C + Info ? NQ SKW + n’t + CH + C + Info ?

Daddy Chart
ApplicaƟon for I He She It Names + was + C I He She It Names + was not + C
a before status We You They + were + C We You They + were not + C
(condiƟon)
I was busy I was not busy
He was busy He was not busy
She was busy She was not busy
A It was busy NA It was not busy
Tom was busy Tom was not busy

We were busy We were not busy

You were busy You were not busy
They were busy They were not busy
MTP

Was / Were + CH + C? Wasn’t / Weren’t + CH + C?

Was I busy? Wasn’t I busy?

Was he busy? Wasn’t he busy?
Was she busy? Wasn’t she busy?
Q Was it busy? NQ Wasn’t it busy?
Was Tom busy? Wasn’t Tom busy?

Were we busy? Weren’t we busy?

Were you busy? Weren’t you busy?
Were they busy? Weren’t they busy?
32

L0GIC - ONLY BEFORE STATUS

CH - Characters Έ I WE Y0U THEY HE SHE IT NAMES Ή
SKW SituaƟonal Key Word - had been
Thumb rule - All - (I We You They He She It Name) + had been

Rule of ‘Not’ - double words SKW - not will appear in between the keywords
- had not been

Rule of Character in Questions - Double words SKW -character will appear in between the keywords
Had I been / Had we been / Had you been / Had they been

Had he been/ Had she been/ Had it been/ Had Tom been

Zones Before Now Later

represents the status
×
represents continuous status

Daddy Chart A CH + SKW + C + Info NA CH + SKW + Not + C + Info

Q SKW + CH + C + Info ? NQ SKW + n’t + CH + C + Info ?

Daddy
Chart I We You They He She It Names + I We You They He She It Names +
ApplicaƟon had been + C had not been + C
for only
before I had been busy I had not been busy
status We had been busy We had not been busy
A You had been busy NA You had not been busy
(condiƟon) They had been busy They had not been busy
He had been busy He had not been busy
She had been busy She had not been busy
It had been busy It had not been busy
Tom had been busy Tom had not been busy

MTP
Had + CH + been + C ? Hadn’t + CH + been + C ?

Had I been busy? Hadn’t I been busy?

Had we been busy? Hadn’t we been busy?
Had you been busy? Had’t you been busy?
Q NQ
Had they been busy? Hadn’t they been busy?
Had he been busy? Hadn’t he been busy?
Had she been busy? Hadn’t she been busy?
Had it been busy? Hadn’t it been busy?
Had Tom been busy? Hadn’t Tom been busy?
 33

L0GIC - A LATER STATUS

CH - Characters Έ I WE Y0U THEY HE SHE IT NAMES Ή
SKW SituaƟonal Key Word - will be
Thumb rule - All - (I We You They He She It Name) + will be

Rule of ‘Not’ - Double words SKW - not will appear in between the keywords
- will not be

Rule of Character in Questions - Double word SKW -character will appear in between the keywords
Will I be / Will we be / Will you be / Will they be / Will he be / Will she be / Will it be / Will Tom be

Zones Before Now Later

represents the status

represents continuous status

Daddy Chart A CH + SKW + C + Info NA CH + SKW + Not + C + Info

Q SKW + CH + C + Info ? NQ SKW + n’t + CH + C + Info ?

Daddy Chart
ApplicaƟon for I We You They He She It Names I We You They He She It Names + will
a later status + will be + C not be + C
(condiƟon)
I will be busy I will not be busy
He will be busy He will not be busy
She will be busy She will not be busy
A NA
It will be busy It will not be busy
Tom will be busy Tom will not be busy
We will be busy We will not be busy
You will be busy You will not be busy
They will be busy They will not be busy

MTP
Will + CH + be + C? Won’t + CH + be + C?

Will I be busy? Won’t I be busy?

Will we be busy? Won’t we be busy?
Will you be busy? Won’t you be busy?
Q Will they be busy? NQ Won’t they be busy?
Will he be busy? Won’t he be busy?
Will she be busy? Won’t she be busy?
Will it be busy? Won’t it be busy?
Will Tom be busy? Won’t Tom be busy?
34

L0GIC - A STATUS WHICH IS POSSIBLE LATER

CH - Characters Έ I WE Y0U THEY HE SHE IT NAMES Ή
SKW SituaƟonal Key Word - Can be
Thumb rule - All - (I We You They He She It Name) + can be

Rule of ‘Not’ - Double words SKW - not will appear in between the keywords
- cannot be

Rule of Character in Questions - Double word SKW -character will appear in between the keywords
Can I be / Can we be / Can you be / Can they be / Can he be / Can she be / Can it be / Can Tom be

Zones Before Now Later

represents the status

represents continuous status

Daddy Chart A CH + SKW + C + Info NA CH + SKW + Not + C + Info

Q SKW + CH + C + Info ? NQ SKW + n’t + CH + C + Info ?

Daddy Chart
Application I We You They He She It Names I We You They He She It Names
for a possible + can be + C + cannot be + C
later status
(condition) I can be busy I cannot be busy
We can be busy We cannot be busy
You can be busy You cannot be busy
A They can be busy NA They cannot be busy
He can be busy He cannot be busy
She can be busy She cannot be busy
It can be busy It cannot be busy
Tom can be busy Tom cannot be busy

MTP
Can + CH + be + C? Can’t + CH + be + C?

Can I be busy? Can’t I be busy?

Can we be busy? Can’t we be busy?
Can you be busy? Can’t you be busy?
Q NQ
Can they be busy? Can’t they be busy?
Can he be busy? Can’t he be busy?
Can she be busy? Can’t she be busy?
Can it be busy? Can’t it be busy?
Can Tom be busy? Can’t Tom be busy?
 35

L0GIC - A STATUS WHICH WAS POSSIBLE BEFORE

CH - Characters Έ I WE Y0U THEY HE SHE IT NAMES Ή
SKW SituaƟonal Key Word - Could be
Thumb rule - All - (I We You They He She It Name) + could be

Rule of ‘Not’ - Double words SKW - not will appear in between the keywords
- could not be

Rule of Character in Questions - Double word SKW -character will appear in between the keyword
Could I be / Could we be / Could you be / Could they be / Could he be / Could she be / Could it be /
Could Tom be

Zones Before Now Later

represents the status

represents continuous status

Daddy Chart A CH + SKW + C + Info NA CH + SKW + Not + C + Info

Q SKW + CH + C + Info ? NQ SKW + n’t + CH + C + Info ?

Daddy Chart
Application for I We You They He She It Names
a was possible
+ could be + C
before status
(condition) I could be busy
We could be busy
A You could be busy
They could be busy
He could be busy
She could be busy
It could be busy
Tom could be busy
I We You They He She It Names +
could not be + C
I could not be busy
We could not be busy
NA You could not be busy
They could not be busy
He could not be busy
She could not be busy
It could not be busy
Tom could not be busy

MTP
Could + CH + be + C? Couldn’t + CH + be + C?

Could I be busy? Couldn’t I be busy?

Could we be busy?
Could you be busy?
Q Could they be busy?
Could he be busy?
Could she be busy?
Could it be busy?
Could Tom be busy?
Couldn’t we be busy?
Couldn’t you be busy?
NQ Couldn’t they be busy?
Couldn’t he be busy?
Couldn’t she be busy?
Couldn’t it be busy?
Couldn’t Tom be busy?
36

L0GIC - AN ORDER OR REQUEST

CH - Characters Έ I WE Y0U THEY HE SHE IT NAME Ή
SKW SituaƟonal Key Word - Should + be
Thumb rule - All - (I We You They He She It Name) + should be

Rule of ‘Not’ - Double words SKW - not will appear in between the keywords
- should not be

Rule of Character in Questions - Double word SKW -character will appear in between the keywords
Should I be / Should we be / Should you be / Should they be / Should he be / Should she be / Should it
be / Should Tom be

Zones Before Now Later

represents the status

represents continuous status

Daddy Chart A CH + SKW + C + Info NA CH + SKW + Not + C + Info

Q SKW + CH + C + Info NQ SKW + n’t + CH + C + Info

Daddy Chart
ApplicaƟon I We You They He She It Names
for an order + should be + C
or request
(condiƟon) I should be busy
We should be busy
A You should be busy
They should be busy
He should be busy
She should be busy
It should be busy
Tom should be busy
I We You They He She It Names +
should not be + C
I should not be busy
We should not be busy
NA You should not be busy
They should not be busy
He should not be busy
She should not be busy
It should not be busy
Tom should not be busy

MTP
Should + CH + be + C? Shouldn’t + CH + be + C ?

Should I be busy? Shouldn’t I be busy?

Should we be busy? Shouldn’t we be busy?
Should you be busy? Shouldn’t you be busy?
Q NQ
Should they be busy? Shouldn’t they be busy?
Should he be busy? Shouldn’t he be busy?
Should she be busy? Shouldn’t she be busy?
Should it be busy? Shouldn’t it be busy?
Should Tom be busy? Shouldn’t Tom be busy?
 37

L0GIC - A DOUBT GUESS

CH - Characters Έ I WE Y0U THEY HE SHE IT NAMES Ή
SKW SituaƟonal Key Word - Might have been / May have been
Thumb rule - All - (I We You They He She It Name) + might have been / may have been

Rule of ‘Not’ - Multiple words SKW - not will appear in between the first and second part of the
keywords

- might not have been / may not have been

For questions in this logic (situation) use would have been as SKW

Rule of Character in Questions - Multiple words SKW - not will appear in between the first and
second part of the keywords
Would I have been / Would we have been / Would you have been / Would they have been
Would he have been / Would she have been / Would it have been / Would Tom have been

Zones Before Now Later

represents the status

represents continuous status

Daddy Chart A CH + SKW + C + Info NA CH + SKW + Not + C + Info

Q SKW + CH + C + Info ? NQ SKW + n’t + CH + C + Info ?

Daddy
Chart I We You They He She It Names +
ApplicaƟon might / may + have been + C
for a doubt
guess about I might /may have been busy
a status We might /may have been busy
A You might /may have been busy
(condiƟon) They might /may have been busy
He might /may have been busy
She might /may have been busy
It might /may have been busy
Tom might /may have been busy
I We You They He She It Names +
might not /may not + have been + C
I might not /may not have been busy
We might not /may not have been busy
NA You might not /may not have been busy
They might not /may not have been busy
He might not /may not have been busy
She might not /may not have been busy
It might not /may not have been busy
Tom might not /may not have been busy

MTP
Would + CH + have + been + C? Wouldn’t + CH + have + been + C?

Would I have been busy? Wouldn’t I have been busy?

Would we have been busy?
Would you have been busy?
Q NQ
Would they have been busy?
Would he have been busy?
Would she have been busy?
Would it have been busy?
Would Tom have been busy?
Wouldn’t we have been busy?
Wouldn’t you have been busy?
Wouldn’t they have been busy?
Wouldn’t he have been busy?
Wouldn’t she have been busy?
Wouldn’t it have been busy?
Wouldn’t Tom have been busy?
38

L0GIC - A SURE GUESS

CH - Characters Έ I WE Y0U THEY HE SHE IT NAME Ή
SKW SituaƟonal Key Word - would have been / must have been
Thumb rule - All - (I We You They He She It Name) + would have been / must have been

Rule of ‘Not’ - Multiple words SKW - not will appear in between the first and second part of the
keywords

- would not have been / must not have been

For questions in this logic (situation) use would have been as SKW

Rule of Character in Questions - Multiple words SKW - not will appear in between the first and
second part of the keywords
Would I have been / Would we have been / Would you have been / Would they have been
Would he have been / Would she have been / Would it have been / Would Tom have been

Zones Before Now Later

represents the status

represents continuous status

Daddy Chart A CH + SKW + C + Info NA CH + SKW + Not + C + Info

Q SKW + CH + C + Info NQ SKW + n’t + CH + C + Info

Daddy
Chart I We You They He She It Names +
ApplicaƟon would have /must have + been + C
for a sure
guess about I would /must have been busy
a status We would /must have been busy
You would /must have been busy
(condiƟon) A
They would /must have been busy
NA
He would /must have been busy
She would /must have been busy
It would /must have been busy
Tom would /must have been busy
I We You They He She It Names +
would not have /must not not have +
been + C
I would not/ must not have been busy
We would not/ must not have been busy
You would not/ must not have been busy
They would not/ must not have been busy
He would not/ must not have been busy
She would not/ must not have been busy
It would not/ must not have been busy
Tom would not/ must not have been busy

MTP
Would + CH + have + been + C? Wouldn’t + CH + have + been + C?

Would I have been busy? Wouldn’t I have been busy?

Would we have been busy?
Q Would you have been busy?
Would they have been busy?
Would he have been busy?
Would she have been busy?
Would it have been busy?
Would Tom have been busy?
Wouldn’t we have been busy?
NQ Wouldn’t you have been busy?
Wouldn’t they have been busy?
Wouldn’t he have been busy?
Wouldn’t she have been busy?
Wouldn’t it have been busy?
Wouldn’t Tom have been busy?
 39

L0GIC - A SUGGESTION OR AN OPINION

CH - Characters Έ I WE Y0U THEY HE SHE IT NAME Ή
SKW SituaƟonal Key Word - Should have been
Thumb rule - All - (I We You They He She It Name) + should have been

Rule of ‘Not’ - Multiple words SKW - not will appear in between the first and second part of the
keywords

- should not have been

Rule of Character in Questions - Multiple words SKW - not will appear in between the first and
second part of the keywords

Should I have been / Should we have been / Should you have been / Should they have been

Should he have been / Should she have been / Should it have been / Should Tom have been

Zones Before Now Later

represents the status

represents continuous status

Daddy Chart A CH + SKW + C + Info NA CH + SKW + Not + C + Info

Q SKW + CH + C + Info ? NQ SKW + n’t + CH + C + Info ?

Daddy
Chart I We You They He She It Names + I We You They He She It Names +
ApplicaƟon should have been + C should not have been + C
for a
suggesƟon I should have been busy I should not have been busy
or an We should have been busy We should not have been busy
A You should have been busy NA You should not have been busy
opinion They should have been busy They should not have been busy
about a He should have been busy He should not have been busy
status She should have been busy She should not have been busy
(condiƟon) It should have been busy It should not have been busy
Tom should have been busy Tom should not have been busy

MTP
Should + CH + have + been + C? Shouldn’t + CH + have + been + C?

Should I have been busy? Shouldn’t I have been busy?

Should we have been busy?
Should you have been busy?
Q NQ
Should they have been busy?
Should he have been busy?
Should she have been busy?
Should it have been busy?
Should Tom have been busy?
Shouldn’t we have been busy?
Shouldn’t you have been busy?
Shouldn’t they have been busy?
Shouldn’t he have been busy?
Shouldn’t she have been busy?
Shouldn’t it have been busy?
Shouldn’t Tom have been busy?