B.

Establishment of Land Aeolian Processes

1) Erosion by wind

Wind erode the Earth's surface through deflation, eddy turbulence and abrasion.

1. Deflation (deflation)

Deflation process is the movement of winds carrying rock material, in the form of fine dust,
sand, and coarse material and weight. This process often occurs in an area which is where the
accumulation of sand, for example in a small basin or on the dunes. Deflation tends to cause
terbentuknyaa new formations in the area of depression. Compared with water erosion or river
opposite situation, water erosion in areas of high berelief very strong, whereas wind erosion /
deflation in the basin / basin is very strong.

Deflation can only occur after experiencing rock material leaching and then taken to a place that
is now significantly lower. The material deposited is generally in the form of fine grains
sehinnga easily menglami deflation.

2. Korasi (corrasion)

Korasi wind can cause some form or landscape very broad. His movement can only occur near
the soil surface. This happens because the wind can not transport the sand to a higher level.

Based on its work korasi can be distinguished:

a. Polishing and pitting

Wind movement that brings / is called by polishing with sand, winds carrying sand movement
has the ability to pierce the rock, the ability to perforate the rock is called pitting.

b. Grooving and shaping

Rocks that have been perforated as a result of pitting strength will continue to experience the
process of forming a hole so that the increasingly large and deep. Perforate process continuously
so that a large and deep hole called grooving.

Rock big holes are then transformed into cracked and pieces. The process of shards and pieces is
called shaping.

c. Faceting

Rocks that have been transformed into pieces smaller. The process of change rocks into smaller
fragments called faceting.
Korasi speed of the rock mass in arid areas depend on the level of rock hardness and strength of
the wind itself.

2) Transportation by Wind

Rock material that is transported by the wind is delicate materials, such as dust. This fine
material will be blown up to a place far enough. The types of transport of the material by the
wind movement is:

1. Suspension (suspension)

A vertical movement of winds capable of transporting materials to a more refined further. This
movement is not large role in transporting the sand because of the ability to transport up sangnt
limited.

By the time the wind carrying dust is sometimes accompanied by turbuler movement. The wind
speed is not always fixed but always had a variation of short period, causing the wind pressure.
This air pressure causes the air to rotate in any direction, air rotation in all directions is what can
lead to suspension movement.

2. Saltasi (saltation)

Ie jumping movement granular material caused by the collision and reflection sand-laden wind.
Saltasi movement is directly caused by the wind pressure against the grain of sand, sand in the
wind generally have saltasi movement.

3. creep surface (surface crep)

Creep movement caused by the collision surface granular material by saltasi movement. The
occurrence of this collision granular material on a regular basis, but sometimes also scattered
into fragments fall on top of the sand. Because of this conflict of granular materials into a slow
movement which later became creep permukaan.Kadang sometimes winds carrying dust or sand
moves spinning like a spiral, the movement is called the dust storm.

3) Precipitation by Wind

This deposition process occurs when grains which have been carried by the wind before falling
after the movement becomes slow. In addition to its speed becomes slow, precipitation may also
occur because of grain carried by the wind to clash against the surface of this incident as a result
of the process saltasi and soil creep. If the grain does not hit the surface and keep the wind, then
the granules will undergo a movement along the surface to find a place to settle, usually stops in
the form of the basin. Form a precipitate of the process is not flat or smooth but bumpy. After the
sediment grain-butirabn clump together into a new form of land.

C. Forms of Land Aeolian Results

1) Form of Land Wind Erosion Results

1. Desert pavement (pebble armor)

Ie surfaces consisting of gravel rocks and gravel in the desert, as a result of fine materials
experiencing deflation.

\ 2. Blow out,

Basin in desert areas as a result of deflation on the material results in surface weathering sized
smooth.

3. Ventifact  

Surface rocks were flattened because korasi, especially the delicate size (silt and clay) are carried
by the wind.
4. Dreikanter,

As ventifact but the shape of the pyramid because of the wind direction changing (from three
sides).
5. Groove  

An elongated grooves on the surface of the rock due to wind erosion.

6. Yardang

An elongated and parallel mountains (height <10m, the length -100m) thrive in soft rock area.

2) Forms Wind Precipitation Results

Wind activity in the precipitate material is influenced by wind speed, obstacles (rocks,
vegetation), and the material carried by the wind.

1. Loess  

Loess is the origin of the process eoline landform formed from material that is sized wind
deposition of dust by wind erosion that comes from the desert and in general is not layered.
Landform is likely also contains fine sand and clay. Materials like this loess cover 1/10 of the
land on earth. Loess is generally yellow with at least 60% -70% of dust-sized particles and
textured dusty loam or clay loam dusty. Loess tends to cracking on all the vertical field when
revealed by water erosion or human activity. As a result, many areas achieve a stable vertical
height of 6 m contained in loess area along the side of the valley and the excavation for the road.

1. 2. Deposition of sand, there are some types that are determined by the amount of sand
and vege tation:
 2. a. Sand sheet   is a thin stretch of sand that covers the area is relatively flat, the surface is
not bumpy.
3. b. Ripple (ripple) are deposits of sand surface is bumpy, height varies 1-500mm, length
of 50-300m. thick sand sediment surface is bumpy but larger ripple called undulation;
height up to 400m long and 4km called draa (Mcgadune).

c. Sand shadow, is a pile of sand behind an obstacle, such as a bush - a bush / rock.

d. Sand is a pile of sand fall below the cliff or escarpment.

e. Sand drifts that pile of sand at a gap / gaps between the two barriers.

Sand dunes are mounds of hills or igir of wind blown sand. Sand dunes can be found in areas that
have sand as the main material, high wind speeds to erode and transport the sand-sized grains,
and ground to a sand deposition, usually formed in the arid (dry).

Sand dunes tend to be formed with a cross section of no symmetry. If no sand dune stabilization
by vegetation tends to shift toward wind blows, it is because the grains of sand blown from the
front to the back of the dunes. Movement sandbanks are generally less than 30 meters per year.

Form sandbanks vary depending on factors the number and size of grains of sand, the strength
and direction of wind, and the state of vegetation. Form sandbanks subject that needs to be
known is the form of transverse (transverse), sickle (barchan), parabolic (parabolic), and extends
(longitudinal dune).

In general, there is a sand dune in the area:

1. Have the sand as the main material.

2. The high wind speed, to erode and transport the sand-sized grains.

3. Surface of land available for deposition of sand.

In addition there is also a sand dune in:

1. beach sand beach with the wind.

2. Near the river are essentially sand.

3. Areas that have a dry season.

4. desert area that experienced the destruction of rocks.

5. Deposition of glacial and glacial sandy lake bottom.

Broadly speaking, there are two types of sand dunes, which is free dunes (formed without any
barrier) and impedeed Dunes (formed due to the existence of a barrier.

Some types of sand dunes:

 Type Barchan sand dunes (dunes barchanoid)

Sand dunes resembles a crescent moon and formed in areas that do not have a barrier.
The amount of area facing slope more gentle breeze compared to the slope areas that
turned winds, so that when the cross-section made no symmetry. Barchan sand dune
height generally between 5-15 meters. This sand dune is a development, because eolin
process is hindered by the presence of some plants, forming sandbanks like this and the
area facing the wind more gentle than the slope areas that turned winds.
 Sand dunes Transverse (transverse dune)

The sand dunes are formed in regions which do not berpenghalang and lots of sand reserves.
Shape resembles a sand dune transverse waves and perpendicular to the wind direction. Initially,
the sand dunes may be only a few, then due process of continuous eolin then formed another
section and became a colony. Sand dunes will develop into a crescent when the supply of sand is
reduced.

 Sand dunes Parabolic

Sand dunes are almost the same with barchan sand dunes but the difference is the direction of the
wind. Parabolic sand dunes in dealing with the arrival of the wind direction. Initially, perhaps
sand dunes and cross-shaped hill, but because the supply of sand is reduced then the sand dunes
constantly eroded by the wind to form a crescent with the side facing into the wind steep.

 Sand dunes Aft (linear dune)

Sand dunes are elongated sandbanks which are straight and parallel to each other. Direction of
the sand dunes in the direction of the wind movement. Sandbanks is growing due to changes in
wind direction and the presence of a gap between the initial formation of sand dunes, so that the
existing gap continuously eroded so that it becomes wider and elongated.

 Sand dunes in Star (star dune)

Sand dune sand dune star is formed as a result of wind in various directions collide. Notching
originally a hill-shaped and surrounding plains, so the process will first eolin focussed on this hill
with the wind coming from different angles so that it will form a new landforms like a star. This
form will disappear after the formation of new formations around it.

 Type Impedeed Dunes

a) Blowout

Form: There are land cover (eg vegetation) around the basin. Formed because of local deflation.
b) Echo dunes

The edge that extends, apart from establishment penghalang.Proses topography: the
accumulation zone perputara As a rare phenomenon

Sandbanks have a very important ecological functions. There are 3 places with abundant water
reserves that is, the area between two young volcano, Regional rocky limestone and coastal
areas. Sandy area like this has the ability to pass high water so as to provide water supply for the
people of the southern coast. Besides the presence of sand dunes (sand dunes) may dampen the
blow of the tsunami, the disaster vulnerability on the south coast of Java. So the presence of
sandbanks tsunami risk can be reduced. n the wind flow because the barrier zone.

Loess
Loess is the origin of the process eoline landform formed from material that is sized wind
deposition of dust by wind erosion that comes from the desert and in general is not layered.
Landform is likely also contains fine sand and clay. Materials like this loess cover 1/10 of the
land on earth. Loess is generally yellow with at least 60% -70% of dust-sized particles and
textured dusty loam or clay loam dusty. Loess tends to cracking on all the vertical field when
revealed by water erosion or human activity. As a result, many areas achieve a stable vertical
height of 6 m contained in loess area along the side of the valley and the excavation for the road.