LANDSCAPE Eolian

Erosion by wind can be divided into two kinds, namely deflation and abrasion or korasi.

Deflation is the loss of land and small particles of rock transported and carried by the wind. While abrasion is the
process of grinding the rocks and other surfaces by particles carried by the wind flow.

Transport by Wind

Means of transport by the wind basically the same as the means of transport by air, which is floating (suspesion) and
shifts in surface (traction).

In general, fine particles (dust) was taken in drift and measuring sand brought in shifts on the surface (traction).
Transportation in traction include jump (saltation) and rolling (rolling).

Precipitation by wind

If the power of the wind that carries the material is reduced or if it rains, then the materials (sand and dust) will be
deposited.

Judging from the process of formation, landscape eolian can be grouped into two, namely:

1. landscape as a result of erosion by wind

2. landscape as a result of the deposition process by the wind.

The process of erosion by wind can be divided into two, namely deflation and abrasion. Landscape caused by
erosion process is also divided into two, namely deflation process results landscapes and landforms result of
abrasion process.

The landscape of the results of the deflation process is divided into 3 (three), namely:

1. Basin deflation (deflation basin)

2. Lag gravel
3. Desert varnish

a. Basin deflation (deflation basin)

Deflation basin is a basin caused by wind in areas of soft and unconsolidated or materials cemented ugly. The basin
formed by the material that is moved by the wind to other places. Examples of this basin are in the Gobi Desert,
which is formed by the rocks have been broken down by the weathering. This basin has a size of between 300
meters to more than 45 kilometers in length, and from 15 meters to 150 meters deep.

b. Lag gravel

Deflation against dust and sand that is left is a coarse material (granule, pebble, and the fragments are large), called
lagstone. Accumulation like that in a long time can be a lot and be lag-gravel or even as desert pavement, where the
remnants of the fragments relate to one another close together.

c. Desert varnish
Some lagstone thin, shiny, black or brown and the surface is covered with iron oxide, known as desert varnish.

The phenomenon of abrasion or korasi process results:

1. Bevelad stone
2. Polish
3. Grooves
4. Sculpturing (Decking)

a. Bevelad stone

Some leftover rock generated by wind abrasion containing sand will form einkanter or dreikanter which in English
is called single edge or three edge. Einkanter formed from the intersection of the pebble which has a permanent
establishment in wind direction which is fixed (constant). Dreikanter formed from the intersection of the pebble that
position overturned due to the destruction on the bottom with the wind direction is fixed or can be caused by wind
direction changing to pebble which has fixed position so as to form a surface lot.

b. Polish

Polish was formed in rocks that have a fine grain size scoured by wind-containing sand (sand blast) or containing silt
(silt blast), which has a weak force, so that the result will be more shiny, for example in quartzite, due to erosion by
abrasion will be shiny.

c. Grooves

Wind-containing sand can also scrub and sweep the rock surface to form a groove known as grooves. In dry areas,
grooves so it's very clear. The grooves show appearance that is parallel to the side very clearly.

d. sculpturing (Decking)

Many different forms of topography caused by a combination of wind weathering and abrasion. Including here is
batujamur (mushroom rock), the stone eroded by the wind which contains sand, so that its shape resembles a fungus
(mushroom)

Precipitation Wind Landscape Results

Dune is a heap that can move or migrate, the shape is not influenced by the shape of the surface or obstacle
(badhold, 1923, in Thornbury, 1964).

This dune types according Hace (1941, in Thornbury, 1964), classified into three, namely:

a. transverse dune

Transverse dune is a ridge-shaped sand ridge extends perpendicularly to the dominant wind direction. This form
factor is not dipengarahi by vegetation.

b. Parabollic dune
Parabollic dune is a dune-shaped shovel / spoon or parabolic. This form because it is influenced by the presence of
vegetation.

c. Longitudinal dune

Longitudinal dune is a ridge-formed sand ridge extends parallel to the dominant wind direction. Rapid sand material
transported by the wind relatively fixed.

Dune classification according Emmon's (1960)

According Emmon's (1960), dune forms may vary, depending on the amount of sand accretion, deposition on soil,
vegetation blocking and wind direction are fixed.

Based on these things, then the dune types are classified into:

a. Lee dune (sand drift)

Lee dune or sand driff is dune growing elongated, a ridge of sand narrow are behind rocks rocks or vegetation.
Dune has a permanent establishment, but with the addition of the amount of sand that much, it can also be a kind of
dune that moves from the tip driff sand.

b. Longitudinal dune

Longitudinal dune has a longitudinal direction in the direction of the wind effective and dominant. The formation
because the wind was restrained by grass or small trees. Sometimes shaped like the slopes of a valley.

c. Barchan

Barchan formed in open areas, not limited by topography or vegetation where the wind direction is always fixed,
and the addition of sand is limited and is above the bedrock solid. Barchan is a comma-shaped, with a gentle slope
on the outside, and has a peak and wing.

d. Seif

Seif is a longitudinal barchan dune shaped with one arm much longer due to the wind speed is stronger in the long
arm. For example in the Arabian Sword, seif Associated with and contrasts between barchan barchan be seif.
Change another example of becoming lee seif dune.

e. transverse Dune

Transverse dune formed in the region with the addition of a lot of dry sand, the wind blows constantly, for example
along the beach. Sand a lot of it will be a heap of sand in the form of a ridge or a row of ridge transverse to the
direction of the wind.

f. Complex dune

Conplek dune formed in the area with the wind changing, sand and vegetation rather a lot. Barchan, seif and
transverse dumne which are local-local will evolve to become full and there will be overlap so that it will lose the
forms of the original and will have a slope many kinds of. This condition is referred to as complex dune.
According to Emmons (1960, in Thornbury, 1969), this dune typically have a height of between 6 m to 20 m, but
some dune can reach a height of several tens of meters. While the move or migration speed varies depending on
environmental conditions. Usually no more than a few meters per year, but there is also a samp0ai 30 m per year.

Loess

The extensive area covered refined materials and off called loess. Some sediment Loess encountered in western
China has a thickness of up to several hundred meters, while in most other places loess sediment only reaches a few
meters away. Some sediment loess cover a very fertile area. Microscopic investigation showed that loess
berkomposisi angular particles, with a diameter less than 0.5 mm. Consists of quartz, feldspar, hornblende, and
mica. Most of the granules are in a state of fresh or newly exposed to weathering slightly. This appearance suggests
that the loess is the result of dust and silt sediment transported and deposited by wind.