Solutions 6(d) 1

Complete solutions to Exercise 6(d)

1. Similar to EXAMPLE 20. We have:
d
⎡⎣5te−5t ⎤⎦ = ⎡⎣5e−5t − 25te−5t ⎤⎦
dt
by (6.31)

= 5e −5t
[1 − 5t ] ( Factorizing )
2. Substituting C = 1× 10 and v = (t + 1)e −1000t ( remember 1× 10 = 1000 ) into i
−6 3

gives:
i = (1× 10−6 ) ⎡⎣( t + 1) e −1000t ⎤⎦
d
dt
= (1×10−6 ) ⎡⎣e −1000t − 1000 ( t + 1) e −1000t ⎤⎦
by (6.31)

= (1×10−6 ) [1 − 1000t − 1000] e −1000t ( Opening Brackets )

= − (1× 10−6 ) [999 + 1000t ] e −1000t
d
⎡t sin ( t ) ⎤⎦ = 1.sin ( t ) + t cos ( t ) = sin ( t ) + t cos ( t )
dt ⎣
3. (a)
by (6.31)
du dv 1
(b) Let u = x, = 1 and v = ln ( x ), = . Substituting these into (6.31) gives:
dx dx x
d 1
⎡⎣ x ln ( x ) ⎤⎦ = 1.ln ( x ) + x.
dx x
= ln ( x ) + 1
(c) Let u = θ , u′ = 1 and v = e θ , v ′ = eθ . Using (6.31) gives
d
dθ
(θ eθ ) = 1.eθ + θ eθ = eθ (1 + θ ) [Factorizing]
(d) Using (6.31)
d u
⎡⎣ e sin ( u ) ⎤⎦ = eu sin ( u ) + eu cos ( u )
du
= eu ⎡⎣sin ( u ) + cos ( u ) ⎤⎦ ( Factorizing )
(e) By using (4.53) we have
1
sin(α )cos(α ) = sin (2α )
2
So
d d ⎡1 ⎤
⎡⎣sin (α ) cos (α ) ⎤⎦ = ⎢ sin ( 2α ) ⎥
dα dα ⎣ 2 ⎦
1 d 1
= ⎡⎣sin ( 2α ) ⎤⎦ = ⎡⎣ 2 cos ( 2α ) ⎤⎦ = cos ( 2α )
2 dα 2
du dv
(f) Let u = q and v =1 + q . Then = 1 and = 1.
dq dq

(4.53) 2sin( A) cos( A) = sin (2A )

′
(6.31) (uv ) = u ′v + uv′
 Solutions 6(d) 2

Substituting these into (6.32) gives:

d ⎛ q ⎞ 1. (1 + q ) − q.1
⎜ ⎟=
dq ⎝ 1 + q ⎠ (1 + q )
2

1+ q − q
=
(1 + q )
2

1
=
(1 + q )
2

(g) Let u = cos(a), u′ = − sin(a) and v = 1 + sin(a ), v ′ = cos(a )

Substituting these into (6.32) gives
d ⎡ cos ( a ) ⎤ − sin ( a ) . ⎡⎣1 + sin ( a ) ⎤⎦ − cos ( a ) .cos ( a )
⎢ ⎥=
da ⎣1 + sin ( a ) ⎦ ⎡⎣1 + sin ( a ) ⎤⎦
2

− sin ( a ) − sin 2 ( a ) − cos 2 ( a )

=
⎡⎣1 + sin ( a ) ⎤⎦
2

− sin ( a ) − ⎡⎣sin 2 ( a ) + cos 2 ( a ) ⎤⎦

=
⎡⎣1 + sin ( a ) ⎤⎦
2

− sin ( a ) − 1 − ⎡⎣1 + sin ( a ) ⎤⎦ 1

= = =− ( Cancelling )
⎡⎣1 + sin ( a ) ⎤⎦
2
⎡⎣1 + sin ( a ) ⎤⎦
2
1 + sin ( a )
(h) Let u = e , u ′ = e and v = cos(z), v ′ = − sin(z):
z z

by (6.7)
Substituting these into (6.32) gives
d ⎡ e z ⎤ e cos ( z ) − e . ⎡⎣ − sin ( z ) ⎤⎦
z z

⎢ ⎥=
dz ⎣ cos ( z ) ⎦ ⎡⎣cos ( z ) ⎤⎦
2

e z ⎡⎣ cos ( z ) + sin ( z ) ⎤⎦
=
cos 2 ( z )
1
(i) Let u = M , u ′ = 3M
3 2
and v = ln ( M ) , v′ =
by (6.9) M

Substituting into (6.31):

d 1
⎡⎣ M 3 ln ( M ) ⎤⎦ = 3M 2 ln ( M ) + M 3
dM M
= 3M ln ( M ) + M = M 2 ( 3ln ( M ) + 1)
2 2
[ Factorizing ]

′
(6.7) ⎡⎣ cos ( x ) ⎤⎦ = − sin ( x )
′ 1
(6.9) ⎡⎣ ln ( x ) ⎤⎦ =
x
′
(6.31) ( uv ) = u ′v + uv′
′
⎛ u ⎞ u ′v − uv′
(6.32) ⎜ ⎟ =
⎝v⎠ v2
 Solutions 6(d) 3

(j) Let u = β , u′ = 2β and v = sin(β ), v′ = cos(β ). Applying (6.32) gives:

2

d ⎛ β 2 ⎞ 2β sin ( β ) − β 2 cos ( β )
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ =
dβ ⎝ sin ( β ) ⎠ ( sin β )
2

β ⎡⎣ 2sin ( β ) − β cos ( β ) ⎤⎦
=
sin 2 β
(k) Let u = h then u′ = 1 and v = 1 + h = (1 + h )
2 2 12

1 h
v ′ = (1 + h ) . 2/ h =
2 −1 2

(1 + h2 )
12
2/
Using (6.32)
(1 + h2 ) − h.h2 1 2
12

d ⎛ h ⎞
=
(1 + h )
⎜ ⎟
⎡(1 + h 2 )1 2 ⎤
2
dh ⎝ 1 + h 2 ⎠
⎣⎢ ⎦⎥
(1 + h ) (1 + h ) − h ⎡ Multiplying by 1 + h
2 12 2 12 2

= ⎢⎣ ( ) 2 12 ⎤
⎥⎦
(1 + h )(1 + h )
2 2 12

(1 + h ) − h = 1
2 2

= [Simplfying Numerator ]
( h)
1 + 2 32
( h)
1 + 2 32

1 cos ( J )
(l) Let u = J , u ′ = 1 and v = ln ⎡⎣sin ( J ) ⎤⎦ , v′ = .cos ( J ) = = cot ( J )
sin ( J ) sin ( J )
d
dJ
{
J ln ⎡⎣sin ( J ) ⎤⎦ } = 1.ln ⎡⎣sin ( J ) ⎤⎦ + J .cot ( J )
by (6.31)

= ln ⎡⎣sin ( J ) ⎤⎦ + J cot ( J )
(m) Let u = e then u′ = e and v = sin(2 ∑ ) then v ′ = 2cos(2 ∑ )
∑ ∑

Substituting u = e , u′ = e , v = sin(2 ∑ ) and v ′ = 2cos(2 ∑ ) into (6.31):

∑ ∑

d
⎡⎣e ∑ sin ( 2 ∑ ) ⎤⎦ = e∑ sin ( 2 ∑ ) + e ∑ . ⎡⎣ 2 cos ( 2 ∑ ) ⎤⎦
d∑
= e∑ ⎡⎣sin ( 2 ∑ ) + 2 cos ( 2 ∑ ) ⎤⎦ ( Factorizing )
(n) Let u = (Z + 1) ( Z − 1) then
d ⎡⎛ Z + 1 ⎞ ⎤ d
12
1 du
⎢⎜ ⎟ ⎥= ⎡⎣u1 2 ⎤⎦ = u −1 2 (*)
dZ ⎢⎣⎝ Z − 1 ⎠ ⎥⎦ dZ 2 dZ
du
We need to find . How?
dZ
du (1)⋅ (Z − 1) − (Z + 1)⋅ (1) −2
Using the quotient rule we have = =
dZ (Z − 1) 2
(Z − 1)2

′
(6.31) ( uv ) = u ′v + uv′
′ u ′v − uv′
(6.32) (u v ) = 2
v
 Solutions 6(d) 4

Substituting into (*) gives:

d ⎡⎛ Z + 1 ⎞ ⎤ 1 −1 2 −2/
12

⎢⎜ ⎟ ⎥= u
dZ ⎢⎣⎝ Z − 1 ⎠ ⎥⎦ 2/ ( Z − 1)
2

−1 2
⎛ Z +1⎞ 1
= −⎜ ⎟ .
⎝ Z −1 ⎠ ( Z − 1)
2

( Z + 1) ⎡ ( Z + 1) ⎤
−1 2 −1 2 −1 2
⎛ Z +1 ⎞
=− ⎢ Writing ⎜ ⎟ = −1 2 ⎥
( Z − 1) ( Z − 1) ( Z − 1) ⎥⎦
−1 2
⎝ Z −1 ⎠
2
⎢⎣

1 ⎡ 1 ⎤
⎢ Writing ( Z + 1) =
−1 2
=− 12 ⎥
( Z + 1) ( Z − 1) ( Z + 1) ⎥⎦
12 32
⎢⎣
1 1
=− =−
( Z + 1) ( Z − 1) ( Z + 1)( Z − 1)
3 3

d
(o) How do we find
d∑
[
∑ e sin(5∑) ?
∑
]
Need to use the product rule (6.31). Let u = ∑ e ∑ and v = sin(5 ∑ ).
du dv
To use (6.31) we need to find and .
d∑ d∑
dv
= 5cos ( 5 ∑ )
d ∑ by (6.12)
du
How do we find ?
d∑
Need to apply the product rule (6.31) to u = ∑ e ∑ . Hence
du
= 1.e + ∑ e = e (1 + ∑ ) [Factorizing]
∑ ∑ ∑

d∑
Using the product rule on the original function with u = ∑ e ∑ , u′ = e Σ (1+ Σ) ,
v = sin(5 ∑ ) and v ′ = 5cos( 5Σ ) gives
d
⎡ ∑ .e ∑ sin ( 5 ∑ ) ⎦⎤ = e ∑ (1 + ∑ ) ⋅ sin ( 5 ∑ ) + ∑ e ∑ ⋅ 5cos ( 5 ∑ )
d∑⎣
= e ∑ ⎡⎣(1 + ∑ ) sin ( 5 ∑ ) + 5 ∑ cos ( 5 ∑ ) ⎤⎦
factorizing e ∑

⎛ δ 2 +1 ⎞
(p) ln ⎜ 2 ⎟ = ln (δ + 1) − ln (δ − 1)
2 2

⎝ δ − 1 ⎠ by (5.12)

⎛ A⎞
(5.12) ln ⎜ ⎟ = ln ( A ) − ln ( B )
⎝B⎠
′
(6.12) ⎡⎣sin ( kx ) ⎤⎦ = k cos ( kx )
′
(6.31) ( uv ) = u′v + uv′
 Solutions 6(d) 5

⎡ ln (δ 2 + 1) − ln (δ 2 − 1) ⎤ = 2 .2δ − 2 .2δ
d 1 1
dδ ⎣ ⎦ δ +1 δ −1
2δ 2δ
= 2 −
δ +1 δ 2 −1
2δ (δ 2 − 1) − 2δ (δ 2 + 1)
=
(δ 2 + 1)(δ 2 − 1)
2δ 3 − 2δ − 2δ 3 − 2δ
= [ Expanding Brackets]
δ 4 −1
−4δ
= 4 [Simplifying Numerator ]
δ −1
v = cos(ω t )
− kt
4. Let u=e
u′ = −ke −kt
v = −ω sin(ω t )
ds
= − ke − kt cos (ω t ) − e − ktω sin (ω t )
dt
= −e− kt ⎡⎣ k cos (ω t ) + ω sin (ω t ) ⎤⎦ ( Factorizing )