I. Complete the Table.

(20 points)

1. Autonomy Vs. Shame or doubt

2. Compulsiveness
3. Courage
4. Time for play or exploration
5. Narrow Virtuosity
6. Fanaticism
7. Generativity Vs. Stagnation
8. Overextension
9. Parenthood and work
10. Wisdom

II. Essay. You will be asked to construct a paragraph essay of 100

words (not limited) on a specific topic. Your score will be based on
your ability to express, organize, and support your opinions and
ideas.

1. Select one theory of development that we have discussed and explain

it thoroughly in your own words. (FREUD’S PSYCHOANALYTIC
THEORY; PIAGET’S STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT;
KOHLBERG’S STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT;
VYGOTSKY’S SOCIO-CULTURAL THEORY; and
BRONFENBRENNER’S ECOLOGICAL THEORY). (15 points)

FREUD’S PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY:

In my opinion, Freud’s psychoanalytic theory is all about the development of

our personality starting from birth which includes how we behave on each
stage of our development.

For instance, from our birth to 18 months, we undergo the oral stage which
means that as a baby, our erogenous zone is the mouth and we are focused
on sucking as our oral pleasure. This is also the time that our id would
emerge as part of our personality component. As a baby, the id works as a
way for us to let our parents know that we need something such as food and
attention. Individuals will also undergo the anal and phallic stage which is the
time that their ego would start to emerge. During this period, an individual
would already know how to deal with those things relating to reality. Then,
individuals will also experience the latency and genital stage later at the end
of their preschool years. And at the end of those stages, an individual will
now start to develop his/her superego or his/her conscience that allows
him/her to consider and differentiate the right between wrong.

Besides, Freud also tackled his 3 components of his topographical model

which are the conscious, subconscious or preconscious, and unconscious.
For me, the conscious means those mental activities that we know about and
those thoughts where we focus our attention at present. The subconscious or
preconscious for me is those things that we don’t know but we can be aware
of if we want to or we tried. And the last one is the unconscious which for me
is all about those things that we are unaware of and maybe would never be
aware of.

My takeaway for my thoughts about Freud’s psychoanalytic theories

mentioned above is the fact that he definitely transformed the world of
psychology as well as influence many psychologists today. Indeed, his
theories can help transform the way people would think about themselves as
well as other aspects of the world.

2. As a future teacher, why is it important to know these theories of

development and its processes? (15 points)

As a future teacher, it’s essential to know those theories of development and

its processes mentioned in our discussions because learning them thoroughly
will help me understand a child and adolescent’s physical, cognitive, and
socio-emotional development.

When I can finally start practicing my profession in the future, a solid

understanding of how these children would develop and learn in a given age
span can provide me a general framework in guiding myself in terms of
considering curriculum, preparing the learning environment, designing
learning experiences, and interacting with them. Those theories will also help
me in terms of planning the next steps to support my future students’
progress more effectively.

In that way, I’ll be able to know how I can effectively guide my future pupils or
students when it comes to how they can gain specific concepts, improve or
develop their abilities and skills, and grow as mature and independent
citizens.