Lecture 32 – Transformer Protection

Switchgear and Protection

(UEE603)
 Contents
• Course objective:
– To introduce the concept of protection system attributes,
– types of fuses,
– circuit breakers,
– earthing, relays, and
– various protection schemes.
• Protection Schemes:
– Overcurrent and Overvoltage protection of transmission lines,
– differential protection,
– transformer protection,
– Bus bar protection,
– distance protection of transmission line,
– carrier aided protection of transmission lines,
– generator protection,
– induction motor protection.
 Summary – Generator Protection
• Purpose of Generator Protection and Possible fault locations
• Stator Protection
– Phase fault - Differential protection
– Ground Fault – Restricted earth fault protection
– Turn to turn protection
• Rotor protection
– Rotor ground fault protection
– Open field winding
– Overheating of the field winding
• Abnormal operating conditions
– Over-heating protection
– Over-voltage protection
– Unbalanced current protection
– Loss of excitation protection
– Over-speed protection
– Protection against generator motoring
– Coolant failure protection
– Over-excitation protection
 Contents – Transformer Protection I
• Need of Transformer protection
• Types of Transformer protection
• Transformer faults
– External faults
– Internal faults
• Types of internal faults
– Incipient faults
– Active faults
• Protection against internal and external incipient
faults
Transformer Protection
Types of Transformer Protection
Transformer Protection
Types of internal faults
Fault Current
Consequences of Internal faults
Detection of internal faults
Detection of internal faults
 Summary – Transformer Protection I
• Need of Transformer protection
• Types of Transformer protection
• Transformer faults
– External faults
– Internal faults
• Types of internal faults
– Incipient faults
– Active faults
• Protection against internal and external incipient
faults