LEARNING TO BE A BETTER STUDENT:

 Bandura’s Self Efficacy

 Dweck’s Mindset
 Locke’s Goal Setting
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

 To understand why goal setting is important and the

right mindset is necessary.
 Be enlightened that without goal it is easy for student
to get lost in vast ocean of opportunities.
WHAT IS A
GOAL?
 GOAL

 something attained only by prolonged effort and

hardship
 aim, objective, target, intention
 You will not achieve your goals if you don’t take
certain actions to achieve them, and you surely will
not take the right actions if they are not needed to
achieve your goals.
 WHAT IS A
SELF-EFFICACY?
 SELF-EFFICACY

 Refers to an individual’s belief in his or her capacity

to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific
performance attainments (Bandura, 1977).
 Reflects confidence in the ability to exert control over
one’s own motivation, behavior, and social
environment.
 “In order to succeed, people need a
sense of self-efficacy, to struggle together
with resilience to meet the inevitable
obstacles and inequities of life”

-Albert Bandura
WHAT IS A MINDSET?
 MINDSET

 Our beliefs, ideas and attitudes about one’s self and

one’s most basic qualities: your intelligence, your
talents, your personality.
 Help us when we do things, especially when facing a
challenge.
“In a growth mindset, challenges are
exciting rather that threatening. So rather
than thinking, oh I’m going to reveal my
weakness, you say, wow, here a chance to
grow.”

-Carol Dweck
WHAT IS A

??
 GOAL-SETTING

 A powerful process for thinking about your ideal

future, and for motivating yourself to turn your vision
of this future into reality.

 Helps you choose where you want to go in life.

GOAL-SETTING IS IMPORTANT TO:

 Help you decide what you want to achieve in your

life.
 Distinguish what is important from what’s irrelevant.
 Motivate yourself.
 Build your self-confidence, based on successful
achievement of goals.
PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE GOAL-SETTING

 Clarity
 Challenge
 Commitment
 Feedback
 Task Complexity
CLARITY
Clear goals are measurable and unambiguous.
Clear and specific goals result in higher performance.
This is because measurable goals are move effective at
guiding action and behaviour.
CHALLENGE
Goals should be realistic and challenging. When
they are aware where the goal is directed and
anticipates accomplishment people are often motivated.
Rewards typically increase motivation it boost
enthusiasm and the drive to get the task done.
COMMITMENT
Goals must be understood and agreed upon if
they are to be effective. People are more likely to go
along if they feel they were part of creating the goal.
The concept of participative management lies on the
idea of involving the individual in setting goals and in
making decisions.
One version of SMART- for use when you are
working with someone else to set their goals- has A and
R stand for Agreed and Realistic instead of Attainable
and Relevant. Agreed goals lead to commitment.
FEEDBACK
Feedback provides opportunities to clarify
expectations, adjust goal difficulty, and gain
recognition. It’s important to provide benchmark
opportunities or targets, so individuals can determine
for themselves how they’re doing.
SMART goals are Measurable, and this ensures
that clear feedback can be provided.
TASK COMPEXITY
For goals that are highly complex, take special
consideration to ensure that the work doesn’t become
too overwhelming.
It’s therefore important to do the following:
 Give the person sufficient time to meet the goal or
improve performance.
 Provide enough time for the person to practice or
learn what is expected and required for success.
In order to keep people from being frustrated, goals
should be ATTAINABLE.
The whole point of goal setting is to facilitate
success.
SPECIFIC- has clearly defined targets

X I want to be in better shape.

√ I want to be able to run 5kms. next week.
MEASURABLE- has concrete criteria to measure
progress, has defined beginning and end.

X I want to do well in biology.

√ I want to get at least 80% in the Biology Midterm
Exam.
ATTAINABLE- consider what is possible to complete
in the timeframe you have available.

X I want to run the 100m sprint in FIVE seconds.

√ I want to run the 100m sprint within 15 seconds.
REALISTIC/ RELEVANT- consider how much free
time you have, how long each activity takes, and
your personal activities

X I want to get As in all my subjects, join three new

clubs, play in the sports meet, and join the choral
group.
√ I want to get As in all my subjects and join one new
club.
TIME-BOUND- set deadlines to meet in order to
accomplish your goal

x I want to study for my Anatomy exam.

√ I will study for my Anatomy exam on January 12 and
13, 2017.
 Setting goals increases motivation and
achievement. For instance, Mitchell (1982) defines
motivation as “those psychological processes that
cause the arousal, direction, and persistence of
voluntary actions that are goal directed” the effects of
goals on motivation and behavior, however, depend on
their properties. For example, it has long been known
that giving people specific goals to achieve rather than
telling them to do their best increases their motivation
(Locke & Brian 1966, 1967).
 “Think about your intelligence, talents and
personality are just fixed of, can you develop them?”

-Carol Dweck
 WHAT IS MINDSET?
Mindset is as idea discovered by world
renowned Psychologist Carol Dweck, from Stanford
University. She is one of those researchers and in her
book Mindset she discerns between two attitudes: the
fixed mindset and the growth mindset.
Much of who you are on a day-to-day basis
comes from your mindset. Your mindset is the view you
have of your qualities and characteristics- where they
come from and whether they can change.
 People with a fixed mindset believe talent is
everything. If they’re not gifted with the ability to do
something, they think they’re doomed to be a failure.
Their skills seem to be written down in their genes, just
like their looks, which is why they never try to improve
in something.
A growth mindset comes from the belief that
your basic qualities are things you can cultivate through
effort. Yes, people differ greatly- in ability, talents,
interests, or temperaments- but everyone can change
and grow through application and experience.
 WHY IS MINDSET SO IMPORTANT?

Mindset may limit our potential or enables our

success. It often marks the difference between
excellence and mediocrity. It influences our self-
awareness, our self-esteem, our creativity, our ability to
face challenges, our resilience to setbacks, our levels
of depression, and our tendency to stereotypes among
others.
WHAT MINDSET DO YOU HAVE?

FIXED MINDSET GROWTH MINDSET

 FIXED MINDSET GROWTH MINDSET

“I’m either good at it or I’m not” I can learn to do anything I want

My abilities are unchanging Challenges help me grow

I can either do it or I can’t I like to try new things

My potential is pre-determined My effort and attitude determine my

abilities
I don’t like to be challenged Feedback is constructive

Failure is the limit of my abilities Failure is an opportunity to grow

HOW TO ACHIEVE GROWTH MINDSET?
WORD
I don’t understand
I give up
I made a mistake
Thus is too hard
It’s good enough
I can’t read
I’m not good at this
I can’t make this any better
MINDSET
What am I missing?
I’ll use some strategies I learned
Mistakes help me improve
This may take some time and effort
Is this really my best work?
I’m going to train my brain to read
I’m on the right track
I can always improve, I will keep
trying
SUCCESS
THANK YOU!!
 TEST 1 IDENTIFICATION
(ANSWERS ARE AT THE BOARD)
1. Something attained only by prolonged effort and hardship
2. Reflects confidence in the ability to exert control over one’s own
motivation, behavior, and social environment.
3. Help us when we do things, especially when facing a challenge.
4. A powerful process for thinking about your ideal future, and for
motivating yourself to turn your vision of this future into reality
5. The name of the person who spoke this quote
“In a growth mindset, challenges are exciting rather that threatening.
So rather than thinking, oh I’m going to reveal my weakness, you say,
wow, here a chance to grow.”