Professional Documents
Culture Documents
10 December 2002
Testing aggregates —
Part 124: Method for determination of
frost-heave
Licensed Copy: Akin Koksal, Bechtel Ltd, 10 December 2002, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
Contents
Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
Foreword ii
1 Scope 1
2 Definitions 1
3 Principle 1
4 Sampling 1
5 Apparatus 1
6 Setting-up of the self-refrigerated unit 5
7 Operating temperatures and self-refrigerated unit tuning procedures 13
8 Preliminary testing procedure 14
9 Preparation of test specimens 15
10 Procedure for determination of the frost-heave 17
11 Calculation and expression of results 18
12 Precision 19
13 Test report 20
Appendix A Example of temperature parameter calculations 21
Figure 1 — Main features and dimensions of test chamber 2
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© BSI 02-1999 i
BS 812-124:1989
Foreword
This Part of BS 812, prepared under the direction of the Cement, Gypsum,
Aggregates and Quarry Products Standards Committee, forms part of a general
revision that is being made of the 1975 edition of BS 812. As each of the tests or
collection of related tests, is prepared, it is intended to issue it as a separate
Part of BS 812.
This Part contains the test procedure for the determination of the frost-heave of
aggregates which have been compacted at a pre-determined moisture content and
density. The test was not included in previous editions of BS 812 but has now
been included because there is a need for a test to identify frost-susceptible
aggregates which could otherwise be used in an unbound form in road bases and
sub-bases at depths likely to experience frost penetration during the life of the
road. The procedure for preparing the test specimens and determining the
frost-heave of an aggregate is substantially the same as that given in TRRL
Supplementary Report 829. However, the consideration of the circumstances in
which a material of a given frost-heave may be used in practice, which is
discussed at length in SR 829, is not dealt with here because it is outside the scope
of BS 812. Guidance on the interpretation of the results should therefore be
sought from the specifying authority.
It is intended that other British Standards should call up BS 812 test methods as
the basis for compliance. Nevertheless, it is not intended that all aggregates will
be subjected regularly to all the listed tests. Other British Standards will call up
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Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
pages 1 to 22, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on
the inside front cover
ii © BSI 02-1999
BS 812-124:1989
© BSI 02-1999 1
BS 812-124:1989
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2 © BSI 02-1999
BS 812-124:1989
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BS 812-124:1989
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BS 812-124:1989
5.3.3.6 A rigid detachable metal datum frame, to 5.5 Tared glass flask, at least one of each of the
support the push-rods (Figure 1) which can be following capacities:
positively located above the lid of the test chamber 250 mL, 500 mL, 1 000 mL.
having horizontal bars with holes 6.5 mm diameter
5.6 A mechanical mixer, with a capacity of at
at the same centres as the holes in the specimen
least 20 kg. The mixer shall not cause any
cradle and the test chamber lid. The upper surface
significant degradation of the particles.
of the datum frame shall be not less than 125 mm
and not more than 175 mm above the top of the lid. 5.7 Containers, at least nine, which can be made
airtight, capable of holding 15 kg samples of mixed
5.3.4 Additional equipment for use with the SRU
material.
5.3.4.1 Nine brass rods, 750 mm long and 6.0 mm in 5.8 A steel mould and end-plugs as shown in
diameter. These are illustrated in their positions Figure 5.
during the test in Figure 1.
5.9 A hand-held steel tamper, weighing 1 100 g
5.3.4.2 A supply of clean and dry single-sized silica to 1 200 g. A suitable design is shown in Figure 6.
sand from either the 5 mm to 2.36 mm or
the 2.36 mm to 1.18 mm fractions. 5.10 An electric vibrating hammer, having a power
consumption not less than 600 W and operating at a
NOTE About 30 kg is sufficient for one SRU.
frequency between 25 Hz and 45 Hz. The hammer
5.3.4.3 A steel rule complying with the requirements shall be checked at regular intervals using the
of BS 4035 or other suitable means of measuring the procedure given in note 2 to Test 14 of
displacement of the push-rods above the datum BS 1377:1975.
frame, readable and accurate to 0.5 mm.
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BS 812-124:1989
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BS 812-124:1989
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Figure 5 — Mould and end plugs for the preparation of frost-heave test specimens
© BSI 02-1999 7
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8
BS 812-124:1989
© BSI 02-1999
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© BSI 02-1999
Figure 7 — 100 mm tamping foot for vibrating hammer
9
BS 812-124:1989
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BS 812-124:1989
© BSI 02-1999
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© BSI 02-1999
Figure 9 — Extrusion cylinder
11
BS 812-124:1989
BS 812-124:1989
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BS 812-124:1989
g) Open tap O. Air should bubble through the After 20 h have elapsed switch on the SRU and
capillary tube as water flows into the water-bath. leave it for a further 20 h before any internal
When the bubbling stops adjust the water level in temperature measurements are made. Determine
the bath (see note) so that it is about 1 mm from the length of the initial cooling period (see note 2).
the top of the porous disc, i.e. the surface of the The air and water should reach their operating
disc appears wet but is not covered. If the level is temperatures between 4 h and 14 h from starting
too low, close tap O and raise the level of the the SRU.
capillary slightly. Re-open tap O and allow the NOTE 1 Although cement-bound specimens cannot be used in
water to find its new level (see note). Repeat this tuning tests because they affect the heat transfer characteristics,
process until the required setting has been they may be used for convenience in any preliminary trials to
adjust thermostats.
achieved. NOTE 2 The initial cooling period can be estimated from the
NOTE If the porous disc is covered or water overflows before chart recorder, or a special timing device may be fitted to the SRU
the bubbling stops the capillary is set too high. In this case for the purpose.
close tap O and drain the water out of the bath to its original
level covering the lip of the specimen carrier before adjusting 7.1.2 Determination of mean temperatures
the capillary. 7.1.2.1 Observe the control system of the SRU until
h) When the level has been set, close tap O. Drain the thermostat controlling the air temperature
off water from the bath until the water again just causes the refrigeration to be switched OFF. At this
covers the lip of the specimen carrier. point record in turn the temperatures indicated by
i) Remove the specimen carriers and disc and dry each of the ten thermocouples; all ten should be
them. Top up the CLD (taps V and F open, recorded in not more than 50 s. Continue to record
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BS 812-124:1989
7.2 Required temperature values and 8.2 Selection of moisture content and density
tolerances for the test specimens
7.2.1 Mean water temperature. Any mean water 8.2.1 Stage 1. The moisture content and density at
temperature shall be in the range 3.0 °C to 4.5 °C. which test specimens are to be prepared may have
The range of the six successive determinations with been nominated in advance on the basis of earlier
at least 3 h and not more than 20 h between each tests. When this information is not available
determination shall not exceed 0.5 °C. It is essential determine the optimum moisture content and
that the standard deviation of any individual maximum vibrated bulk density by the method
determination of MWT does not exceed 0.3 °C. given in BS 5835-1 and use these values for the
7.2.2 Mean air temperature. Any mean air preparation of the test specimens described in 8.2.2
temperature shall be in the range – 18.0 °C (see note).
to – 16.0 °C. The range of the six successive NOTE For most materials the vibrating hammer compaction
determinations with at least 3 h and not more test described in Test 14 of BS 1377:1985 gives the same values
than 20 h between each determination shall not of optimum moisture content and maximum dry density as those
obtained with the test described in BS 5835-1. This test may
exceed 0.5 °C. The standard deviation of any therefore be used as an alternative if it is known that the type of
individual determination shall not exceed 0.8 °C. material under test gives comparable results for the two test
methods. The primary requirement in choosing a moisture
7.2.3 Temperature mean ranges content and density at which to prepare the specimens is that the
7.2.3.1 Any water temperature mean range shall specimens should be stable. The results of the compaction tests
may therefore have to be adjusted (see 8.2.2.6).
not exceed 0.5 °C.
8.2.2 Stage 2
7.2.3.2 Any air temperature mean range shall not
exceed 2.7 °C. 8.2.2.1 When the moisture content (w %) and the
dry density (Ôd kg/m3 ) have been determined as
7.3 Temperature below central Tufnol disc
described in 8.2.1, prepare a test frost-heave test
The mean temperature below the central Tufnol specimen as described in 8.2.2.2 to 8.2.2.7.
disc during any sampling period shall be in the 8.2.2.2 Obtain a test sample (having been sieved to
range – 2 °C to – 8 °C (see note). remove material coarser than 37.5 mm) of mass
NOTE In the case of coarse-grained materials poor contact equal to 1.360 ρd (g) from the test portion set aside
between the disc and the specimen may result in the temperature
failing below – 8 °C. This can be avoided by using fine sand to
in 4.1 b) and place it in the mixer.
even out any roughness in the surface of the specimens. 8.2.2.3 Place a flask on the balance. Tare the flask
and weigh out a mass of water equal
to 0.0136 wρd (g) (see note to 6.5).
8.2.2.4 Add the water to the dry material already in
the mixer and thoroughly mix.
14 © BSI 02-1999
BS 812-124:1989
8.2.2.5 Use the mixed material to prepare and NOTE 2 The procedure given in this clause provides for mixing
extrude a trial specimen using the procedure all the material for three specimens at once and this is the
preferred method. However, if a small mixer is being used it may
in 9.3.1 and 9.3.2. be necessary to mix the material for each specimen separately. In
8.2.2.6 If immediately after extrusion the specimen this case use a representative mass of 1.360 ρd (g) of material
with 0.0136 wρd (g) of water, and the procedure repeated three
is unstable, i.e. cannot stand on the extruder times for each batch of three specimens.
without collapsing, some adjustment to the dry NOTE 3 The method given assumes that in sub-dividing the
density and/or the moisture content may be material to prepare the individual test specimens no segregation
necessary to achieve a specimen which is occurs and that the particle size distribution of the material in
the individual test specimens remains the same as that of the test
sufficiently stable but at the same time has not been portion. In materials subject to segregation it may be preferable
subjected to such a degree of compaction that undue at this stage to sieve the dried test portion on
crushing of the individual particles has occurred. the 37.5 mm, 20 mm, 10 mm and 5 mm test sieves. These size
This has to be achieved systematically by trial and fractions (after rejecting the material retained on the 37.5 mm
sieve) can then be re-combined in the proportions represented by
error until a stable specimen has been made. the grading of the original test portion to produce three
8.2.2.7 When a stable specimen has been prepared individual test samples each having a mass of 1.360 ρd (g). These
test samples are mixed with 0.0136 wρd (g) of water as described
transfer the specimen to a suitable container, break and each used to prepare one frost-heave specimen as described
it up and dry. Determine the particle-size in 9.3.1.1.
distribution of the material in the specimen using 9.2.3 Place a tared flask on the balance and weigh
the procedure described in 7.2 of BS 812-103:1985. out a mass of water (see note to 6.5) equal
NOTE The degree to which crushing of the particles has to 0.0408 wρd (g) (where w is the percentage
occurred during the preparation of the specimen may then be moisture content for the stable trial specimen
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BS 812-124:1989
9.3.1.2 Carefully transfer the weighed material into NOTE 2 If the end plugs cannot be removed by hand, the mould
the mould, which must be placed over its bottom assembly should be left to stand for 5 min to 10 min before a
further attempt is made. This allows excess moisture which may
(smaller) end plug. Level the material in the mould form a seal around the plugs to drain away. It is important not to
with a suitable spatula. Hold the tamper strike the mould or plugs with a heavy object since this is likely
(see Figure 5) inside the mould with the upper to damage them. If, however, after 10 min standing the plugs still
cannot be removed, gentle tapping with a suitable light (and
surface of its base level with the top of the mould preferably non-metallic) object may be employed e.g. a
then allow it to drop freely under its own weight, rubber-faced mallet. If plugs become persistently difficult to
taking care that the foot is level when it strikes the remove, the mould and plugs should be checked for damage and
material. Repeat this process until 25 drops have their dimensions checked. A mould can become distorted even
during normal use.
been completed.
9.3.2.2 Extrude the specimen from the
Then compact the material using the vibrating mould; 9.3.2.3 describes an acceptable method
hammer, fitted with the special 100 mm diameter using a compression machine. Other methods
foot, until a depth-gauge reading in the utilizing compression machines or hydraulic-jack
range 183 mm to 189 mm is obtained (see note). extruders can be used if proved effective, provided
NOTE It is advisable to check the level before applying the that their operation is smooth and attention is paid
vibrating hammer to gain an indication of the amount of
compaction needed. Ear defenders should be worn at all times to the rate of strain which should not be excessive.
when the hammer is in use. It is important to hold the hammer 9.3.2.3 If a compression machine is used, place the
in an upright position when compacting material. Use the
depth-gauge to measure the level at the CENTRE of the material
narrow end of the mould over the short extruder and
surface. then place both the mould and the extruder on the
9.3.1.3 Weigh out a second portion of material of platen of the compression machine. Start the
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mass M and transfer to the mould, level and extrusion process on the machine and remove the
tamp 25 times as before. Use the vibrating hammer mould and extruder from the machine when the
to compact the material in the mould until a extrusion can proceed no further. Complete the final
depth-gauge reading in the range 133 mm extrusion by hand using the long extruder.
to 139 mm is obtained. NOTE If hand-extrusion proves impossible the following
procedure is recommended when the compression machine has
9.3.1.4 Weigh out a third portion of material mass space of at least 720 mm between the platens. The sample is
M, transfer to the mould, level and tamp 25 times. extruded using a specially designed cylinder which is fitted over
Carefully wipe clean the inside of the mould above the top of the mould. The mould and cylinder are then placed on
the long extruder of the compression machine and extrusion
the tamped material and insert the top plug. Fit completed on the machine. Where the machine has a space
the 145 mm (standard) diameter tamping foot to the of 780 mm between the platens the extrusion may be effected
vibrating hammer and apply the vibrating hammer using the long extruder only. This extruder process is illustrated
in Figure 10.
to the top plug until the specimen is fully compacted
(see note). The specimen may be regarded as fully 9.3.3 Completion
compacted if the overall gap between the mould and 9.3.3.1 Immediately after extrusion, wrap a
the end plugs does not exceed 4 mm. waxed-paper sheet around the curved face of the
NOTE With some granular materials the last layer may not be specimen and secure with adhesive tape (do not
fully compacted after about 1 min application of the hammer. In encircle the specimen with the adhesive tape) so
such cases it may help to invert the mould assembly and apply
the hammer to the bottom plug. Do not apply the hammer to that the lower edge of the paper is in line with the
either end for more than 1 min at a time. With very coarse bottom of the specimen (leaving an upstand of
materials it may be necessary to remove one of the plugs and about 50 mm at the upper face). Place one of the
apply the vibrating hammer directly onto the material surface Tufnol discs, with the recess uppermost, on top of
during this stage.
the specimen.
9.3.2 Extrusion from the mould
Carefully place the specimen on a porous disc and
9.3.2.1 Remove both plugs. position the specimen and porous disc in a copper
NOTE 1 Normally one or two clockwise and anticlockwise specimen carrier (see note). The completed
rotations will loosen the top plug in the mould and allow it to be specimen assembly is then ready to be placed into
lifted off the mould directly. In a similar manner the mould itself
can be lifted from the bottom plug. the test chamber (see 10.1.2).
NOTE Positioning of the copper specimen carrier can be made
easier if the carrier is placed over a cylinder slightly taller than
the carrier and of slightly smaller diameter than the hole in the
bottom of the carrier. The porous disc can then be placed on top
of the cylinder and the carrier lifted gently into place. Thus the
difficult operation of inverting the specimen is avoided.
9.3.3.2 Remove the mould from the extruder and
before re-use clean and dry the mould, both plugs
and extruder.
16 © BSI 02-1999
BS 812-124:1989
10 Procedure for determination of the 10.1.5 When the coarse sand has been placed check
frost-heave the positions of the thermocouples and any control
sensors and then close the lid of the test chamber.
10.1 Loading test specimens into the Locate the datum frames on the SRU, pass the
self-refrigerated unit push-rods through the holes in the frame and
10.1.1 Using mixed material from one of the batches chamber lid and locate in the central recesses of the
previously prepared (9.2) prepare a frost test corresponding Tufnol discs. Start the constant-level
specimen using the method described in 9.3. device by opening the outlet tap, O (Figure 3), to
10.1.2 Place the prepared specimen in one of the allow water to flow into the water-bath and restore
holes in the wooden cradle in the test chamber. If the correct level. The water level is controlled
the specimen is to be placed in any of the automatically for the remainder of the test.
positions 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9 (Figure 2) locate a 10.1.6 Complete the loading of the SRU within one
thermocouple between the bottom of the porous disc working day. Leave the loaded SRU undisturbed
and the copper specimen carrier before inserting the for 115 ± 5 h from the time that the last specimen
specimen into the cradle. If the specimen is to be was inserted in the cradle before proceeding. Use
located in position 5 (Figure 2) also fix a the chart recorder to monitor the temperatures in
thermocouple to the underside of the Tufnol disc so the test chamber during this period.
that the junction is exposed at the centre of the disc NOTE The temperatures in both the water-bath and the air
and in contact with the upper surface of the test above the specimens should be close to room temperature by the
specimen. end of the period.
10.2 Freezing the specimens and measuring
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BS 812-124:1989
10.2.6 Continue to record the frost-heave as 10.4.4 Carefully remove the thermocouples in the
described in 10.2.5 at intervals of 24 ± 2 h until at air above the specimens from above the cradle and
least 96 h have elapsed from the time of switching put on one side.
on the refrigeration. 10.4.5 Remove the coarse sand (a vacuum cleaner
10.3 Monitoring the temperature conditions may be used) and dry and remove any material to
allow re-use of the sand (see note to 6.2). Do not
10.3.1 Employ the procedure described in 10.3.2
re-use the sand until it has returned to room
to 10.3.4 during every test.
temperature.
NOTE Although it is not necessary to carry out a detailed
tuning check of the SRU before or during every test, it is 10.4.6 Remove the specimens from the cradle,
important to ensure that the equipment continues to operate taking care not to damage any thermocouples as
correctly. they are detached. Discard the test specimens and
10.3.2 Record at least daily the temperature at each waxed paper. Clean and dry the Tufnol discs, porous
thermocouple sequentially at intervals not discs and copper specimen carriers. It is important
exceeding 5 s. Calculate the instantaneous water to check that the porous discs have not become
temperature [defined in 7.1.2.2 a)] and blocked, particularly when fine-grained materials
instantaneous air temperature [defined are being tested. If any are found to be inadequately
in 7.1.2.2 d)]. permeable replace for future tests.
10.3.3 If the instantaneous water temperature is 10.4.7 Remove the wooden cradle, allow to return to
outside the range 3.0 °C to 4.5 °C, or if the room temperature and then clean and dry.
instantaneous air temperature is outside the
10.4.8 Leave the SRU with the lid open until the air
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BS 812-124:1989
11.2 For each material tested determine for each NOTE If each laboratory had determined the moisture content
specimen the maximum heave observed and density for its own tests it is probable that larger values of
R1, R2 and VL than given in Table 2 would have been obtained.
within 96 h, and calculate the mean of the maxima However, recent research at the Transport and Road Research
to the nearest 0.1 mm. Regard these mean values of Laboratory with two sub-base materials (with mid-range
frost-heave as the frost-heave of the aggregate gradings) has shown that changes in the moisture content and
density of the frost-heave test specimens have little effect on the
under test, subject to the following conditions. values of heave recorded.
a) If all nine specimens of the material under test 12.2 The tests for outliers given in BS 5497-1:1979
have heaves of less than 2.0 mm the results are were applied to the data. All the results from one
suspiciously low. The test should therefore be laboratory were rejected (they had not used the
repeated unless previous experience of the nominated moisture and density in some of their
materials under test shows that the results are tests). The results on one test portion from another
consistent with what would be expected. laboratory were rejected, because the range between
b) If the mean heave of the three specimens is less the frost-heave specimens from that test portion
than 18.0 mm, calculate the range was an outlier.
(i.e. highest- lowest) of the heaves of the three 12.3 Definitions of r1, R1, and R2 are given in
specimens. If the range exceeds 6.0 mm repeat clause 2 of BS 812-101:1984. The variabilities which
the test before reporting any result. arise in the sampling and sample reduction
c) If the mean heave of the three specimens operations are apportioned to Vr1 and VS according
is 18.0 mm or greater no further testing is to the definitions of sampling error and sample
required. reduction error given in clause 2 of Part 101:1984.
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11.3 When any repeat testing has been completed The variances Vr1, VL and VS are defined by the
calculate the mean heave using the results from all equations given in Table 1 of Part 101:1984. For the
the specimens. frost-heave test, the variance Vr1 contains
contributions from three components:
12 Precision VRuns = variation between runs of the
Table 2 — Precision estimates, frost-heave SRU,
(mm) VTest portions = variation between test portions of
Level Average r1 R1 R2 √Vr1 √VL √VS a laboratory sample;
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
VSpecimens = variation between frost-heave
specimens, from the same test
Flint gravel 13.5 7.0 8.5 9.0 2.5 1.8 1.0 portion, in the same run.
12.1 The precision data given in Table 2 were A “run” consists of the cycle of operations described
determined from an experiment conducted in clause 10.
in 1984/5 involving 19 laboratories. The experiment
When the frost-heave test is carried out as
was designed, and the data analysed following the
suggested in 9.1, using three frost-heave specimens
principles set out in BS 5497-1:1979. The material
prepared from one test-portion, the “test result” is
tested consisted of a 20 tonne lot of flint gravel,
the average over three specimens, and
complying with the grading requirements for a
Type 2 road sub-base. The laboratory samples were Vr1 = VRuns + VTest portions + (VSpecimens/3)
taken according to BS 812-102:1984, all by one This equation was used to calculate Vr1 in Table 2
sampler. Two randomly selected laboratory samples above. Consequently, the precision estimates r1, R1
were sent to each laboratory. The laboratories and R2 may be compared with differences between
produced two test portions (each sufficient for three two test results when the two test results are
frost-heave specimens) from each laboratory sample obtained from different test portions and from
by following the procedure given in 6.4 of different runs, and as averages over three
BS 812-102:1984. All the frost-heave specimens specimens. The following values were obtained in
which were used to obtain the above precision data the experiment:
were prepared at a moisture content and a density
which had been nominated in advance (see note). VRuns = 1.8 mm
VTest Portions = 1.3 mm
VSpecimens = 1.9 mm
© BSI 02-1999 19
BS 812-124:1989
13 Test report
The test report shall affirm that the frost-heave was
determined in accordance with this Part of BS 812
and whether or not a certificate of sampling is
available. if available, a copy of the certificate of
sampling shall be provided. The test report shall
contain the following information.
a) Sample identification.
b) The dry density at which the specimens were
prepared.
c) The moisture content used to prepare the
specimens.
d) The particle-size distribution of the test
portion (8.1).
e) The particle-size distribution of the stable test
specimen (8.2.2.7).
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BS 812-124:1989
5 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.9 0.2 – 18.2 – 15.9 – 18.1 – 16.1 – 17.1 2.3 – 4.0
6 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.9 0.2 – 18.6 – 16.3 – 18.5 – 16.4 – 17.5 2.3 – 4.0
7 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.8 0.2 – 18.8 – 16.5 – 18.7 – 16.7 – 17.7 2.3 – 4.0
8 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.9 0.2 – 18.8 – 16.5 – 18.7 – 16.6 – 17.7 2.3 – 4.3
9 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.0 3.9 4.0 0.2 – 18.0 – 15.8 – 17.8 – 15.9 – 16.9 2.2 – 3.9
10 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.9 4.0 0.2 – 17.6 – 15.4 – 17.4 – 15.5 – 16.5 2.2 – 3.8
11 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.8 0.2 – 18.0 – 15.8 – 17.9 – 15.9 – 16.9 2.2 – 4.0
12 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.8 0.2 – 18.5 – 16.2 – 18.4 – 16.4 – 17.4 2.3 – 4.1
13 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.7 0.3 – 18.9 – 16.5 – 18.7 – 16.6 – 17.7 2.4 – 4.1
14 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.8 0.2 – 19.0 – 16.6 – 18.9 – 16.8 – 17.8 2.4 – 4.3
15 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.9 0.2 – 18.6 – 16.4 – 18.5 – 16.5 – 17.5 2.2 – 4.4
16 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.0 3.9 4.0 0.3 – 17.5 – 15.3 – 17.3 – 15.4 – 16.4 2.2 – 3.7
17 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.9 0.3 – 17.6 – 15.4 – 17.5 – 15.6 – 16.5 2.2 – 3.8
18 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.7 0.3 – 18.2 – 15.9 – 18.0 – 16.0 – 17.0 2.3 – 4.0
19 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.8 0.3 – 18.5 – 16.2 – 18.4 – 16.3 – 17.4 2.3 – 4.1
20 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.8 0.2 – 18.8 – 16.4 – 18.7 – 16.6 – 17.6 2.4 – 4.1
21 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.8 0.2 – 19.1 – 16.7 – 19.0 – 16.9 – 17.9 2.4 – 4.2
22
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28
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30
© BSI 02-1999 21
Licensed Copy: Akin Koksal, Bechtel Ltd, 10 December 2002, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
© BSI 02-1999 22
Table 4 — SRU tuning, temperature parameter summary chart
BS 812-124:1989
BS 812-124:1989
Publications referred to
TRRL Supplementary Report 829: Specification for the TRRL frost-heave test (TRRL 1984)1).
© BSI 02-1999
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Licensed Copy: Akin Koksal, Bechtel Ltd, 10 December 2002, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI