‫ا ان‬ ‫و!& ه ا ‪$‬‬ ‫ن‬ ‫‪ #‬و!

‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫د‬

‫' & ‪!"#$%‬‬ ‫‪110 :‬‬

‫‪www.iranarze.ir :‬‬ ‫آدرس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ا ان‬

 ‫ا ان‬ ‫و!& ه ا ‪$‬‬ ‫ن‬ ‫‪ #‬و!‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫د‬

‫‪www.iranarze.ir :‬‬ ‫آدرس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ا ان‬

 ‫ا ان‬ $ ‫و!& ه ا‬ ‫ن‬ !‫ و‬# ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫د‬

(www.iranarze.ir) * % "+ ,-. !"#$ / % -61

. !" # $ %& ' (# ) *+ (1

. /23 45 1 $ %3 45 6 7 6 8 9 : ./ 0 ' 10 ) *+ (2

. ) > / ?+ .@/ 5 $ %& 6 A @ & B # <+ !C+ A / $ <+ : = (3

.$ 6# 3 > < 3 E= # ./ 0 6 F 6/ ) $ <+ : = (4

* / B C «3:% ;< = ;> ;#? ;@ ! » 534 5 6 78 ! -62

@L -*( -45 K + -IJ -<3* G (1

@N A - ( -K ) -K ) -9 ) M (2

@L - + 0 Q -2/ ( - J P -< O I= (3

M A - + 0 Q - @ : -*S -> R # I@N N (4

(www.iranarze.ir) * 3 3 G HI F " %E : !"#$ / % F -63

> # I # 9 O *+O */*: /> : 2 > < 6 * (1

U *0 = V = 6 * 9 ) /U $ > 0 /# (2

* 0 ## 9 6 /* 0#/ N * 0 < (3

6 & /# $ * * ) : / 6 & N I /O > 3 6 (4

. C «............... G$ C M» - K L I I !"#$ / -64

.* @ #< + P + (2 .* @ #6/ 6O # # R W 0 X# 5(1

.* < @ # </ (4 .* < L5 <Y1 7 (3

R S" = Q 5% " T5 % @" UC R @I I QIE : / C 3! C%$ % » % PF / &G -65

. 3 E .................. !"#$ # 5 !"#$ / % «/: $ 5 $ V %

@0 * 6*/ */ / @0 >Y3 IG */ ( (1

www.iranarze.ir : ‫آدرس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ا ان‬

 ‫ا ان‬ $ ‫و!& ه ا‬ ‫ن‬ !‫ و‬# ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫د‬

IA+ [P @Y3 # 0 = / IG 6 L ZY # > ) (2

<L) # # \ 3 .L: 2) # / <L >( J /# . : IA+ (3

] 5 6 / 0^ ^ /] _ 80 # 6 ) + = (4

.................. 3 ! "« % R" C " PC / L 5 4 $ 5 » -66

2& 9 #^ / <@L #7 #: = )# $ !R+ */ (1

9 * "2& < #:. # 6 @ # I/ # = (2

.# <3* */ = !7 I+ >/ A .\ <@L ) <@ 2 + $ + `5 _ (3

.> # &B aP I/ # #:. )# < * */ (4

................. ! " «KY$ ' 3% @! @" SC / ' ;% : R"# C 5» -67

.$* ( # 6 * ) = # 0I : * !: 7 )> @ (1

. ) 9 # 6 )* A 9* # )> @L/ (2

.$ : 9@ )9 # 0* I/ )> 2 (3

. A < B !A + bN 9 ) ] @ * L: @N I/ )> @ (4

«/ $ ! = @ YSI $ [ T / : \" : % \" : /% # C» C : !"#$ / -68

(www.iranarze.ir) * 3 &

.$ * = 6 c >P 1 &/# (2 .$ # 10 # O # 0(1

.$ @ * > _ 9* + 23 (4 .$ # 6 / : @Y O = W N # (3

(www.iranarze.ir) * 3 E !"#$ / % « 5% = /#C % / ^LC» ! -69

. & <P $ 6 0<+ I Z!c+ #(1

\ < 4 7] >L+ 6N 7 6 7 Z!c+ # (2

.) # 6 < 4 7 >L+ 6 N 7 Z!c+ # (3

www.iranarze.ir : ‫آدرس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ا ان‬

 ‫ا ان‬ $ ‫و!& ه ا‬ ‫ن‬ !‫ و‬# ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫د‬

\ 9 7 6 + \ ZY 6 3 0<+ $2 # (4

* / «_ % ` @" UC / M M @5 = ! » C / &G -70

.> W R+ */# W @ + 6 * +# # #(1

.* K NW @ ## ) * )<+ d # W N # # <L) (2

. P R+ */# * + O W N # # 6 9 (3

. )6 #0 _ 9* + O # # = 0<+ 9 * ) 6 c (4

* % I &G C a C/ C « I#$ % L E ; % &I / ! % " ; % = !5» C -71

* * 6 = B.# ) / ) /*+ 9 @Y3 # 0 (1

* * 6@ O e!J / .# *_ !Y (2

* * 6+ 6 # / > R * # 6 L L0 (3

* *6 A ` g/ P / I+ 0 * # 6 f) (4

(www.iranarze.ir) * G U" 5 !"#$ C !"#$ / / &G -72

2 IG 9# ( <A / # 6 /# > # 9* * (1

6 & /# $ * * ) : / 6 & N I /O > 3 6 (2

6 +6 + 6 )6 +/6 * * < +# <A/ (3

* 23 A O <@ 6 /* </ # * 0 (4

* ! ^" = 7-c `+8 C % Pd " I ; Y= C =3 b ! C/ % 5 -73

# AN $ I/ 6# 3 :>Y& / i# 0. / 3 : @Y& (1

> #< # I/ * I # : @Y& / > ) # Z *+ 6 : @Y& (2

./ : / I/ $ * :>Y& / ./ # <+ 0 3 : @Y& (3

@ # + @Y O :>Y& / 0 # >L + 9 # : @Y& (4

www.iranarze.ir : ‫آدرس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ا ان‬

 ‫ا ان‬ $ ‫و!& ه ا‬ ‫ن‬ !‫ و‬# ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫د‬

* % S C " ! e P % !"#$ / C « 5% / : I#" C / I 3 :E :% & R & » C -74

@N 3 > # * ( / # K# 2 B g 2 (1

/# $ ) # 6 + / 6 3# # # 9 ) # * * ) (2

#+ 23 * ( / 6 &@ 6 # +# < (3

*# + I+ . ) # / $ @Y3 / 3< (4

* Y IB ! C/ / &G C « C @ @d F : YI % E/ C@ @. C' % I» C -75

> I+ 9# `( J#/ ) # / < `( J >L B ) 3O(1

+ >7 *) * =#//* A + =6 c J< + (2

$ O IN *_ k <@ # / g O l I+ # <+ 7j J (3

>L # O J * 9 1 0 Z) m / 6 * ) I+ $ !R+ * M a $ # # (4

.................... License Agreement -76

.# <+ < P ) (P _ # ) 2N $ ) * )* = I > 9# # P(1

.# <+ # # ) * )* = 9 2N $ # Y@ 9 < c+ g/ 6O (P ) 9 c+ (2

.* )<+ #2 3 ) + c+ J # Y@ R(= ) > < P * # * ` 8+ 9 5 (3

.* <+ + # Y@ n R @ # (4

(www.iranarze.ir) * C f" % " C; % % a E% V a -77

.* ( (J # 3 o R+ # (2 .* ( ] 1 +(1

# + (4 .* # R@+ W = 5 # (3

.................... I !" -78

.> 9 A( < &/ @L g/ (2 .> 9 A( + 7 @L g/(1

$ *AF (4 .> >) g/ <_ a0 A( (3

www.iranarze.ir : ‫آدرس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ا ان‬

 ‫ا ان‬ $ ‫و!& ه ا‬ ‫ن‬ !‫ و‬# ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫د‬

* !" $ g F % : C C 3 I: , % # / I \" h- 5 I I C -79

3 2 # + (4 GL (3 6^ (2 >/ <E)(1

* 3 I 53 C F C C C RAM CPU R C 3 3 G H M -80

Register (4 Cache (3 ROM (2 RAM(1

. G$ ................ ; 5 = 5 V " C V C LP \" % -81

Workgroup (4 Server (3 Clinet (2 Slave(1

- M@ Y : M I " " I C \" C ! Y5 L %# / I 5 I C 5 ................... -82

. !" I K % E 3

ISDN (4 ISP (3 Virus (2 Scarn(1

* i I % \" 7 K 5 - / B C -83

Alt + C (4 Shift + A (3 Ctrl + A (2 Alt + A(1

* 3 G 5 - / B : ' 3 T! R YC C -84

Alt + Esc (4 Ctrl + C (3 Alt + F4 (2 Alt + C(1

*@"% UI % - / ;jkM ma ; I Recycle Bin C 3 jkM F+l L!" C -85

Ctrl + Shift (4 Alt (3 Ctrl (2 Shift(1

(www.iranarze.ir) * 3 G -" [ I C txt I Y -86

$ *AF (4 < @+ (3 <= _ (2 9 / a=(1

(www.iranarze.ir) *@ ! 3 G ": !"#$ / : @" C ,= C C@ 5 C $ word % -87

Page Up (4 Page Down (3 End (2 Home(1

www.iranarze.ir : ‫آدرس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ا ان‬

 ‫ا ان‬ $ ‫و!& ه ا‬ ‫ن‬ !‫ و‬# ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫د‬

(www.iranarze.ir) * ! C word % # / I % % n # a ,= ": -88

!) I !) g/ 6# ) [G + (2 Enter 6# * # 6 (1

@ = 6# ) [G + (4 .> RN )# 0 </ + ] / e!J (3

% F = Max (D1:D5) mC ; C 24 18 10 16 14 8 B C D6 D1 " o $ -89

(www.iranarze.ir) * 5 T I

18 (4 16 (3 8 (2 24(1

* 3 # E% o C L" % = % l C Access % 3 [ I/ % -90

Memo (4 Text (3 Autonumber (2 Number(1

' "% 22000 GI R" ' [ T $ . % S C ' "% 3000 R YM : ' hcI R": ' -91

(www.iranarze.ir) * % ' "% ! R": ; C

3800 (4 5000 (3 6000 (2 4200(1

l a ! l a R" % . I 10 8 6 C C K f Y B L KL C l a \" -92

* $ % a I 4 m-g C B L KL C

4 (4 6 (3 8 (2 7 (1

C R : R" % @ 5 = . 200 p F C 300 ' l C K f Y KL C ! : -93

* C 5 = -8 ! /: 5 =% q M .@"% LC =% -8 \" 10 5 -8

31 # 21 (4 31 # 20 (3 30 # 20 (2 20 # 29(1

:C 5 $ . ! F 3 % % E hcI ;B iE F 4% % .... ;A iE -94

* F ! % ; ! C

7 (4 4 (3 3 (2 2/5(1

www.iranarze.ir : ‫آدرس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ا ان‬

 ‫ا ان‬ $ ‫و!& ه ا‬ ‫ن‬ !‫ و‬# ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫د‬

; !! % @5 C r $ % TI $ . : d !8 \" : % % r $ d !8 \" : % % TI -95

* I: 3: % ! % d !8 12

6 (4 8 (3 9 (2 12(1

K f Y p F 8% 80 ;B K f Y p F $ . C CBK f Y MY CAK f Y M Y -96

* AK f Y 8% ! BK f Y ' l; CA

130 (4 125 (3 122 (2 120(1

E aC / %C C E/ \" ' % C C sI% hcI . % /: sI% % " -97

! d 12 " ; ! "G d \" ; =E % % " mC 10 C $ . j c / %C C

(www.iranarze.ir) * : sI% % % " mC

15 (4 20 (3 35 (2 30(1

(www.iranarze.ir) * G U" 34 C 34 / -98

* (4 * (3 * (2 *5(1

....................... C % L :% Kq ;tS C : E ^I -99

I/ = (4 L+ (3 9* + (2 >+ +(1

(www.iranarze.ir) * C M fa C % 4 3 ;2 ;1 fa : \ -100

2 (2 1(1

4 (4 3 (3

www.iranarze.ir : ‫آدرس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ا ان‬

 ‫ا ان‬ $ ‫و!& ه ا‬ ‫ن‬ !‫ و‬# ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫د‬

LIE e C S$ C % G \" / TI C . !! E %u C 3 B A & -101

* % L ! ; / TI U" u C C S$ C u C \" C %

9 (4 90 (3 10 (2 5(1

3 5 5 8 16 20 i * I "C F % R" % -102

28 (4 24 (3 60 (2 40(1

%% C E % % C \" ,o 7 @a% % F ! 400 200 : % 5 F/ R C -103

* C

34 (4 40 (3 38 (2 36(1

a% \" F \" mC K8 M F; u L 5@a% B $ ; ": a% 5 F: \ % -104

(www.iranarze.ir) * C I

18 (4 46 (3 92 (2 62(1

* % v-q ! KC o KL % -105

12 (4 (3 6 (2 4(1

106- we went out for dinner .......... I hadn't bought anything to eat.

1) when 2) since 3) whether 4) while

107- I couldn't arrive home on time as there was ........... traffic. (www.iranarze.ir)

1) much too 2) so many 3) so little 4) too much

108- I left home early ..... I could catch the first bus.

www.iranarze.ir : ‫آدرس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ا ان‬

 ‫ا ان‬ $ ‫و!& ه ا‬ ‫ن‬ !‫ و‬# ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫د‬

1)so as to 2) while 3)so that 4) although

109- The machine .............. down has now been repaired . (www.iranarze.ir)

1) breaks 2) which breaking 3) broks 4) that broke

110- She manages to successfully ........... her family life with het job. (www.iranarze.ir)

1) bother 2) increase 3) combine 4) carry

111- The rescue ............ had been going quite smoothly. (www.iranarze.ir)

1)performance 2) operation 3) management 4) technology

112- it is clear from the report that we must collect more and betto ............ systems for

the company (www.iranarze.ir)

1)operations 2) presentations 3) instructions 4) communications

113- We met onseveral .............. to discuss the matter.

1) purposes 2) occasions 3) situations 4) categories

114- Some of these chemicals are very damaging to the ...........

1) environment 2) achievement 3) involvement 4) entertainment

115- The room was full of all kinds of ........... including on old stereo and boxes of

broken toys. (www.iranarze.ir)

1)pollution 2) trash 3) fuel 4) project

Cloze test:

www.iranarze.ir : ‫آدرس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ا ان‬

 ‫ا ان‬ $ ‫و!& ه ا‬ ‫ن‬ !‫ و‬# ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫د‬

Nowadays, government-supported nursery schools exist in many countries for children from
poor backgrounds, or with mental or physical handicaps. An example is the head start pre-
school ... (116) ... in the united states, run by the federal government, which ... (117) ...

almost 500000 such children. Universal state-run nursery ... (118) ... however, is still rare,

except in the east European communist countries, where it is ... (119) ... for all of the people.

... (120) ... more and more children of western nations attend nursery school. This is partly

because there are also many more working mothers than there used to be.

116-

1) program 2) presentation 3) experience 4) experiment

117-

1)designs 2) controls 3) serves 4) includes

118-

1)observation 2) education 3) competition 4) information

119-

1)responsible 2) probable 3) reasonable 4) available

120-

1)Yet 2) Since 3) When 4) Whereas

(www.iranarze.ir) * 6 78 !"#$ / ;KC o % I C C -121

www.iranarze.ir : ‫آدرس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ا ان‬

 ‫ا ان‬ $ ‫و!& ه ا‬ ‫ن‬ !‫ و‬# ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫د‬

.> 6 LA/ >) 5 5 # Q!@G+ 9 /v # < . = * +(1

.# # <@ w * + #( < .=b = @/ AL/ (2

.> Y_ @/ AL/ (3

.>L 6 LA/ >) 5 5 # Q!@G+ 9 /v # < . = * + (4

(i PM [ R 7f ^S σ ) * n ": ,C % : \ : i PM -= % S -122

σ σ 4σ 2σ
(4 (3 (2 (1
2R R R R

* / (r) C ^! F I f C ; ": KL % 3 T" KL ? C C -123

µU µt tU
µUt (4 (3 (2 (1
t U µ

. .................. 'E3 " ' ................. ! I' ": LY" -124

> w – > w (4 Y_ – Y_ (3 Y_ – > w (2 > w - Y_(1

www.iranarze.ir : ‫آدرس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ا ان‬

 ‫ا ان‬ $ ‫و!& ه ا‬ ‫ن‬ !‫ و‬# ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫د‬

* C C !"#$ / C A foI % PYI \ % S -125

ρm gh 2 − ρw gh1 (1

ρm gh 2 + ρw gh1 (2

ρw gh1 − ρm gh 2 (3

ρm gh 2 + ρw gh1 + YxxxL = xxx N (4

j l: % o I. iE % PF mI 0/5 fa 3' l C I KL C =% ! -126

(www.iranarze.ir) * R I ! A foI C =% !

3675(1

7350 (2

918/75 (3

1837/5 (4

www.iranarze.ir : ‫آدرس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ا ان‬

 ‫ا ان‬ $ ‫و!& ه ا‬ ‫ن‬ !‫ و‬# ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫د‬

QI ! : G$ P3 PYI % S % % ; HI j 8 4 I j+ : U!5 KL tC f -127

(www.iranarze.ir) . ........................ 3 UIE ; C ...................

P1 < P3 − d1 ≥ d3 (2 P1 > P3 − d1 ≤ d3 (1

P1 < P3 − d1 < d3 (4 P1 < P3 − d1 > d3 (3

 r 
2

j l: % I. % a C V = Vmax  −1   F m": C / %E I " R[ C d d % -128

  R  

(www.iranarze.ir) * / d d M 3% C'

8µπVmax (4 4µπVmax (3 2µπVmax (2 µπVmax (1

.@" $ ^E % C &$ I ; \" : % h- 5w! : YL" 53: I C #- - ! -129

% 5 =y : - U" ; C " $ x GI B" g α " $ " 5 B" g K $

. C ......................

@AB ) K @3 2 α (4 @3 2 α K (3 @3 2 K (2 @3 2 α(1

i> @ 6 +* 9 # > 5 $ *) # Fin -130

G 3 (4 G 3 (3 G G (2 G G (1

www.iranarze.ir : ‫آدرس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ا ان‬

 ‫ا ان‬ $ ‫و!& ه ا‬ ‫ن‬ !‫ و‬# ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫د‬

7 SC $ ' o I ;y 5% % l .3 I \" ^" $ C /: : P 7 C -131

* $ % a & / z

> (4 9 / (3 9 n+ (2 <7 R (1

........................ ; C 0/1 : "C F a -133

.* @L 9 L+ </ *P <= 5 >/ * *P(1

.* <+ </ >+ + 9 L+ <= 5 >+ + (2

.> o J P </ >+ + >(L <@/ * >+ + (3

.* <+ </ >+ + @ *+ # <= 5 >+ + (4

: " C % M : " g PYI ; 5 " % T % 6fY 7G8 C -133

.......................... C L !" % 5

1 1
.# # ZA7 >(L Pr 2 (2 .# # ZA7 >(L Pr 3 (1

1 1
.# # @L+ >(L Pr 2 (4 .# # @L+ >(L Pr 3 (3

* 3: I @5 { P" o ": : / % % M F : " g -134

b/ + 2!N (4 IJ (3 3 (2 R/ +(1

$'oI g / % .@ 5 % a $ E :E 5% % 7G8 \" -135

* SC

.* v <N nY_ (2 .* I /: <N nY_(1

.* )< <P N (4 .* 9# 7 _ nY_ (3

www.iranarze.ir : ‫آدرس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ا ان‬

 ‫ا ان‬ $ ‫و!& ه ا‬ ‫ن‬ !‫ و‬# ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫د‬

M: \ vF C 5K C -8 ^" # ; d d [ I: % M ' P \" % -136

(www.iranarze.ir) * G C _ G ; ":

.* /<+ ./ 2N @ : 5 @ `/ . ) @ : 0# N >N (1

.* /<+ ./ 2N <!) 5 @ `/ . ) @ : 0# N >N (2

.* /<+ . ) @ : 5 @ `/ . ) @ : 0# N >N (3

.* /<+ . ) <!) 5 @ `/ ./ 2N @ : 0 # N >N (4

j b R" C $ . % ' d M % iE% C m" : e - ; YC B-8 j b \" % -137

* C" ^5 % / ; I C aC : dM% e - !Q 5 @ 5 C $

G y aG+ c5 (4 b/ + y aG+ c5 (3 N (2 +#(1

\" :  CP = 16
J 
; C 0/75 \ I#"E 3 : C $ . ! % PF % V  dE3 " : $ -138
 mol.K 

 J 
R = 8  * R" - ! = "
 mol.K 

700(1

675 (2

650 (3

600 (4

www.iranarze.ir : ‫آدرس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ا ان‬

 ‫ا ان‬ $ ‫و!& ه ا‬ ‫ن‬ !‫ و‬# ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫د‬

;@ I % V2 C V1 : % : $ @TM ; @5 !"E \" l . ! wd % I d : : $ -139

* / :$ IE ?

V2 − b  1 1  V2 − b  1 1 
R ln + a  −  (2 RT ln + a  −  (1
V1 − b  V1 V2  V1 − b  V1 V2 

V2 − b V2 − b
R ln (4 RT ln (3
V1 − b V1 − b

6 78 &IE % % ": % PF : \ . 3 3 SI / #" ' 7 3 3 KL % -140

(www.iranarze.ir) *

T1 > T2 > T3 (1

T1 > T3 > T2 (2

T1 < T2 < T3 (3

.# # </ e/ 3Z <&@L +# # + # C " (4

................. ; %% C !"E % -141

.* /<+ . ) (2 .* /<+ ./ 2N (1

.* @L IA + # 2 1 # + (4 .* +<+ > w (3

www.iranarze.ir : ‫آدرس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ا ان‬

 ‫ا ان‬ $ ‫و!& ه ا‬ ‫ن‬ !‫ و‬# ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫د‬

* _ 8 ": ,C % : \ ;% C #" ' 7 \" % -142

P2 T1 V2 T1 V1 T1 P1 T1
= (4 = (3 = (2 = (1
P1 T2 V1 T2 V2 T2 P2 T2

+30 3 / TI % ;KL R" % ! l %3 3 SI KL ;@ Y \" % 'E3 " : $ -143

% 3 d P % M; C ' 4 +25 @ Y , 3 ik % M ;@TM@5 !"E % $ . '4

(www.iranarze.ir) * ' 4 ! % S @5 !"E

+45(1

-45 (2

-5 (3

+5 (4

kJ kJ
% C -= 4 I ; R" % . u fg = 2000 u f = 400 ;0/8 % C % F ;R \" % -144
kg kg

* / $ - C' 4 - ! [P

-1840 (4 -560 (3 2000 (2 2640(1

i> { n_ 8 $ *) -145

 ∂h   ∂u   ∂h 
cV =   (4 c P + c V = R (3 cP =   (2 c P =   (1
 ∂T  P  ∂T V  ∂T P

www.iranarze.ir : ‫آدرس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ا ان‬

 ‫ا ان‬ $ ‫و!& ه ا‬ ‫ن‬ !‫ و‬# ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫د‬

C Iz C 150 C C A : $ F . B: $' 3 A: $' 2K :$e - \" -146

! e - R" % d , F . % C Iz C 200 C C B : $ F }

* Iz C

> M1 60 (4 |B M 1 175 (3 |B M 1 180 (2 > M1 300(1

................... d Ld x GI B" g -147

.> *+ # < A + } Y `/ @ < @ ) R/ + 3 #(1

.> *+ } Y `/ @ ) 3 # (2

>C!J > <R = > 3 # < A + } Y `/ @ R/ + # (3

5 # > <R = > @ R/ + 3 # (4

NA
* / PYI . $ / TI Yd \" % A + 2B → C ^! -148
∑ Ni
2 1 1 1
(4 − (3 (2 (1
3 3 3 2

* 6 78 ": ,C % : \ -149

N A = ( N A + N B ) x B − D ABc∇x B (2 N A = ( N A + N B ) x A − D AB c∇x A (1

N A = ( N A + N B ) x A + D ABc∇x A (4 N A = ( N A + N B ) x B + D AB c∇x B (3

B ~# d % ; ! x GI B R ~# % " d M % A ~# ,o : $@ Y \" % -150

(www.iranarze.ir) * C G8

A ~2 9 9 # = } Y # $*7(1

B ~2 9 9 # = } Y < A + } Y 9 (2

www.iranarze.ir : ‫آدرس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ا ان‬

 ‫ا ان‬ $ ‫و!& ه ا‬ ‫ن‬ !‫ و‬# ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫د‬

B ~2 9 >C!J M @0 # $*7 # (3

B ~2 >(L A ~2 # / >C!J M @0 (4

% !"#$ / . 3 C2 F' ;: \" % / 'oI - F \" % Sherwood F -151

(www.iranarze.ir) *

.> @ #> = >) 5 N I/ (1

.> @ # $ O >) 5 N I/ (2

.> # I /: L N I/ 5 # (3

.> # @ g/#2 @L I/ 9 " A (4

' c7 ; C fo n C \" % > % = ;( ! Y5 d 5 8% ) iE 8% ' I 92% e - $ -152

(www.iranarze.ir) * 5 = n C R" R "

[ 0 € (/ = ]O (2 ]O 10% = 90%(1

[ 0 € (/ = A (4 ]O 90% = 10% (3

-F . I YL" % M % ;n C @5 S 5 ! : ; fo n C \" % -153

(www.iranarze.ir) ..................... R" 3 " R"

.> # # 0 P *5 # • > 3 >(L (1

.> @ # x=0 g/#2 ‚ = = O 8 ƒ !G+ (2

.> @ # x=1 g/#2 ‚ = = O 8 ƒ !G+ (3

.> # #/ L < I/ # $ @ * + (4

www.iranarze.ir : ‫آدرس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ا ان‬

 ‫ا ان‬ $ ‫و!& ه ا‬ ‫ن‬ !‫ و‬# ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫د‬

G$ ; C Pq (q line) > % = ,= B a ; fo K€ Y KM C McCabe r % % -145

....................

.> # b/ + d 0(1

.> „ ( W N G d 0 (2

.> G b/ + <1 !G+ d 0 (3

.* „ ( W N G / (subcool) b/ + > IA + d 0 (4

C x ρ = 0 / 50 >% = % #!C d ~# ; - YI G" % 8 C R€ d – #!C e - fo % -155

, ; 0/30 C C : w fo j b 3 I a C% #!C d ~# $ . α = 2/5 @ Y R"

* C 5 = I U fo : 3 K8 M 3 % Em % C% #!C d ~#

0/517 @AB ) (4 0/75 (3 0/517 @3 2 (2 0/517 (1

* $ j c S C 4 I ; ": m" – m" n 5r % : \ % YL" ," % -156

#< • (4 9 • (3 * )O • (2 RDC • (1

(www.iranarze.ir) * 3 G !"E / C{ ;[+g Y q-q / $ " -157

• G@ U F (4 • G@ (3 U F (2 8 =(1

> % = 3 C : LY" . " &I ' c7 % 8 % ;3 !! P ! : KLS • -? - F % -158

(www.iranarze.ir) * / 5 > % = r % R" &C ; C c

' AR+ (4 @L+ (3 9 + (2 e!@G+(1

www.iranarze.ir : ‫آدرس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ا ان‬

 ‫ا ان‬ $ ‫و!& ه ا‬ ‫ن‬ !‫ و‬# ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫د‬

K" P 8% 60 M A3 @5 C QI ! A + R → R + R %#d ^! / TI C -159

(www.iranarze.ir) * ! &!S E / TI C % " 5% % "% %[ I ;

Recycle (4 mixed *R Plug (3 Plug *R mixed (2 mixed(1

' l oa ! . / TI I% 
% \" % A ←→ B, k1 = 1min −1 , k 2 = 0 / 01min −1 ^!
1
-160
2

* C d K" P 8% 80 C K" P # S

1/6 (4 2/3 (3 1/3 (2 0/7(1

2
!I % % \" $ . $ % 8 LSC % % \" % K" P # C A→R ' % ^! -161
3

* % o K" P 8% ;@ ! g E C % l C ," •GM C ' % %

3 2 8 5
(4 (3 (2 (1
4 3 9 6

A + B → R
j 5 $ . !! ; : " C ^! % B A 53 I B -162
2A + B → S

* ! &!S % ": 5@ Y : \ ; C R % o R" S C C C

www.iranarze.ir : ‫آدرس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ا ان‬

 ‫ا ان‬ $ ‫و!& ه ا‬ ‫ن‬ !‫ و‬# ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫د‬

R" % . C C "k I S$ C ^! R" d F A $^! H-. C C 4 C -163

* Y ^!

1 1
4 (4 2 (3 (2 (1
2 4

d 2 T 1 dT
$. C I \" % ? 3 !5 SI ; + + β2 = 0 - YI G" d -164
dr 2 r dr

* 6 78 !"#$ / ; C Cz F β T∞ C C C I 6f %

β2 r β2
T − T∞ = (2 T − T∞ = ( r° − r ) (1
4 r° 2

β2 2 2
T − T∞ =
4
( r° − r ) (4 T − T∞ = β2 ( e r° − e r ) (3

∂u ∂u ∂u ∂ 2u
* / = =0 : ," C = α 2 K YI G" d i -165
∂x x =0 ∂x x =L ∂t ∂x

2
 2n +1   nπ 
∞ −α  π t 2n + 1 ∞ −α   t nπx
∑A e
n =0
n
 2L 
sin
2L
πx (2 ∑A e
n =0
n
 L
cos
L
(1

2
 2n +1   nπ 
∞ −α π t 2n + 1 ∞ −α   t nπx
∑A en =0
n
 2L 
cos
2L
πx (4 ∑A e
n =0
n
 L
sin
L
(3

* / x1 3 UIE ; C xn = 0 U!5 x 2 − 2 − e − x = 0 d KM C Y %–R I r % % -166

Y_ (4 3 (3 1 (2 2(1

(www.iranarze.ir) * /: mC P 7 ! /$ 5 C sI % r % % -167

1 (4 2 (3 3 (2 4(1

www.iranarze.ir : ‫آدرس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ا ان‬

 ‫ا ان‬ $ ‫و!& ه ا‬ ‫ن‬ !‫ و‬# ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫د‬

% " < c= % . C 1 + GII = s 4 + s 3 + 2s 2 + 1 % 8 C YC % @Y c S d -168

(www.iranarze.ir) * 6 78 !"#$ / ;@ Y R"

.> */ : @L I/ (1

.> * ) */ : / g/ 9 # @L I/ (2

.> * ) */ : / # 9 # @L I/ (3

.> * ) */ : / 9 # @L I/ (4

* / 3 &C M% o ; % C % Y € L" I / $ " % -169

-2/5 (2 -0/4(1

2/5 (4 0/4 (3

BI T B ω=8 % . C GH =
( 0 / 5s + 1) % 8 C Y :C% K" P mC -170
s ( 0 /1s + 1)( 0 / 2s + 1)

(www.iranarze.ir) * / Bode

1 (4 Y_ (3 -1 (2 -2(1

www.iranarze.ir : ‫آدرس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا تا‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ا ان‬