TOMAS OPPUS CAMPUS

San Isidro, Tomas Oppus, Southern Leyte

Contact Nos: 09533563909; 09296179362
Email: slsu_tomas_oppus@yahoo.com
Website: www.southernleytestateu.edu.ph
Excellence | Service | Leadership and Good Governance | Innovation | Social Responsibility | Integrity | Professionalism | Spirituality

PLACES AND LANDSCAPE

IN THE
CHANGING WORLD

MODULE IN:
“HOW AGRICULTURE HELP PEOPLE”

Submitted by: MARY JOY RANARA

BSED SOCIAL SCIENCE 301

Submitted to: Mr. Enrique E. Balili Jr.

 CHAPTER II: LANDSCAPES OF PRIMARY ACTIVITIES- AGRICULTURE
LESSON 1: HOW AGRICULTURE HELP PEOPLE

Introduction
The term Agriculture is derived from two Latin words ager or agri meaning soil
and cultura or Cultus meaning cultivation. Agriculture is an applied science which encompasses
all aspects of crop production including horticulture, livestock rearing, fisheries, forestry, etc.
Agriculture is defined in the Agriculture act (1947), as including “horticulture, fruit growing,
seed growing, dairy farming and livestock breeding and keeping, the use of land as grazing land,
meadow land, osier land, market gardens and nursery grounds, and the use of land for
woodlands where that use ancillary to the farming of land for Agricultural purposes”.

Lesson Objectives
At the end of this lesson, students are expected to:
 Explain the significant role of agriculture in the early realization of social and economic
development

Activate Prior Knowledge

Before you proceed in studying this lesson, you must first fill-up the K-W-L
table below. What you are going to do is to list down what are the things that you have known
(prior knowledge) of this lesson in the K column, then the things that you want to know
(wanted to learn) in the W column, and after the discussion and further activities, you will also
enumerate the things that you have learned from this lesson in the L column. Make your own
table and do not limit your list of the number of rows provided in each column. Add more rows
if needed.
Write your answer on a separate sheet.
K W L

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
Acquire New Knowledge
Since you’re through in filling-up the K-W-L table, let’s now proceed to acquire new knowledge
by reading and understanding the information below.

AGRICULTURE

Agriculture is the art and science of cultivating the soil, growing crops and raising
livestock, rearing, feeding, and managing animals. Agriculture began when humans first
domesticated plants and animals for their use. It includes the preparation of plant and
animal products for people to use and their distribution to markets.
Agriculture provides most of the world’s food and fabrics. Cotton, wool, and leather are
all agricultural products. 
Agriculture also provides wood for construction and paper products. These products, as
well as the agricultural methods used, may vary from one part of the world to another.

The agriculture can be categories into seven branches. These seven branches of agriculture are
as follows:
1. Agronomy- deals with the production of various crops which includes food crops,
fodder crops, fiber crops, sugar, oilseeds, etc. The aim is to improve the use of soil and
increase the production of food and fiber crops.
2. Horticulture-mainly deals with the production of fruits, vegetables, flowers,
ornamental plants, spices, condiments and beverages.
3. Forestry-deals with production of large scale cultivation of perennial trees for
supplying wood, timber, rubber, etc. it also provides raw materials for industries. It is
the management of forested land, together with associated waters and wasteland,
primarily for harvesting timber.
4. Animal husbandry- deals with agricultural practice of breeding and raising livestock in
order to provide food for humans and to provide power (draught) and manure for crops.
It is the branch of agriculture concerned with animals that are raised for meat, fiber,
milk, eggs, or other products. It includes day-to-day care, selective breeding and the
raising of livestock.
5. Fishery science- deals with practice of breeding and rearing fishes including marine
and inland fishes, shrimps, prawns etc. in order to provide food, feed and manure
6. Agricultural Engineering- deals with the design, construction and improvement of
farming equipment and machinery. It also involves farm machinery for filed
preparation, inter-cultivation, harvesting and post-harvest processing including soil and
water conservation engineering and bio-energy.
7. Home science- deals with application and utilization of agricultural produces in a better
manner in order to provide nutritional security, including value addition and food
preparation.

JUST THINK!!!
 Why is it essential for us to understand the concept of agriculture?
 Agriculture plays a critical role in the entire life of a given economy. It is essential for us
to know the different agricultural branches and understand its meaning as the primary aim of
this branch is to improve food production and cropping techniques. In digging deeper, we must
also identify its types and its agricultural crops and productions.

There are (6) main types of Agriculture:

1. Mixed Crop and Livestock

 It is a type of farming which involves both the growing of crops and the raising of
livestock. Such agriculture occurs across Asia and in countries such as India, Malaysia,
Indonesia, Afghanistan, South Africa, China, Central Europe, Canada, and Russia. The
cultivation of crops alongside the rearing of animals for meat or eggs or milk defines
mixed farming. For example, a mixed farm may grow cereal crops such as wheat or rye
and also keep cattle, sheep, pigs or poultry. Often the dung from the cattle serves to
fertilize the cereal crops.

2. Dairy Farming
 Dairying, also called dairy farming, branch of agriculture that encompasses the breeding,
raising, and utilization of dairy animals, primarily cows, for the production of milk and
the various dairy products processed from it.

3. Grain Farming
 Grain farmers grow crops used for animal feed or as food for people. Because grain
farming is highly mechanized, farmers invest heavily in equipment, land, and buildings.
Grain farming is outdoor, seasonal work. is the harvested seed of grasses such as  wheat,
oats, rice, sorghum, millet, rye, and barley. Grain is the harvested seed of grasses such as
wheat, oats, rice, and corn.

4. Livestock Ranching
 Ranching is the practice of raising herds of animals on large tracts of land. Ranchers
commonly raise grazing animals such as cattle and sheep. Livestock ranching is
concerned with producing meat, milk, eggs, wool, and leather production.

5. Mediterranean Agriculture

 The most relevant crops of this kind of systems from food crops production to
cultivation of planted crops like olives, nuts, figs, grapes, citrus fruits and dates to
farming of fruits and vegetables, Mediterranean agriculture has it all. Wheat is the most
important crop grown in this region which most of their global production is located in
areas with a Mediterranean climate. Mediterranean climate, characterized by hot, dry
summers and cool, wet winters and located between about 30° and 45° latitude north
and south of the Equator and on the western sides of continent. Mediterranean crops are
mostly found in Chile, California, Australia, Oregon, South Africa and the landscape is
mountainous.
 6. Commercial Gardening and Fruit Farming
 In the United States, it is the predominant type of agriculture in the Southeast, the region
with a warm and humid climate and a long growing season.

Apple Farming Lettuce Green Factory

HOW DOES AGRICULTURE HELP PEOPLE?

Civilization began with agriculture, and though humanity has changed significantly,
agriculture still remains very important. In certain countries, its significance is more obvious,
but the reality is that every country in the world depends on agriculture for one thing or
another.
1. It’s the source of our food supply
Arguably the most important aspect of agriculture is that it’s the source of the world’s food
supply. No matter where or what you are eating, the ingredients in your meals came from
somewhere. All roads lead to agriculture. In countries dealing with food insecurity and severe
malnourishment, it’s because their agriculture sectors are suffering. When agriculture thrives,
fewer people go hungry.
3. It’s the main source of raw materials
Many raw materials, whether it’s cotton, sugar, wood, or palm oil, come from agriculture. These
materials are essential to major industries in ways many people aren’t even aware of, such as
the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, diesel fuel, plastic, and more. In fact, raw materials are so
important in production that the economic health of a country strongly depends on how many
raw materials it possesses.
4. It’s important to international trade
Raw materials from agriculture make up a huge portion of what’s traded internationally.
Countries with plenty of those supplies export them and trade for materials they don’t have. If a
country’s agriculture suffers for some reason, prices can go up and it disrupts the flow of trade.
Currently, the EU is the first trader of agricultural products in the world, both for imports and
exports.
5. It plays a big role in a nation’s revenue
Speaking of trade, developing countries still get most of their national income from agricultural
exports. While developed countries don’t depend on agriculture as much as they used to, their
economies would definitely take a hit if all exports suddenly stopped.
6. It provides employment
The agricultural industry is still one of the biggest sources of employment and in many areas,
it’s actually booming. Whether it’s working as a farmer, harvester, technician for farm
equipment, scientist, and so on, there are plenty of jobs available in this field. In developing
countries, agricultural jobs help reduce high rates of unemployment. When it comes to reducing
poverty, evidence shows that focusing on agriculture is significantly more effective than
investing in other areas.
7. It’s crucial to a country’s development
Economic development is tied to a country’s agriculture sector. When trade, national revenue,
and employment are combined in a positive way, a country enjoys reduced poverty and boosted
economic growth. Because strong agriculture results in benefits fairly quickly, focusing on it is
one of the best ways to speed up development and improve a country’s standing in the world.
8. It can help heal the environment
Agriculture possesses the power to harm or heal. When farmers prioritize biodiversity on their
land, it benefits the earth. Having more biodiversity results in healthier soil, less erosion, better
water conservation, and healthier pollinators. This is all good news for the environment as a
whole, making agriculture an important part of the cycle of life.
9. It drives innovation in technology
Because healthy agriculture is so essential to a country’s well-being, it’s been the setting of some
of the most exciting innovations in technology. Through artificial intelligence, block chain
software, gene manipulation, and more, scientists and farmers have been figuring out ways to
increase crop productivity, use less water, and reduce negative impacts on the environment. For
scientists and tech companies, agribusiness is one of the most fascinating and productive fields
to work in.
10. The state of agriculture reflects our future
When it comes to pollution and climate change, the environment and agriculture suffer the
quickest and with the clearest consequences. If effective changes aren’t made, climate change’s
impact on agriculture will decimate a country’s economy and eventually wipe out the food
supply. To get a better idea about where humanity is going to end up, look at agriculture. What’s
being done to adapt to a rapidly-changing climate? What will our food supply look like? The
state of agriculture is a good litmus test of what we can expect the future to look like.

THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURE TO THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

The agriculture sector is the backbone of an economy which provides the basic
ingredients to mankind and now raw material for industrialization.
Increase in agricultural production and the rise in the per-capita income of the rural
community, together with the industrialization and urbanization, lead to an increased demand
in industrial production.” In this way, agricultural sector helps promote economic growth by
securing as a supplement to industrial sector. Economic development is a process of structural
transformation, and agriculture is the essential engine to jumpstart the process. Ending hunger
and undernutrition are also important goals of agricultural modernization and for economic
transformation. While only a few countries have yet successfully achieved high-income status,
the potential is there for all of them, and it starts with modernizing agriculture.
Agriculture plays a major role in economic growth and development. As the provider of food it
is a cornerstone of human existence. As a furnisher of industrial raw materials it is an important
contributor to economic activity in other sectors of the economy.
ITS CONTRIBUTION
The most important contribution of agriculture is to provide food supply to
increasing population of the countries of the world. Raising supply of foods by agriculture sector
has, therefore, great importance for economic growth of a country.
THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURE TO SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
It provides about 50 percent of total employment, rising to 66 percent in rural
areas and 75 percent in low-income households. 4 The agricultural sector thus plays a key role
in contributing to food and nutrition security as well as in economic recovery and social
stability.
ITS CONTRIBUTION
As we know, agricultural help the people in many ways includes providing employment rate at
the different parts of the world and also provides higher quality of life.

Since we are done with the lesson proper, you may now proceed in filling the things that
you have learned from this lesson in the L column. Create another table as possible, do not limit
your answers.
K W L

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

LEARNING ASSESSMENT TASK

Direction: Write of encode your answers in a separate sheet of paper. (10 points each)
1. Define agriculture and discuss its significance to the lives of the people.
2. What is the role of agriculture in the early realization of social and economic
development?
3. Why agriculture is important to study in Places and Landscapes? Elaborate.
4. Discuss difference between the branches and types of agriculture.
5. From the different types of agriculture, choose at least (3) three and site at least (1) one
example each base on the agricultural activity that you usually see in your community.
Classified Web References:
1. https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/agriculture/1
2. https://realfarmlives.ca/what-is-agriculture/
3. https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/agriculture.htm
4. https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geography_(Human)/Book
%3A_Introduction_to_Human_Geography_(Dorrell_and_Henderson)/
10%3A_Agriculture_and_Food/10.02%3A_Agricultural_Practices
5. https://www.papertyari.com/general-awareness/agriculture/branches-of-agriculture/
6. https://www.wsfcs.k12.nc.us/cms/lib/NC01001395/Centricity/Domain/1217/
ch10agriculture.ppt
7. https://open.library.okstate.edu/culturalgeography/chapter/5-2-2/
8. https://theimportantsite.com/10-reasons-why-agriculture-is-important/
9. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture/overview
10. https://www.ifpri.org/blog/agriculture-key-economic-transformation-food-security-
and-nutrition
11. https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/sustainable-agriculture/48258861.pdf