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Project Report
on
‘SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT’
(M.B.A PROJECT MANAGEMENT)

BY

SAYED SHAK! SAYED BABAJAN

Re". No. # $$$%&'MBA%%$

$$$%&'MBA%%$

n*er t+e G,-*nce o/ 

Mr.SUNIL JHA

Qualification- B.Tech (Hons), MBA, DBA, (IAU,USA)

Profession-Director-Yes Education

KARNATAKA STATE OPEN N0ERSTY

MKTHAGANGOTR1 MYSORE 23% %%4

JAN’'%$& E56-nt-on

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 A
Project Report
on
‘SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT’
Ren*ere* 78 Ren*ere* 78

Ye9 E*,ct-on M,:,n* M,67-

S,76-tte* to

KARNATAKA STATE OPEN N0ERSTY

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SAYED SHAK! SAYED BABAJAN

Re". No. # $$$%&'MBA%%$

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Mr.SUNIL JHA
Qualification- B.Tech (Hons), MBA, DBA, (IAU,USA)
Profession-Director-Yes Education

KARNATAKA STATE OPEN N0ERSTY

MKTHAGANGOTR1 MYSORE 23% %%4

JAN’'%$& E56-nt-on

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 A
Project Report
on
‘SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT’
Ren*ere* 78 Ren*ere* 78

Ye9 E*,ct-on M,:,n* M,67-

S,76-tte* to

KARNATAKA STATE OPEN N0ERSTY

-n prt-: /,:/-::6ent /or t+e ;r* o/ t+e M.B.A (Project Mn"e6ent)

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SAYED SHAK! SAYED BABAJAN

Re". No. # $$$%&'MBA%%$

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n*er t+e G,-*nce o/ 

Mr.SUNIL JHA
Qualification- B.Tech (Hons), MBA, DBA, (IAU,USA)
Profession-Director-Yes Education

KARNATAKA STATE OPEN N0ERSTY

MKTHAGANGOTR1 MYSORE 23% %%4

JAN’'%$& E56-nt-on

2
 KARNATAKA STATE OPEN
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Project Cert-/-cte

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MANAGEMENT)

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KARNATAKA STATE OPEN N0ERSTY
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APP!CATON @OR OBTANNG APPRO0A! @OR TT!E O@ PROJECT

AND >!!NGNESS O@ THE

 NAME O@ THE CORSE >TH #MBA PROJECT MANAGEMENT

SPECA!SATON

ENRO!!MENT NO #$$$%&'MBA%%$

 NAME AND ADDRESS O@ THE CANDDATE #SAYED SHAK! SAYED BABAJAN

STA BA CHA>! NO.41HARYA!
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 NAME O@ THE STDY CENTRE  CODE #YES EDCATONCo*e 4%3

TT!E O@ THE PROJECT (n B:oc< !etter9) #So-:* >9te Mn"e6ent Project

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 NAME O@ THE GDE # Mr.Sunil Kumar Jha

IA!@CATON O@ THE GDE # B.Tech (Hons), MBA, DBA, (IAU,USA)

EPERENCE N THE RESPECT0E CADRE # 10 Years

DESGNATON O@ THE GDE # Manain Direc!or

ADDRESS (CONTACT NO) # Y"S "DU#ATI$%, &01, 'A%A

#$MM"#IA* '*A+A,
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5
SO!D >ASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT

T7:e o/ Content9

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4. PROJECT OBJECT0ES.........................................................................................&

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7
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9
9t7-:-t8 n* co?ere* to pre?ent ttrct-n" ?er6-n (9,c+ 9 6-ce or rt9). Mn8 :n*/-::9 :9o +?e

:n*/-:: "9 e5trct-on 989te69 -n9t::e* to e5trct t+e :n*/-:: "9. G9 -9 p,6pe* o,t o/ t+e

:n*/-:: ,9-n" per/orte* p-pe9 n* /:re* o// or 7,rnt -n  "9 en"-ne to "enerte e:ectr-c-t8.

nc-nert-on

nc-nert-on -9  *-9po9: 6et+o* -n ;+-c+ 9o:-* or"n-c ; 9te9 re 9,7jecte* to co67,9t-on 9o 9

to con?ert t+e6 -nto re9-*,e n* "9eo,9 pro*,ct9. T+-9 6et+o* -9 ,9e/,: /or *-9po9: o/ re9-*,e

o/ 7ot+ 9o:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent n* 9o:-* re9-*,e /ro6 ;9te ;ter 6n"e6ent. T+-9 proce99

re*,ce9 t+e ?o:,6e9 o/ 9o:-* ;9te to '% to % percent o/ t+e or-"-n: ?o:,6e. nc-nert-on n*

ot+er +-"+ te6pert,re ;9te tret6ent 989te69 re 9o6et-6e9 *e9cr-7e* 9 t+er6: tret6ent.

nc-nertor9 con?ert ;9te 6ter-:9 -nto +et1 "91 9te6 n* 9+.

nc-nert-on -9 crr-e* o,t 7ot+ on  96:: 9c:e 78 -n*-?-*,:9 n* on  :r"e 9c:e 78 -n*,9tr8. t

-9 ,9e* to *-9po9e o/ 9o:-*1 :-,-* n* "9eo, 9 ;9te. t -9 reco"n-Le* 9  prct-c: 6et+o* o/

*-9po9-n" o/ cert-n +Lr*o,9 ;9te 6ter-:9 (9,c+ 9 7-o:o"-c: 6e*-c: ;9te). nc-nert-on -9

 contro?er9-: 6et+o* o/ ;9te *-9po9:1 *,e to -99,e9 9,c+ 9 e6-99-on o/ "9eo,9 po::,tnt9.

nc-nert-on -9 co66on -n co,ntr-e9 9,c+ 9 Jpn ;+ere :n* -9 6ore 9crce1 9 t+e9e /c-:-t-e9

"ener::8 *o not re,-re 9 6,c+ re 9 :n*/-::9. >9tetoener"8 (>tE) or ener"8/ro6;9te

(E/>) re 7ro* ter69 /or /c-:-t-e9 t+t 7,rn ;9te -n  /,rnce or 7o-:er to "enerte +et1 9te6

or e:ectr-c-t8. Co67,9t-on -n n -nc-nertor -9 not :;89 per/ect n* t+ere +?e 7een concern9

7o,t po::,tnt9 -n "9eo,9 e6-99-on9 /ro6 -nc-nertor 9tc<9. Prt-c,:r concern +9 /oc,9e* on

9o6e ?er8 per9-9tentor"n-c co6po,n*9 9,c+ 9 *-o5-n91 /,rn91 n* PAH91 ;+-c+ 68 7e

crete* n* ;+-c+ 68 +?e 9er-o,9 en?-ron6ent: con9e,ence9.

Rec8c:-n"

10
Rec8c:-n" -9  re9o,rce reco?er8 prct-ce t+t re/er9 to t+e co::ect-on n* re,9e o/ ;9te

6ter-:9 9,c+ 9 e6pt8 7e?er"e cont-ner9. T+e 6ter-:9 /ro6 ;+-c+ t+e -te69 re 6*e cn

 7e reproce99e* -nto ne; pro*,ct9. Mter-: /or rec8c:-n" 68 7e co::ecte* 9eprte:8 /ro6

"ener: ;9te ,9-n" *e*-cte* 7-n9 n* co::ect-on ?e+-c:e91  proce*,re c::e* <er79-*e

co::ect-on. n 9o6e co66,n-t-e91 t+e o;ner o/ t+e ;9te -9 re,-re* to 9eprte t+e 6ter-:9 -nto

?r-o,9 *-//erent 7-n9 (e.". /or pper1 p:9t-c91 6et:9) pr-or to -t9 co::ect-on. n ot+er

co66,n-t-e91 :: rec8c:7:e 6ter-:9 re p:ce* -n  9-n":e 7-n /or co::ect-on1 n* t+e 9ort-n" -9

+n*:e* :ter t  centr: /c-:-t8. T+e :tter 6et+o* -9 <no;n 9 9-n":e9tre6 rec8c:-n".

T+e 6o9t co66on con9,6er pro*,ct9 rec8c:e* -nc:,*e :,6-n-,6 9,c+ 9 7e?er"e

cn91 copper 9,c+ 9 ;-re1 9tee: /ro6 /oo* n* ero9o: cn91 o:* 9tee: /,rn-9+-n"9 or

e,-p6ent1 po:8et+8:ene n* PET7ott:e91 ":99 7ott:e9 n* jr91 pper7or* crton91 ne;9pper91

6"L-ne9 n* :-"+t pper1 n*corr,"te* /-7er7or* 7o5e9.

P0C1 !DPE1 PP1 n* PS (9ee re9-n -*ent-/-ct-on co*e) re :9o rec8c:7:e. T+e9e -te69 re

,9,::8 co6po9e* o/  9-n":e t8pe o/ 6ter-:1 6<-n" t+e6 re:t-?e:8 e98 to rec8c:e -nto ne;

 pro*,ct9. T+e rec8c:-n" o/ co6p:e5 pro*,ct9 (9,c+ 9 co6p,ter9 n* e:ectron-c e,-p6ent) -9

6ore *-//-c,:t1 *,e to t+e **-t-on: *-96nt:-n" n* 9eprt-on re,-re*.

T+e t8pe o/ 6ter-: ccepte* /or rec8c:-n" ?r-e9 78 c-t8 n* co,ntr8. Ec+ c-t8 n* co,ntr8 +9

*-//erent rec8c:-n" pro"r69 -n p:ce t+t cn +n*:e t+e ?r-o,9 t8pe9 o/ rec8c:7:e 6ter-:9.

Ho;e?er1 cert-n ?r-t-on -n cceptnce -9 re/:ecte* -n t+e re9:e ?:,e o/ t+e 6ter-: once -t -9

reproce99e*.

S,9t-n7-:-t8

T+e 6n"e6ent o/ ;9te -9  <e8 co6ponent -n  7,9-ne99 7-:-t8 to

6-nt-n-n" SO$&%%$ccre*-tt-on. Co6pn-e9 re enco,r"e* to -6pro?e t+e-r en?-ron6ent:

11
e//-c-enc-e9 ec+ 8er 78 e:-6-nt-n" ;9te t+ro,"+ re9o,rce reco?er8 prct-ce91 ;+-c+ re

9,9t-n7-:-t8re:te* ct-?-t-e9. One ;8 to *o t+-9 -9 78 9+-/t-n" ;8 /ro6 ;9te 6n"e6ent

to re9o,rce reco?er8 prct-ce9 :-<e rec8c:-n"6ter-:9 9,c+ 9 ":991 /oo* 9crp91 pper n*

cr*7or*1 p:9t-c 7ott:e9 n* 6et:.

B-o:o"-c: reproce99-n"

Reco?er7:e 6ter-:9 t+t re or"n-c -n nt,re1 9,c+ 9 p:nt 6ter-:1 /oo* 9crp91 n* pper

 pro*,ct91 cn 7e reco?ere* t+ro,"+ co6po9t-n" n* *-"e9t-on proce99e9 to *eco6po9e t+e

or"n-c 6tter. T+e re9,:t-n" or"n-c 6ter-: -9 t+en rec8c:e* 9 6,:c+ or co6po9t /or

"r-c,:t,r: or :n*9cp-n" p,rpo9e9. n **-t-on1 ;9te "9 /ro6 t+e proce99 (9,c+ 9 6et+ne)

cn 7e cpt,re* n* ,9e* /or "enert-n" e:ectr-c-t8 n* +et (CHPco"enert-on) 65-6-9-n"

e//-c-enc-e9. T+e -ntent-on o/ 7-o:o"-c: proce99-n" -n ;9te 6n"e6ent -9 to contro: n*

cce:erte t+e nt,r: proce99 o/ *eco6po9-t-on o/ or"n-c 6tter. (See re9o,rce reco?er8).

Ener"8 reco?er8

T+e ener"8 content o/ ;9te pro*,ct9 cn 7e +rne99e* *-rect:8 78 ,9-n" t+e6 9  *-rect

co67,9t-on /,e:1 or -n*-rect:8 78 proce99-n" t+e6 -nto not+er t8pe o/ /,e:. T+er6: tret6ent

rn"e9 /ro6 ,9-n" ;9te 9  /,e: 9o,rce /or coo <-n" or +et-n" n* t+e ,9e o/ t+e "9 /,e: (9ee

7o?e)1 to /,e: /or 7o-:er9 to "enerte 9te6 n* e:ectr-c-t8 -n

 t,r7-ne. P8ro:89-9 n* "9-/-ct-on re t;o re:te* /or69 o/ t+er6: tret6ent ;+ere ;9te

6ter-:9 re +ete* to +-"+ te6pert,re9 ;-t+ :-6-te* o58"en?-:7-:-t8. T+e proce99 ,9,::8

occ,r9 -n  9e:e* ?e99e: ,n*er +-"+ pre99,re. P8ro:89-9 o/ 9o:-* ;9te con?ert9 t+e 6ter-: -nto

9o:-*1 :-,-* n* "9 pro*,ct9. T+e :-,-* n* "9 cn 7e 7,rnt to pro*,ce ener"8 or re/-ne* -nto

ot+er c+e6-c: pro*,ct9 (c+e6-c: re/-ner8). T+e 9o:-* re9-*,e (c+r) cn 7e /,rt+er re/-ne* -nto

 pro*,ct9 9,c+ 9 ct-?te* cr7on. G9-/-ct-on n* *?nce* P:96 rc "9-/-ct-on re ,9e* to

12
con?ert or"n-c 6ter-:9 *-rect:8 -nto  98nt+et-c "9 (98n"9) co6po9e* o/ cr7on

6ono5-*e n* +8*ro"en. T+e "9 -9 t+en 7,rnt to pro*,ce e:ectr-c-t8 n* 9te6. An :ternt-?e to

 p8ro:89-9 -9 +-"+ te6pert,re n* pre99,re 9,percr-t-c: ;ter *eco6po9-t-on (+8*rot+er6:

6onop+9-c o5-*t-on).

Re9o,rce reco?er8

Re9o,rce reco?er8 (9 oppo9e* to ;9te 6n"e6ent) ,9e9 !CA (:-/e c8c:e n:89-9) tte6pt9 to

o//er :ternt-?e9 to ;9te 6n"e6ent. @or 6-5e* MS> (M,n-c-p: So:-* >9te)  n,67er o/

 7ro* 9t,*-e9 +?e -n*-cte* t+t *6-n-9trt-on1 9o,rce 9eprt-on n* co::ect-on /o::o;e* 78

re,9e n* rec8c:-n" o/ t+e nonor"n-c /rct-on n* ener"8 n* co6po9t/ert-:-Ler pro*,ct-on o/

t+e or"n-c 6ter-: ?- nero7-c *-"e9t-on to 7e t+e /?o,re* pt+.

A?o-*nce n* re*,ct-on 6et+o*9

An -6portnt 6et+o* o/ ;9te 6n"e6ent -9 t+e pre?ent-on o/ ;9te 6ter-: 7e-n" crete*1

:9o <no;n 9 ;9te re*,ct-on. Met+o*9 o/ ?o-*nce -nc:,*e re,9e o/ 9econ*+n* pro*,ct91

rep-r-n" 7ro<en -te69 -n9te* o/ 7,8-n" ne;1 *e9-"n-n" pro*,ct9 to 7e re/-::7:e or re,97:e

(9,c+ 9 cotton -n9te* o/ p:9t-c 9+opp-n" 7"9)1 en co,r"-n" con9,6er9 to ?o-* ,9-n"

*-9po97:e pro*,ct9 (9,c+ 9 *-9po97:e c,t:er8)1 re6o?-n" n8 /oo*:-,-* re6-n9 /ro6 cn9

n* pc<"-n"1 n* *e9-"n-n" pro*,ct9 t+t ,9e :e99 6ter-: to c+-e?e t+e 96e p,rpo9e (/or

e56p:e1 :-"+t;e-"+t-n" o/ 7e?er"e cn9).

>9te +n*:-n" n* trn9port

>9te co::ect-on 6et+o*9 ?r8 ;-*e:8 6on" *-//erent co,ntr-e9 n* re"-on9. Do6e9t-c ;9te

co::ect-on 9er?-ce9 re o/ten pro?-*e* 78 :oc: "o?ern6ent ,t+or-t-e91 or 78 pr-?te co6pn-e9

-n t+e -n*,9tr8. So6e re91 e9pec-::8 t+o9e -n :e99 *e?e:ope* co,ntr-e91 *o not +?e  /or6:

;9teco::ect-on 989te6. E56p:e9 o/ ;9te +n*:-n" 989te69 -nc:,*e#

13
n E,rope n*  /e; ot+er p:ce9 ro,n* t+e ;or:*1  /e; co66,n-t-e9 ,9e  propr-etr8

co::ect-on 989te6 <no;n 9 En?c1 ;+-c+ con?e89 re/,9e ?- ,n*er"ro,n* con*,-t9 ,9-n" 

?c,,6 989te6. Ot+er ?c,,679e* 9o:,t-on9 -nc:,*e t+e MetroT-/,n 9-n":e:-ne n* r-n"

:-ne ,to6t-c ;9te co::ect-on 989te61 ;+ere t+e ;9te -9 ,to6t-c::8 co::ecte* t+ro,"+

re:t-?e:8 96:: *-6eter /:e5-7:e p-pe9 /ro6 ;9te co::ect-on po-nt9 9pre* o,t ,p to  *-9tnce

o/ /o,r <-:o6etre9 /ro6 t+e ;9te co::ect-on9 9tt-on9.

n Cn*-n ,r7n centre9 c,r79-*e co::ect-on -9 t+e 6o9t co66on 6et+o* o/ *-9po9:1 ;+ere78

t+e c-t8 co::ect9 ;9te n*or rec8c:7:e9 n*or or"n-c9 on  9c+e*,:e* 79-9. n r,r: re9

 peop:e o/ten *-9po9e o/ t+e-r ;9te 78 +,:-n" -t to  trn9/er 9tt-on. >9te co::ecte* -9 t+en

trn9porte* to  re"-on: :n*/-::.

n C+-n1 P:9t-c p8ro:89-9 or T-re p8ro:89-9 -9# t+e proce99 o/ con?ert-n" ;9te p:9t-ct-re9 -nto

-n*,9tr-: /,e:9 :-<e p8ro:89-9 o-:1 cr7on 7:c< n* +8*rocr7on "9.En* pro*,ct9 re ,9e* 9

-n*,9tr-: /,e:9 /or pro*,c-n" +et1 9te6 or e:ectr-c-t8. P8ro:89-9 p:nt -9 :9o <no;n 9#

 p8ro:89-9 ,n-t1 p:9t-c to /,e: -n*,9tr81 t-re to /,e: -n*,9tr81 p:9t-c n* t-re rec8c:-n" ,n-t etc.T+e

989te6 -9 ,9e* -n SA1 C:-/orn-1 A,9tr:-1 Greece1 Me5-co1 t+e n-te* K-n"*o6 n* -n

9re:.@or e56p:e1 RESEM p8ro:89-9 p:nt t+t +9 7een opert-on: t Te59 SA 9-nce

Dece67er '%$$1 n* proce99e9 ,p to 4% ton9 per *8.

n T-pe-1 t+e c-t8 "o?ern6ent c+r"e9 -t9 +o,9e+o:*9 n* -n*,9tr-e9 /or t+e ?o:,6e o/ r,77-9+

t+e8 pro*,ce. >9te ;-:: on:8 7e co::ecte* 78 t+e c-t8 co,nc-: -/ ;9te -9 *-9po9e* -n "o?ern6ent

-99,e* r,77-9+ 7"9. T+-9 po:-c8 +9 9,cce99/,::8 re*,ce* t+e 6o,nt o/ ;9te t+e c-t8 pro*,ce9

n* -ncre9e* t+e rec8c:-n" rte.

n 9re:1 t+e Arro; Eco:o"8 co6pn8 +9 *e?e:ope* t+e Arro;B-o 989te61 ;+-c+ t<e9 tr9+

*-rect:8 /ro6 co::ect-on tr,c<9 n* 9eprte9 or"n-c n* -nor"n-c 6ter-:9 t+ro,"+

14
"r?-tt-on: 9ett:-n"1 9creen-n"1 n* +8*ro6ec+n-c: 9+re**-n". T+e 989te6 -9 cp7:e o/

9ort-n" +,"e ?o:,6e9 o/ 9o:-* ;9te1 9:?"-n" rec8c:7:e91 n* t,rn-n" t+e re9t -nto 7-o"9 n*

r-c+ "r-c,:t,r: co6po9t. T+e 989te6 -9 ,9e* -n C:-/orn-1 A,9tr:-1 Greece1 Me5-co1 t+e

n-te* K-n"*o6 n* -n 9re:. @or e56p:e1 n Arro;B-o p:nt t+t +9 7een opert-on: t

t+e H-r-8 :n*/-:: 9-te 9-nce Dece67er '%% 9er?e9 t+e Te: A?-? re1 n* proce99e9 ,p to $%

ton9 o/ "r7"e  *8.

n S,*- Ar7- t+ere -9 t+e ;or:*’9 :r"e9t A>CS no; 7e-n" 7,-:t -n t+e ?-c-n-t8 o/ 9:6’9

+o:-e9t 6o9,e (Mecc). D,r-n" t+e R6*n n* Hjj 4%%1%%% <-:o91 or &1%% c,7-c 6eter91 o/

;9te -9 "enerte* ec+ *81 ;+-c+ p,t9  +e?8 *e6n* on t+o9e re9pon9-7:e /or co::ect-n" t+e

;9te n* :-tter. n t+e MetroT-/,n A,to6t-c >9te Co::ect-on S89te61 t+e ;9te -9

,to6t-c::8 co::ecte* /ro6 3& ;9te /ee*-n" po-nt9 9pre* o,t cro99 t+e re n* t+en

trn9/erre* ?-  '%<-:o6etre p-pe net;or< to  ce ntr: co::ect-on po-nt1 <eep-n" :: t+e ;9te

co::ect-n" ct-?-t-e9 o,t o/ 9-"+t n* 7e:o; "ro,n* ;-t+ t+e centr: co::ect-on po-nt ;e:: ;8

/ro6 t+e p,7:-c re9.

n Sn @rnc-9co1 t+e :oc: "o?ern6ent e9t7:-9+e* -t9 Mn*tor8 Rec8c:-n" n* Co6po9t-n"

Or*-nnce -n 9,pport o/ -t9 "o: o/ Lero ;9te 78 '%'%1 re,-r-n" e?er8one -n t+e c-t8 to <eep

rec8c:7:e9 n* co6po9t7:e9 o,t o/ t+e :n*/-::. T+e t+ree 9tre69 re co::ecte* ;-t+ t+e

c,r79-*e @nt9t-c  7-n 989te6  7:,e /or rec8c:7:e91 " reen /or co6po9t7:e91 n* 7:c< /or

:n*/-::7o,n* 6ter-:9  pro?-*e* to re9-*ent9 n* 7,9-ne99e9 n* 9er?-ce* 78 Sn @rnc-9co9

9o:e re/,9e +,:er1 Reco:o"8. T+e C-t89 P8A9Yo,T+ro; 989te6 c+r"e9 c,9to6er9 78 t+e

?o:,6e o/ :n*/-::7o,n* 6ter-:91 ;+-c+ pro?-*e9  /-nnc-: -ncent-?e to 9eprte rec8c:7:e9

n* co6po9t7:e9 /ro6 ot+er *-9cr*9. T+e C-t89 Deprt6ent o/ t+e En?-ron6ent9 ero >9te

15
Pro"r6 +9 :e* t+e C-t8 to c+-e?e F% *-?er9-on1 t+e +-"+e9t *-?er9-on rte -n Nort+ A6er-c.

$Q

>+-:e ;9te trn9port ;-t+-n  "-?en co,ntr8 /::9 ,n*er nt-on: re",:t-on91 trn97o,n*r8

6o?e6ent o/ ;9te -9 o/ten 9,7ject to -nternt-on: tret-e9. A 6jor concern to 6n8 co,ntr-e9

-n t+e ;or:* +9 7een +Lr*o,9 ;9te. T+e B9e: Con?ent-on1 rt-/-e* 78 $3' co,ntr-e91

*eprecte9 6o?e6ent o/ +Lr*o,9 ;9te /ro6 *e?e:ope* to :e99 *e?e:ope* co,ntr-e9. T+e

 pro?-9-on9 o/ t+e B9e: con?ent-on +?e 7een -nte"rte* -nto t+e E ;9te 9+-p6ent re",:t-on.

 N,c:er ;9te1 :t+o,"+ con9-*ere* +Lr*o,91 *oe9 not /:: ,n*er t+e j,r-9*-ct-on o/ t+e B9e:

Con?ent-on.

Tec+no:o"-e9

Tr*-t-on::8 t+e ;9te 6n"e6ent -n*,9tr8 +9 7een 9:o; to *opt ne; tec+no:o"-e9 9,c+

9 R@D(R*-o @re,enc8 *ent-/-ct-on) t"91 GPS n* -nte"rte* 9o/t;re pc<"e9 ;+-c+

en7:e 7etter ,:-t8 *t to 7e co::ecte* ;-t+o,t t+e ,9e o/ e9t-6t-on or 6n,: * t entr8.

Tec+no:o"-e9 :-<e R@D t"9 re no; 7e-n" ,9e* to co::ect *t on pre9entt-on rte9 /or c,r7

9-*e p-c<,p9.

Bene/-t9 o/ GPS trc<-n" -9 prt-c,:r:8 e?-*ent ;+en co n9-*er-n" t+e e//-c-enc8 o/ * +oc p-c<

,p9 (:-<e 9<-p 7-n9 or *,6p9ter9) ;+ere t+e co::ect-on -9 *one on  con9,6er re,e9t 79-9.

nte"rte* 9o/t;re pc<"e9 re ,9e/,: -n ""re"t-n" t+-9 *t /or ,9e -n opt-6-9t-on o/

opert-on9 /or ;9te co::ect-on opert-on9.

Rer ?-9-on c6er9 re co66on:8 ,9e* /or OHS (Occ,pt-on: He:t+  S/et8) re9on9 n*

?-*eo recor*-n" *e?-ce9 re 7eco6-n" 6ore ;-*e:8 ,9e*1 prt-c,:r:8 concern-n" re9-*ent-:

9er?-ce9.

>9te 6n"e6ent concept9

16
T+ere re  n,67er o/ concept9 7o,t ;9te 6n"e6ent ;+-c+ ?r8 -n t+e-r ,9"e 7et;een

co,ntr-e9 or re"-on9. So6e o/ t+e 6o9t "ener:1 ;-*e:8 ,9e* concept9 -nc:,*e#

>9te +-errc+8  T+e ;9te +-errc+8 re/er9 to t+e  R9 re*,ce1 re,9e n* rec8c:e1 ;+-c+

c:99-/8 ;9te 6n"e6ent 9trte"-e9 ccor*-n" to t+e-r *e9-r7-:-t8 -n ter69 o/ ;9te

6-n-6-Lt-on. T+e ;9te +-errc+8 re6-n9 t+e corner9tone o/ 6o9t ;9te 6-n-6-Lt-on

9trte"-e9. T+e -6 o/ t+e ;9te +-errc+8 -9 to e5trct t+e 65-6,6 prct-c: 7ene/-t9 /ro6

 pro*,ct9 n* to "enerte t+e 6-n-6,6 6o,nt o/ ;9te 9ee# re9o,rce reco?er8.

Po::,ter p89 pr-nc-p:e  t+e Po::,ter P89 Pr-nc-p:e -9  pr-nc-p:e ;+ere t+e po::,t-n" prt8 p89

/or t+e -6pct c,9e* to t+e en?-ron6ent. >-t+ re9pect to ;9te 6n"e6ent1 t+-9 "ener::8

re/er9 to t+e re,-re6ent /or  ;9te "enertor to p8 /or ppropr-te *-9po9: o/ t+e

,nreco?er7:e 6ter-:.

T+e 9o:-* ;9te -n :: 6,n-c-p: corport-on9 -9 r-9-n" -n M,67- Metropo:-tn Re"-on. S,c+ r-9e

-n 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on -9 o79er?e* -n Br-+n6,67-1 T+ne1 M-rB+8n*r1 K:8n

Do67-?:-1 :+9n"r1 N?-M,67- n* B+-;n*N-L6p,r M,n-c-p: Corport-on. An

-ncre9e -n 9o:-* ;9te -9 o79er?e* 7ec,9e o/ -ncre9e -n ,r7n-Lt-on1 pop,:t-on *en9-t8 n*

-nco6e1 c+n"-n" /oo* +7-t91 t9te n* pttern. T+e "ro;t+ o/ -n*,9tr81 co66erc-: ,n-t9 9,c+

9 +ote:91 t+eter91 re9t,rnt91 6::9 re r-9-n" /9t. S,c+ ,n-t9 re po9-t-?e:8 contr-7,t-n" to t+e

9o:-* ;9te "enert-on. So:-* ;9te co::ect-on1 9e"re"t-on n* *-9po9: cpc-t8 o/ M,n-c-p:

Corport-on9 -9 :o; n* -n*e,te ;-t+ r-9-n" 9o:-* ;9te. T+ere/ore 6,n-c-p: co rport-on9

6,9t *opt 9c-ent-/-c 6et+o*9 /or co::ect-on1 9e"re"t-on n* *-9po9: o/ 9o:-* ;9te. M,n-c-p:

corport-on9 6,9t cco66o*te pr-?te 9ector /or -n?e9t6ent n* 6n"e6ent o/ 9o:-* ;9te.

r"ent 9tep9 -n t+-9 *-rect-on ;-:: re*,ce t+e ;ter1 -r1 9o-: po::,t-on9 n* +e:t+ +Lr*9. t ;-::

-6pro?e t+e ,:-t8 :-/e o/ peop:e -n M,67- Metropo:-tn Re"-on.

17
'.ntro*,ct-on

So:-* ;9te -9 n -nte"r: prt o/ 6o*ern 9oc-et8. H,6n ct-?-t-e9 crete 9o:-* ;9te n*

-t re,-re* to 9tore1 co::ect n* *-9po9e. / -t -9 not proper:8 6n"e* t+en -t c,9e9 r-9< to

en?-ron6ent n* p,7:-c +e:t+. M,n-c-p: 9o:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent -9  6jor re9pon9-7-:-t8 o/ 

:oc: "o?ern6ent (Sc+,7e:er P.$4).

n M,67- Metropo:-tn Re"-on1 ,r7n-Lt-on1 pop,:t-on1

-n*,9tr-:1 co66erc-: ,n-t "ro;t+ -9 +-"+er. M,67- -9  /-nnc-: cp-t: o/ co ,ntr8. T+ere/ore

6o9t o/ t+e /-nnc-: -n9t-t,t-on91 corporte +e* ,rter9 o/ n,67er o/ n*-n co6pn-e9 n*

MNC’9 re :octe* -n c-t8. T+e "ro;t+ o/ 9er?-ce9 9ector 9,c+ 9 /-nnce1 T1 te:eco61 to,r-961

entert-n6ent1 *?ert-9-n"1 co66,n-ct-on -9 +-"+er -n re"-on. Ser?-ce9 9ector pro?-*e9

enor6o,9 e6p:o86ent opport,n-t-e9 to peop:e. T+ere/ore t+ere -9 cont-n,o,9 6-"rt-on /ro6

r,r: to M,67- Metropo:-tn Re"-on. S<-::e* n* ,n9<-::e* 6-"rnt9 *o not /-n* e6p:o86ent

 pro7:e6 -n re"-on. T+e8 e9-:8 *opt ;-t+ e6p:o86ent opport,n-t-e9 n* +o,9-n". Metropo:-tn

re"-on +9 "oo* connect-?-t8 o/ r-:;8 n* ro*9. B,t r-9-n" pop,:t-on -9 p,tt-n" pre99,re on

e5-9t-n" 6en-t-e9 -n M,67- n* 6,n-c-p: corport-on9 o/ T+ne *-9tr-ct. S,c+ -n*e,te

c-?-c 6en-t-e9 9,c+ 9 ;ter 9,pp:81 +o,9-n"1 trn9portt-on1 +e:t+ cre1 9o:-* ;9te1 9n-tt-on

-9 //ect-n" on ,:-t8 o/ :-/e. t +9 re9,:te* -n to tr//-c1 -::e": 9:,691 *-9e9e9 n* po::,t-on

etc. S-6-:r:8 -nco6e o/ peop:e1 /oo* +7-t91 t9te n* pttern -9 c+n"-n" /9t. So:-* ;9te

6n"e6ent re,-re* ,n-t n* ;r* ;-9e co::ect-on1 9e"re"t-on1 9tor"e1 *-9po97:e 989te6 n*

9c-ent-/-c p:nn-n". @or co::ect-on o/ 9o:-* ;9te1 ;or<er91 r" p-c<er91 "+n t "*-e91 ?e+-c:e9

re re,-re*. M,n-c-p: corport-on9 re re,-re* 7,*"et to p8 ;or<er9 9:r-e91 6-nt-n

?e+-c:e9 n* *,6p-n" "ro,n*9. B,t M,n-c-p: Corport-on9 -n M,67- 6etropo:-tn re"-on *o

not +?e re9o,rce9 /or -n?e9t6ent -n ?r-o,9 ct-?-t-e9. t re9,:t9 -n :o; 6npo;er1 :e99 ?e+-c:e9

n* -rre",:r co::ect-on n* trn9portt-on o/ 9o:-* ;9te. n :o; -nco6e or 9,tter9 9ett:e6ent91

18
;9te co::ect-on -9 o/ten non e5-9tent e-t+er 7ec,9e t+e 9ett:e6ent9 re -n/or6:1 ,np:nne* n*

 po99-7:8 ,n,t+or-Le* or 7ec,9e t+e 9trte"-e9 n* tec+no:o"-e9 *opte* /or 9er?-ce pro?-9-on

re -nppropr-te /or opert-n" -n 9ett:e6ent9 ;-t+ nrro; n* ,np:nne* 9treet9 n* :ne9 (+,

D. et.: '%%F). M,n-c-p: corport-on9 *o not +?e *e,te *,6p-n" "ro,n*9 /or 9o:-* ;9te

*-9po9:. A:: t+e9e /ctor9 :e* to :o;er co?er"e o/ 9o:-* ;9te -n 6,n-c-p: corport-on9. T+e

9o:-* ;9te -9 t+ro;n t ro*91 9treet91 co66on "ro,n*9 etc. t :e*9 to 9o-:1 ;ter n* -r 

 po::,t-on n* +e:t+ +Lr*9. D,r-n" 6on9oon1 -t 7:oc<9 t+e r-n ;ter /:o;9 n* :e*9 to ;ter 

:o""-n" n* /:oo*9. t :9o c,9e9 6o9,-toe9 7ree*-n" n* 6:r- -n re"-on. He:t+ o/ t+e

*,:t9 n* c+-:*ren "et9 //ect *,e to ;ter 7orne n* ;9te re:te* *-9e9e9. T+e *-rect n*

-n*-rect co9t o/ ?-9-t-n" +e:t+ cre /c-:-t-e9 -9 ?er8 +-"+. He:t+ /c-:-t-e9 re o?ercro;*e* n*

?-9-t-n" to *octor1 9tn*-n" -n ,e,e n* repete* ?-9-t9 re ?er8 e5pen9-?e /or t+e po or 

+o,9e+o:*9. >ter n* ;9te 7orne -n9ect9 e9-:8 6o?e /ro6 one corport-on re to not+er 

re. T+ere/ore ec+ 6,n-c-p: corport-on +9 t+e re9pon9-7-:-t8 to 6n"e t+e 9o:-* ;9te -n

t+e-r re. So:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent -n?o:?e9 6n"-n" ct-?-t-e9 99oc-te* ;-t+ "enert-on 1

9tor"e1 co::ect-on1 trn9/er n* trn9port1 proce99-n" n *-9po9: o/ 9o:-* ;9te9 -n n

en?-ron6ent::8 co6pt-7:e 6nner ;-t+ *,e con9-*ert-on9 o/ t+e pr-nc-p:e9 o/ econo681

e9t+et-c9 ener"8 n* con9er?t-on (E*e:6n D.J.$3). C:en en?-ron6ent -ncre9e9 t+e

econo6-c pro*,ct-?-t8 o/ +,6n 7e-n"9 n* t+e8 re6-n +e:t+8 /or :on" per-o* o/ t-6e. @-r9t

9ect-on o/ t+-9 pper e5p:-n9 7o,t t+e *t n* 6et+o*o:o"8. Secon* 9ect-on *e:9 ;-t+ tot:

9o:-* ;9te "enerte* ;-t+ *-//erent t8pe -n ec+ 6,n-c-p: corport-on. T+-r* 9ect-on e5p:-n9

7o,t t+e 9o:-* ;9te "enerte* t-:: '%$ -n M,67-1 T+ne1 K:8nDo67-?:-1 B+-;n*-

 N-L6p,r1 M-rB+8n*r1 :+9n"r n* N?-M,67- M,n-c-p: Corport-on. Secon* :9t

9ect-on o/ t+e pper *e:9 ;-t+ or*-nr8 :e9t 9,re re"re99-on re9,:t9. !9t 9ect-on *e:9 ;-t+

19
 po:-c8 -6p:-ct-on n* conc:,9-on

M,67- c-t81 :-<e 6n8 c-t-e9 -n t+e *e?e:op-n" ;or:* -9  centre o/ econo6-c "ro;t+ n*

 po?ert8. T+e -6p:-ct-on9 o/ centr:-9e* p:nn-n"1 *6-n-9trt-?e n* /-nnc-: re"-6e -n t+e

MCGM +9 6n-/e9te* -n poor ,:-t8 o/ c-?-c 9er?-ce91 n* :op9-*e* n* -n*e,te

-n/r9tr,ct,re *e?e:op6ent. T+e B,9-ne99 P:n /or M,67- Metropo:-tn Re"-on -*ent-/-e9

*e/-c-enc8 o/ -n/r9tr,ct,re n* t+e re9,:tnt poor ,:-t8 o/ :-/e1 p rt /ro6 t+e re",:tor8

con9tr-nt91 9  :-6-tt-on to t+e econo6-c "ro;t+ o/ t+e re"-on. Econo6-c "ro;t+ *r-?e9 t+e

*e6n* /or p,7:-c "oo*91 7ot+ en?-ron6ent: -n/r9tr,ct,re 9,c+ 9 ;ter n* 9n-tt-on 9 ;e::

9 "ro;t+ -n*,c-n" -n/r9tr,ct,re 9,c+ 9 ro*9 n* trn9port. T+e9e -n?e9t6ent9 re :on"

"e9tt-on n* cp-t: -nten9-?e re,-r-n" :on" tenor /-nnce -/ -n?e9t6ent9 re not to 7e *+oc

n* "rnt *epen*nt. >e +?e e9t-6te* t+-9 -n/r9tr,ct,re "p 9 7o,t R9. '%14%% Crore.

T8p-c::81 c-t-e9 o/ t+e 9-Le n* 9-"n-/-cnce o/ M,67- (9,c+ 9 Jo 7,r"1 Me5-co C-t8 n*
‟

S+n"+-1 A+6e*7*1 C+enn-) +?e e9t7:-9+e* re:t-on9+-p9 ;-t+ *e7t 6r<et9 ::o;-n" t+e

c-t8 to :e?er"e -t9 9crce "rnt re9o,rce9 ;-t+ pr-?te /-nnce to crete :on" ter6 -n/r9tr,ct,re.

T+-9 -9 7ec,9e t+e 9-Le o/ t+e -n/r9tr,ct,re *e/-c-t9 6<e9 o7?-o,9 t+e propo9-t-on t+t :on"

ter6 /-nnce -9 nee*e* -/ t+e 9c:e o/ t+e -n/r9tr,ct,re *e/-c-t -9 to 7e re*,ce* -n  9+ort 9pn o/

t-6e. T+e 6-n p,rpo9e o/ t+-9 9t,*8 -9 to -*ent-/8 t+e -n/r9tr,ct,re "p1 e9t-6te t+e nor6t-?e

/-nnc-n" re,-re6ent1 n* 99e99 t+e 7orro;-n" cpc-t8 o/ t+e c-t8 /or /-nnc-n" t+e nee*e*

-n/r9tr,ct,re.

C,rrent:8  9t,*8 o/ t+e cp-t: -n?e9t6ent pro/-:e ;o,:* 9,""e9t t+t t+e9e re e99ent-::8

*epen*nt on *+oc "rnt9 n* not -n?e9t6ent9 ;+-c+ re e5nte ,n*ert<en ;-t+ t+e 6en9 o/

/-nnce t-e* ,p. t -9 po99-7:e /or M,67- to con t-n,e t+-9 ;81 9 -t +9 o?er t+e p9t "enerte*

20
9,79tnt-: -n?e9t-7:e re9o,rce9 (R9. $%1%%% Crore)/or /-nnc-n" -t9 -66e*-te -n?e9t6ent nee*91

not7:8 t+e MSDP n* ;ter 9,pp:8 -6pro?e6ent9 (R9. 4%%% Crore) T+-9 -9 t+e 7,9-ne99 9 ,9,:

9cenr-o. n t+-9 9,76-99-on1 ;e ,9e t+e ?-:7:e -n?e9t6ent p:n9 to project t+e /-nnc-n"

re,-re6ent9 n* 6tc+ t+e6 ;-t+ ?-:7:e re9o,rce9.

Ho;e?er1 -/ M,67- nee*9 to p,t -n -n?e9t6ent9 ;+-c+ **re99 6jor *e/-c-t9 -n  9,9t-n7:e

/9+-on1 78 re*,c-n" *epen*ence on "rnt9 n* :e?er"-n" -t9 re9o,rce91 M,67- ;o,:* re,-re 

6e*-,6 ter6 cp-t: -n?e9t6ent pro"r6 ;-t+  6en9 o/ /-nnce 7,-:t -n. T+-9 6e*-,6 ter6

9trte"-c opt-on -9 t+e 9,7ject o/ t+e ne5t 9,76-99-on.

T+e o7ject-?e9 o/ BMC t+ro,"+ t+-9 Project -nc:,*e#

U -6pro?e t+e e//-c-enc8 o/ S>M co::ect-on n* trn9portt-on 989te6 -n t+e

c-t8 o/ M,67-V

U -ntro*,ce 9c-ent-/-c tret6ent n* *-9po9: o/ t+e S>MV

U -n9t-t,te  trn9ct-on 9tr,ct,re t+t 99,re9 9,9t-n7-:-t8 o/ t+-9 project

n* 9-6-:r /,t,re PPP project9V n*

U co6p:8 ;-t+ t+e MS> R,:e9.

Dt n* Met+o*o:o"8#

Dt /or t+-9 9t,*8 -9 co::ecte* /ro6 t+e cen9,9 '%%$ n* '%$$. T+e9e cen9,9 /-",re9 re

 pro?-*-n" t+e pop,:t-on n* n,67er o/ +7-tt-on9. S-6-:r:81 cen9,9 :9o pro?-*e9 t+e n,67er 

o/ ,n-t9 o/ +o9p-t:91 9c+oo:9 n* co::e"e91 co66erc-: ,n-t9 o/ Greter M,67-1 T+n e1 N?-

M,67-1 :+9n"r1 M-rB+8n*r1 B+-;n*-N-L6p,r M,n-c-p: Corport-on. >e +?e

re/erre* t+e c-t8 *e?e:op6ent n* c,rrent en?-ron6ent 9tt,9 report9 o/ ec+ 6,n-c-p:

corport-on. >e +?e :9o re/eree* t+e 9o:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent 989te6 o/ P,ne1 De:+- n*

21
Ko:<t. >e +?e ,9e* t+e or*-nr8 :e9t 9,re re"re99-on 6o*e: to e56-ne t+e /ctor9

corre:te* to 9o:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent. >e ,9e* t+e 9-6p:e /orec9t-n" 6et+o* to e9t-6te t+e

9o:-* ;9te "enert-on t-:: '%$ -n M,67- Metropo:-tn Re"-on.

So:-* ;9te# An o?er?-e;

So:-* ;9te -9 7ro*:8 *e/-ne* 9 -nc:,*-n" non+Lr*o,9 -n*,9tr-:1 co66erc-: ,n-t

n* *o6e9t-c re/,9e -nc:,*-n" +o,9e+o:* or"n-c tr9+1 9treet 9;eep-n"91 +o9p-t:9 n*

-n9t-t,t-on: "r7"e n* con9tr,ct-on ;9te (er7oc< O:r n* M.S. Cn*-*te '%%). n ot+er 

;or*91 >9te -9 ,n;nte* /or t+e per9on ;+o * -9cr*9 -t=. A pro*,ct or 6ter-: t+t *oe9 not

+?e  ?:,e n86ore /or t+e ,9er n* t+ere/ore -t -9 t+ro;n ;8. B,t ‘,n;nte*’ -9  9,7ject-?e

concept. T+e ;9te co,:* +?e ?:,e /or not+er per9on -n *-//erent c-rc,69tnce9. Do6e9t-c

;9te "enerte* *,r-n" /oo* preprt-on ?c,,6 c:en-n"1 "r*en-n"1 o:* c:ot+-n"1 /:oor 

co?er-n" n* o:* /,rn-t,re1 7ott:e91 p:9t-c 7"9 etc. Co 66erc-: ;9te pro*,ce* 78 9+op91

o//-ce9. T+e ;9te "enerte* 78 +ote:91 re9t,rnt91 +o9p-t:91 :9o -nc:,*e9 -n t+-9 cte"or8.

Hote:9 n* re9t,rnt9 "enerte ;9te *,r-n" /oo* preprt-on1 7ott:e91 p:9t-c etc. Ho9p-t:9

;9te co6pr-9e9 9 6e*-c-ne91 7ott:e91 -nject-on91 pper9 etc. Street c:en-n" ;9te con9-9t o/ 

 pper1 p:9t-c 7ott:e91 7"91 96:: 9tone91 *,9t n* *e7r-9 /::en /ro6 p99-n" tr,c<9. n*,9tr-:

;9te -nc:,*e9 con9tr,ct-on ;9te n* :: ,n9:7:e /ctor8 ;9te. T+e 6ter-: o/ 6et: p:9t-c

;oo* or cr*7or*1 te5t-:e or ot+er 6ter-:91 9o6e -n*,9tr-: ;9te -9 +-"+:8 to5-c. T+e 6jor 

con9t-t,ent9 o/ 9o:-* ;9te re *o6e9t-c n* co66erc-: ;9te1 pper n* /er6ent7:e or"n-c

6tter. So:-* ;9te -9 ?-9-7:e n* po:-t-c::8 9en9-t-?e -99,e. n*e,c-e9 -n t+e 9er?-ce cn +?e

9e?ere -6p:-ct-on9 /or t+e cre*-7-:-t8 o/ M,n-c-p: Corport-on n* co,nc-:. Proper 9o:-* ;9te

6n"e6ent -9 -6portnt /or p,7:-c +e:t+1 en?-ron6ent1 econo6-c n* po:-t-c: re9on9.

6proper ;9te 6n"e6ent cn +?e ne"t-?e e//ect9 on p,7:-c +e:t+1 en?-ron6ent n* nt,r:

22
9er?-ce9. T+ere/ore -nte"rte* 9o:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent -9 *e6n*e* cro99 t+e ;or:*.

So:-* ;9te -n M,67- Metropo:-tn Re"-on#

So:-* ;9te "enerte* -n *-//erent M,n-c-p: Corport-on -9 *-//erent. n  6,n-c-p:

corport-on1 t+e 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on *epen*9 on t+e pop,:t-on1 -n*,9tr-: ,n-t91 9+op91

co66erc-: ,n-t9 etc. / t+e pop,:t-on -9 "ro;-n" t+en t+e9e ,n-t9 re :9o "ro;-n". t :e*9 to

6ore 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on -n 6,n-c-p: corport-on re. >e +?e c:c,:te* t+e 9o:-* ;9te

"enerte* -n c,rrent 8er.

T+e 9o:-* ;9te -n M,67- M,n-c-p: Corport-on -9 FF3 Metr-c Tone9 per *8. D,e to

+-"+er *en9-t8 o/ pop,:t-on1 co66erc-: ,n-t9’ 9+op91 t+eter9 n* -n*,9tr-: ,n-t91 t+e 9o:-*

;9te "enerte* -9 +-"+er. t -9 4 percent o/ t+e tot: 9o:-* ;9te "enerte* -n M,67-

6etropo:-tn re"-on. n T+ne M,n-c-p: Corport-on1 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on -9 on:8 $%4$.&

Metr-c Tone9. t -9 3.F' percent o/ tot: 9o:-* ;9te. B,t -t -9 9t-:: +-"+er 9 co6pre to M,n-c-p:

Corport-on -n T+ne *-9tr-ct. n T+ne c-t81 pop ,:t-on -9 r-9-n" /9t. Ser?-ce9 9ector "ro;t+ -9

+-"+erV t+ere/ore t+e n,67er9 o/ ,n-t re r-9-n". n K:8nDo67-?:-1 t+e 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on

-n ec+ *8 -9 4. Metr-c Tone9. t -9 3.$ percent o/ tot: 9o:-* ;9te -n M,67-

Metropo:-tn Re"-on. n :+9n"r M,n-c-p: Corport-on1 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on -9 &4.&

Metr-c Tone9. t -9 &.% percent o/ tot: 9o:-* ;9te -n M,67- Metropo:-tn Re"-on. t -9 t+e

on:8 M,n-c-p: Corport-on ;+ere :o;e9t 9o:-* ;9te -9 "enerte*. T+e re9on -9 t+t -t -9  96::

M,n-c-p: Corport-on -n ter69 o/ pop,:t-on n* :: o t+er ,n-t9. n N?-M,67- M,n-c-p:

Corport-on1 9o:-* ;9te "enerte* -9 .4' Metr-c Tone9. t -9 3 .%3 percent o/ tot: 9o:-* ;9te.

 N?-M,67- -9  6o*ern n* p:nne* c-t8. T+e 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on -9 r-9-n" /9t *,e to +-"+

-nco6e1 pop,:t-on1 n* n,67er o/ co66erc-: ,n-t9. So:-* ;9te "enert-on -n M-rB+8n*r 

-9 4$'.'4 Metr-c Tone9. t -9 &.$ percent o/ t+e tot: 9o:-* ;9te. n B+-;n*-N-L6p,r 

23
M,n-c-p: Corport-on1 t+e 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on -9 F.%' Metr-c Tone9. Tot: 9o:-* ;9te

"enerte* -n M,67- 6etropo:-tn re"-on -9 $4.F Metr-c Tone9.

T8pe o/ 9o:-* ;9te "enerte* -n M,67- c-t8#

So:-* ;9te -9 not on:8 "enerte* 78 t+e +o,9e+o:*9 7,t -t -9 "enerte* 78 t+e

co66erc-: ,n-t91 +ote:9 n* ;e:/re n* recret-on ,n-t9 -n c-t8. S,c+ ,n-t9 re re",:r:8

?-9-te* 78 t+e peop:e o/ 96e n* ot+er 6,n-c-p: corport-on re. T+ere/ore 9o:-* ;9te

-9  co67-nt-on o/ :: t+e t8pe9 o/ ,n-t9 -n corport-on re.

So:-* ;9te "enert-on 78 +o,9e+o:*9 -n M,67- c-t8 -9 4$ Metr-c Tone9. t -9 4.&

 percent o/ tot: 9o:-* ;9te -n M,67- c-t8. t -9 on:8 7ec,9e o/ *en9-t8 o/ pop,:t-on ;+-c+

crete9 6ore 9o:-* ;9te -n c-t8. T+e 9:,69 re "en ert-n" 9o:-* ;9te -n c-t81 -t -9 $&' Metr-c

Tone9. !r"e n* 96:: -n*,9tr-e9 re :9o "enert-n" $ Metr-c Tone9 9o:-* ;9te 7,t -t -9 $.

 percent o/ tot: 9o:-* ;9te. S+op9 n* 6::9 contr-7,te $'$$ Metr-c Tone9. t -9 $.3% percent o/ 

tot: 9o:-* ;9te. Mn8 peop:e ?-9-t e?er8 *8 to 9+op9 n* 6::9 -n c-t8. Hote:9 re contr-7,t-n"

 Metr-c Tone9 ;9te9 -n c-t8. Peop:e o/ c-t8 n* o,t9-*e o/ c-t8 re",:r:8 et /oo* -n +ote:9.

D,r-n" /oo* preprt-on n* 9er?-ce1 65-6,6 9o:-* ;9te -9 " enerte* -n c-t8. Ho9p-t:9

contr-7,te F Metr-c Tone9 o/ 9o:-* ;9te. @e; 7-" +o9p-t:9 re :octe* -n c-t8. Pt-ent9 /ro6 ::

9tte9 re",:r:8 ?-9-t to +o9p-t:9 -n c-t8. T+ere/ore e?er8*8 *,r-n" tret6ent n* pre9cr-pt-on9

o/ 6e*-c-ne91 65-6,6 9o:-* ;9te -9 "enerte* -n c-t8. >e:/rerecret-on n* /-re 9tt-on9

crete $.3$ percent o/ 9o:-* ;9te -n c-t8. Mn8 peop:e ?-9-t to ;e:/re n* recret-on center9

*,r-n" /e9t-?:91 +o:-*89 etc. T+ere/ore t+e 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on -9 +-"+er. T+e 9o:-* ;9te

"enerte* -9 /,rt+er c:99-/-e* ccor*-n" to ?r-o,9 co6ponent9.

So:-* ;9te -n 6,n-c-p: corport-on9 o/ T+ne *-9tr-ct#

24
So:-* ;9te "enerte* -n :: t+e M,n-c-p: Corport-on o / T+ne *-9tr-ct -9 not ,n-/or6

t8pe9. T+e *en9-t8 o/ pop,:t-on1 co66erc-: ,n-t91 9+op91 96:: n* :r"e -n*,9tr-e91 9c+oo: n*

co::e"e9 n* +ote:9 n* re9t,rnt9 re *-//erent. So6e 6,n-c-p: corport-on9 re o:* 7,t 9o6e

re ne; n* t+e8 re -n *e?e:op-n" p+9e. T+ere/ore -t -9 *-//-c,:t to co6pre t+e6 ;-t+ ec+

ot+er 7,t -t -9 -6portnt to e9t-6te t+e-r 9o:-* ;9te 78 *-//erent t8pe9 o/ ,n-t9.

n T+ne M,n-c-p: Corport-on1 pop,:t-on contr-7,te9 33& .43 Metr-c Tone9 o/ 9o:-* ;9te.

t -9 3 percent o/ t+e tot: 9o:-* ;9te. t -9 +-"+e9t 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on 9 co6pre to ot+er 

6,n-c-p: corport-on9 o/ T+ne *-9tr-ct. n :+9n"r M,n-c-p: Corport-on1 9o:-* ;9te

"enerte* 78 pop,:t-on -9 on:8 '4%.& 6etr-c tone9. :+9n"r c-t8 +9 6n8 6n,/ct,r-n"

,n-t9. T+ere/ore t+e 9o:-* ;9te "enerte* 78 po p,:t-on -9 :o;. T+e 9o:-* ;9te "enerte* 78 t+e

:r"e n* 96:: -n*,9tr8 -9 $4.&3 6etr-c tone9V -t -9 %.'F percent n* +-"+e9t 6on" :: ot+er 

6,n-c-p: corport-on9 -n T+ne *-9tr-ct. T+e 9o:-* ;9te "enerte* 78 -n*,9tr8 -n T+ne

6,n-c-p: corport-on re -9 on:8 FF.%F 6etr-c tone9. t -9 on:8 F.% percent n* :o;e9t 9

co6pre to ot+er 6,n-c-p: corport-on. Tot: 9o:-* ;9te 78 -n*,9tr8 -n T+ne -9 *ec:-n-n"

 7ec,9e -n*,9tr-e9 re e-t+er 9+-/t-n" or t+e8 re "ett-n" c:o9e. D,e to pre99,re o/ ,r7n-Lt-on

6n8 -n*,9tr-: re9 re con?erte* -nto re9-*ent-: re9. So:-* ;9te 78 9+op9 -n M-r

B+8n*r -9 $$.44 6etr-c tone9. t -9 +-"+e9t 9 co6pre to :: ot+er 6,n-c-p: corport-on -n

T+ne *-9tr-ct. n N?- M,67-1 -t -9 on:8 4. Metr-c Tone9. t -9 :o;er (%.3 percent) 7ec,9e

o/ :o;er *en9-t8 o/ 9+op9. So:-* ;9te "enerte* 7 8 t+e +ote:9 -n :+9n"r M,n-c-p:

Corport-on -9 .& percent. t -9 +-"+e9t 7ec,9e 6n8 7-" n* 96:: +ote:9 e5-9t n* t+e8 re

t+e nee* o/ 6n,/ct,r-n" n* -n*,9tr-: re. n N?- M,67-1 +ote:9 re "enert-n" on:8 '.34

 percent o/ tot: 9o:-* ;9te. T+e 9o:-* ;9te "enerte* 78 t+e re9t,rnt -9 +-"+er -n :+9n"r 

M,n-c-p: Corport-on (&.4 percent). T+e :o;e9t 9o:-* ;9te "enerte* 78 t+e re9t,rnt -9

25
/o,n* -n t+e T+ne 6,n-c-p: corport-on re ('.%4 percent). Re9t,rnt9 re :octe* -n /e;

 poc<et9 o/ c-t8. n :+9n"r c-t81 t+ere re 6n8 96:: 6-n- t+eter9. >or<er9 n* ot+er peop:e

re",:r:8 ?-9-t t+e9e t+eter9. D,r-n" t+e -nter?:91 /oo*1 ot+er -te69 re con9,6e* 78 t+e peop:e.

T+ere/ore 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on -9 '.3 6etr-c tone9. n N?- M,67- re"-on1 9o:-* ;9te

"enerte* 78 t+e t+eter9 -9 on:8 %.3 percent. T+ere re /e; t+eter9 ?-:7:e -n N?- M,67-.

So:-* ;9te "enerte* 78 t+e pr-6r8 n* 9econ*r8 9c+oo:9 -n N?- M,67- -9 '.%F n* $.3

Metr-c Tone9. Co::e"e9 n* po9t "r*,te -n9t-t,t-on9 re contr-7,t-n" %.' n* %.'' Metr-c

Tone9 9o:-* ;9te -n T+ne c-t8. So:-* ;9te "enert-on 78 t+e +e:t+ -n9t-t,t-on9 -n T+ne c-t8 -9

4.4& percent t+t -9 3%. Metr-c Tone9. n M-r B+8n*r M,n-c-p: Corport-on on:8 ' .%

Metr-c Tone9 o/ 9o:-* ;9te -9 "enerte*. n t+-9 M,n-c-p: Corport-on1 t+ere  re :e99 6e*-c:

/c-:-t-e9 e5-9t. t -9 -6portnt to e56-ne t+e co6ponent o/ 9o:-* ;9te "enerte* 78 6,n-c-p:

corport-on9 -n T+ne *-9tr-ct.

Co::ect-on n* *-9po9: o/ 9o:-* ;9te -n M,67- Metropo:-tn Re"-on

So:-* ;9te co::ect-on1 9e"re"t-on n* *,6p-n" "ro,n*9 re *-//erent -n M,n-c-p:

Corport-on9. Ec+ 6,n-c-p: corport-on +9 -t9 o;n ;or</orce1 ?e +-c:e9 n* *,6p-n" "ro,n*9.

n M,67- c-t81 9o:-* ;9te -9 co::ecte* /ro6 /e; +o,9e+o:*9. Ro* 9;eep-n" -9 :9o *one -n

9o6e prt o/ c-t8. Tot: ro* :en"t+ -n c-t8 -9 7o,t $% <-:o6eter. At pre9ent 43 percent o/ ro*

:en"t+ re 9;ept -n one or t;o 9+-/t9 78 6,n-c-p: 9t//. B,t -t -9 -n*e,te n* -rre",:r 9;ept

 78 6,n-c-p: 9t//. T+e pr-?te contrctor9 9;eep  percent o/ ro*9 -n c-t8 (MCGM $).

E?er8*8 6n8 peop:e ?-9-t 7ec+e9 -n c-t8. T+e8 t+ro; ;9te t 9,c+ p:ce9. Gr7"e

6n"e6ent -n t+e /o,r 7ec+e9 t+t -9 G-r"on c+o;pt81 S+-?j- Pr<1 M+-61 J,+, n*

0er9o? o,t9o,rce* to pr-?te 9ector. n M,67- c-t81 9o:-* ;9te co6pr-9e9 9 co6po9t7:e

6tter t+t -9 pper n* cr* 7or* n* ot+er 6ter-:9 9,c+ 9 p:9t-c1 6et:91 ":99e9 etc. >9te

26
co::ect-on -9 *one t+ro,"+ co66,n-t8 7-n9 n* +o,9e to +o,9e co::ect-on. T+ere re /e;

+o,9e+o:*9 co?ere* ,n*er t+e ;9te co::ect-on 989te6. K,tc+ 9:,69 re -"nore* -n 9o:-* ;9te

6n"e6ent 989te6. So6e 9:,69 re -::e": n* t+e8 re :octe* t +-::9 or ner r-:;8 :-ne1

 p-pe:-ne etc. T+e 9o:-* ;9te co::ect-on /ro6 co66,n-t8 7-n9 -9 crr-e* 7o,t -n t+ree 9+-/t9 n*

trn9porte* e-t+er to t+e t+ree trn9/er 9tt-on9 or *-rect:8 to t+e *-9po9e* po-nt9. So:-* ;9te -9

co::ecte* /ro6 t+e 6-n ro*9 n* co::ect-on po-nt91 ;+ere 9 t+e -n9-*e re -9 co6p:ete:8

?o-*e* -n 9o:-* ;9te co::ect-on 989te6. T+e *-:8 c o::ect-on n* trn9portt-on -9 *one t+ro,"+

n ?er"e n,67er o/ 7o,t $%%% to $& tr-p9. D,r-n" t+e 6on9oon1 n,67er o/ tr-p9 7eco6e9

:e99 *,e r-n n* ,np:nne* *,6p-n" "ro,n*9. So:-* ;9te -9 o79er?e* :8-n" -n ?r-o,9 ;r*9 -n

c-t8. t -9  re9pon9-7-:-t8 o/ t+e MCGM to pro?-*e 6,n-c-p: 9o:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent 9er?-ce9.

Ho;e?er1 t+e MCGM -9 not 7:e to +n*:e t+e -ncre9-n" ,nt-t8 o/ ;9te. A9  re9,:t1 ;9te

:-tter9 :: o?er t+e p:ce "-?-n" r-9e to +e:t+ n* en?-ron6ent: pro7:e69. (Rt+- Sr-< '%%3).

T+ne M,n-c-p: Corport-on (TMC) pro?-*e9 *oor to *oo r co::ect-on -n 9o6e prt9 o/ 

c-t8. >9te -9 co::ecte* /ro6 co66on po-nt9 n* 6r<et. t ,9e9 co::ect-on ?e+-c:e9 :-<e *,6per 

 p:cer91 "+nt "*-e9 n* r-c<9+;9. T+e 9o:-* ;9te /ro6 ec+ co::ect-on po-nt -9 7ro,"+t to

t+e *,6per p:cer9 n* ot+er co::ect-on ?e+-c:e9. @ro6 t+e tot: ;9te1 ?e"et7:e91 /r,-t 6r<et1

+ote:9 n* 9e"re"te* ;et ;9te /ro6 6,n-c-p: 9o:-* ;9te -9 trete* 78 TMC. t -9 -n

co::7ort-on ;-t+ En?-ro?-"-: or"n-Lt-on t+ro,"+ 7-o6et+nt-on proce99. TMC +9

 pro?-*e* 7-o6e*-: ;9te /c-:-t-e9 t+ro,"+ MSEn?-ro0-"-:1 T+ne. T+e 7-o6e*-c: ;9te -9

trete* n* *-9po9e* t+ro,"+ -nc-nertor. D-9po9: 9-te -9 :octe* t C+trpt- S+-?j- M+rj

+o9p-t:1 K:; (TMC '%%4). So:-* ;9te -9 not e//-c-ent:8 co::ecte* /ro6 *-//erent po-nt9 -n

T+ne c-t8. De:8 -n ;9te co::ect-on -9 o/ten ?-e;e* 7ec,9e :c< o/ trn9portt-on1 6npo;er 

n* 6n"e6ent etc. n T+ne c-t81 -n*,9tr-e9 re "ett-n" c:o9e*. T+e o:* -n*,9tr-: re -9

27
"ett-n" con?erte* -n to re9-*ent-: re. nte"rte* 9o:-* ;9te co::ect-on n* *-9po9: -9

-n*e,te -n T+ne c-t8. n :+9n"r c-t81 9o:-* ;9te "enerte* 9 <-tc+en ;9te1 pper91

 p:9t-c91 ":991 6et:91 r,77er etc. Co66erc-: ,n-t9 n* 6r<et9 re :9o "enert-n" ;9te -n

c-t8. T+e -n*,9tr-: ;9te /ro6 -n*,9tr-e9 9t-n:e99 9tee: -n*,9tr8 6-n:8 con9-9t9 o/ n-tr-c c -*. t

-9 9o6et-6e9 -n/:667:e. T+e -n*,9tr-: ;9te "enert-on -9 -ncre9-n" -n :+9n"r c-t8.

Aprt /ro6 t+e -n*,9tr-: ;9te1 t+ere -9 "enert-on o/ -nert ;9te /ro6 rep-r9 o/ +o,9e91

con9tr,ct-on ct-?-t-e91 9-:t "enerte* o,t o/ c:en-n" o/ ",tter9 n* *r-n"e. T+e ,:-t8 o/ -nert

;9te ?r-e9 n* -t -9 co::ecte* n* trn9porte* to :n* /-:: 9-te9. T+e co::ect-on n* trn9portt-on

o/ 9o:-* ;9te -9 *one 78 pr-?te "enc-e9. T+e8 c+r"e on *-:8 79-9 -n :+9n"r c-t8. T+e

+-re* "enc-e9 t9< -9 to co::ect t+e ;9te /ro6 t+e co::ect-on 7-n9 <ept t re",:r -nter?: -n c-t8

n* crr8 -t to t+e *,6p-n" 9-te. MC -9 re9pon9-7:e /or co::ect-on o/ *o6e9t-c ;9te /ro6 ::

+o,9e+o:* n* ot+er ,n-t9. B,t 6o9t o/ t+e +o,9e9 re ne":ecte* or re6-n ,nco?ere* *,e to

*en9-t8 o/ pop,:t-on1 ,ne?en 9,r/ce etc. S:,69 re co6p:ete:8 -"nore* 78 t+e c-?-c

*6-n-9trt-on. Peop:e o/ 9:,69 t+ro; ;9te e-t+er -n *r-n"e :-ne1 co66on "ro,n*91 9treet9 n*

ro*9. Se"re"t-on o/ t+e ;9te -9 not *one t n8 :e?e:. t -9 co::ecte* -n 6-5e* /or6. T+e 9o:-*

;9te co::ecte* /ro6 t+e re9-*ent-: re91 9treet 9;eep-n" 6r<et91 co66erc-: e9t7:-9+6ent

etc. -n 7-n9. To;n "r7"e -9 co::ecte* n* *,6pe* t t;o 9-te9 ;+-c+ re pr-?te:8 o;ne*. A

:n*/-:: 9-te t S+nt- N"r -9 c:o9e*. n :+9n"r re1 ' +ector :octe* ner Mnje K67

?-::"e +9 7een -*ent-/-e* /or /,t,re :n*/-:: (MC '%%4). At p re9ent1 t+ere re 6n8 :c,n9 -n

9o:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent 989te6 -n :+9n"r c-t8. n M-r B+8n*r M,n-c-p: Corport-on1

t+e ?er"e *o6e9t-c 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on -9 r-9-n" 7ec,9e o/ pop,:t-on n* co66erc-:

,n-t9. B,t t+e ,n-?er9: 9o:-* ;9te co::ect-on1 9e"re"t-on n* *,6p-n" -9 not e5-9t. T+e 9o:-*

;9te -9 co::ecte* prt:8 n* *,6pe* -n :n* /-:: 9-te9 n* t+ere -9 no tret6ent p:nt. An re o/ 

28
' +ector +9 7een :octe* /or  ne; :n* /-:: 9-te n* ?er6- co6po9-t-on +9 7een propo9e* -n

t+e proce99-n" o/ ;9te (NB '%%F).

So:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent -n B+-;n*-N-L6p,r M,n-c-p: Corport-on -9 -n*e,te

n* -t +9 poor co?er"e. @e; +o,9e+o:*91 -n*,9tr-: ,n-t91 co66erc-: ,n-t91 +ote:9 n*

re9t,rnt9 re co?ere* ,n*er ;9te 6n"e6ent 989te6. n t+e c-t81 6o9t o/ t+e 6n,/ct,r-n"

,n-t9 re o/ te5t-:e n* "r6ent t8pe9 7,t ;9te co::ect-on 989te6 +9 not co?ere* t+e9e ,n-t9.

E?er8*8 ;9te -9 not co::ecte* /ro6 t+e9e ,n-t9 n* ;9te -9 :8-n" on t+e ro* n* co66on

 p:ce9. >9te co::ect-on n* trn9portt-on -9 "-?en to pr-?te contrctor. B+-;n*-N-L6p,r 

M,n-c-p: Corport-on -9 not 7:e to ,9e t+e :n* ::otte* 78 9tte "o?ern6ent t Dpo*e. t -9

 7ec,9e o/ oppo9-t-on /ro6 :oc: ?-::"e9. M,n-c-p: corport-on c:-69 o/ F percent

+o,9e+o:*9 re co?ere* ,n*er 9o:-* ;9te co::ect-on. B,t +-::8 n* +-"+:8 *en9e  re9 re

-"nore*. At pre9ent1 /e; r" p-c<er9 re -*ent-/-e* n* pro?-*e* -*ent-t8 cr*9. R" p-c<er9 re

9e"re"t-n" n* reco?er-n" t+e rec8c:7:e n* re,97:e 9o:-* ;9te. n*,9tr-:-Lt-on n*

,r7n-Lt-on :e* to "reter "enert-on o/ ;9te. T+e *?ent o/ p:9t-c9 n* t+e ,9e o/ 

9op+-9t-cte* pc<"-n" 6ter-:9 pro?-*e*  /,rt+er 7oo9t to rec8c:-n-n" (C+-<r6ne P. n*

!<9+6- Nr8n '%%%). T+e c-t8 en?-ron6ent o/ B+-;n*-N-L6p,r -9 +-"+:8 po::,te* *,e to

9o:-* ;9te. So:-* ;9te co::ecte* re",:r:8 /ro6 K:8nDo67-?:- 6,n-c-p: re. B,t t+e tot:

co?er"e -9 :o;er -n t+e t;-n c-t8. T+ere -9 :o;er 6npo;er1 ?e+-c:e91 -n9tr,6ent9 etc. T+e

;9te -9 *,6pe* t A*+r;*- *,6p-n" "ro,n*. t -9 & cre9 p:ot *e?e:ope* /or *,6p-n" 9o:-*

;9te.

B,t cpc-t8 o/ *,6p-n" "ro,n* -9 /,:: n* o?er,9e*. B,t KDMC cont-n,e* to *,6p 9o:-* ;9te

t A*+r;*- (NB ('%%F7).

/ ;e o79er?e* t+e 9o:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent o/ :: 6,n-c-p: corport-on9 -n M,67-

29
6etropo:-tn re"-on t+en ec+ 6,n-c-p: corport-on +9 *e/-c-enc8 -n ter69 o/ ;or<er91

co66,n-t8 7-n91 ?e+-c:e91 *,6p-n" "ro,n*9 etc. So:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent -9 n -6portnt /cet

o/ en?-ron6ent +8"-ene n* nee* to 7e -nte"rte* ;-t+ tot: en?-ron6ent: p:nn-n". t9 p,rpo9e

-9 to pro?-*e +8"-ene1 e//-c-ent n* econo6-c 9er?-ce to co::ect n* trn9port 9o:-* ;9te9

-nnoc,o,9 ;-t+o,t trn9/err-n" po::,t-on :o*9 to t+e ;ter 989te6 or t+e t6o9p+ere (>HO

$3$). S,c+ 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on ;-:: -ncre9e ;-t+ -ncre9e -n ?r-o,9 co6ponent9 -n -t.

E9t-6t-on o/ 9o:-* ;9te -n M,67- Metropo:-tn Re"-on

>e +?e e9t-6te* t+e 9o:-* ;9te -n :: t+e 6,n-c-p: corport-on9 -n M,67-

Metropo:-tn Re"-on. T+e 9o:-* ;9te /or t+e Br-+n6,67- 6,n-c-p: corport-on -9 e9t-6te*

9eprte:8. T+-9 -9 6-n:8 7ec,9e t+-9 6,n-c-p: corport-on -9 o:* n* -t +9 +-"+ 9o:-* ;9te

"enert-on cpc-t8 9 co6pre to ot+er 6,n-c-p: corport-on9 -n M,67- Metropo:-tn Re"-on.

M,n-c-p: Corport-on o/ T+ne1 K:8nDo67-?:-1 B+-;n*-N-L6p,r1 N?- M,67-1

:+9n"r n* M-rB+8n*r re co6prt-?e:8 96::. >e +?e e9t-6te* t+e 9o:-* ;9te t-::

'%$ /or :: 6,n-c-p: corport-on9.

Genert-on o/ 9o:-* ;9te -n M,67- c-t8 (MT)

At pre9ent1 9o:-* ;9te -n Br-+n6,67- M,n-c-p: Corport-on -9 e9t-6te* 9 FF3 Metr-c

Tone9. T+e 9o:-* ;9te -n M,67- c-t8 -9 -ncre9-n" 7ec,9e o/ "ro;t+ o/ pop,:t-on1 +e:t+

/c-:-t-e91 co66erc-: ,n-t91 -n9t-t,t-on91 ;e:/re center9 etc. M,n-c-p: 9o:-* ;9te ;-:: 7e $%%%%

Metr-c Tone9 -n '%'%. A/ter '%$1 -t ;-:: to,c+ $'%%% Metr-c Tone9 e?er8 *8. t ;-:: 7e 

6o*erte c+n"e -n t+e 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on -n c-t8. T+ere/ore M,n-c-p: Corport-on 6,9t

*e?e:op cpc-t8 to +n*:e 9,c+ -ncre9-n" 9o:-* ;9te ;-t+ c+n"-n" t-6e. S,c+ 9o:-* ;9te

"enert-on re,-re9 p:nn-n" /or co::ect-on /ro6 +o,9e+o:* :e?e:1 9treet91 crr8-n" cpc-t81

9e"re"t-on1 *,6p-n" n* proce99 o/ 9o:-* ;9te. >e +?e :9o e9t-6te* t+e 9o:-* ;9te o/ 

30
6,n-c-p: corport-on9 o/ T+ne *-9tr-ct. Pop,:t-on -n t+e 6,n-c-p: corport-on9 o/ T+ne

*-9tr-ct -9 cont-n,o,9:8 r-9-n". t /,rt+er :e*9 to t+e r-9e -n t+e e*,ct-on: n* +e:t+ -n9t-t,t-on91

9+op9 n* co66erc-: ,n-t9 etc. D,e to cont-n,o,9 r-9e -n t+e re: e9tte pr-ce9 -n M,67- c-t81

 pop,:t-on -9 :9o 9+-/t-n" -n 9,7,r79 n* -n T+ne *-9tr-ct. More trn9port /c-:-t-e9 n*

*e?e:op-n" -n/r9tr,ct,re -n t+e 6,n-c-p: corport-on9 +e:p peop:e to 6o?e -n 9,7,r79 n*

ne-"+7or-n" re9. M,n-c-p: corport-on9 -n T+ne *-9tr-ct re not "ro;-n" e,::8 -n ter69 o/ 

 pop,:t-on n* -n9t-t,t-on9. t -9 *epen*-n" on t+e trn9port /c-:-t-e91 re: e9tte pr-ce91 ?-:7:e

6en-t-e9 n* ot+er /c-:-t-e9 etc.

So:-* ;9te -n N?- M,67- -9 r-9-n" /9t. t -9 .44 Metr-c Tone9 (MT) -n '%$$ 7,t -t

;-:: 7e 7o?e '%%% Metr-c Tone9 /ter '%$. t -9  p:nne* n* 6o*ern c87er c-t8 -n M,67-

6etropo:-tn re"-on. T+ere/ore pop,:t-on n* co66erc-: n* ot+er9 ,n-t9 ;-:: -ncre9e /9t.

T+e 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on -n T+ne c-t8 -n '%$$ -9 $%4$ Metr-c Tone9 7,t -n '%$ -t ;-:: 7e

6ore t+n '%%% Metr-c Tone9. Pop,:t-on -n T+ne c-t8 -9 :9o "ro;-n" /9t. A:: ot+er ,n -t9 ;-::

:9o r-9-n" ;-t+ pop,:t-on. T+ne -9 n -66e*-te pro5-6te c-t8 to M,67-. T+ere/ore 6ore

 peop:e //or* n* *j,9t to :-?e -n T+ne c-t8. T+e 9o:-* ;9te -n M-rB+8n*r1 B+-;n*-

 N-L6p,r n* :+9n"r -9 not 6,c+ *-//erent. B,t t+e 9o:-* ;9te -n M-rB+8n*r ;-:: r-9e

?er8 /9t. Mo9t o/ t+e peop:e o/ ;e9tern 9,7,r7 ;-:: 9+-/t -n M-rB+8n*r re. So:-* ;9te

;-:: 7e c:o9e to $%% Metr-c tone9 -n '%$. n :: t+e 6,n-c-p: corport-on91 9o:-* ;9te

"enert-on ;-:: r-9e ;-t+ 6ore or :e99 n,67er.

Po:-c8 -6p:-ct-on#

31
So:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent -9 ne":ecte* -99,e o/ ,r7n *e?e:op6ent -n t+e M,67-

Metropo:-tn Re"-on. D,e to econo6-c "ro;t+1 ,r7n-Lt-on n* pop,:t-on1 t+e ,r7n 9er?-ce9

n* 6en-t-e9 +9 /::en 9+ort. r7n 6,n-c-p: corport-on9 :c<9 o/ *e,te cpc-t81

-n9t-t,t-on: n* /-nnc-: cp7-:-t-e9 n* 9<-::e* 6npo;er. Econo6-c re9o,rce9 re -n*e,te

/or co::ect-on1 trn9portt-on1 proce99-n" n* /-n: *-9po9: o/ 9o:-* ;9te. T+e pre9ent 989te6 -9

-ne//-c-ent1 ,n9c-ent-/-c1 o,t*te*. Pop,:t-on co?er"e o/ 9o:-* ;9te co::ect-on -9 ? er8 :o;.

T+ere -9 -rre",:r 9treet 9;eep-n" n* trn9portt-on n* *-9po9: o/ 9o:-* ;9te. T+e 9o:-* ;9te

-9 not co::ecte* *,e to /-nnc-: n* -n/r9tr,ct,r:1 tec+n-c: con9tr-nt9. T+e cc,6,:t-on o/ 

;9te9 -n t+e 9treet -ncre9e9 contct o/ "er691 -n9ect91 rt9 n* ot+er *-9e9e9 ?ector9.

nco::ecte* 9o:-* ;9te :9o c,9e9 t+e 9t"nt-on o/ ;ter t+e 7ree*-n" o/ 6o9,-toe9. C+-:*ren

re e9pec-::8 ?,:ner7:e to t+e r-9<9 99oc-te* to 9o:-* ;9te9. T+e *?er9e e//ect o/ 9o:-* ;9te

to 9o-:1 -r1 ;ter n* +e:t+ o/ +,6n 7e-n" -9 6,c+ +-"+er. D,r-n" t+e r-n8 9e9on1 9o:-* ;9te

-9 not co::ecte* n* trn9porte* e//-c-ent:8. n recent 8er91 9o:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent +9 ttrcte*

6,c+ "reter ttent-on :: o?er t+e ;or:*. So:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent pro7:e69 re 79-c::8 ,r7n

 pro7:e6 (>HO $4). M,n-c-p: corport-on9 re e5pecte* to co::ect t+e ,n-t :e?e: 9o:-* ;9te.

At t+e co66,n-t8 :e?e:1 9o:-* ;9te +9 to "et 9e"re"te*. Co66,n-t8 7-n9 6,9t 7e pro?-*e* /or 

*r8 n* ;et 9o:-* ;9te. Dr8 9o:-* ;9te 6,9t 7e co6po9te* t co66,n-t8 :e?e: or -n ec+ ;r*.

T+e ;et ;9te 6,9t "et proce99e* t co66,n-t8 :e?e:. M,n-c-p: corport-on9 cn "enerte

e:ectr-c-t8 /ro6 ;et 9o:-* ;9te. T+e M,n-c-p: Corport-on9 6,9t -*ent-/8 t+e ne; :oct-on9 o/ 

*,6p-n" "ro,n*9. T+e ;9te co::ect-on1 9e"re"t-on n* *,6p-n" 6,9t "et 6o*ern-Le ;-t+ ne;

6c+-ne9 n* e,-p6ent9. M,n-c-p: corport-on9 6,9t -n?o:?e t+e pr-?te 9ector -n 9o:-* ;9te

6n"e6ent n* c:en:-ne99 -n c-t-e9. T+e 9er?-ce9 n* tec+no:o"-c: -nno?t-on9 +?e opene*

,p ne; re9 to t+e pr-?te 9ector. G:o7: tren*9 9+o;9 t+t t+e pr-?te 9ector +9 7een 7:e to

32
6o7-:-Le /,n*9 nece99r8 to /-nnce -n/r9tr,ct,re project9 n* t+t -t -9 ;-::-n" to ccept r-9<9

 pro?-*e* t+e -n9t-t,t-on: en?-ron6ent 6eet9 cert-n 6-n-6,6 9tn*r*9 n* t+e project9 re

 proper:8 9tr,ct,re* (GO '%%). Pr-?te 9ector +9 econo6-c re9o,rce9 n* -t cn e9-:8 -n?e9t -n

t+e 9;eep-n" ;-t+ 6o*ern 6c+-ne91 ;9te co::ect-on n* trn9port ?e+-c:e9. Pr-?te 9ector cn

*e?e:op 9c-ent-/-c::8 6n"e* *,6p-n" "ro,n*9 -n 6,n-c-p: corport-on re. So:-* ;9te

6n"e6ent cnnot 7e :e/t to :oc: :e?e: -n-t-t-?e9 9 co66,n-t8 or"n-Lt-on9 :c< 9,//-c-ent

re9o,rce9 or cpc-t8 to pro?-*e 9,c+  9er?-ce -n -t9 ent-ret8. Po:-c8 6<er9 nee* to "-?e 9,c+

re9 6ore c-?-c ,tono68 or pro?-*e ?- t+e 9tte "o?ern6ent1  6o*-c,6 o/ 79-c en?-ron6ent

9er?-ce9 (S+; Annp,rn '%%). Recent 8er9 +?e 7een c9+ 9trppe* 6,n-c-p: 7o*-e9

"r*,::8 *-?ert-n" t+e69e:?e9 o/ t+e-r *-rect ro:e9 -n pro?-9-on o/ 9o:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent1

6o?-n" to;r*9 p,7:-c pr-?te prtner9+-p9 9  9o:,t-on to t+e-r -n7-:-t8 to +n*:e con9er?nc8

opert-on9 e//-c-ent:8. At t+e 96e t-6e1 t+ere -9 rp-*:8 "ro;-n" ;rene99 o/ t+e en?-ron6ent:

n* p,7:-c +e:t+1 con9e,ence9 o/ t+e 6nner -n ;+-c+ ;9te +9 7een +n*:e* t-:: no; -n n*-

(Sr-n-?9n K.'%%4). M,n-c-p: Corport-on9 6,9t +?e t+e 7ro* o7ject-?e o/ c-t8 c:en:-ne99

n* +e:t+ o/ t+e peop:e. C:en c-t8 en?-ron6ent **9 6ore -n?e9t6ent n* econo6-c

 pro*,ct-?-t8 o/ peop:e. 66e*-te 9tep9 -n t+-9 *-rect-on ;-:: re*,ce t+e -nc-*ence o/ -::ne99 n*

6ort:-t8. n or*er to -ncre9e t+e 9tn*r* o/ :-?-n" o/ pop,:t-on1 9,c+ po:-c-e9 re re,-re* on

-66e*-te 79-9.

So:-* >9te Mn"e6ent nece99-t8

Greter M,67- -9 e5pecte* to "enerte 7o,t $$1%%% ton9 o/ 6,n-c-p: 9o:-* ;9te -n '%'$

(**-t-on: %%% ton9 "-n9t c,rrent "enert-on). Accor*-n":81  tot: o/ 3 +ectre9 o/ :n*/-::

33
re ;o,:* 7e nee*e* to 6eet t+e *e6n*. A9 on *te1 t+e 6,n-c-p: 9o:-* ;9te co::ecte* -9

*-9po9e* o// t t+e :n*/-:: 9-te9 t Deonr1 M,:,n* n* Gor-. A:: 9-te9 re rec+-n" t+e-r

cpc-t8 n* re e5pecte* to r,no,t -n $ to & 8er9 t-6e per-o*. C:o9,re ;or<9 /or Gor- +9

co66ence* n* ot+er 9-te9 re e5pecte* to co66ence "o-n" /or;r*. Decentr:-Le* tret6ent

989te6 :-<e ?er6-co6po9t-n" n* ero7-c co6po9t-n" -9 :-6-te* to  ?er8 96:: ,nt-t8.

MCGM +9 t<en ,p 9e?er: -n-t-t-?e9 -n t+e /-e:* o/ co::ect-on n* trn9portt-on1 7,t -t

 pr-6r-:8 :c<9 nece99r8 -n/r9tr,ct,re /c-:-t-e9 /or proce99-n" n* *-9po9: o/ 6,n-c-p: 9o:-*

;9te. Hence1 *e?e:op-n" MS> proce99-n" n* :n*/-:: 9-te9 -9 o/ 6jor concern /or M,67- to

+n*:e t+e :r"e ,nt-t8 o/ ;9te "enerte*. n or*er to 6eet t+e "ro;-n" *e6n*1 MCGM -9

9ett-n" ,p  ne; :n*/-:: 9-te t Knj,r ($&$ H). T+e 9-te *e?e:op6ent ct-?-t-e9 re on"o-n" /or

t+e 96e.

n*er JNNRM1 MCGM -9 ,n*ert<-n" -6pro?e6ent ;or<9 to :: t+ree :n*/-:: 9-te9 t n

e9t-6te* co9t o/ R9. &34 Crore on PPP 6o*e: (E9t-6te* pr-?te 9ector contr-7,t-on -9 R9. '&

Crore /or 9ett-n" ,p proce99-n" p:nt9). T+e ;or<9 -nc:,*e re*e?e:op6ent o/ t+e *-9po9: 9-te9

 78 c:o9,re rrn"e6ent9 (Gor-1 M,:,n*1 Deonr1 Knj,r) n* rec:-6-n" prt o/ *,6p 9-te9 /or

9ett-n" ,p MS> Proce99 P:nt9 t M,:,n*  Deonr.t -9 ,n*er9too* t+t t+e 7o?e -n?e9t6ent

9+:: cter to t+e cp-t: -n?e9t6ent re,-re6ent9 /or ;e:: ,pto '%'$.

34
.So:-* >9te Mn"e6ent -n M,67-

M,67- +9  co9t: 9tretc+ o/ 4% 9 <6. Geo"rp+-c::81 t+e c-t8 o/ M,67- cn 7e *-?-*e*

-nto t+ree 9ect-on91 n6e:81 t+e -9:n* c-t8 (or 6-n c-t8)1 t+e ;e9tern 9,7,r79 n* t+e e9tern

9,7,r79. T+e9e re :9o <no;n /or *6-n-9trt-?e p,rpo9e9 9 D-?-9-on 1 D-?-9-on  n*

D-?-9-on 1 re9pect-?e:8. T+e tot: pop,:t-on o/ t+e c-t8 6o,nt9 to ner:8 $6-::-on t+t -9

-ncre9-n" on  *-:8 79-9. S,c+  +,"e +7-tt o7?-o,9:8 "enerte9  +,"e 6o,nt o/ ;9te o/

6n8 <-n*9 t+e 6n"e6ent o/ ;+-c+ -9  699-?e t9< /or t+e :oc: *6-n-9trt-on.

>9te Genert-on

M,67- "enerte9 ;9te to t+e t,ne o/ ppro5-6te:8 31%'tonne9 per *8. T+e ;9te con9-9t9

o/#

U 1%'tonne9 o/ 6-5e* ;9te (7-o*e"r*7:e n* rec8c:7:e)

U '1%%%tonne9 o/ *e7r-9 n* 9-:t.

T+e 7-o*e"r*7:e ;9te (;et ;9te) -9 6*e ,p o/ ?e"et7:e n* /r,-t re6-n*er91 :e?e91

9po-:e* /oo*1 e""9+e::91 cotton1 etc. Rec8c:7:e (*r8 ;9te) con9-9t9 o/ ne;9pper91 t+er6oco:1

 p:9t-c1 7tter8 ce::91 ;-re91 -ron 9+eet91 ":991 etc. De7r-9 -nc:,*e9 con9tr,ct-on ;9te1 reno?t-on

;9te1 *e6o:-t-on ;9te1 etc. S-:t co6pr-9e9 ert+ n* c:8 /ro6 *r-n9 n* ro* corner9. t -9

e9t-6te* t+t 78 '%%F 9,c+ ;9te ;-:: ""re"te 1%%%tonne9 per *8 *,e to -ncre9e -n t+e

c-t89 pop,:t-on.

A?er"e Genert-on o/ >9te 78  C-t-Len o/ M,67-

T+e "enert-on o/ ;9te 78 n -n*-?-*,: *epen*9 on t+e 9oc-oecono6-c con*-t-on9 to ;+-c+ t+e

 per9on 7e:on"9. @or e56p:e1  r-c+ /6-:8 ;-:: "enerte ner:8 /o,r to /-?e <" o/ 6-5e* ;9te

 per *8V  6-**:e c:99 /6-:8 ;-:: "enerte 7et;een one to t+ree <" o/ 6-5e* ;9te per *8 n*

 poor /6-:81 -n 9:,691 ;-:: "enerte c:o9e to % %"r69 per *8.

35
Mn"e6ent o/ >9te

T+e M,n-c-p: Corport-on o/ Greter M,67- (MCGM) -9 /or6::8 re9pon9-7:e /or t+e

6n"e6ent o/ ;9te -n t+e c-t8. T+e pre?-:-n" pproc+ +9 7een one o/ co::ect-on n*

*-9po9: t+t -91 "r7"e -9 co::ecte* /ro6 co66,n-t-e9 78 t+e 6,n-c-p: ,t+or-t-e9 n* *-9po9e*

o// t t+e t+ree 6-n *,6p-n" 9-te9 t+t re c,rrent:8 9er?-c-n" t+e c-t8.

Gr7"e co::ector9 e6p:o8e* 78 ?r-o,9 +o,9-n" 9oc-et-e9 6n,::8 co::ect t+e ;9te "enerte*

t t+e +o,9e+o:* :e?e: n* *,6p -t -n t+e "r7"e 7-n t 9pec-/-e* 9treet corner9. T+ere re ro,n*

1F%% co66,n-t8 7-n9 -n t+e c-t8. n c9e o/ So,t+ M,67-1 tr,c<9 co::ect "r7"e /ro6 t+e

"r7"e 7-n9 n* trn9port -t to  trn9/er 9tt-on ;+-c+ -9 :octe* -n M+:<9+6-. A 9eprte

trn9port -9 rrn"e* /or trn9/err-n" t+e "r7"e /ro6 M+:<9+6- to t+e nort+ern prt o/

M,67- ;+ere t+e *,6p-n" "ro,n*9 re 9-t,te*. @ro6 :: ot+er prt9 o/ t+e c-t81 "r7"e -9 9ent

*-rect:8 to t+e *,6p-n" "ro,n*9. Ner:8  o/ t+e ;9te "enerte* -n t+e c-t8 -9 *-9po9e* o// -n

t+-9 6nner. T+-9 :r"e:8 6n,: opert-on -n?o:?e9 1%%% per9onne: e6p:o8e* 78 t+e MCGM

n* -9 co::ecte* 78  /:eet o/ F%% ?e+-c:e91 -nc:,*-n" ?e+-c:e9 +-re* /ro6 pr-?te contrctor91 t+t

;or< -n 9+-/t9 ec+ *8. MCGM 9pen*9 7o,t R9$'%:<+ per *8 on co::ect-n" n*

trn9port-n" "r7"e n* *e7r-9 ;-t+ 6,n-c-p: n* pr-?te ?e+-c:e9 6<-n" 7o,t '1%%% tr-p9

e?er8 *8.

36
&. T+e Cr-9-9

D,6p-n" Gro,n*

A *,6p-n" "ro,n* -91 "ener::81  :o;:8-n"1 n* 6r9+8 re1 ;+-c+ -9 :octe* on t+e o,t9<-rt9

o/  c-t81 ;+ere t+ere -91 ,9,::81 no +,6n pop,:t-on. >e +?e1 -n o,r c-t81 t+ree *,6p-n"

"ro,n*9 ;+-c+ re :octe* -n t+e nort+ern prt o/ M,67- t Gor- (Bor-?:-)1 M,:,n* n*

Deonr. A /o,rt+ one t C+-nc+o:- +9 recent:8 c:o9e* *o;n. A6on"9t t+e t+ree1 Deonr -9 t+e

:r"e9t *,6p-n" "ro,n*. A:: t+e *,6p-n" "ro,n*9 re ner:8 %&%<6 /ro6 So,t+ M,67-

;+-c+ e5p:-n9 t+e +,"e co9t9 on trn9portt-on.

T+e -ncre9e -n t+e pop,:t-on o/ t+e c-t8 +9 /orce* peop:e to 9ett:e ner t+e *,6p-n" "ro,n*9.

T+-9 +9 :e* to t+e t;-n pro7:e69 o/ peop:e :-?-n" -n ,n+e:t+8 con*-t-on9 n* prote9t-n" /or t+e

c:o9,re o/ t+e *,6p-n" "ro,n*91 9 *,6p-n" c,9e9 +e:t+ +Lr*9 /or t+e peop:e -n t+e ?-c-n-t8.

T+e ?er"e :-/e o/  *,6p-n" "ro,n* -9 % 8er9. T+e re6-n-n" :-/e o/ o,r :r"e9t *,6p-n"

"ro,n*1 -.e.1 Deonr1 -9 on:8 /-?e to 9-5 8er9 n*1 9o /r1 no :ternt-?e 9-te +9 7een /o,n* /or

;9te *-9po9:. T+e ;9te1 ;+-c+ o//er9 n -ncent-?e  /ter 9e::-n" :-<e pper1 6et:1 etc.1 -9 9o:* to

-n/or6: *e:er9 78 r" p-c<er9. B,t t+e ot+er or"n-c ;9te1 o:* 7tter-e91 po:89t8rene

(t+er6oco:)1 po:8t+ene 7"91 *e7r-91 to n6e  /e;1 *o not +?e 9,c+ -ncent-?e9 n* t+e9e re -n

+,"e ,nt-t-e9. A:9o1 9-nce -t t<e9  :on" t-6e to *eco6po9e1 ;+en *,6pe*1 9,c+ ;9te

occ,p-e9 n* /-::9 t+e :o;:8-n" re9. n /ct1 t+e 9erc+ /or  ne; *,6p-n" "ro,n* 9trt9 on:8

;+en t+e /-::-n" re o/ t+e *,6p-n" "ro,n* -9 e5+,9te*. B9-c::81 t+e :o;er t+e ;9te1 t+e

:on"er t+e :-/e o/ t+e *,6p-n" "ro,n* n* ?-ce ?er9.

T+e ;9te t t+e *,6p-n" "ro,n* -9 co?ere* ;-t+ *e7r-9 n* 9pre* e?en:8 -n :8er9. T+e or"n-c

;9te ,n*er"oe9 nt,r: *eco6po9-t-on n* "enerte9  /:,-*1 ;+-c+ -9 <no;n  :ec+te1 n* -9

?er8 +r6/,: to t+e eco989te61 -/ not trete* proper:8. T+e :ec+te penetrte9 t+e 9o-: n*1 -/ not

37
 pre?ente*1 po::,te9 t+e "ro,n* ;ter. A:9o1 /:-e91 6o9,-toe9 n* 6n8 ot+er pe9t9 7ree* on t+e

;9te n* ,n:e99 proper:8 6-nt-ne*1 t+e *,6p9 re  p,7:-c +e:t+ +Lr*.

De7r-9 D-9po9:

n M,67-1 e?er8 *8 '1%%%tonne9 o/ *e7r-9 -9 "enerte* o//-c-::81 o/ ;+-c+ 9o6e prt "oe9 to

t+e *,6p-n" "ro,n* /or 9pre*-n" o?er t+e or"n-c "r7"e1 9 ert+ -9 e5pen9-?e. T+e re6-n-n"

*e7r-9 -9 9pre* ne5t to t+e ro*91 -n t+e cree<91 ne5t to r-:;8 trc<9 n* on open "ro,n*9.

E?er8 *81 9o6e;+ere or t+e ot+er1 -n 9o6e 7,-:*-n"1 9o6e reno?t-on t<e9 p:ce1 "enert-n"

*e7r-9. T+-9 co,:* 7e o/ +o,9e9 or 9+op9V -t co,:* 7e /or rep-r o/ 7,-:*-n"9 or *e6o:-t-on o/ o:*

 7,-:*-n"9 /or recon9tr,ct-on. To "-?e n e56p:e1 -/ t+e e5tern: 9,r/ce o/  7,-:*-n" o/ '% /:oor9

-9 rep-re*1 t+e ;9te "enerte* ;o,:* 7e ner:8 '%% tr,c<:o*9 ;+-c+ cn 7e ,9e* e-t+er -n

/-::-n" :o;:8-n" re9 or /or rec:6t-on. Pre9ent:81 t+ere -9 no ;8 o/ 6on-tor-n" reno?t-on9

n* rep-r9 7ec,9e -t *oe9 not nee* n8 per6-99-on9 /ro6 ,t+or-t-e9. T+e concerne* +o,9-n"

9oc-et-e9 "-?e t+e per6-99-on9 /or t+e reno?t-on9  rep-r9V +ence1 no *t -9 ?-:7:e on t+-9.

T+e on:8 re",:t-on1 ;+-c+ +9 7een -6po9e* 78 t+e Corport-on1 -9 t+t t+e re ;+ere t+e

rep-r91 reno?t-on9 n* ne; con9tr,ct-on9 +?e +ppene*1 nee*9 to 7e c:ene* ,p /ro6 ::

;9te91 /ter t+e co6p:et-on o/ ;or<.

T+ere re tr,c<er9 ;+o ern  :-?e:-+oo* 78 co::ect-n" t+-9 *e7r-9 n* trn9port-n" -t /or *-9po9:.

Ho;e?er1 *-9po9-n" -t o// proper:8 re6-n9  concern1 9 t+ere -9 ?er8 :-tt:e 9pce -n M,67-. t

+9 to 7e crte* o?er :on" *-9tnce9 ;+-c+ -ncre9e9 trn9portt-on co9t9 9o 9-"n-/-cnt:8 9 to

6<e t+e ent-re 7,9-ne99= ,npro/-t7:e. So -t -9 *,6pe* c:n*e9t-ne:8 -n t+e cree<91 t+,91

*e9tro8-n" o,r ?:,7:e 6n"ro?e9. A9 M,67- +9  co9t: 9tretc+ o/ 4% 9. <61 -t +9

n,6ero,9 cree<9. T+e9e re c+nne:9 o/ ;ter ;+-c+ occ,p8 6r9+8 :n* *,r-n" +-"+ t-*e. T+e

9:t8 ;ter occ,p-e9 t+e :n* *,r-n" +-"+ t-*e n* *r-n9 o// *,r-n" :o; t-*e. T+-9 n,rt,re9 p:nt9

38
c::e* 6n"ro?e9. T+e9e p:nt91 -n t,rn1 +?e :e?e9 ;+-c+ pro?-*e o58"en to t+e ;ter /or /-9+e9

to 7ree* -n t+e cree<9. n 6n8 re91 :-<e 0er9o?1 Gor-1 C+r<op n* Mn<+,r*1 t+e ent-re

eco989te6 o/ t+e cree< +9 7een *e9tro8e* 9 ;9te -9 *,6pe* 9,rrept-t-o,9:8.

ncre9-n" pr-ce9 o/ :n* n* 6ore con9tr,ct-on ct-?-t-e9 re /orc-n" t+e *e6o:-t-on o/ o:*

9tr,ct,re9 n* 7,-:*-n" ne; 9tr,ct,re9 n* cret-n" 6ore *e7r-9 ;9te9. De7r-91 7e-n" ?er8 7,:<8

-n nt,re
nt,re11 re,-r
re,-re9
e9 6ore
6ore 9pce1
9pce1 re*,c-
re*,c-n"
n" t+e :-/e 9pn
9pn o/ t+e *,6p-n
*,6p-n"
" "ro,n*.
"ro,n*. T+ere/ore
T+ere/ore11

6,n-c-p:-
6,n-c-p:-t-e91
t-e91 "ener::81
"ener::81 re/,9e
re/,9e t+e entr8 o/ *e7r-9 -nto *,6p-n"
*,6p-n" "ro,n*9
"ro,n*9 ot+er t+n ;+t t+e8

nee* to co?er t+e "r7"e. @-n*-n" /e; ?-7:e :ternt-?e91 peop:e j,9t *,6p t+e *e7r-9 78

ro*9-*e9. O?er t-6e1 peop:e 9trt *,6p-n" or"n-c ;9te on top o/ *e7r-9 not on:8 co6po,n*-n"

t+e ;9te *-9po9: pro7:e6 7,t :9o cret-n"  +e:t+ +Lr*.

Gr7"e Co::ect-on  !o; Ser?-ce* Are9

T+e "r7"e co::ect-on ct-?-t8 -t9e:/ +9 9e?er: *-//erence9 6on"9t t+e :oc:-t-e9V t+ere re

+-"+:89er?-ce* re91 6e*-,69er?-ce* re9 n* ?er8 :o;9er?-ce* re9.

 ;o,:* :-<e to +-"+:-"+t t+e :o;9er?-ce* re9 ;+-c+ re t+e 9:,69V 9:,69 re not 9een 9 t+e

r-"+t/
r-"+t/,:
,: rec-p-
rec-p-ent
ent99 o/ t+e /or6:
/or6: 989te
989te69
69 o/ 9o:-*
9o:-* ;9te
;9te 6n"e6
6n"e6ent
ent (S>M).
(S>M). T+e :oc:
:oc:

"o?ern
"o?ern6en
6entt e5ten*9
e5ten*9 -t9 9er?-c
9er?-ce9
e9 on:8
on:8 to re",:
re",:r-9
r-9e*
e* 9:,69
9:,69 ;+-c+
;+-c+ re *ec:re
*ec:re*
* o//-c-
o//-c-:
: or

reco"n-9e* ,n*er t+e cen9,9 o/ 9:,69. T+-9 9tep 6ot+er:8 tret6ent -91 -n e//ect1 t+e c-t89 o;n

,n*o-n"1 9-nce 9:,69 /or6 4% o/ M,67-. Moreo?er1 t+e9e rt-/-c-: 7o,n*r-e9 cn +r*:8

 pre?ent t+e 9pre* o/ *-rt n* *-9e9e. A 9t,*8 *one 78 Yo,t+ /or n-t8 n* 0o:,ntr8 Act-on

(Y0A) -n $F1 co?er-n" $%% co66,n-t-e9 -n t+e 9:,6 poc<et o/ Jo"e9+;r- (E9t)1 /o,n* t+t

;+-:e re9-*ent9 ;ere ;re o/ t+e pro7:e69 re:te* to -n*e,te prct-ce9 o/ +o,9e+o:* *-9po9:

39
o/ ;9te n* 989te69 o/ co::ect-on n* trn9portt-on o/ "r7"e -n t+e co66,n-t81 t+ere ;9

?er8 :-tt:e co66,n-t8 -n?o:?e6ent -n 9o:?-n" t+e pro7:e6.

T-6e /or >9te To Deco6po9e

>+en t+e ;9te -9 *,6pe*1 -t *oe9 not *eco6po9e ?er8 ,-c<:8 n* 6<e ;8 & >ee<9

/or t+e ot+er ;9te. T+e nt,re o/ ;9te 7e-n" *,6pe* n* t+e t-6e -t t<e9 to

*eco6po9e1 po9e  9er-o,9 t+ret to t+e en?-ron6ent 9 ;e:: 9 +,6n +e:t+.

G-?en 7e:o; re 9o6e e56p:e9 to ,n*er9tn* +o; 6,c+ t-6e -t t<e9 /or

?r-o,9 6ter-:9 to *eco6po9e. 0e"et7:e91 @r,-t S<-n91 >9te @oo*

Pper B"9 $ Mont+
C:ot+ B"9  Mont+9
>oo* P-ece9 $%$ Yer9
!et+er S+oe9 n* Sn*:9 &%% Yer9
ron S+eet9 %$%% Yer9
A:,6-n-,6 S+eet9 '%%'% Yer9
P:9t-c B"9 $ M-::-on Yer9

. B,*"etr8 A::oct-on

O?er:: B,*"et

B,*"etr8 ::oct-on /or 9o:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent -n t+e c-t8 o/ M,67- /or t+e 8er '%%'%%&

6o,nte* to R9&.''crore co6pre* to R9''.3$crore -n $3$F1 n -ncre9e o/ &. T+-9

40
con9t-t,te* $& o/ t+e tot: 7,*"et o/ t+e MCGM ;+-c+ 9too* t R9''4.'crore. S,c+  +-"+

-ncre9e -9  re/:ect-on o/ t+e "ro;-n" concern /or t+e ;9te *-9po9: cr-9-9 -n t+e c-t8 6on" t+e

:oc: n* re"-on: ,t+or-t-e9. Co9t9 /or 6-ntennce o/ *,6p-n" "ro,n*1 ;9te trn9portt-on

n* +-re c+r"e9 co6e to R9$'4crore n* con9t-t,te ner:8 'F o/ t+e tot: 7,*"et ::octe* /or

S>M.

T+e 7,*"et /or 9c+e6e91 :-<e 9:,6 *opt-on n* A*?nce !oc:-t8 Mn"e6ent (A!M) co6e9

to R9crore1 ;+-c+ -9 $.$ o/ t+e tot: S>M 7,*"et. Ner:8 4% o/ M,67-9 pop,:t-on :-?e -n

9:,69 ;+-c+ co?er 3 o/ t+e :n* re o/ t+e c-t8. n t+e M,n-c-p: pro?-9-on9 /or S>M1 on:8

t+o9e 9:,69 ;+-c+ re not-/-e* n* re on 6,n-c-p: or pr-?te :n* re 9er?-ce*V 9er?-ce9 to

ot+er 9:,69 re not cco,nte* /or -n t+e 7,*"et. T+e 7,*"et ::oct-on /or 9:,69 /or69 on:8 $'

o/ t+e tot: S>M 7,*"et.

n/or6: Sector

T+e tot: ,nt-t8 o/ 31%'tonne9 o/

o / 9o:-* ;9te1 6ent-one* 78 t+e MCGM1 -9 t+e o//-c-: /-",re

o/ ;9te 7e-n" co::ecte* 7,t t+e ct,: "enert-on -9 6,c+ +-"+er. O/ t+e "r7"e 7e-n" *,6pe*

-n t+e 7-n91  con9-*er7:e 6o,nt -9 re6o?e* 78 r" p-c<er9 ;+o t+en 9ort -t o,t n* 9e:: t+e6 to

t+o9e ;+o *e: -n rec8c:7:e9 :-<e pper1

p per1 p:9t-c91 6et:1 etc.

T+-9 -n*,9tr8 -9 one t+t -9 :r"e 7,t -n/or6: ;+ere t+e r" p-c<er9 pro?-*e t+e rec8c:7:e9 n*

t+e trn9ct-on9 r,n -nto crore9 o/ r,pee9. T+-9 -n/or6: -n*,9tr8 +e:p9 -n t+e re*,ct-on o/ ;9te

 7e-n" trn9porte* to t+e *,6p-n" "ro,n*9.

T+ere re peop:e1 "ener::8 <no;n 9 <7*-;::91 ;+o co::ect o:* ne;9pper91 6"L-ne91

6et: 9crp n* ot+er 9,c+ -te69 n* 9e:: t+e6 to 9+op9 *e:-n" -n t+e 96e. Be9-*e9 c9+

trn9ct-on91 t+e *e:9 :9o -n?o:?e 7rterV  pop,:r e 5c+n"e 7e-n" "r:-c "-n9t p:9t-c.

Project A-6

41
O?er:: A-6 o/ t+e project ;9 to *eter6-ne ;+et+er t+e N-9r"r,n tec+no:o"81

9 ,9e* 78 or"n-Lt-on9 -n M,67- n* e:9e;+ere1 -9 n e//ect-?e ;8 o/ 

 proce99-n" ;9te n* 7ene/-t-n" t+e peop:e ;+o operte t+e p:nt.

4.PROJECT OBJECT0ES

To ,n*er9tn* t+e ;8 ;9te -9 *-9po9e* o/ n* proce99e* ;-t+-n M,67-

To ,n*er9tn* ro:e o/ r" p-c<er9 -n ;9te 9e"re"t-on.

H?e  "oo* ,n*er9tn*-n" o/ t+e N-9r"r,n n* opert-on o/ t+e N-9r"r,n

42
 p:nt t S+t7*- Ho9p-t:1 Go?n*-.

H?e  :-9t o/ *?nt"e9 o/ t+e N-9r"r,n tec+no:o"8 t+t co,:* 7e ,9e* 78

"o?ern6ent or"n-Lt-on1 ot+er or"n-Lt-on or  pro9pect-?e entreprene,r -n

ot+er p:ce9

To ,n*er9tn* ro:e o/ Stree 6,<t- 9n"t+n -n po?ert8 ::e?-t-on

To ,n*er9tn* t+e po99-7-:-t8 o/ *e?e:op-n" 7,9-ne99 e:9e ;+ere -n n*-.

3.Project T9< 

To ?-9-t *,6p9-te to 9t,*8 t+e c,rrent ;9te *-9po9: 9cenr-o

St,*8 t+e pre9ent ;9te +n*:-n" pproc+ 78 -n+7-tnt -n t+e c-t8 9,7,r7 78

crr8-n" 96:: 9,r?e8 ;or< 

43
To crr8 o,t o79er?t-on ;or< to 9t,*8 t+e opert-on9 o/ N-9r"r,n P:nt

:octe* t Go?n*-1 S+t7*- Ho9p-t:.

To ?-9-t 9tree 6,<t- 9n"t+n

To ?-9-t ot+er 9-6-:r tec+no:o"8 p:nt to e?:,te 6er-t9 n* *e6er-t9 o/ 7ot+

tec+no:o"8

To prepre 7,9-ne99 9trte"8 to *e?e:op N-9r"r,n Tec+no:o" 8 -n ot+er re9.

Re?-e; o/ :-tert,re n* c9e 9t,*-e9 ?-:7:e on ;9te 6n"e6ent t Br-t-9+

Co,nc-: !-7rr81 A6er-cn Re9o,rce Centre n* A:: n*- n9t-t,te o/ :oc: 9e:/ 

"o?ern6ent -n M,67-.

 N-9r"r,n

 N-9r"r,n 7-o"9 p:nt /or rene;7:e ener"8 -9 *e?e:ope* 78 9en-or 9c-ent-9t Dr.

S+r* K:e t N,c:er A"r-c,:t,re n* B-otec+no:o"8 D-?-9-on o/ B+7+

Ato6-c Re9erc+ Centre (BARC) -n M,67-.

B-o699 -n n8 /or6 -9 -*e: /or t+e 7-o6et+nt-on concept1 ;+-c+ -9 t+e centr:

-*e o/ t+e N-9r"r,n 7-o"9 p:nt9. B-o699 9,c+ 9 7nn p:ntt-on1

G8:r-c-*- or n8 ot+er "reen 6n,re crop91 /-ne:8 po;*ere* 9tr;1 7-o*e"r*7:e

;9te 6ter-:9 cn 9er?e 9 r; 6ter-:9 /or N-9r"r,n p:nt9. Ot+er r;

6ter-:9 ;o,:* -nc:,*e ?e"et7:e n* /r,-t 6r<et ;9te1 /r,-t n* /oo*

 proce99-n" -n*,9tr-e9 ;9te1 <-tc+en ;9te /ro6 re9-*ent-: co:on-e9 9c+oo:9

co::e"e9 r68 7-" e9t7:-9+6ent cnteen91 +ote:91 +o9te:91 +o9p-t: re:-"-o,9

 p:ce91 pper1 "r*en ;9te1 n-6: n* 7tto-r ;9te etc. M,n-c-p: ,t+or-t-e91

t+ere/ore1 +?e to en9,re o/ 9,c+ 9e"re"te* ;9te 7e/ore p,tt-n" ,p o/ t+e 7-o"9

 p:nt. >9te :-<e Cocon,t 9+e::91 e"" 9+e::91 7-" 7one91 p:9t-cpo:8t+ene1 ":991

44
6et:1 9n*1 9:-t1 *e7r-9 n* 7,-:*-n" 6ter-:91 ;oo*1 c:ot+ c:ot+e91 rope91 n8:on

t+re*91 7tter-e91 r,77er pro*,ct91 +Lr*o,9 n* c+e 6-c: -n*,9tr-e9 ;9te

cnnot 7e trete* n* -9 9tr-ct:8 ?o-*e* /or N-9r"r,n P:nt9 (Dr S K:e1 '%%)

F Tec+no:o"8

Tec+n-c: *et-:9 o/ t+e p:nt

Mjor co6ponent9 o/ BARC’9  N-9r"r,n p:nt -nc:,*e  6-5t,rep,:per ;-t+ 

HP 6otor(9) /or cr,9+-n" 9o:-* ;9te1  pre6-5 tn<1  pre*-"e9ter tn<1 n -r 

45
co6pre99or1  9:o; ;ter +eter or 9o:r pne:91  6-n *-"e9t-on tn<1  "9

*e:-?er8 989te61 6n,re p-t91  tn< /or rec8c:-n" ;ter1  ;ter p,6p1 9:,rr8

 p,6p n*  "9 ,t-:-Lt-on 989te6. T+e ;9te -9 +o6o"en-Le* -n  6-5er ,9-n"

;ter. T+-9 9:,rr8 enter9 t+e pre*-"e9ter tn< ;+ere ero7-c t+er6op+-:-c 7cter-

 pro:-/erte n* con?ert prt o/ t+-9 ;9te -nto or"n-c c-*9 :-<e cet-c c-*1 7,t8r-c

c-*1 prop-on-c c-* n* /or6-c c-* (Dr S K:e1 '%%).

T+e t+ree 9tep9 o/ N-9r"j8ot- (7-o"9) pro*,ct-on

 N-9r"j8ot- 6-cro7e9 con9-9t o/  :r"e "ro,p o/ co6p:e5 n* *-//erent:8 ct-n"

6-cro7e 9pec-e91 not7:8 6et+nepro*,c-n" 7cter-. T+e ;+o:e N-9r"j8ot-

/or6t-on proce99 cn 7e *-?-*e* -nto t+ree 9tep9# +8*ro:89-91 c-*-/-ct-on1 n*

6et+ne /or6t-on. 0r-o,9 t8pe9 o/ 7cter- re -n?o:?e* -n t+e9e proce99e9.

H8*ro:89-9

n t+e /-r9t 9tep (+8*ro:89-9)1 t+e or"n-c 6tter -9 enL86o:8Le* e5tern::8 78 e5tr

ce::,:r enL86e9 (ce::,:9e1 68:9e1 prote9e n* :-p9e) o/ 6-croor"n-969 -n t+e

 pre*-"e9ter tn<. Con?ert-n" 9o:-* ;9te -nto :-,-* /or6 -n t+e 6-5er 9t-6,:te9

t+-9 9tep. Bcter- 9trt *eco6po9-n" t+e :on" c+-n9 o/ t+e co6p:e5

cr7o+8*rte91 prote-n9 n* :-p-*9 -nto 9+orter prt9. Prote-n9 re 9p:-t -nto pept-*e9

n* 6-no c-*9. S-6p:e cr7o+8*rte9 n* prote-n9 re *e"r*e* co6p:ete:8.

Ac-*-/-ct-on

Ac-*pro*,c-n" 7cter- -n?o:?e* -n t+e 9econ * 9tep con?ert t+e -nter6e*-te9 o/ 

/er6ent-n" 7cter- -nto cet-c c-* (CHCOOH)1 +8*ro"en (H') n* cr7on

*-o5-*e (CO') -n t+e pre*-"e9ter. T+e9e 7cter-1 o/ t+e "en,9 7c-::,91 re ero7-c

46
n* /c,:tt-?e:8 nero7-c1 n* cn "ro; ,n*er c-*-c con*-t-on9. An -r 

co6pre99or 6-nt-n9 ero7-c con*-t-on9 -n t+e pre*-"e9ter. To pro*,ce cet-c

c-*1 t+e 7cter- ,9e t+e o58"en *-99o:?e* -n t+e 9o:,t-on or 7on*e*o58"en.

Here781 t+e c-*pro*,c-n" 7cter- re*,ce t+e co6po,n*9 ;-t+  :o; 6o:ec,:r 

;e-"+t -nto :co+o:91 or"n-c c-*91 6-no c -*91 cr7on *-o5-*e1 +8*ro"en

9,:p+-*e n* trce9 o/ 6et+ne. T+e pH o/ t+e r; 9:,rr8 /::9 /ro6 3. to 7o,t

&.. -n t+e pre*-"e9ter 

Met+ne /or6t-on

Met+nepro*,c-n" 7cter-1 -n?o:?e* -n t+e t+-r* 9tep1 *eco6po9e co6po,n*9

;-t+  :o; 6o:ec,:r ;e-"+t. n*er nt,r: con* -t-on91 6et+nepro*,c-n"

6-croor"n-969 occ,r to t+e e5tent t+t nero7-c con*-t-on9 re pro?-*e*1 /or 

-n9tnce ,n*er ;ter (-n 6r-ne 9e*-6ent9)1 -n r,6-nnt 9to6c+9 n* -n 6r9+e9.

T+e8 re nero7-c n* ?er8 9en9-t-?e to en?-ron6ent: c+n"e9. n con tr9t to

c-*o"en-c n* ceto"en-c 7cter-1 6et+no"en-c 7cter- 7e:on" to t+e

rc+e7cter- "ro,p1  "ro,p o/ 7cter- ;-t+  ?er8 +etero"eneo,9 6orp+o:o"8

n*  n,67er o/ co66on 7-oc+e6-c: n* 6o:ec,:r7-o:o"-c: propert-e9 t+t

*-9t-n",-9+ t+e6 /ro6 :: ot+er 7cter-: "ener. t -9 *?-97:e to c-rc,:te t+e

"enerte* 7-o"9 7c< -nto t+e 989te6 ,9-n"  96:: co6pre99or. T+-9 ;o,:*

en+nce t+e re*,ct-on o/ cr7on *-o5-*e to 6et+ne n* enr-c+6ent o/ 6et+ne

/rct-on -n t+e 7-o"9.

T+e 9eprt-on o/ t;o 9t"e9 -n 6et+ne pro*,ct-on +e:p9 -n -6pro?-n" t+e p,r-t8

o/ 6et+ne "91 t+ere78 -ncre9-n" -t9 /,e: e//-c-enc8. Ho;e?er1 t+e ?er"e

co6po9-t-on ro,n* t+e 8er ;o,:* *epen* on +o; e//ect-?e:8 pre*-"e9ter 

47
te6pert,re9 cn 7e 6-nt-ne*. T+e o7t-ne* 7-o"9 -9  6-5t,re o/ 6et+ne (3%

3)1 cr7on *-o5-*e ($%$) n* ;ter ?por ($%).

Mer-t9 o/ 9et,p

W E98 to 6-nt-n

W S89te6 -9 *e9-"ne* -n*-"eno,9:8 -n n*-V n* *oe9 not con9-9t o/ n8

e5pen9-?e -6porte* co6ponent91 t+,9 en9,r-n" e98 ?-:7-:-t8 o/ 9pre9.

W Mo9t 9,7opert-on9 *oe9 not re,-re +-"+ 9<-::. >or<er9 cn 7e tr-ne* /or 

 p:nt opert-on -n  6ont+9.

W Cn 7e 6ore e//-c-ent ;+en ;9te -np,t -9 "oo* ,:-t8 o/ 9e"re"te* ;9te

De6er-t9 o/ 9et,p

W Mo9t o/ t+e opert-on9 re 6n,: n* no 6ec+n-c: opert-on9 -n?o:?e* -n

t+e 989te61 pre*-"e9ter 989te6 nee*9 6n,: opert-on o/ /ee*-n" t+e 9:,rr8

/,rt+er to t+e pre*-"e9ter /ro6 t+e -n:et c+nne:. Ae9t+et-c::8 -t 68 not :oo< 

"oo*.

W Hot ;ter -n t+e pre*-"e9ter nee*9 to 7e po,re* 6n,::8.

W T+ere ;9 7* o*o,r t t+e p:nt. t 6-"+t *-9t,r7 ne-"+7o,r9 n* *;e::er9 9

;e:: 9 ot+er ?-9-tor9 too.

W S:,*"e +o:*-n" tn<9 9+o;e* 7,77:e91 ;+-c+ -n*-cte9 t+t t+e t+ere 6-"+t 7e

9o6e nero7-c con*-t-on91 ;+-c+ -9 *,e to -nco6p:ete *-"e9t-on o/ t+e 9:,rr8.

W T+ere -9 no proper 9+re**-n" or c,tt-n" o/ t+e ;9te -n t+e 6-5er1 -t on:8

+o6o"en-Le9 ;-t+ ;ter 7,t *oe9n’t "et cr,9+e* 7 8 t+e 7:*e9. D-"e9t-on ;-::

 7e /9ter ;-t+ proper:8 cr,9+e* ;9te.

48
So6e o/ t+e9e pro7:e69 re e98 to o?erco6e. T+e 96e:: /ro6 t+e ero7-c *-"e9ter9

co,:* 7e re6o?e* 78 enc:o9-n" t+e9e pre*-"e9ter9 n* rec8c:-n" t+e -r ro,n*

t+e6. T+e "r-n*er co,:* 7e re*e9-"ne* to 7re< ,p t+e /ee*9toc<. T+e e9t+et-c

ppernce co,:* 7e -6pro?e*1 "-n 78 enc:o9-n" t+e p:nt -n  7,-:*-n" or e?en

9+-e:*-n" -t ;-t+ tree9.

. E?:,t-n" 6jor 7ene/-t9 o/ Project

Tec+n-c:

Ener"8 -n t+e /or6 o/ B-o"9# T+e pro*,ct-on o/ n ener"8 re9o,rce1 7-o"9 /ro6

 N-9r"r,n -9 6o9t tn"-7:e 7ene/-t. N-9r"j8ot- (B-o"9) ,9e1 rep:c-n"

49
con?ent-on: /,e:9 :-<e <ero9ene or /-re;oo*1 ::o;9 /or t+e con9er?t-on o/ nt,r:

re9o,rce9. t t+ere/ore -ncre9e9 -t9 o;n ?:,e 78 t+e ?:,e o/ /ore9t9 9?e* or 

 p:nte*. T+e pr-ce o/ 9,pp:-e* ener"8 pro*,ce* 78 N-9r"j8ot- cn co6pete ;-t+

*-9torte* pr-ce9 on t+e nt-on: or re"-on: :e?e: o/ t+e ener"8 6r<et. A

*ecentr:-Le*1 econo6-c::8 9e:/9,//-c-ent N-9r"j8ot- ,n-t  , n*er co6pet-t-?e

con*-t-on9 2 cn pro?-*e ener"8 ;-t+o,t 6r<et *-9tort-on9 (Dr S <:e1 '%%).

En?-ron6ent# N-9r"r,n ;-:: contr-7,te -n 9?-n" o/ "reen+o,9e po::,tnt

e6-99-on /ro6 ,nre",:te* *,6p9-te9. Prct-c-n" 7-o"9 pro*,ct-on -n r,r: re

cn +?e 9e?er: *?nt"e91 9,c+ 9 re:-e?-n" *e6n* on e:ectr-c-t81 co:1 o-:1

/-re;oo* n* pro7:e69 99oc-te* ;-t+ t+e *6-n-9trt-?e  *-9tr-7,t-on net;or<.

T+e or"n-c 6tter re,-re* /or 7-o"9 pro*,ct-on -9 7,n*nt n* re*-:8

?-:7:e. Decre9-n" t+e *e6n* /or /-re;oo* 9pre9 t+e /ore9t n* /,rt+er9

//ore9tt-on e//ort9 (C+on"r< Po:pr9ert1 $4) n* +e:p9 -n re*,c-n" "reen+o,9e

 po::,tnt9 -nto t+e t6o9p+ere. Accor*-n" to n n*-n e9t-6t-on1  N-9r"r,n

 p:nt o/ '.F 6  cpc-t8 cn 9?e  /ore9te* re o/ %.$' +ectre9 (Dr S K:e1 '%%)

 N,tr-ent rec:6t-on 78 ,9-n" Or"n-c 6n,re# T+e n,tr-ent9 (N1 P1 K) pre9ent

-n t+e ;9te re ,9,::8 -n co6p:e5 or"n-c /or691 *-//-c,:t to 7e t<en ,p 78 t+e

crop91 A/ter *-"e9t-on t :e9t % o/ t+e N p re9ent -9 -n t+e /or6 o/ *-99o:?e*

66on-1 ;+-c+ cn 7e n-tr-/-e* to 7eco6e n-trte1 /or pp:-ct-on to crop9 9o 9

to 7e re*-:8 ?-:7:e /or ,pt<e1 t+,9 *-"e9t-on -ncre9e9 t+e ?-:7-:-t8 o/ N -n

or"n-c ;9te9 to 7o?e -t9 ,9,: rn"e o/ 7o,t %4%. T+e p+o9p+te n*

 pot9+ content9 re not *ecre9e*1 n* t+e-r ?-:7-:-t8 o/ 7o,t % n* F%1

re9pect-?e:81 -9 not c+n"e* *,r-n" *-"e9t-on. D-"e9t-on proce99 * oe9 not re6o?e

50
or *e9tro8 n8 o/ t+e n,tr-ent9 /ro6 *o6e9t-c n* /r6 ;9te91 7,t 6<e9 t+e6

6ore ?-:7:e to p:nt9. n **-t-on to 7e-n" ,9e* 9  /ert-:-9er1 t+e 7-o"9

*-"e9te* 9:,rr8 c6e o,t /ro6 p:nt ct 9  9o-: con*-t-oner n* +e:p9 to -6pro?e

t+e p+89-c: propert-e9 o/ t+e 9o-:. T+e pp:-ct-on o/ *-"e9ter 9:,rr8 to

,npro*,ct-?e 9o-:9 ;o,:* e?ent,::8 -6pro?e t+e 9o-: ,:-t81 or ,9e:e99 :n* co,:*

 7e rec:-6e* (C+on"r< Po:pr9ert1 $4)

!n*/-:: :-/e n* I,:-t8# !n*/-:: *,6p9 7eco6e ,n9t7:e 78 rott-n" o/ ?e"et7:e

;9te9 -n t+e *,6p. Rott-n" o/ ?e"et7:e ;9te9 c,9e9 t+e "enert-on o/ 6et+ne

n* t+e re*,ct-on -n ?o:,6e o/ t+e 9o-: -n t+e *,6p. t 9+o,:* 7e po99-7:e to 7,-:*

on  /o,n*t-on 6*e /ro6 -nert ;9te (;-t+o,t ?e"et7:e ;9te9) ;-t+-n 7o,t F

8er91 co6pre* to t+e '% 8er9 t+t -9 re,-re* 7e/ore  *,6p nor6::8 9top9

 7e-n" ,n9t7:e. Seprt-on o/ or"n-c ;9te /ro6 t+e pre?-:-n" *,6p-n" prct-ce

o/ ;9te ;-:: re*,ce t+e ,nt-t8 o/ ;9te "o -n" to *,6p9-te. t ;-:: t+,9 -ncre9e

t+e :-/e o/ :n*/-:: /or ,9e n* :9o t+e ,:-t8 o/ :n* 6*e 78 /-::-n" t+e :n*.

Ho;e?er1 78 "-?-n" correct tret6ent to :ec+te n* co67,9t-7:e "9e9 pro*,ce*

 78 re6-n-n" ;9te ;-:: :9o re*,ce t+e po::,t-on n* ot+er +e:t+ +Lr*9.

He:t+ Protect-on

n t+e +e:t+ 9ector1 7ene/-t9 /ro6 N-9r"r,n p:nt9 r-9e 7ot+ t t+e -n*-?-*,:

:e?e: 9 ;e:: 9 t t+e :e?e: o/ 9oc-et8. N-9r"r,n p:nt9 9er?e 9 6et+o*9 o/ 

*-9po9: /or ;9te n* 9e;"e n* -n t+-9 ;8 *-rect:8 contr-7,te to  7etter 

+8"-ene 9-t,t-on /or -n*-?-*,: ,9er9. B8 centr::8 co::ect-n" *,n" n* 78

connect-n" :tr-ne91 open 9tor"e cn 7e ?o-*e*. Aprt /ro6 t+-91 pt+o"en9 re

e5ten9-?e:8 e:-6-nte* *,r-n" t+e *-"e9t-on proce99. T+eoret-c::81  re*,ct-on -n

51
t+e /re,enc8 o/ *-9e9e :e*9 to 9?-n"9 -n 6e*-c-ne n* con9,:tt-on co9t9.

Re"r*-n" t+e :e<"e o/ +e:t+ 9er?-ce9 -n r,r: re91 not+er pproc+ to

9?-n"9 -9 9,""e9te*. A9  con9e,ence o/ N-9r"r,n p:nt91 :7or pro*,ct-?-t8

;o,:* r-9e *,e to t+e e:-6-nt-on o/ potent-: *-9e9ec,9-n" "ent9 (Dr S K:e1

'%%).

Soc-o:o"-c:

E6p:o86ent# D,r-n" t+e con9tr,ct-on o/ N-9r"r,n p:nt91 t+ere re e//ect9 on

re"-on::oc: -nco6e n* e6p:o86ent (,n:e99 t+e9e re 7,-:t 78 -n?e9tor9

t+e69e:?e9). Per6nent jo79 re crete* /or p:nt per9onne:1 n* -n*-rect e//ect9

re9,:t -n contrct9 ;-t+ :oc: n* re"-on: co6pn-e9 /or t+e 9er?-ce n*

6-ntennce o/  p:nt1 -nc:,*-n" "9 7,rner9 -n +o,9e+o:*9. T+e ,t-:-Lt-on o/ 

 7-o"9 contr-7,te9 to n en:r"e* rn"e o/ ener"8 /,e:9 o//ere* on t+e 6r<et. n

t+-9 ;8 t+e :oc: 79-9 o/ ener"8 9,pp:8 cn 7e e5ten*e* n* 9ec,re*1 n* -t :9o

9-6p:-/-e9 t+e 9ett-n" o/ **-t-on: co66erc-: ct-?-t-e9 ;+ere t+e /ctor ener"8

+9 9o /r pro?e* to 7e  pro7:e6. At t+e re"-on: :e?e:1 :7or -nten9-?e1

*ecentr:-Le* N-9r"j8ot- ,n-t9 -6pro?e -nco6e *-9tr-7,t-on 6on"9t -nco6e

 7rc<et9 n* re*,ce re"-on: *-9pr-t-e91 en+nc-n" t+e ttrct-?ene99 o/ r,r: :-/e.

T+e *e9-"n o/  N-9r"r,n p:nt *oe9 not -n?o:?e n8 -6porte* 6ter-:9 n*

+ence -9 tr,:8 -n*-"eno,9.

Po?ert8 A::e?-t-on

So6e o/ t+e N-9r"r,n P:nt :octe* -n M,67-1 -9 6-nt-ne* n* operte* 78

Stree M,<t- Sn"t+n (SMS1 >o6en’9 :-7ert-on or"n-Lt-on)V -t +9 pro?-*e*

e6p:o86ent to t+e poor ;o6en ( pre?-o,9:8 ;+o ;ere ;or<-n" 9 ;9te p-c<er on

52
*,6p 9-te9 n* -n 9treet9). T+e8 ;or< on N-9r"r,n P:nt ;+ere t+e8 re tr-ne*

-n-t-::8 /or -t9 opert-on: <no; +o; 78 SMS. Re: e//ort9 78 ?o:,nteer 

or"n-Lt-on :-<e SMS +?e cert-n:8 +e:pe* poore9t o/ poor to "et 7etter 

:-?e:-+oo* n* 9oc-: 9tt,9.

@-nnc-:  Econo6-c An:89-9

M,n-c-p: ,t+or-t-e9# N-9r"r,n p:nt ;-:: 7e 6o9t +e:p/,: to M,n-c-p:

A,t+or-t-e9. Pre9ent:8 MCGM -9 9-* to 7e 9pen*-n" 6ore t+n $.% r,pee9 /or 

*-9po9: o/ one <" o/ ;9te /ro6 co66,n-t8 7-n9 to t+e ,nre",:te* *,6p9-te9. / 

 proce99-n" o/ or"n-c ;9te -9 *one 78 n9t::-n" N-9r"r,n P:nt9 -n 

*ecentr:-9e* ;8 t+en -t ;o,:* econo6-c: n * 9?e en?-ron6ent to "ret e5tent.

M,n-c-p: Corport-on9 68 "et *-//erent "o?ern6ent -* n* /,n*9 78 Nt-on:

(E56p:e# :-<e:8 to "et 9,79-*8 /ro6 M-n-9tr8 o/ Non Con?ent-on: Ener"8)  n*

nternt-on: "enc-e9 /or c-t8 *e?e:op6ent. (See Appen*-5 B /or *et-:

c:c,:t-on)

Corporte or n*,9tr-: ,9e# N-9r"r,n P:nt -9 -*e: /or proce99-n" ;9te -n

n*,9tr-e9 6-n:8 -n /or6 o/ cnteen /oo* ;9te1 proce99e* /oo* ;9te. N-9r"r,n

;-:: 7e +e:p/,: -n "ett-n" en?-ron6ent: cert-/-cte9 n* SO 9tn*r*9.

Re: e9tte *e?e:oper# N-9r"r,n P:nt cn 9o:?e 9o:-* ;9te *-9po9: pro7:e69

/or re9-*ent-: co6p:e5 or co66erc-: co6p:e5. Co9t o/ :n* /or Re: e9tte

*e?e:oper -9 co6pen9te* -n t+e /or6 o/ -ncent-?e9 /ro6 M,n-c-p: ,t+or-t-e9 /or 

"ett-n" e5tr /:oor 9pce -n*e5 (@S) to con9tr,ct. Re: E9tte *e?e:oper cn -n9t::

t+e 989te6 n* c+r"e prt-: 6o,nt to -t9 c,9to6er /or -n9t::-n" t+e p:nt. T+-9

;-:: +e:p De?e:oper to "et project co6p:et-on cert-/-cte /ro6 M,n-c-p:

53
A,t+or-t-e9. B-o"9 n* 6n,re cn 7e ,9e 78 re9-*ent9 /or +et-n"1 coo<-n" n*

/or "r*en-n" p,rpo9e.

 Non Go?ern6ent Or"n-9t-on# @or non "o?ern6ent or"n-9t-on n* ?o:,nteer 

or"n-9t-on1 -t ;o,:* 7e 7ene/-c-: to 9e:: 9er?-ce9 79e* o n N-9r"r,n

Tec+no:o"8. t ;o,:* 7e 7ene/-c-: to pro?-*e e6p:o86ent to poor peop:e /or 

opert-n" n* 6-nt-n-n" p:nt.

Bene/-t9 /or pr-?te ?ent,re# @ro6 ?ent,re ?-e; po-nt1 -t ;-:: not 7e po99-7:e to

"et +-"+ ret,rn9 on 79-9 o/ 9e::-n" ener"8 7,t pro/-t /ro6 ;9te proce99-n" c+r"e9

-9 e99ent-: too. B-""er 9c:e /or %$%% ton9*8 ;9te proce99-n" 68 7eco6e

?-7:e -/ -t -9 to 7e on :on" ter6 contrct 79-9. >+en re,-re6ent o/ proce99-n" o/ 

;9te co6e9 /ro6 M,n-c-p: Corport-on or /oo* proce99-n" -n*,9tr-e91 9e::-n"

6et+ne "9 to t+e :oc: ener"8 co6pn-e9 ;o,:* cert-n:8 6<e project pro/-t7:e

 7,9-ne99 -n ter69 o/ n?e9t6ent. (P:e9e re/er to Appen*-5 B /or 9pre*9+eet

6o*e:).

M-n A99,6pt-on9#

W t -9 99,6e* t+t :n* ;-:: 7e ?-:7:e /or -n9t::-n" N-9r"r,n p:nt or 

;-:: 7e pro?-*e* rent: /ree 78 concerne* ,t+or-t8 /or t+e project.

W P:nt ;-:: operte /or %% *89 per 8er.

W P:nt opert-n" cpc-t8 e//-c-enc8 ;-:: 7e F%.

W D-9co,nt rte -9 4 /or NP0

W OM ;-:: 7e $ per nn,6 o/ tot: cp-t: co9t t+ro,"+ o,t t+e project

:-/e.

W Ret-: pr-ce o/ !PG -9 '$ R,pee9 (R9)<" (9,79-*-Le*). B-o"9 9e::-n" pr-ce

54
-9 99,6e* $' R9K".(Se::-n" -t to Ener"8 co6pn8)

W Ret-: pr-ce o/ e:ectr-c-t8 -9  R9<;+. Se::-n" pr-ce -9  99,6e* /or 

R9<;+. (Se::-n" -t to Ener"8 co6pn8)

W Ret-: pr-ce o/ 6n,re -9  R9<". Se::-n" pr-ce -9 99,6e* /or ' R9<"

(B,:< pr-ce)

W A99,6-n" t+t 7n< -ntere9t rte9 n* t5 rte9 ;-:: re6-n 9te*8 t+ro,"+

o,t t+e project :-/e.

W @or M,n-c-p: So:-* >9te proce99-n" project91 ;9te trn9portt-on co9t to

t+e p:nt -9 99,6e* %.% R9<".

W P:nt ;-:: 7e opert-n" /or t :e9t $ 8er9 ;-t+ nor6: 6-ntennce

re,-re*.

W P:nt *eco66-99-on-n" co9t 6o,nt ;-:: 7e *j,9te* 78 9e::-n"

-n/r9tr,ct,re to t+e "enc-e9 -n?o:?e* -n rec8c:-n".

W T+ere re no e5tr 7ene/-t9 e.". S,79-*-e9 n* cr7on cre*-t9 "-?en to t+e

 project.

W %%1%%% r,pee9 ;-:: 7e re,-re* 9et,p o/ "enertor /or con?ert-n" 7-o"9 -nto

e:ectr-c-t8 on e?er8  ton9 ;9te proce99-n" cpc-t8 p:nt.

W M,n-c-p: Corport-on o/ Greter M,67- -9 9pen*-n" ro,n* $.F% R9<"

/or trn9port-n" ;9te /ro6 re/,9e 7-n to *,6p9-te. Con9-*er-n" t+t /ct -t

-9 99,6e* t+t Opertor ;-:: c+r"e 6,n-c-p: ,t+or-t-e9 $.% R9<" /or 

;9te proce99-n" ;+ere opertor ;-:: 7e trn9port-n" ;9te /ro6 re/,9e 7-n

to t+e p:nt.

W / M,n-c-p: A,t+or-t-e9 proce99 ;9te 78 -n9t::-n" N-9r"r,n t+en

55
6ont+:8 9?-n"9 on proce99-n" ;o,:* 7e $.% R9K"

W Pr-ce o/  ton ;9te proce99-n" cpc-t8 p:nt -9 R9 '. M-::-on ;-t+o,t

e:ectr-c-t8 "enert-n" e,-p6ent 9et,p. R9 %. M-::-on -9 e5tr co9t /or 

 pro?-*-n" e:ectr-c-t8 "enert-on e,-p6ent9 n* -n/r9tr,ct,re.

Sc+e6e9 R,n 78 MCGM

S:,6 A*opt-on Sc+e6e

t ;9 e5per-ence* t+t 7ec,9e o/ t+e +etero"eneo,9 pop,:t-on -n t+e 9:,69 t+ere -9 no 9en9e o/

 7e:on"-n"ne99 n* -t ;9 re:-9e* t+t n tte6pt 9+o,:* 7e 6*e to 6ot-?te n* -n?o:?e t+e

9:,6 pop,:t-on 78 ttc+-n" cert-n -ncent-?e9 to ;or< -n c:en-n" t+e 9:,69 n* 6-nt-n-n"

+8"-ene con*-t-on. t -9 -n t+-9 7c<"ro,n* t+t t+e S:,6 A*opt-on Sc+e6e t+ro,"+ co66,n-t8

 79e* or"n-9t-on9 n* p,7:-c prt-c-pt-on +9 7een 9trte* 78 t+e MCGM.

n-t-t-?e9

A*?nce* !oc:-t8 Mn"e6ent

A*?nce* !oc:-t8 Mn"e6ent (A!M) -9 :oc: 6n"e6ent o/ 9o:-* ;9te 78 c-t-Len9 ;+o

or"n-9e t+e69e:?e9 to 6n"e t+e-r ;9te. >et ;9te -9 9e"re"te* t +o,9e+o:* :e?e: n*

co6po9te* :oc::8 -n n8 ?-:7:e re1 p:nter91 etc.1 n* 9;eeper9 or r" p-c<er9 t<e *r8

;9te ;8. T+ere re -n :: 4& A!M9 :on" ;-t+ '34 ?er6-co6po9t p-t9 9pre* o?er 9-5 Lone9

o/ t+e MCGM9 j,r-9*-ct-on. T+-9 ;81 ppro5-6te:8 '%'tonne9 o/ "r7"e per *8 -9

 pre?ente* /ro6 rec+-n" t+e *,6p 8r*9. An enco,r"-n" /ct -9 t+t ;o6en r,n F% o/ t+e9e

A!M9. T+e MCGM +9 :9o e9t7:-9+e* ?er6-co6po9t project9 on -t9 o;n1 one ec+ -n t+e

e9tern n* ;e9tern 9,7,r791 re9pect-?e:81 to *e6on9trte to t+e c-t-Len91 t+e 7ene/-t9 o/ ?er6-

c,:t,re tec+no:o"8.

56
T+e 9,cce99 o/ n8 A!M *epen*9 ent-re:8 ,pon peop:e9 prt-c-pt-on. Or"n-9t-on o/ t+e

co66,n-t81 tr-n-n" n* -n-t-t-on -9 *one jo-nt:8 78 re9-*ent9 n* MCGM1 n* -9 -n-t-::8

/,n*e* 78 re9-*ent9 n* t+e Corport-on. At :ter 9t"e91 t+e ct-?-t-e9 re co6p:ete:8 /,n*e* 78

t+e re9-*ent9.

Rec8c:-n" De7r-9

De7r-9 -9 rec8c:e* to 6<e ne; con9tr,ct-onre:te* pro*,ct9 :-<e 7r-c<91 -nter:oc<-n" p?er9.

C-t8 n* n*,9tr-: De?e:op6ent Corport-on (CDCO) n* Y0A1 n NGO1 +?e co::7orte*

on t+-9 e//ort to con?ert t+e *e7r-9 n* re*,ce t+e :o* on *,6p-n" "ro,n*9. Pre9ent:81 t+e p:nt

-n N?- M,67- con?ert9 t+ree tonne9 o/ *e7r-9 per *8. Set ,p -n $1 t+-9 p:nt -9 one o/ -t9

<-n* -n t+e ;+o:e o/ n*- n* +9 7een 9,cce99/,: -n *e?e:op-n" pro*,ct9 con/or6-n" to n*-n

Stn*r* Co*e9 o/ prct-ce o/ t+e Centr: Go?ern6ent. T+e p:nt +9 9,cce99/,::8 co6p:ete*

rec8c:-n" $1%%% tonne9 o/ *e7r-9 t-:: *te.

Pr-9r0-<9 Sc+e6e

Stree M,<t- Sn"+tn1 n NGO1 +9 -n-t-te*  9c+e6e ;+-c+ /oc,9e9 on ,p:-/t-n" t+e 6o9t

*o;ntro**en 9ect-on o/ t+e 9oc-et8 t+e r" p-c<er ;o6en n* c+-:*ren. T+-9 9c+e6e -9 n -*e:

9o:,t-on1 9-nce r" p-c<er9 to"et+er ;-t+ t+e A!M 989te6 6n"e t+e ,p<eep o/ t+e-r

en?-ron6ent. T+e r" p-c<er9 p:8 n -6portnt ro:e -n 6n"-n" t+e 9o:-* ;9teV t+e8 retr-e?e

:: po99-7:e rec8c:7:e -te69 /ro6 ;9te n*1 t+,91 p,t t+e9e 6ter-:9 7c< to proper re,9e. B,t1

9*:8 t+e r" p-c<er9 re ne?er reco"n-9e* /or t+e -n?:,7:e 9er?-ce t+e8 pro?-*e to t+e c-t89

9o:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent.

57
$%.Ro:e o/ t+e C-t-Len9 o/ M,67-

T+e c-t-Len9 o/ M,67- +?e to 7e tr-ne* -n t+e t+ree R9 ;-t+ re9pect to 6n"e6ent o/

;9te9.

Re*,ce

A9 t+e 7,*"et o/ t+e M,n-c-p: Corport-on -n*-cte1 9 6,c+ 9 'F -9 9pent on:8 on

trn9portt-on o/ ;9te. T+ere -9 n ,r"ent nee* to re*,ce t+e ;9te 78 c,tt-n" *o;n on

trn9portt-on. T+e re*,ct-on o/ ;9te cn +ppen on:8 ;+en ;e1 9 c-t-Len9 o/ M,67-1 re*,ce

;9te "enert-on -n t+e /-r9t p:ce.

Re,9e

S-6p:e +7-t9 :-<e crr8-n"  c:ot+ 7" ;+-:e "o-n" 9+opp-n" ;-:: 7e +e:p/,: to re*,ce t+e nee*

/or p:9t-c 7"9. P:e9e *o not 7,8 n8 pro*,ct9 -n  po:8t+ene 7" n* +e:p t+e en?-ron6ent 9 

;+o:e.

Rec8c:e

To rec8c:e1 ;e 9+o,:* 9e"re"te o,r "r7"e t 9o,rce. >et "r7"e cn 7e rec8c:e* 78

co6po9t-n" or ?er6-co6po9t-n" -n 8o,r 7c<8r* or -n t+e ?-c-n-t8. T+-9 ;-:: pro*,ce "oo*

6n,re t+t cn 7e ,9e* /or "r*en9 n* :;n9. T+e *r8 "r7"e cn 7e "-?en to t+e r" p-c<er9

;+o 9e:: -t to re,9er9.

$$. B,9-ne99 Opport,n-t8

58
ATTRACT0E PROJECT

T+e project 7ene/-t9 /ro6 +-"+ ?-9-7-:-t81 7e-n" one o/ t+e /-r9t -nte"rte* S>M project -n t+e

9tte1 n* 6on" t+e /-r9t -n t+e co,ntr8. t pre9ent9 B-**er9 ;-t+ t+e opport,n-t8 to

 prt-c-pte -n  co6pet-t-?e n* trn9prent ten*er-n" proce991 n* /or t+e ;-nn-n" 7-**er1 to

 7ene/-t /ro6 t+e /-r9t 6o?er *?nt"e /or /,t,re project9 to 7e -6p:e6ente* -n t+e 9tte.

$'.Re/erence

1. +ttp#;;;.6c"6."o?.-n

59
2. Br7:ce1 Ro7ert Cro;e:: ('%%%F). T+e H-9tor8 o/ >9te.
En?-ron6ent:C+e6-9tr8.co6. Retr-e?e* '%$$'%.

3. @:orence N-"+t-n":e1 Se:ecte* >r-t-n"9 o/ @:orence N-"+t-n":e1 e*. !,c8 R-*"e:8

Se86er (Ne; Yor<# T+e Mc6-::n Co.1 $&)1 pp. F'F3

4. Her7ert1 !e;-9 ('%%3). Centenr8 H-9tor8 o/ >9te n* >9te Mn"er9 -n !on*on n*
So,t+ E9t En":n*. C+rtere* n9t-t,t-on o/ >9te9 Mn"e6ent.

5. C+*;-c<1 E*;-n ($F&'). C+*;-c<9 Report on Sn-tr8 Con*-t-on9. e5cerpt

/ro6 Report.../ro6 t+e Poor !; Co66-99-oner9 on n n,-r8 -nto t+e Sn-tr8
Con*-t-on9 o/ t+e !7o,r-n" Pop,:t-on o/ Gret Br-t-n (pp.43') (on:-ne 9o,rce).
**e* 78 !,r De: Co:# to T+e 0-ctor-n >e7. Retr-e?e* '%%$$%F.

6.  Nt-on: >9te  Rec8c:-n" A99oc-t-on. H-9tor8 o/ So:-* >9te Mn"e6ent.

>9+-n"ton1 DC. Retr-e?e* '%$$'%.

7. Gn*81 Mtt+e; ($&). Rec8c:-n" n* t+e Po:-t-c9 o/ r7n >9te.

Ert+9cn.SBN 3F$FF$4F.

8. C-t8 o/ C+-c"o1 ::-no-9. Deprt6ent o/ Street9 n* Sn-tt-on. >+t -9 S-n":e Stre6
Rec8c:-n".Acce99e* '%$$'%.

9.  Mont"o6er8 Co,nt81 Mr8:n*. D-?-9-on o/ So:-* >9te Ser?-ce9. C,r79-*e

Co::ect-on. Acce99e* '%$$'%.

10. Re6o?-n" /oo* re6-n9 to re*,ce ;9te. Rec8c:-n"",-*e.or".,<. Retr-e?e* '%$'%

'.

$$. Sc+ne-*er1 M-c+e:V Jo+n9on1 !-L. !-"+t;e-"+t-n". Project9 -n Sc-ent-/-c Co6p,t-n".

P-tt97,r"+ S,perco6p,t-n" Center1 Crne"-e Me::on n-?er9-t81 n-?er9-t8 o/
P-tt97,r"+. Retr-e?e* '%$'%'.

$'.;;;.6etrot-/,n.co6 Mr-Mt-c O8# A,to6t-c >9te Co::ect-on S89te69

$.RESEM >9te T8re P8ro:89-9 P:nt -n SA1 retr-e?e* '%$$$%'&

$&.Sort-n" t+ro,"+ "r7"e /or "o:*1 retr-e?e* '%%$$'&

15.+ttp#;;;.9-e6en9.co6entr8cc/et,re9"reenc-t8-n*e5X-nternt-on:::enp*/reportX
nort+6er-cXen.p*/ 

60