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    The lecture covered carbohydrates, including their definition, classification, and structures. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the ratio of CH2O. They are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones that yield these compounds upon hydrolysis, such as glucose, sucrose, and starch. Carbohydrates were classified according to complexity into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. They were also classified according to functions into building block carbohydrates, storage carbohydrates, and structural carbohydrates. The lecture concluded with discussing the structures of D-aldoses and taking notes on carbohydrate terminology.

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    The lecture covered carbohydrates, including their definition, classification, and structures. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the ratio of CH2O. They are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones that yield these compounds upon hydrolysis, such as glucose, sucrose, and starch. Carbohydrates were classified according to complexity into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. They were also classified according to functions into building block carbohydrates, storage carbohydrates, and structural carbohydrates. The lecture concluded with discussing the structures of D-aldoses and taking notes on carbohydrate terminology.

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    7 views2 pages

    1 CHO - 1 - Def - Classfn - PDF - ST

    Uploaded by

    Samiya Zaman
    The lecture covered carbohydrates, including their definition, classification, and structures. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the ratio of CH2O. They are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones that yield these compounds upon hydrolysis, such as glucose, sucrose, and starch. Carbohydrates were classified according to complexity into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. They were also classified according to functions into building block carbohydrates, storage carbohydrates, and structural carbohydrates. The lecture concluded with discussing the structures of D-aldoses and taking notes on carbohydrate terminology.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    Outline of Lecture 1

    Carbohydrates

    Chemistry of Carbohydrates • Definition

    Dr. Md. Golam Mortuza • Classification


    Professor
    Dept of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology • Structures of D-aldoses
    BAU, Mymensingh
    • Q &A

    Definition of Carbohydrates Definition of Carbohydrates

    The Carbohydrates are composed of C, H, and O;


    the H & O being present ordinarily in the same Composition: C, H, and O
    proportion as they are in water.
    Empirical formula: (CH2O)n; n ≥ 3
    Thus carbohydrates have the empirical formula (CH2O)n
    where n is three or more.

    Definition of Carbohydrates Definition of Carbohydrates


    However, some carbohydrates do not conform to this
    empirical formula such as – The Carbohydrates are composed of C, H, and O; the
    • Deoxyribose (C5H10O4) H & O being present ordinarily in the same proportion
    as they are in water…..the empirical formula (CH2O)n.
    • Rhamnose (C6H12O5)

    On the other hand, some compounds conform this


    empirical formula, but they are not carbohydrates Conditions for a compound to be carbohydrate
    - lactic acid (C3H6O3) are as follows:
    - acetic acid (C2H4O2) • It must possess carbonyl group
    Moreover, a large number of carbohydrates contain N, • It must possess at least two hydroxyl groups.
    P or S in addition to C, H and O. Hence this is not a
    definition.

    1
    Definition of Carbohydrates Classification
    A satisfactory definition of carbohydrates is as follows: Carbohydrates
    Polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones and their
    derivatives or as substances that yield one of these
    compounds on hydrolysis. As for example, glucose, Monosac. Derived CHO Oligosac. Polyosac.
    sucrose, starch etc. Carbohydrates are often called eg. Glucose eg. Glucoseamine eg. Maltose eg. Amylose
    “saccharide” which is derived from the Greek word
    Triose
    “saccharon” meaning sugar. Pentose
    Aldose
    Ketose
    Hexose
    Classification
    Carbohydrates Aldohexose
    Ketohexose

    MonoSac. Derived CHO Oligosac. Polyosac.


    eg. Glucose eg. Glucoseamine eg. Maltose eg. amylose

    A. Classification according to complexity


    B: Classification according to functions
    Monosaccharides Oligosaccharides Polysaccharides Derived CHO

    Number of Functional Kind of


    Carbon Group Sugar unit Function Origin
    atoms
    I. Building block carbohydrates.

    Homoglycan Structural Plant


    eg. monosaccharides (glucose)
    Trioses
    Aldoses Ketoses eg. Starch, eg. Cellulose, eg.
    eg. Glyceralde-
    eg. eg. Cellulose etc Chitin etc Cellulose
    II. Storage carbohydrates
    hydes Glyceral- Dihydroxy Heteroglycan Storage
    Dihydroxy -
    dehyde, acetone eg. Heparin, eg. Starch, Animal
    eg. starch, glycogen and inulin.
    acetone
    Erythrose Erythrulose Peptidoglycan Glycogen Eg.
    Tetrose
    Ribose, Ribulose Hyaluronic Glycogen
    III. Structural carbohydrates
    eg,. Erythrose
    Glucose Fructose acid etc
    Erythrulose eg. cellulose and chitin.
    Pentose
    eg. Ribose, Sugar Sugar acids Amino Sugar Deoxy
    Ribulose alcohols Gluconic acid sugars phosphate sugar
    Hexoses  Sorbitol Glucouronic D-Glc- 4-Glucose - eg. Deoxy-
    eg. Glucose,  Mannitol acid amine 6-P ribose
    Fructose
    Heptoses
    eg. Disaccharides Trisaccharides Tetrasaccharides Pentasaccharides
    Sedoheptulose o Maltose o Raffinose o Stachyose o Verbascose
    o Sucrose

    Structures of
    D-aldoses Notes
     Glycose = Monosac.
     Glycan = Polysac.
     Glucan = Glucosan …
     Fructan = fructosan = Levan
     Mannan = ?
     Pentosan = ?
     Cellulose ≠ Hemicellulose
     Dextran = ….. (Dextrin ?)
     Dextrose = …. ?

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