Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education

LESSON PLAN IN READING AND WRITING SKILLS

Content: Properties of a well-written Text

Content Standard:

The learner realizes that information in a written text may be selected and organized to achieve a
particular purpose.

Performance Standard:

The learner critiques a chosen sample of each pattern of development focusing on information
selection, organization, and development.

Most Essential Learning Competencies:

Identifies properties of a well-written text EN11/12RWS-IIIgh-4

a. organization (EN11/12RWS-IIIgh-4.1)

b. coherence and cohesion (EN11/12RWS-IIIgh-4.2)

c. language use (EN11/12RWS-IIIgh-4.3)

d. mechanics (EN11/12RWS-IIIgh- 4.4)

Learning Resources:

K-12 Curriculum Guide for Senior High School

Preliminary: Safety Protocol

Activity Highlights

Activity
 Before heading on to our lesson, let us first check what you already know. Read the
statements carefully and determine what is being referred to.

____________________1. This is achieved when ideas are logically and accurately arranged.

____________________2. This refers to the appropriate words and vocabulary use.

____________________3. It is a set of conventions on how to spell, abbreviate, punctuate and

capitalize.

____________________4. This means that the sentences are arranged in a logical manner, making
them easily understood by the reader.

____________________5. To attain this property, one must be consistent with the use of correct
grammar.

Analysis

What do you think makes up an effective or a well-written text?

Abstraction

The teacher demonstrates and discusses Properties of a Well-written Text

Why is it important for the writers to plan carefully before they actually write?

1. Organization
  Organization in writing means that the writer must consciously arrange and classify ideas
in order to achieve logical order and clarity in writing.
 Organization entails that the ideas in writing must be interconnected with one another.
Patterns you may see in organization:
 PHYSICAL FORMAT How the texts physically appear
 SIGNAL WORDS The cure in ordering of events and concepts
 STRUCTURE The complete framework of the text. Some examples showing how you
organize a thought.
a. Outline
b. graphic Organizer
c. Inductive and Deductive

2. Coherence & Cohesion

2.1 Coherence – refers to the interconnection between and among ideas in the text.
 It refers to how the ideas are logically arranged. Where there is a smooth flow of meaning
and continuity of thoughts within a sentence and from one sentence to the next. To
ensure coherence you need to observe
a. Parallelism
b. Repetition

2.2. Cohesion – refers to the smooth transition among the ideas represented in the sentences
and paragraphs, facilitated by the grammatically correct connections within and among
sentences

 Is the sticking together of all the ideas and thoughts in sentence to create a text.
 You need to utilize the cohesive devices.
 Substitution
 Transitional Devices add similar or related info
 to contrast or show difference
 To compare or show similarity
 to provide devices
 to show time and sequence
 to show emphasis
 to show example
 to show cause and effect

3. Language Use How can the right choice of words avoid problems?

 The right choice of words in writing can help us become effective communicators.
 It pertains primarily to diction and synonyms and antonyms, which refers to choosing the
right word for the specific context.
  Formal Writing
Academic Business and Official texts
 Informal Writing
Used in writing for oneself or in writing to family friends and colleagues

4. Mechanics refers to grammar, punctuation, capitalization, and other surface features or details
that contribute to the development of one’s written work.
 Writing mechanics can help writers avoid miscommunication and achieve clarity of
writing.
Grammar – refers to the set of rules on how we organize words into sentences, and it also
refers to choosing the right form of words.
Punctuations – are marks used to clarify meaning by indicating separation of words
into sentences, clauses, and phrases.

1. Organizing the ideas for writing can come in two ways: deductive or inductive.
 The deductive way of organizing ideas for writing starts with the general idea
branching out to the specific details.
 The inductive way of organizing ideas means the writer must start with the
particular ideas leading to the general idea.

2. How to achieve coherence;

 If you are writing the positive and negative points of a topic, discuss the positives
before the negatives, or vice versa, Do not discuss, however, with interchanging
positive and negative because this will confuse readers.
 Within a paragraph, be sure to discuss only one main point to avoid clustering of
ideas.
 Stick to one topic and finish it first, instead of reverting back to it again and again.
 Use what you learned about outlining to place the related ideas under their
respective categories. If one idea is misplaced, that will make the text incoherent.

 Cohesive devices are words or phrases that show the relationship between paragraphs or
sections of a text or speech.

 They are sometimes called linking words, linkers, connectors, or conjunctions, discourse
markers, or transitional words.

a- Substitution- One way of promoting cohesion is via substitution. The use of pronouns as
substitutes for key nouns in your paragraph aids you in presenting clear flow of
ideas. Substituting nouns with pronouns will avoid repetition and confusion in your
paragraph.
 b- Connectives- Through the correct use of connectives or conjunctions, writers are able to
connect ideas logically.

3. One of the properties of a well-written text is the appropriateness of the words or phrases used
by the writer to express his or her thoughts. A writer usually uses an antonym not just
to make the meaning of a word clear but to stress that particular meaning.

4. Writing mechanics can help writers avoid miscommunication and achieve clarity of
writing. As a writer, you must commit yourself to constantly check your spelling, grammar,
punctuation, indention, capitalization, and others in the writing process In the study of parts of
speech, nouns and verbs change their form or spelling when there is a shift from singular to
plural form. Verbs change their form when there will be shift to present, past, future,
progressive, perfect or perfect progressive.

Application

I. Rewrite the sentences and capitalize the words when necessary.

1. the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
2. michaeljordan was one of the top nba players during the nineties.
3. I enjoyed watching the movie frozen at the new frontier theater last Saturday.
II. Think of the antonym of the italicized word in each sentence.
The first letter is given as a clue.
1. The safety of the students is very important during fieldtrips. Make sure they will
always be out of d________________. (danger)
2. We can classify students as either active or t_____________. (timid)
3. You have to enunciate what you would like to say; don’t m__________. (mumble)
4. The artistic talent of that boy is really inherent. It is not s_________________.
(superficial)
5. Businessmen have an erratic schedule. They seldom have a r_______________ one.
(regular)
III. Analyze the following sentences if they observe coherence and or cohesion.
1. The group enjoyed the day swimming, eating, and to jog around. (incoherent -should
be swimming, eating, and jogging around)
2. The kids enjoyed opening their Christmas presents. (coherent – kids, their)
3. Some families spend thousands of pesos during the holiday season. His expenses
usually include food, gifts, and travels. (incoherent- families, his)
4. Christmas is the merriest time of the year but it is a season of love and giving.
(incoherent – wrong choice of conjunction but it should be because)
5. My parents gave me their permission to spend Christmas with our relatives in Davao,
but I have already decided not to spend Christmas with our relatives in Davao.
(incoherent- redundant use of words
IV. The logical order of ideas in writing is highlighted in organization. It begins with the
writer thinking of general subjects and turning them into narrowed down topics. Turn
these general subjects into specific topics.