S. P. MANDALI’S PRIN L. N.

WELINGKAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT

DEVELOPMENT & RESEARCH

SUMMER INTERNSHIP RESEARCH PROJECT REPORT

ON

IMPACT OF ONLINE LEARNING SESSIONS ON TRADITIONAL LEARNING

BY

AASHI JAIN

PGDM RBA 2019 – 21 TRIMESTER IV

SPECIALISATION: MARKETING

ROLL NO.: 08

I
 CERTIFICATE

TO WHOMSOEVER IT MAY CONCERN

1. This is to certify that Ms. Aashi Jain, a student of S. P. Mandali’s Prin L. N. Welingkar Institute of
Management Development & Research and pursuing two years full time Post Graduate Diploma in
Management - (PGDM-), underwent two months of summer internship with me from 27th April to 22nd
July.

2. During the summer internship( SIRP), Ms. Aashi Jain has successfully completed the project titled
Impact of Online learning sessions on traditional learning under my the guidance of Prof. P. V.
Chandrika, Assistant Professor, Research and Business Analytics.

3. The Students performance during the summer internship (SIRP) and comments on his project work are
as under:

……………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

(Signature of Internal Faculty Mentor)

Name: P. V. Chandrika

Designation: Assistant Professor, Research and Business Analytics

III
 NO PLAGIARISM DECLARATION BY THE STUDENT

I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the project titled “Impact of Online learning sessions
on traditional learning”
(a) Has been prepared by me towards the partial fulfillment for the award of Post-Graduation Diploma
in Management – Research and Business Analytics under the guidance of Prof. P. V. Chandrika , S.
P. Mandali’s Prin. L. N. Welingkar Institute of Management Development and Research, Mumbai.

(b) This work is original and has not been submitted for any degree/diploma in this or any other
Institute/Organization.
(c) The information furnished in this dissertation is genuine and original to the best of my knowledge
and belief.
(d) I have not indulged in plagiarism. The project report has been checked for plagiarism and output
report has been attached.

Aashi Jain

Place: Mumbai Date:

IV
IV
 Acknowledgment

I would like to express my gratitude to Prof. P. V. Chandrika, professor at Welingkar

Institute of Management Development and Research, for her valuable inputs, support and
guidance in conducting this research. The insights given by her helped me successfully
complete this project.

I would also like to express gratitude towards the dean of PGDM – RBA, Prof.
Chandrakant Nimkar Sir for his exemplary guidance, monitoring, support and encouragement
throughout the course of this program.

V
Table of Contents

Sr. No. Title Page no.

1. Title Page I

2. Letter of Authorization/ Transmittal II

3. No Plagiarism Declaration + Plagiarism Check output III

4. Acknowledgement IV

5. List of Graphs 1

6. Executive Summary 2
a. Area of focus 2
b. Project timeline 2
c. Major findings 2
d. Conclusions 3
e. Recommendation 3

7. Introduction 4

8. Literature Review 5

9. Objectives 6

10. Research Design 7

a. Type of Research Design 7
b. Period of study 7
c. Data collection 7
d. Data description 7
e. Limitation 7

11. Data Analysis 8

12. Results 9
a. Total online enrollments 9
b. University wise online enrollment 10
c. Reasons for increase in online enrollment 12
d. Impact of increase in online learning on traditional learning 14
e. Factors that affect online learning and traditional learning 18
f. Tests to determine the factors of online learning 19

13. Conclusion and Recommendation 20

14. References 21

15. Annexure 23

VI
List of Graphs

Figure 1: Total Online Enrollment for Graduates and Undergraduate 9

Figure 2: Online Enrollment for Graduation 10

Figure 3: Online Enrollment for Under Graduation 11

Figure 4: Average college fees 12

Figure 5: Internet Usage age wise 13

Figure 6: Number of students enrolled exclusively in distance education course 15

Figure 7: Number of students enrolled in some but not all distance education course 15

Figure 8: Number of students enrolled exclusively in distance education course 16

Figure 9: Enrollment online course, partly online courses and on-campus courses 16

Figure 10: Percentage Increase/Decrease in enrollment 17

1
Executive Summary

Area of focus and data collection

The aim of this research is to study the impact of online education session on
traditional learning. E-learning has seen a boost with the advancement in technology. Over the
years, people are shifting from traditional platforms to online platforms. In this study, we tried
to understand the trends in online education over the years and thereby understand its impact on
traditional learning using the enrollment rate. The research conducted is exploratory and
longitudinal in nature. Further a comparative study is undertaken using data visualization. For
this purpose we collected data from the National Centre for Education Statistics. The data
pertains to the online enrollment for under graduation and graduation, college wise online
enrollment for under graduation and graduation and the total online enrollment, partly online
enrollment and on-campus enrollment for a period of six years from 2012 to 2017.
Further an extensive review of literature was undertaken to identify the factors that
affect the student’s decision for online learning and traditional learning.

Major findings

The total online enrollment for under graduation and graduation has increased by
38.77% and 53.23% respectively from 2012 to 2017. Further to understand this increasing trend
we studied the online enrollment data for some colleges and universities which have effectively
implemented online courses for under graduation and graduation. Out of the colleges studied,
only Amridge University witnessed a decline in number of enrollment from 2012 to 2017 for
both graduates and under graduates by 3.28% and 4.73% respectively. Rest all the colleges
witnessed and increase in their online enrollment. There are multiple reasons responsible for the
increase in online enrollment. Increase in college fees is one of the major reasons for students to
opt for online education. In a span of ten year, there was an increase in fees by 26.18% and
37% for private and public 4-year college courses respectively. As a result, student loan debt
increased by 302% from 2004 to 2019 and by 20% from 2015. Also, the students have to bear
other living expenses which increases their overall cost of degree. Further the jobs are not
satisfactory as one third students are underemployed or paid low-salaries. All these factors
persuade the students to shift online for their education. As people are shifting and preferring
online courses, its impact was seen on traditional courses. Approximately 6000 colleges were
studied on the basis of their enrollment. These colleges had on-campus courses, exclusively
online courses i.e. entire degree course was online and some partly online courses. It was seen
that number of enrollment for exclusively distance education courses increased by 37.65%
from 2012 and 2017. In case of students who enrolled for some but not all distance education
courses increased by 607% in the same period. However, in case of on-campus courses there
was a decline in the number of enrollment by 11%. This clearly shows the impact of e-learning
on classroom learning.

2
 To identify the variables that affect the decision of students to choses online mode
of learning or traditional mode of learning multiple research papers and reports were referred
to. In an all 29 factors were identified. These factors were further divided into categories
majorly consisting content related factors, motivational factors, personal factors, social factors,
co-curriculum factors and technical factors. To test these factors and their impact a
questionnaire was drafted.

Conclusion

The data studied clearly shows an increasing trend for online education. Over the
period of six years from 2012 to 2017 there has been an increase in the number of online
enrollment and a decline in college enrollment. This clearly indicates that students are now
shifting their preference from on-campus courses to virtual learning. Multiple factors have
affected the shift from classroom learning to virtual learning major being the college fees,
return on investment, student loan debt and high internet penetration. Further the online
education market is expected to grow by $6.22 billion during 2018-2022. Multiple factors
affect the online learning and traditional learning. To understand it, logistic regression and
Factor Analysis can be done after collecting data by floating a questionnaire.

Recommendation

Further this study can be extended and a new side can be explored post coivd-19
pandemic. This study was about the US educational system, but in the coming years similar
trends can be expected to be seen in India. E-learning is being accepted and encouraged in
India but still has a long way to go. People still prefer classroom sessions with respect to degree
courses. However Indians have started exploring e-learning for certification courses. Also
University Grant Commission (UGC) has recognized online degree courses for under
graduation and graduation in India since 2018 with a view to improve its low gross enrolment
ration for education, which may result in increase in online enrollment of students. Also,
internet penetration in India is growing faster in rural areas, where there is lack of structured
traditional colleges. It can be expected that the students enrolling for online education can be
more from rural India. The questionnaire framed will be floated to understand the what
variables are responsible for choosing one mode of learning over other.

3
Introduction

The term e-learning came into existence since 1999, when it was first used at a
Computer Based Training (CBT) system seminar. Later words like ‘online learning’, ‘virtual
learning’, etc. were interchangeably used. It was in 1960 that the first computer based training
program was introduced to the world. However back in 1970’s e-learning became more
interactive. By 1990’s many schools and colleges started to experiment with online learning and
included it as a part of their curriculum. Later in 2000, companies started taking advantage of e-
learning to train their employee.
Information Technology has played a vital role in the education sector. IT has
made learning and teaching easier. Moreover internet penetration in recent times has proved to
be an important aspect in education. Easy and cheap internet access has made it easier for
students to accept online modes of learning. Online learning has been gaining huge popularity in
the recent years as it comes with the benefits of being flexible and convenient as compared to
traditional classroom courses. Individuals can manage these courses with their existing roles and
responsibilities. They can also make use of the provided content and learning materials at
whatever time is most convenient to them. The most important benefit is that they do not have to
travel anywhere as they can take up the courses from anywhere, be it at home, offices, colleges
or even while travelling. Another reason for online learning to become popular is its cost-
effectiveness. Individuals don’t enroll in programs they are interested in if it’s expensive. Online
courses are easily accessible on much smaller budgets than the traditional programs. In addition
to the convenience and cost effectiveness, most students take up online courses to achieve their
career and employment related goals.
Traditional education system is the most popular and demanded across the globe.
People are very comfortable with classroom education as it has its own advantages, the biggest
advantage being face-to-face interaction. It helps in developing inter-personal skills which
further helps in networking. It also provides hands on training which gives better exposure to the
students. However it has its own pack of disadvantages major being the high fees structure when
compared to online course fess.
As online education is emerging, it is important to know its impact on traditional
learning i.e. is there a significant impact on classroom learning, is online education becoming a
priority for students, or will traditional learning remains unaffected by the increase in online
learning etc. Multiple reports and journals have claimed that there in an increasing trend with
respect to online learning, which means students prefer to learn online. In this study, we try to
understand the trend of online education and its impact on classroom leaning and the factors that
affects online learning.

4
Literature Review

An online course refers to the course or medium of content that is provided to

anyone irrespective of their age through a digital platform. Nowadays, these online courses have
become important for the ones who are seeking job opportunities in accordance to some
prescribed professional skills. Students are required to be familiar and well versed with the
usage and applications of technology. The advancements in Information Technology (IT) has
actually opened the way for students to shift from their traditional way of learning to a new
one i.e., learning via digital platform. Online courses have actually changed and transformed
teaching and learning relationships, methods, opportunities and outcomes. (Scott et al., 2000).
A good characteristic of online education was to provide active learning which helps
working professionals to be updated with the real world and the technologies that are
emerging. (Ahmadet al., 2014). Hooman Estelami (2012) examined the varying experiences in
hybrid-online and purely online course formats. The outcome was that the online courses are
increasing nowadays at a tremendous rate with the advancement in technology. It even allowed
disadvantaged students to compete more effectively with the advantageous ones more
effectively than in traditional learning (Monica, 2009).
A study conducted by Online School Report revealed the trends in increase in
demand of online education after interacting with university professors, students and
employees. It studied and examined the data from Department of Education’s College
Scoreboard. It studies the enrollment rate to find the trend.
A report from Best School’s (2020) published the trends in online education
majorly covering five categories: online learning demographics, online program design and
development, online learning experience, online program marketing and recruitment and
online program student satisfaction. It studies the online learning experience of the students in
meeting their goals and expectations compared to traditional learning models.
Reports from the National Centre for Education Statistics give the details about the
online enrollment across various education levels.
A study conducted by Alyss Friend Wise, Farshid Marbouti, Ying-Ting Hsiao and
Simone Hausknecht Simon Fraser University explains the factors influencing the listening
behavior of students in online classes. Results indicate the decisions of the student after
conducting a survey of under graduate students.
An article names “Covid-19: Unmasking the new face of Education” was
published by ‘Shatakshi Lall’ and ‘Nardev Singh’, inferring to the education situation during
the Covid-19 situation. This article studies if students preferences have changed during this
pandemic.
Another report by Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences studies the perceptions of
students towards online education during Covid-19 pandemic.

5
Objective

The objective of this research is:

1. To study the trends of online education for degree courses.
2. To study the impact of online education on classroom learning.
3. To study the factors that influence students decision to choose online learning over traditional
learning.
4. To the study if content related factors influence the student’s decision to choose online learning
over traditional learning.
5. To the study if technical factors influence the students decision to choose online learning over
traditional learning.
6. To the study if motivational factors influence the students decision to choose online learning over
traditional learning.
7. To the study if personal factors influence the students decision to choose online learning over
traditional learning.
8. To the study if social factors influence the students decision to choose online learning over
traditional learning.
9. To the study if co-curriculum factors influence the students decision to choose online learning
over traditional learning.

6
 Research Design

1. Type of Research Design

The nature of the research is exploratory research as the study is done quantitatively using
secondary research. The research is a longitudinal and descriptive because the study has been
done on the data which has been obtained over a long period of time.
The results and conclusions are obtained using Exploratory Data Analysis and comparative
study.

2. Period of Study

The study is a comparative study to understand the trends in virtual education versus the
classroom education. For this purpose data from 2012 and 2017 is studied for comparison.

3. Data Collection

Data is collected using secondary data collection methods. The data from the National Centre
for Education Statistics is used to study the trends of online education and classroom learning.
Also, various journals and reports are referred to in order to get more data points. The data
pertains to total online enrollment for under graduation, total online enrollment for graduation,
online enrollment for graduation and under graduation university vise and enrollment for online
education, partly online education and on-campus courses.
Also reports and papers were reviewed to study the what parameters affects online learning and
traditional learning.

4. Data Description

There were 3 datasets used in this study. The first dataset consisted of the total online
enrollment for graduates and undergraduates for 2012 and 2017. The second dataset was
pertaining to seven universities that provide online graduation and under graduation courses.
The third dataset included 6000 colleges and schools. It had number of enrollment for entirely
online courses, partially online and on-campus courses.

5. Limitation

The data obtained is up to 2017. Data for 2018 and 2019 couldn’t be extracted. Also, the study
is done using only the enrollment rate, other parameters are not considered.

7
Data Analysis

The next step after data collection is data analysis. The data was collected through
secondary sources. To analyze the data, it was altered and modified as per the need but taking
into consideration no significant data is missed in the cleaning process. After cleaning the data,
descriptive statistics was used and wherever required it was converted into percentages from
whole numbers and vice-versa.
The data was then used to perform a comparative study. This study helped in
identifying the impact of online education session on traditional courses. To perform the
comparative study data visualization was used. To conduct data visualization Tableau and some
online software was used. The outputs from the visualization were then used to study and
understand the trends in online education and its impact on traditional learning. Exploratory
data analysis and comparative study was used to interpret the results from the graphs.

8
Results

Total Online Enrollment

College enrollment was affected after the 2008 recession. Until 2012 The National
Centre for Education Statistics didn’t even maintain separate records for online enrollment and
campus enrollment. However, online enrollment increased every year.
In the course of six years from 2012 to 2017, there was an increase by 42.59% in online
enrollment for bachelor’s and master’s degrees. This is approximately around one million more
enrollments. However, total college enrollment consisting both online and on-campus for
bachelors and master’s degrees increased by only 0.74% during this period.

Figure 1: Total Online Enrollment for Graduates and Undergraduate

In the above figure, on the X-axis we have the years and on the Y-axis we have the
number on students who enrolled for online courses for under graduation and graduation. It
clearly explains the increase in online student enrollment from 2012 to 2017 for undergraduates
and graduates.

9
 In case of undergraduates the number of students enrolled online was 14,10,712
which increased to 19,57,601 in 2017. There was an increase of almost 38.77% in the number
of online enrollments for undergraduate students.
Similarly, in case of graduate students enrolled for online education, there was an
increase of almost 53.23% from 2012 to 2017. In 2012 the number of students undertaking
online course was 5,66,945 which increased to 8,68,708 students in 2017.

University wise online enrollment

Further the online enrollment growth is studied college wise. A list of few colleges is
taken which has effectively implemented online education system and provide the under
graduation and graduation courses both online and on-campus. There were 7 such universities
and they were studied. The data pertaining to online enrollment was studied for 2012 and 2017
to identify the trends in online education growth.

Figure 2: Online Enrollment for Graduation

The figure above is a comparative graph with the years 2012 and 2017 on the X-
axis and the number of enrollment in online courses for these universities on the Y-axis. There

10
is an increasing trend in the number of enrollment for online courses. Almost every college or
university could see an increase in the number of students enrolled online for graduation. In
case of University of Alabama at Birmingham there was an increase of 48.43% from 2012 to
2017. In case of Alabama A & M University and Alabama State University there was an
increase of 5000% and 6100% respectively from 2012 to 2017 in online enrollment. Only in
case of Amridge University there was a decline in enrollment by 3.28%. However, overall an
increasing trend was established in the number of online enrollment for graduation courses in
these universities.

Figure 3: Online Enrollment for Under Graduation

The figure above is also a comparative graph with the years 2012 and 2017 on the
X-axis and the number of enrollment in online courses for these universities on the Y-axis. In
case of undergraduates also there is an increasing trend in the number of enrollments for online
courses. For the University of Alabama and University of Alabama at Birmingham there was
an increase in enrollment rate by 52.34% and 159.52% respectively. In case of Alabama A &

11
 M University and Alabama State University the enrollment increased from 0 to 68 and 334
respectively. But for Amridge University there was a fall in online enrollment by 4.73%.
In case of graduation and under graduation both there was a clear increasing trend
in the number on enrollment for online education.
Considering these colleges and universities, online enrollment for graduation increased by
approximately 32% and for under graduation it increased by approximately 95% in total.

Reasons for increase in online enrollment

1. College Fees

College fees have more than doubled since 1980’s. However, in the period of 10
years from 2007 – 08 to 2017 – 18 there was a huge hike in the college fees.

Figure 4: Average college fees

The above line chart explains the hike in college fees for public college and
private college. The college fees have increased from $27.5K in 2007-2008 to $34.7K in 2017-
2018 for private non-profit 4 year colleges. Similarly in case of public 4 year colleges fees have
increased from $7.3K in 2007-2008 to $10K in 2017-2018.
The cost of undergraduate degree has increased by 129% in private schools and
213% in public schools, inflation taken into consideration. In a span of one year from 2016-
2017 to 2017-2018 there was an increase of 3% in the fees structure. At a 4 year private non-

12
 profit college the fees was on an average $46,950 and in a 4 year public college the fees was
$20,770 and in case of out of the state students the fees goes up to $36,420.

2. Student Debt

According to the Federal Reserve, student loan debt on an average per borrower was
$32,731 which increased by approximately 20% since 2015. Since 2004 to 2019 the student
total loan debt rose up by 302%. As of 2019, total student debt is $1.52 trillion and number of
students who borrowed loan was about 44.7 million.
Due to increase in the fees, the student debt has gone high. Also apart from fees the
students have to bear other living expenses as well which increases their cost of education.

3. Return on Investment

About one-third of the college graduates are underemployed and around 13% students
are getting low paying jobs. The burden of the debt plus diminishing value of the college
degree with increased fees has resulted in a shift to online education.

4. Internet Usage

Figure 5: Internet Usage age wise

13
 The above graph explains the percentage of internet usage age wise. X-axis has the
years and the y-axis shows the percentages. Internet is one of the most important factors that
have contributed to the increase in online enrollment rates. From 2011 to 2018 there has been
an increase in the internet usage. This includes young adults, students, college graduates and
those from high-income households. However looking at it age wise, the highest internet usage
in seen in the age group of 18-29 years over a period of 7 years. Also this age group of 18-29
years majorly belongs to the students. Access to internet became cheap and easy and hence an
increase in the percentage of users. This shifted the students to online platforms.

5. Others

There are a few more other reasons persuading the students to shift online such as:
a. Flexibility – Students can complete their educational courses along with their other roles as per
their schedule.
b. Cost-effective – the fees for online educational courses is less compared to classroom sessions.
c. Accessible – Virtual courses can be completed from any part of the world without being present
at the college.
d. Job opportunities – It becomes important in case of few job profiles to have specific degree to
match the skills required or be qualified for a certain position.

Impact of online learning on traditional learning

As mentioned, the 2008 recession hit the college enrollments hard. As per The
National Centre for Education Statistic, The college enrollment i.e. on-campus enrollment
decreased by 7% from 2011 to 2017.
To study the impact of virtual education on classroom learning the total enrollment for
online and on-campus for the same universities is compared for 2012 and 2017. The data
consists of almost 6000 colleges which included the number of students who enrolled
exclusively for distance education, number of students who enrolled for some but not all
distance education courses and the number of students who enrolled for on-campus courses.

14
1. Entirely Online

Figure 6: Number of students enrolled exclusively in distance education course

The number of students who enrolled for online courses in 2012 was 22,44,471 which
increased to 30,89,441 students in 2017. It almost increased by 844970 students which is
37.65%.

2. Partially Online

Figure 7: Number of students enrolled in some but not all distance education course

In case of students who have enrolled for at least but not all distance education courses was
5,02,421 in 2012 and 35,54,195 students in 2017. This increased by 30,51,774 students in this
period which is approximately an increase of 607.41%

15
3. On-Campus

Figure 8: Number of students enrolled exclusively in distance education course

On the contrary, in case of on-campus courses there was a decline in the number of
enrollment. From 2012 to 2017 there was a fall in the number on college enrollment by
16,95,843.

4. Total Enrollment

Figure 9: Enrollment online course, partly online courses and on-campus courses

16
The above figure clearly shows the trends of online learning and classroom learning. In 2012
total number of students enrolled was 17906581 which increased to 20107482 in 2017. There
was an increase in the total enrollment by 11% which is 22,00,901. The major increase was
contributed by enrollment in some online courses which was 30,51,774, followed by
enrollment in exclusively distance education courses 8,44,970. However the enrollment for on-
campus courses fell by 16,95,843.

5. Percentage increase in enrollment

Figure 10: Percentage Increase/Decrease in enrollment

The above figure shows the percentage change in enrollment. In case of some online
courses enrolment there was an increase by 607% and for entirely online enrollment there was
an increase by 38%, whereas for on-campus courses the enrollment did not increase but
declined by 11%.

17
 Factors that affect online learning and traditional learning:

As Covid-19 pandemic has impacted the education sector, it has become important for
schools and colleges to shift online. An extensive literature review was conducted to study the
factors that influence the students to shift online and the ones which do not. Multiple reports and
research papers were studied for this purpose. In an all 29 factors were identified which affects the
decision of students to choose either of online education and traditional education. These factors
were further divided into categories to be able to distinguish the factors. It also helps in
determining category wise influence. The variables were divided into content related factors,
technical factors, personal factors, social factors, co-curriculum factors and motivational factors.
The factors identified were:

Content related factors

1. Learning material video material / printed learning material

2. Delivery of content
3. Quality of online teaching

Technical factors

1. Technological skills – familiarity or issues in using

2. Device used to take online classes
3. User-friendliness or ease
4. Infrastructure i.e. internet broadband

Motivational factors

1. Feel a sense of isolation or loneliness in online learning environment

2. Attention/focus/motivation
3. Overall personality development

Social factors

1. Face-to-face interaction
2. Communication with instructor
3. Social interactivity and networking
4. Collaborative learning

Personal factors

1. Medical reasons
2. Commuting to campus
3. Convenience – anywhere anytime
18
4. Time to grasp / learning pace
5. working status (full time student or working)
6. fees structure
7. Prior online learning experience
8. Satisfaction
9. Time management

Co-curriculum factors

1. Exams and assignments

2. Practical exposure
3. Student engagement
4. Accessibility to various sources (library, labs, multiple software, etc.)
5. Co-curriculum activities
6. Length of lectures

Tests to determine the impact of factors on student’s preference:

Once the data is collected after floating the questionnaire, we can perform the following tests to
determine the impact of these factors on online and traditional learning. It will help us study the
objectives formed above.

1) We can conduct logistic regression to understand the preference between online learning and
traditional learning.
2) Factor analysis can be done to study the factors that are significant as it will help to condense the
data in many variables into just a few variables.

19
Conclusion and recommendation

The research study was undertaken to understand the impact of online learning on
traditional learning for which data was collected from The National Centre for Education
Statistics. The data was pertaining to the total online enrollment for under graduation, total
online enrollment for graduation, online enrollment for graduation and under graduation
university vise and enrollment for online education, partly online education and on-campus
courses. Over the period of six years from 2012 to 2017 there has been an increase in the
number of online enrollment and a decline in college enrollment. This clearly indicates that
students are now shifting their preference from on-campus courses to virtual learning. Multiple
factors have affected the shift from classroom learning to virtual learning major being the
college fees, return on investment, student loan debt and high internet penetration. Further the
online education market is expected to grow by $6.22 billion during 2018-2022.
. Multiple factors affect the online learning and traditional learning. The factors were
divided into categories such as content related factors, technical factors, personal factors, social
factors, motivational factors and co-curriculum factors. To understand it, logistic regression and
Factor Analysis can be done after collecting data by floating a questionnaire.
Further this study can be extended and a new side can be explored post coivd-19
pandemic. This study was about the US educational system, but in the coming years similar
trends can be expected to be seen in India. E-learning is being accepted and encouraged in
India but still has a long way to go. People still prefer classroom sessions with respect to degree
courses. However Indians have started exploring e-learning for certification courses. Also
University Grant Commission (UGC) has recognized online degree courses for under
graduation and graduation in India since 2018 with a view to improve its low gross enrolment
ration for education, which may result in increase in online enrollment of students. Also,
internet penetration in India is growing faster in rural areas, where there is lack of structured
traditional colleges. It can be expected that the students enrolling for online education can be
more from rural India.
The questionnaire framed will be floated to understand what variables are
responsible for choosing one mode of learning over other. This will be done later to get genuine
responses from the students as till then they will be exposed to online learning. Hence they can
compare their experience of online learning and traditional learning and accordingly fill the
survey.

20
References

1) Nces.ed.gov. 2020. National Center For Education Statistics (NCES) Home Page, A Part Of
The U.S. Department Of Education. [online] Available at: <https://nces.ed.gov/> [Accessed
18 July 2020].

2) Moneycontrol. 2020. Online Degrees Soon To Be Recognised In India, 15% Universities

Likely To Set Up Such Courses. [online] Available at:
<https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/online-degrees-soon-to-be-recognised-in-india-
15-universities-likely-to-set-up-such-courses-2484743.html> [Accessed 18 July 2020].

3) Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech. 2020. Demographics Of Internet And Home
Broadband Usage In The United States. [online] Available at:
<https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/internet-broadband/> [Accessed 18 July
2020].

4) Business Insider. 2020. College Is More Expensive Than It's Ever Been For 5 Reasons, And
There Are No Solutions In Sight. [online] Available at:
<https://www.businessinsider.in/personal-finance/college-is-more-expensive-than-its-ever-
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13) International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research & Development

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 Annexures:

The questionnaire was framed but not floated. It will be floated later once the
students are exposed to online learning during this lockdown period. This will ensure we get
genuine responses as the students will be in a position to compare their experience of online
learning and classroom learning.

1) Gender
 Male
 Female
 Prefer not to say
2) Age
 Below 18
 18-25
 26-30
 Above 30

3) What is your working status?

 Student
 Working class
 Self-employed
 Others

4) Device used to take online classes

 Mobile phone
 Laptop/computer
 Tablet

5) I can use technology effectively hence prefer online learning

 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree

6) I have access to relevant infrastructure to take online classes (internet, mobiles or laptops)
 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree

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7) I have prior experience with respect to online classes
 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree

8) I can focus (or feel motivated) while taking online classes

 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree

9) I feel lonely / isolated while taking online lectures

 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree

10) I can grasp faster in online lectures

 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree

11) I prefer online exams over classroom exams

 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree

12) I feel the content delivery in online lectures is effective

 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral

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  Disagree
 Strongly disagree

13) I feel online learning is easy and user-friendly

 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree

14) I feel it is possible to efficiently manage time in case of online classes

 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree

15) I am satisfied with the quality of online teaching
 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree

16) I am satisfied with online learning experience over traditional learning

 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree

17) From the following, select the factors that influence you to choose online learning over
traditional learning
 Learning material (video material)
 Convenience ( can take classes from anywhere)
 Time saved in commuting to campus
 Lower fees and expenses
 Medical reasons
 Other roles and responsibilities (job, business, etc.)

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18) From the following, select the factors that influence you to choose traditional learning over online
learning
 Face-to-face interaction
 Practical exposure
 Social interactivity and networking
 Co-curriculum activities
 Access to various sources (library, labs, multiple software, etc.)
 Student engagement
 Collaborative learning
 Medical reasons (due to screen use)
 Internet and network connection
 Learning material (printed material)

19) What would you prefer from the following

 Traditional learning
 Online learning

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