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329
ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﻭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ 330
ǽǀǿ DZȐƻ ǺǷ ǥƢǐǻȍơ DžƢǸƬdzơ Ŀ ǶȀǫȂǬŞ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ ǦȇǂǠƫ ȆǤƦǼȇȁ .DZƢǼŭơ ƨǴȀLJȁ ƨǨǴǰŭơ
.ƩƢȈdzȉơ
:ȆǴȇ ƢǷ ǝƢƦƫƢƥ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ ƩƢƳƢȈƬƷȏ ƨȇǁơƽȍơȁ ƨȈƟƢǔǬdzơ ƩơƔơǂƳȍơ ƨƥƢƴƬLJơ DzȈȀLjƫ ȆǤƦǼȇ Ó
ƪ
Ĉ Ʀȇ Ŗdzơ ƨǬȇǂǘdzƢƥȁ ƢǿŚLJȁ ƢȀƬȈǫȂƫȁ ƩơƔơǂƳȍơ ǩƢǘǼƥȁ Ƕǿǁȁƾƥ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ ǦȇǂǠƫ (Ɨ)
ƩƢǷȂǴǠŭơ ǽǀǿ ơȂƦǴǗ ƢǸưȈƷȁ ƧŚǘƻ ǶƟơǂŝ ǪǴǠƬȇ ǂǷȋơ ǹƢǯ ƮȈƷ ƢǸȈLJ ȏȁ ǶǿƢȇƢǔǫ Ŀ Ƣđ
ǁƢƦƬǟȏơ Ŀ ƢǿǀƻƗȁ ǶȀǬǴǫ ǾƳȁƗȁ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ ǂǜǻ ƩƢȀƳȁ ǑǂǠdz ƨǏǂǨdzơ ƨƷƢƫƛ (ƣ)
ǹȁƽ Ǯdzƿȁ ǂƐƯƘƬǴdz ƨǓǂǟ ǶȀūƢǐǷ ǹȂǰƫ ƢǸưȈƷ ƨȈƟƢǔǬdzơ ƩơƔơǂƳȍơ ǺǷ ƨƦLJƢǼŭơ DzƷơǂŭơ Ŀ
ƨǴǐdzơ ȅƿ řǗȂdzơ ȆƟƢǼŪơ ƔƢǔǬdzơ ǵƢǜǻȁ ȄnjǸƬȇ ƢŠȁ śǸȀƬŭƢƥ ǥƢƸƳƛ
ƨȈǻȂǻƢǬdzơ ƩơƔơǂƳȍơ DzƷơǂǷ ǞȈŦ Ŀ ƢȇƢƸǔǴdz ƨƦLJƢǼŭơ ƧƾǟƢLjŭơ ŚǧȂƫ (Ʊ)
ƨȇƢŧȁ ƾƷ ŇƽƗ ńƛ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ ƱƢǟǃƛ ǺǷ DZȐǫȍơ ńƛ ȆǷǂƫ Śƥơƾƫ ƿƢţơ (ƽ)
śǷĈƾǬƬŭơ ƽȂȀnjdzơȁ ǶǿǂLJƗ ƨǷȐLJ Ǻǟ Ȑǔǧ ǶȀƬǷȐLJ ǹƢǸǓȁ ƔƢǔƬǫȏơ ƾǼǟ ǶēƢȈǏȂǐƻ
ǵƢǬƬǻȏơȁ ǦȇȂƼƬdzơ ǺǷ ǶȀūƢǐdz
ǵƢǰƷȋơ ȁƗ ǂǷơȁȋơ ǀȈǨǼƫȁ ƢȇƢǔǬdzơ Ŀ ƪƦdzơ Ŀ Ǿºdz ǵȁDŽdz ȏ ȅǀdzơ ŚƻƘƬdzơ ƤĈǼš (ºǿ)
.ƢȇƢƸǔǴdz ƩƢǔȇȂǠƫ ƶǼŠ ȆǔǬƫ Ŗdzơ
ǶȈǰƸƬdzơȁ ƨǗƢLJȂdzơ Ǯdzƿ Ŀ ƢŠ ƩƢǟơDŽºǼdzơ Dzū ƨȈũǂdzơ Śǣ ƩƢȈdzȉơ DZƢǸǠƬLJơ ȆǤƦǼȇ Ô
DzȈȀLjƬdz ƔƢǔƬǫȏơ ƤLjƷ ƨȈǴƄơ ƩƢLJǁƢǸŭơ DZƢǸǠƬLJơ ȁƗ DZƾǠdzơ ƨǷƢǫȍ ƨȈǧǂǠdzơ DzƟƢLJȂdzơȁ
.ǶȀǧƢǐǻƛȁ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ ƔƢǓǂƬLJơ
ﺭ ّﺩ ﺍﳊﻖ
ƢƦLJƢǼǷ Ǯdzƿ ǹƢǯ ƢǸưȈƷ ǶēƢǧǂǐƫ Ǻǟ ǹȂdzȁƚLjŭơ ŚǤdzơ ȁƗ ǹȂǷǂĐơ Ǟǧƾȇ ǹƗ ȆǤƦǼȇ Õ
ƧƽƢǟƛ ǒȇȂǠƬdzơ ơǀǿ DzǸnjȇ ǹƗ ȆǤƦǼȇȁ .ǶȀȈdzƢǠŭ ȁƗ ǶǿǂLJȋ ȁƗ ƢȇƢƸǔǴdz ȏƽƢǟ ƢǔȇȂǠƫ
ƔơǀȇȎdz ƨƴȈƬǻ ƧƾĈƦǰƬŭơ ƩƢǬǨǼdzơ Ǟǧƽȁ ƧǁƢLjƻ ȁƗ ǁǂǓ ǺǷ Ǟǫȁ ƢǷ ŐŪ ƢǤǴƦǷȁ ƩƢǰǴƬǸŭơ
.ǩȂǬūơ ƽĈ ǁȁ ƩƢǷƾŬơ ʼnƾǬƫȁ
ơǁƢȈƻ Ǫūơ ƽĈ ǁ DzǠŪ ƢȀǼȈǻơȂǫȁ ƢȀƸƟơȂdzȁ ƢēƢLJǁƢŲ Ŀ ǂǜǼdzơ ƧƽƢǟƛ ƩƢǷȂǰƸǴdz ȆǤƦǼȇ Ö
.ȃǂƻȋơ ƨȈƟƢǼŪơ ƩƢƥȂǬǠdzơ ńƛ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥ ƨȈƟƢǼŪơ ƢȇƢǔǬdzơ Ŀ Ǿƥ ǶǰƷ ǁơƾǏȍ ƢƷƢƬǷ
ơƿƛ ǹƢǰǷȍơ ǁƾǬƥ Ǫūơ Ĉƽǁ DzǸƬnjȇ ǹƗ ȆǤƦǼȇ ƨƠȈƦdzƢƥ ǢdzƢƦdzơ ǁơǂǓȍơ ƩȏƢƷ Ŀ ÎÍ
DZơƾƦƬLJơȁ ƨȈLJƢLJȋơ DzǯƢȈŮơ ƔƢǼƥ ƧƽƢǟƛȁ ǾȈǴǟ ƪǻƢǯ ƢǷ ńƛ ƨƠȈƦdzơ ƧƽƢǟƛ ȄǴǟ Ǿƥ ǂǷƗ
331 ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‐ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﺎﻳﺎ،ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ
ǞǸƬĐơ ǞǴƻ ǁǂǔdzơ Ǻǟ ƲƬǻ ƢǸưȈƷ ǂƻƕ ǹƢǰǷ Ŀ ǁơǂǬƬLJȏơ ƩƢǬǨǻ Ǟǧƽȁ ƨȈǠǸƬĐơ Ǫǧơǂŭơ
.ǾǻƢǰǷ ǺǷ ȆǴƄơ
ȁƗ ƨȈũǁ ƨǨǐƥ ǹȂǧǂǐƬȇ Ǻȇǀdzơ ƔȐǯȂdzơ ǺǷ ǶǿŚǣȁ ǹȂȈǷȂǰūơ ǹȂǨǛȂŭơ ǵȂǬȇ ƢǷƾǼǟ ÎÎ
DZȁƾdzơ ǺǷ ǒȇȂǠƫ ȄǴǟ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ DzǐŹ ǹƗ ȆǤƦǼȇ ƨȈǼǗȂdzơ ƨȈƟƢǼŪơ śǻơȂǬdzơ ƨǨdzƢƼŠ ƨȈũǁ ǾƦNj
ƢȀȈǧ ǹȂǰƫ Ŗdzơ ƩȏƢūơ Ŀȁ .ǞǫơȂdzơ ǁǂǔdzơ Ǻǟ śdzȁƚLjǷ ƢǿƙȐǯȁ ȁƗ ƢǿȂǨǛȂǷ ǹƢǯ Ŗdzơ
ȆǤƦǼȇ ƽȂƳȂdzơ ǺǷ ƪdzơǃ ƾǫ ƢȀƬǘǴLJ ȄǔƬǬŠ ȆƟơƾƬǟȏơ ŚǐǬƬdzơ ȁƗ DzǸǠdzơ ƭƾƷ Ŗdzơ ƨǷȂǰūơ
.ƢȇƢƸǔǴdz Ǫūơ ƽĈ ǂƥ ǵȂǬƫ ǹƗ ǦǴŬơ ƨǷȂǰūơ ȁƗ ƨdzȁƾǴdz
ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ
ǁƽƢǐǷ ǺǷ ȁƗ ǵǂĐơ ǺǷ DzǷƢǯ ǒȇȂǠƫ ȄǴǟ DZȂǐūơ ǺǰǸŭơ ǺǷ ǹȂǰȇ ȏ ƢǸưȈƷ ÎÏ
:ńƛ ŅƢǷ ǒȇȂǠƫ ʼnƾǬƫ ńƛ ȄǠLjƫ ǹƗ DZȁƾǴdz ȆǤƦǼȇ ȃǂƻƗ
ȁƗ ƨȈǻƾƦdzơ ƨƸǐdzơ DZȐƬǟƢƥ ȁƗ ƨǤdzƢƥ ƨȇƾLjƳ ƩƢƥƢǏƜƥ ơȂƦȈǏƗ Ǻȇǀdzơ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ (Ɨ)
ƧŚǘƻ ǶƟơǂŪ ƨƴȈƬǻ ƨȈǴǬǠdzơ
ƨƴȈƬǻ ƢȈǴǬǟ ȁƗ ƢȈǻƾƥ ǺȇDŽƳƢǟ ơȂƸƦǏƗ Ǻȇǀdzơ ȁƗ śƐǧȂƬŭơ ǍƢƼNjȋơ ǂLJƌƗ (ƣ)
.ǍƢƼNjȋơ Ɣȏƚǿ ȄǴǟ ǶȀƬdzƢǟƛ Ŀ ǹȁƾǸƬǠȇ ơȂǻƢǯ ǺǷ ƨǏƢşȁ ƔơǀȇȎdz
.ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ ǒȇȂǠƬdz ƨǐǐƼŭơ ƨȈǼǗȂdzơ ǪȇƽƢǼǐdzơ ǞȈLJȂƫȁ DŽȇDŽǠƫȁ ƔƢnjǻƛ ǞȈƴnjƫ ȆǤƦǼȇ ÎÐ
Ŗdzơ ƩȏƢūơ Ǯdzƿ Ŀ ƢŠ ǑǂǤdzơ ơǀŮ ȃǂƻƗ ǪȇƽƢǼǏ ƘnjǼƫ ǹƗ ƔƢǔƬǫȏơ ƾǼǟ ƢǔȇƗ ǺǰŻȁ
.ǁǂǓ ǺǷ ƢđƢǏƗ ƢǸǟ ƢȀǔȇȂǠƫ Ǻǟ ƧDŽƳƢǟ ƨȈƸǔdzơ ƢȀȈdzƛ ȆǸƬǼƫ Ŗdzơ ƨdzȁƾdzơ ƢȀȈǧ ǹȂǰƫ
ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋـﺪﺓ
ǺǷ ƨȈǟƢǸƬƳơȁ ƨȈLjǨǻȁ ƨȈƦǗȁ ƨȇƽƢǷ ƧƾǟƢLjǷ ǺǷ ǵDŽǴȇ ƢǷ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ ȄǬǴƬȇ ǹƗ ȆǤƦǼȇ ÎÑ
.ƨȈǴƄơȁ ƨȈǠǸƬĐơȁ ƨȈǟȂǘdzơȁ ƨȈǷȂǰūơ DzƟƢLJȂdzơ DZȐƻ
ƩơƾǟƢLjŭơ ǺǷ ƢǿŚǣȁ ƨȈǟƢǸƬƳȏơȁ ƨȈƸǐdzơ ƩƢǷƾŬơ ǂƐǧȂƫ ȃƾŠ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ ǡȐƥƛ ȆǤƦǼȇ ÎÒ
.ƨdzȂȀLjƥ ƩƢǷƾŬơ ǽǀǿ ȄǴǟ DZȂǐūơ ǶŮ ƵƢƬȇ ǹƗȁ ƨǴǐdzơ Ʃơƿ
ǺǷ ǶǿŚǣȁ ƨȈǟƢǸƬƳȏơ ƨǷƾŬơȁ ƨƸǐdzơȁ ƔƢǔǬdzơȁ ƨǗǂnjdzơ ȂǨǛȂǷ ȄǬǴƬȇ ǹƗ ȆǤƦǼȇ ÎÓ
ƨǻȂǠŭơ ʼnƾǬƫ ǹƢǸǔdz ƨȈȀȈƳȂƫ ƝƽƢƦǷȁ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ ƩƢƳƢȈƬƷƢƥ ǶȀƬȈǟȂƬdz ƢƦȇǁƾƫ śȈǼǠŭơ śǨǛȂŭơ
.ƨȇǁȂǨdzơȁ ƨƦLJƢǼŭơ
ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﻭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ 332
ƩƢƳƢȈƬƷơ ǶŮ Ǻŭ ǵƢǸƬǿơ ƔȐȇƛ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ ńƛ ƧƾǟƢLjŭơ ȁƗ ƩƢǷƾŬơ ʼnƾǬƫ ȃƾdz ȆǤƦǼȇ ÎÔ
.ǽȐǟƗ Ð ƧǂǬǨdzơ Ŀ Ʃǂǯƌƿ ŖdzƢǯ DzǷơȂǟ ƤƦLjƥ ȁƗ Ǿƥ ơȂƦȈǏƗ ȅǀdzơ ǁǂǔdzơ ƨǠȈƦǗ ƤƦLjƥ ƨǏƢƻ
333
ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﻭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ 334
ǝƢǬȇƛ Ǿƥ ǶLjĈƬȇ ȅǀdzơ řǗȂdzơ Őǟ ǞƥƢǘdzơ ƢȀǼǷ ǁȂǷƗ ƨǴŦ ƔơĈǂƳ ǺǷ Ǯdzƿȁ ƢȀǧƢǬȇƛȁ ƩơƔƢLJȍơ
ƢȇƢƸǔdzƢƥ ȃƿȋơ
ƧƾƸƬŭơ ǶǷȋơ ǂŤƚǷ ƽƢǬǠǻơ ǀǼǷ ƪdzǀƥ Ŗdzơ ƨǸƼǔdzơ ƽȂȀŪơ ﻭﺇﺫ ﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ
ƨǼŪ ǾƫĈƾǟƗ ȅǀdzơ ǂȇǂǬƬdzơ ƢȀǼǸǓȁ ǹȐǟȍơ ƿƢǨǻƛȁ ƨǠƥƢƬŭ śǷǂĐơ ƨǴǷƢǠǷȁ ƨŻǂŪơ ǞǼŭ ǞƥƢLjdzơ
Ŀ ƢȈdzƢǘȇƜƥ ơǃȂǯơŚLJ Ŀ ƨȈƟƢǼŪơ ǵȂǴǠdzơ Ŀ ƢȈǴǠdzơ ƩƢLJơǁƾǴdz Ņȁƾdzơ ƾȀǠŭơ Ŀ ƨǐǐű ƔơŐƻ
Ǻȇǂnjƫ Ŀ ƢȈdzƢǘȇƜƥ ȂǻȐȈǷ Ŀ ƢǿƾǬǟ Ƨȁƾǻ Ŀ Ƣđ ƶƐǬǻ Ŗdzơ ƨǤȈǐdzƢƥ ÎÖÕÓ ȂȇƢǷ/ǁƢȇƗ
ƧƾƟơǂdzơ ƨȈǷȂǰūơ Śǣ ƩƢǸǜǼŭơ ǺǷ ƽƾǟ ÎÖÕÔ ŐǸLjȇƽ/DZȁȋơ ǹȂǻƢǯȁ ŐǸǧȂǻ/ňƢưdzơ
ƢȇƢƸǔdzơȁ śǷǂĐơ ƨǴǷƢǠǷȁ ȆƟƢǼŪơ ƔƢǔǬdzơȁ ƨŻǂŪơ ǞǼǷ DZƢů Ŀ ƨǘNjƢǼdzơ
ǂǜǼƥȁ ƨȈǻơDŽȈŭơ Ǻǟ ƨƳǁƢƻ ƽǁơȂǷ ƾǏǂƥ ƢǼǿǁ ǵƢǠdzơ śǷȋơ ǂǜǼȇ ǹƘƥ ﻳﻮﺻﻲÎ
ƔƢǔǬdzơ ǺȀǷ ȆLJǁƢǸŭ DzȈdzƽ ǂnjǻȁ ǁơƾǏƛȁ ƽơƾǟƛ Ŀ ǝȂǓȂŭơ Ŀ ƢȀƬƸǧƢǰǷȁ ƨŻǂŪơ ǞǼǷ ƨǼŪ
ơǀǿ ǹƘnjƥ Ƣđ ǵƢȈǬdzơ Ļ Ŗdzơ DZƢǸǟȋơ ǾȈǧ Ȅǟơǂƫ ƨǴƯƢŲ ƨǘnjǻƗ ǹȂdzȁơDŽȇ ǺǷ ǂƟƢLjdzȁ ȆƟƢǼŪơ
ǝȂǓȂŭơ
ǵƢǰƷȋơ ƿƢǨǻȍ ƨǷǃȐdzơ ƩơƔơǂƳȍơ ƔƢǔǟȋơ DZȁƾdzơ ǀƼƬƫ ǹƘƥ ﻳﻮﺻﻲ ﺃﻳﻀﺎÏ
DZƢǸǠƬLJơ Ŀ ǦĈLjǠƬdzơȁ ǵơǂƳȍơ ƢȇƢƸǔƥ ƨǬǴǠƬŭơ ƨȈLJƢLJȋơ DZƾǠdzơ ƝƽƢƦǷ ǹȐǟƛ Ŀ ƧƽǁơȂdzơ
:ȆǴȇ ƢǷ ǪȇǂǗ Ǻǟ ƨǘǴLjdzơ
ƢēơƔơǂƳȍ ƢǬǧȁ ƨȈǼǗȂdzơ ƨȈƟƢǔǬdzơ ƢȀǸǜǻ Ŀ ǹȐǟȍơ ǵƢǰƷƗ ǀȈǨǼƫȁ ƽƢǸƬǟơ (Ɨ)
ƨȈǴƄơ ƢēƢLJǁƢŲȁ ƨȇǁȂƬLJƾdzơ
ǒȇȂǠƬǴdz ƢLJƢǸƬdzơ ƔƢǔǬdzơ ǵƢǜǻ ńƛ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ DZȂǏȁ DzƦLJ ǖĈLjƦƫ śǻơȂǫ ǁơƾǏƛ (ƣ)
ǩȂǬūơ ƽơƽǂƬLJȏȁ
ȁƗ ȃƿȋơ Ǻǟ ǦǐǼŭơ ǒȇȂǠƬdzơ Ǯdzƿ Ŀ ƢŠ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ ƧƾǟƢLjǷ ƤȈdzƢLJƗ ƮŞ (Ʊ)
ǺǰŻ Ŗdzơ ǩǂǘdzơ ǥƢnjǰƬLJơȁ Ǯdzƿ ǩȂǠƫ Ŗdzơ ƽȂȈǬdzơ ƔȐƴƬLJơȁ Ƕđ ǪƷȐdzơ ȆǴǠǨdzơ ǁǂǔdzơ
ƨȈdzƢǠǨƥ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ ƩƢƳƢȈƬƷơ ȆĈƦǴƫ ǩǂǘdzơ ǽǀǿ ǹƗ ǺǷ ǪƐǬƸƬǴdz ƽȂȈǬdzơ ǽǀǿ ȄǴǟ ƤƐǴǤƬdzơ Ƣđ
ȁƗ ǑǂǠǷ Ŀ ǦȇȂƼƬdzơȁ ƔơǂƬǧȏơȁ ƧƔƢLJȍơ ǺǷ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ ȆǸŢ Śƥơƾƫ ǁơǂǫƛ (ƽ)
ǥƢǐƬǻȏơ DzƦLJ Ǯdzƿ Ŀ ƢŠ ƨŻǂŪƢƥ ƨǘƦƫǂǷ ȃǂƻƗ ƩơƔơǂƳƛ ȁƗ ƨȈƟƢǼƳ ƩơƔơǂƳƛ ȅƗ ƨƴȈƬǻ
ƩơƔƢLJȍơ ǽǀǿ ƪǠǫȁ ơƿƛ ƨdzƢĈǠǨdzơ
ƩȏƢǯȂdzơȁ ǂƟơȁƾdzơ ǞǷ ǹȁƢǠƬdzƢƥ ƔƢǔǟȋơ DZȁƾdzơ ȄǠLjƫ ǹƘƥ ﻳﻮﺻﻲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚÐ
:ȆǴȇ ƢǷ ńƛ ƨǐƬƼŭơ ƩƢǸǜǼŭơȁ
335 ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‐ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﺎﻳﺎ،ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ
ǁƢƦƬǟȏơ ƔȐȇƛ ǞǷ ǵơǂƳȍơ ƢȇƢƸǓ ńƛ Ƕǟƾdzơȁ ƧƾǟƢLjŭơ ʼnƾǬƫ ȄǴǟ ǞȈƴnjƬdzơ (Ɨ)
Ŀ ƨƦLjƬǰŭơ ƧŐŬơ ƧƢǟơǂǷ ǞǷȁ ƨǨǴƬƼŭơ ƨȈǻȂǻƢǬdzơȁ ƨȈǧƢǬưdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸƬƳȏơ ǶǜǼǴdz ƤƳơȂdzơ
Ŀ ƢŠ ƔơǀȇȍƢƥ DzǐƬȇ ƢǸȈǧ ǥǁƢǠǸǴdz ƨǼǿơǂdzơ ƨdzƢūơȁ ƩƢǷƾŬơ ƔơƽƗ ƤȈdzƢLJƗȁ ƱƿƢŶ ǦǴƬű
ȄǴǟ ƧƾǟƢLjŭơ ǑǂǠƥ ƩƢǷƾŬơ ƩƢǸǜǼǷ ǵƢȈǫ ńƛ ƨƳƢūơ ǺǷ ǾǠƦƬƬLjȇ ƢǷȁ ȆǨǗƢǠdzơ ǽǂƯƗ Ǯdzƿ
ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ
ǶȀǼȈǰǸƬdz ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ ńƛ ƩƢǷƾŬơ ǹȂǷĈƾǬȇ ǺǷ Dzǰdz ǶƟȐǷ Ƥȇǁƾƫ ƭơƾƸƬLJơ (ƣ)
ȆǨǗƢǠdzơ ǂƯȋơ ȄǴǟ ƤƐǴǤƬdzơ Ŀ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ ƧƾǟƢLjŭ ǶȀǨdzơȁ ƩơǁƢȀŭơ ǺǷ ǾȈdzƛ ǹȂƳƢƬŹ ƢǷ ƨȈǸǼƫ ǺǷ
ƨȈǠƟƢǫȂdzơ ƩƢǷȂǴǠŭơ ʼnƾǬƫ Ǻǟ Ȑǔǧ ƾƳȁ ƢǸưȈƷ DŽĈȈƸƬdzơ ȄǴǟȁ ƨŻǂƴǴdz
Ʃơǁȁƽ ǶȈǜǼƫȁ ƢȇƢƸǔdzƢƥ ǕƢƦƫǁơ ǶŮ ǺǷ Dzǯ śƥ ƨdzƢĈǠǧ DZƢǐƫơ DzƦLJ ƨǷƢǫƛ (Ʊ)
ƨƴȈƬǻ ǶȀƟơǀȇƛ ǺǷ ƾȇDŽŭơ ǞǼǷ ǺǷ ǶȀǼȈǰŤ ǥƾȀƬLjƫ Ŗdzơ ƩƢǷȂǴǠŭơ ǂnjǻȁ ƩƢǟƢǸƬƳơȁ ƨȈLJơǁƽ
ǵƢǜǼdzơ DZƢǸǠƬLJȏ
ǺǷ ǥƢǐƬǻȐdz ǶŮ ƨƷƢƬŭơ ǍǂǨdzƢƥȁ ǶȀǫȂǬŞ ǶǴǟ ȄǴǟ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ ƔƢǬƥƛ ǹƢǸǓ (ƽ)
ƨȈƟƢǼŪơ ƩơƔơǂƳȍơ Ŀ ǃǂƄơ ǵĈƾǬƬdzƢƥ Ǯdzǀǯ ǶǴǟ ȄǴǟȁ ƨdzȁƾdzơ ǺǷ ȁƗ ŚǤdzơ ǺǷ ȁƗ ǵǂĐơ
ǂƐǧȂƬƫ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ Ǎǂǧ ȅƘƥȁ ƨǐƬƼŭơ
ƩƢȈdzȉơ ǽǀǿ ǹȂǰƫ ƮȈƷ ȁƗ ƩƢǟǃƢǼŭơ Dzū ƨȈũǁ Śǣ ƩƢȈdzƕ ƾƳȂƫ ƮȈƷ (ºǿ)
ǺǷ ƨLJĈǂǰŭơ ƨȈǻȂǻƢǬdzơ ƝƽƢƦǸǴdz ƤƳơȂdzơ ǁƢƦƬǟȏơ ƔȐȇƛ ǞǷȁ ǺǰǷƗ ơƿƛ ǪƐǬƸƬdzơ ƾȀǠdzơ ƨưȇƾƷ
ǂȇƾǬƫ DzǫƗ ȄǴǟ Ȇǿ ƨƴȈƬǼdzơ ǹƗ ǺǷȁ ǵƢƬdzơ ǁƢƦƬǟȏơ Ŀ ǶēƢȈLJƢLjƷȁ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ ƩƢƦǣǁ ǀƻƗ
ǵƾƼƬLJơ ȅǀdzơ Ȃǿ Ȇũǂdzơ ǵƢǜǼdzơ ǹƢǯ Ȃdz ǶŮ ƢȀǠǨǻ ǁƾǬƥ ƢȇƢƸǔǴdz ƨǠǧƢǻ
ƩƢǷƾŬơ ƨȈdzƢǠǧȁ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ ƩƢƳƢȈƬƷơ ƔƢǬƥƛ ǾƬȇƢǣ ƮƸƦdzơȁ ƾǏǂǴdz ƲǷƢǻǂƥ ǞǓȁ (ȁ)
ƩƢǟƢǸƬƳơ ǶȈǜǼƫ ƲǷƢǻŐdzơ ơǀǿ ǺĈǸǔƬȇ ǹƗ ǺǰŻȁ ǂǸƬLjŭơ ǑơǂǠƬLJȏơ ƾȈǫ ǶȀȈdzƛ ǵĈƾǬƫ Ŗdzơ
ƨȈǼǠŭơ ƩƢƠȈŮơ ǂƟƢLJȁ ȆƟƢǼŪơ ƔƢǔǬdzơ ǵƢǜǼdz ƨǠƥƢƬdzơ ƨǐƬƼŭơ ƩƢǟƢǘǬdzơ ȆǴưǸŭ ƨǸǜƬǼǷ ƩơǂŤƚǷȁ
ƨǷĈƾǬŭơ ƩƢǷƾŬơȁ ƨǸƟƢǬdzơ ƨLJǁƢǸŭơȁ ǀǧƢǼdzơ ǹȂǻƢǬdzơ ƨƥƢƴƬLJơ ȃƾǷ ƮƸƦdz ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ ƩƢƳƢȈƬƷƢƥ
ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ Ɣȏƚǿ ƩƢƳƢȈƬƷȏ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ ńƛ
ǢƐǴƦŭơ Śǣ ǶƟơǂŪơ ƩȏƢƷ Ŀ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ ƩƢƳƢȈƬƷơ ǺĈȈƦƫ ƢȀƬȇƢǣ ƩƢLJơǁƽ ƔơǂƳƛ (ǃ)
ǶŮ ƨǸƟȐŭơ ƩƢǷƾŬơ ƨƷƢƫƛȁ ƢȀǼǟ
ƩơȂǘŬơ Dzǯ ƨȈdzȁƾdzơȁ ƨȈǸȈǴǫȍơȁ ƨȈǼǗȂdzơ ƧƾǠǏȋơ ȄǴǟ ǀƼƬƫ ǹƘƥ ﻳﻮﺻﻲÑ
ǹȂǠǬȇ ǺǷ ȄǬǴƬȇ ǹƗ ǁȂǷƗ ƨǴŦ Ŀ ǺǸǔȈdz ƨȈƟƢǼŪơ DzƟƢLjŭơ Ŀ Ņȁƾdzơ ǹȁƢǠƬdzơ ƨȈǸǼƬdz ƨǸƟȐŭơ
ńƛ ǶēƽȂǟ ƾǼǟȁ ƧǂNjƢƦǷ ƨŻǂŪơ ǝȂǫȁ ƾǠƥ ƨdzƢĈǠǧ ƧƾǟƢLjǷ ǶȀƬdzȁƽ Śǣ ƨdzȁƽ Ŀ ƔơǀȇȎdz ƢȇƢƸǓ
ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﻭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ 336
ǥƢǯ ǁƾǬƥ ǶȀǔȇȂǠƫ ȁƗ ǶȀȈdzƛ ǶȀǫȂǬƷ ƽĈ ǁȁ ǶȀūƢǐǷ ƨȇƢǸū ǶȀƬȈLjǼƳ ȁƗ ǶȀƬǷƢǫƛ ƾǴƥ
Ƨǁȁǂǔdzơ ƤLjƷ ǶȀȈdzƛ Ƕǟƾdzơ ƩƢǷƾƻ ʼnƾǬƫȁ
ńƛȁ DzȈǐǨƬdzơ ǺǷ ƾȇDŽŠ ǹȐǟȍơ ǺǷ ƔƢƥ ƔDŽŪơ ǡȂǏ ńƛ ƨƳƢūƢƥ ﻳﺴﻠﹼﻢÒ
ơǀǿ ƢȇƢƸǔdz ǥƢǐǻȍơ ŚǧȂƬdzȁ ƨǘǴLjdzơ DZƢǸǠƬLJơ Ŀ ǦĈLjǠƬdzơ ǞǼŭ ƨȈdzȁƽ DzƦLJ ƭơƾƸƬLJơ
ƨƦLJƢǼŭơ ƩơȂǘŬơ ƿƢţƢƥ ȆǏȂȇȁ ƨȈǧƢǯ Śǣ ƨȈǼǗȂdzơ DzƦLjdzơ ǹȂǰƫ ǹƗ DzǸƬŹ ƮȈƷ ǦĈLjǠƬdzơ
ƨȇƢǤdzơ ǽǀŮ
ƨȈǻơDŽȈŭơ Ǻǟ ƨƳǁƢŬơ DZơȂǷȋơ ǂĈLjȈƬƥ ƢǼǿǁ ǶƐǜǼȇ ǹƗ ǵƢǠdzơ śǷȋơ ńƛ ﻳﻄﻠﺐÓ
ǹȐǟƛȁ ÐÑ/ÑÍ ƨǷƢǠdzơ ƨȈǠǸŪơ ǁơǂǫ ǀȈǨǼƫ ńƛ ȆǷǂƫ ƧƽĈƾŰ ƩƢƷǂƬǬǷ ƨǣƢȈǐdz ƔơŐƼǴdz ƢǟƢǸƬƳơ
ƮȈƷ ǺǷ ƨǘǴLjdzơ DZƢǸǠƬLJơ Ŀ ǦĈLjǠƬdzơȁ ǵơǂƳȍơ ƢȇƢƸǔƥ ƨǬǴǠƬŭơ ƨȈLJƢLJȋơ DZƾǠdzơ ƝƽƢƦǷ
ʼnƾǬƬƥ ƶǸLjȇ ƤLJƢǼǷ ƪǫȁ Ŀ Ǯdzƿȁ ƨǘǴLjdzơ DZƢǸǠƬLJơ ƧƔƢLJƛ ȄǴǟ śƬǬȈƯȂdzơ śƫƢǿ ǩƢƦǘǻơ
ǺǷ ƢȀȈǧ ǂǜǼdzơȁ Ƨǂnjǟ ƨȇƽƢūơ Ƣēǁȁƽ Ŀ ƢȀƬƸǧƢǰǷȁ ƨŻǂŪơ ǞǼǷ ƨǼŪ ńƛ ƩƢƷǂƬǬŭơ ǽǀǿ
.śǷǂĐơ ƨǴǷƢǠǷȁ ƨŻǂŪơ ǞǼŭ ǺǷƢưdzơ ƧƾƸƬŭơ ǶǷȋơ ǂŤƚǷ ƤǻƢƳ
337 ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‐ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﺎﻳﺎ،ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ
____________
.Ǫǧǂŭơ ÏÎ/ÎÖÖÕ ȆǟƢǸƬƳȏơȁ ȅƽƢǐƬǫȏơ džǴĐơ ǁơǂǫ *
ǞǼǷ DŽǯǂǷ DZȁȋơ ǵƢǬŭơ Ŀ řǠƫ ƢĔƗ ȄǴǟ ǵƢǠdzơ śǷȋơ ńƛ ƩơǁƢNjȍơ ǶȀǨĄƫ ǽǀǿ DzǸǠdzơ ƨǘƻ Ŀ (1)
Dzǰnjƫ Ŗdzơ ƾǿƢǠŭơȁ ƨǷƢǠdzơ ƨǻƢǷȋƢƥ ƨŻǂŪơ ǞǼǷȁ ƩơǁƾƼŭơ ƨƦǫơǂǷ ƤƬǰŭ ǞƥƢƬdzơ Ņȁƾdzơ ƾȈǠǐdzơ ȄǴǟ ƨŻǂŪơ
.ƨȈƟƢǼŪơ ƨdzơƾǠdzơȁ ƨŻǂŪơ ǞǼŭ ƧƾƸƬŭơ ǶǷȋơ ƲǷƢǻǂƥ ƨǰƦNj
ƽǁơȂŭơ ƽȁƾƷ ǺǸǓ Ƣđ ǵƢȈǬdzơ ȆǤƦǼȇ ǾǻƜǧ ƨǘnjǻƘƥ ǞǴǘǔȇ ǹƗ ǵƢǠdzơ śǷȋơ ńƛ ƤǴǘȇ ƢǸǼȈƷ (2)
.ƨȈǻơDŽȈŭơ ƱǁƢƻ ǺǷ DZơȂǷƘƥ ƨǻƢǠƬLJȏƢƥ ȁƗ ƧƽȂƳȂŭơ
.E/CN.15/1998/CRP.4 (3)
.E/CN.15/1998/CRP.4/Add.1 (4)
337
ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﻭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ 338
ƨȈǷȂǰūơ Śǣȁ ƨȈdzȁƾdzơ ƨȈǷȂǰūơ ƩƢǸǜǼŭơ ǞǷ ƤǼƳ ńƛ ƢƦǼƳ ǵƢǠdzơ śǷȋơ ńƛ ƤǴǘĄȇ Ñ
DZȁƾdzơ ƾǟƢLjȇ ǹƗ ƨȈƟƢǼŪơ ƨdzơƾǠdzơȁ ƨŻǂŪơ ǞǼŭ ƧƾƸƬŭơ ǶǷȋơ ƲǷƢǻǂƥ ƨǰƦNj Dzǰnjƫ Ŗdzơ ƾǿƢǠŭơȁ
ǩȂǬƷ ƩƢǯƢȀƬǻơ ƢȇƢƸǓ ŁƢǐdz ƨȇŐƳȁ ƨȈǔȇȂǠƫ ƩƢLJƢȈLJ ǡȂǏ ȄǴǟ ƨǸƬȀŭơ ƔƢǔǟȋơ
ƨdzơƾǠǴdz ơDŽȇDŽǠƫȁ ƨȈǼǗȂdzơ ƨūƢǐŭơȁ ƔƢǼƦdzơ ƧƽƢǟƛ ƩƢȈǴǸǟ ǺǷ ƔDŽƴǯ ňƢLjǻȍơ ǹȂǻƢǬdzơȁ ǹƢLjǻȍơ
.ǹȂǻƢǬdzơ ƧƽƢȈLJȁ
ńƛ Dzǐȇ ȅǀdzơ DZƢŷȎdz ƨƴȈƬǻ ǞLJơȁ ǩƢǘǻ ȄǴǟ ǹƢLjǻȍơ ǞǼǏ ǺǷ ƭǁơȂǯȁ ƣƢǿǁƛȁ Ɣơǀȇƛ
ƨǫǂǧƗ ƔƢǔƬǫȏơ ƾǼǟ ƢǷƾƼƬLjǷ ƨȇǁȁǂǔdzơ ƨƟǁƢǘdzơ ƧƾǟƢLjŭơ ʼnƾǬƫ DzǨǰȇ ƮȈŞ ƨŻǂŪơ ƾƷ
ƨȀƳơȂǷ ȄǴǟ ƧƾǟƢLjǸǴdz Ņȁƽ ǞƥƢǗ Ʃơƿȁ ƩƢǏƢǐƬƻơ ƧƾǠdz ƨǠǷƢƳ ƩƢǷǃȌdz ƨƥƢƴƬLJơ
.ǶȀǫȂǬƷ ƨdzƢǨǯȁ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ ƩƢƳƢȈƬƷơ ƨȈƦǴƫȁ ǝƢǓȁȋơ
ƔƢǼǷƗ DzǸǟ DŽȇDŽǠƫȁ ƭơƾƸƬLJơ Ŀ ƔƢǔƬǫȏơ ƾǼǟ ǂǜǼdzơ ȄǴǟ ƔƢǔǟȋơ DZȁƾdzơ ǞƴnjĄƫ ÎÍ
ǞǼǷ DzƟƢLJȁȁ ȃȁƢǰnjdzơ ƩƢȈdzƕ ǺǷ ƢǿơȂLJ ȁƗ ȃȂǟƾdzơ Ŀ ǂǜǼdzơ ƧƽƢǟȍ ƨȈǻƾŭơ ƩƢƠȈŮơȁ ŃƢǜŭơ
.ǾȈǧ ǪȈǬƸƬdzơȁ ƨǘǴLjdzơ DZƢǸǠƬLJơ Ŀ ǺǰǸŭơ ǦĈLjǠƬdzơ
ƨȈǨȈǬưƫȁ ƨȈǷȐǟƛ ƩȐǸŞ ǵƢȈǬdzơ ȄǴǟ ƨȈǷȂǰūơ Śǣ ƩƢǸǜǼŭơȁ ƔƢǔǟȋơ DZȁƾdzơ ǞƴnjĄƫ ÎÎ
ǺǷ Ȑǯ ƩȐǸūơ ǽǀǿ DzǸnjƫ ǹƗ ȆǤƦǼȇȁ .ƢǸȀǼǷ ƾūơȁ Ɣơǀȇȍơ ƧƽƢǟƛȁ Ɣơǀȇȍơ ǞǼǷ ǥƾȀƬLjƫ
ǥƾȀƬLjƫ Ŗdzơ ƨǏƢŬơ ƩȐǸūơȁ ǹƢǰLjdzơ ǺǷ ƧŚƦǯ ƩƢǟƢǘǫ ńƛ ƨȀƳȂŭơ ƨǷƢǠdzơ ƩȐǸūơ
.Ɣơǀȇȍơ ƧƽƢǟƛȁ Ɣơǀȇȍơ ơǀŮ ǑĈǂǠƬdzơ ƧƾȇƾNj ƢĔƘƥ ƨǧȁǂǠǷ ƧǁƢƬű ƩƢƠǧ
ǵȐǟȍơ ǖƟƢLJȁ ȆǴưŲ ǞǷ ǪȈƯȂdzơ ǹȁƢǠƬdzƢƥ ǵȂǬƫ ǹƗ ȄǴǟ ƔƢǔǟȋơ DZȁƾdzơ ǞƴnjĄƫ ÎÏ
ƧƽƢǟƛ ǺǷ ƾūơȁ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ ƨȇƢŧ ǥƾđ ǵȐǟȍơ ǖƟƢLJȂdz ƨȈȀȈƳȂƫ ƝƽƢƦǷ ǡȂǐƥ ȅŚǿƢǸŪơ
.ȏƢǠǧ ơǀȈǨǼƫ ƨȈȀȈƳȂƬdzơ ƝƽƢƦŭơ ǮǴƫ ǀȈǨǼƫȁ Ɣơǀȇȍơ
ƧǁȂǐƥ ƩƢȈdzȁƚLjŭơ ǶȈLjǬƫ ǞǷ ǂǧƢǔƬŭơ DzǸǠdzơ DzǨǰȇ ǹƗ ǵƢǠdzơ śǷȋơ ńƛ ƤǴǘĄȇ ÎÓ
.ǹȐǟȍơ ơǀǿ ǀȈǨǼƫ DŽȇDŽǠƬƥ ƨȈǼǠŭơ ƩƢǻƢȈǰdzơ ǺǷ ƢǿơȂLJȁ ƧƾƸƬŭơ ǶǷȋơ ƩƢǻƢȈǯ śƥ ƨǸƟȐǷ
ǡȂǏ ȄǴǟ ƢȀƦǴǗ ȄǴǟ ƔƢǼƥ ƔƢǔǟȋơ DZȁƾdzơ ƾǟƢLjȇ ǹƗ ǵƢǠdzơ śǷȋơ ńƛ ƤǴǘĄȇ ÎÔ
śǼǗơȂŭơ ƨǯǁƢnjǷ Ǯdzƿ Ŀ ƢŠ ƢȇƢƸǔǴdz ƧƾǟƢLjŭơ ʼnƾǬƬdz Ƕǟƾdzơ ƾnjƷȁ ƨǯǂƬnjǷ ƩƢȈƴȈƫơǂƬLJơ
.ǩȂǬūơ ƽǁ ȄǴǟ ƨǸƟƢǬdzơ ƨdzơƾǠdzơ ƝƽƢƦŭ ƲȇȁǂƬdzơȁ ǞLJȁƗ ǩƢǘǻ ȄǴǟ
341 ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‐ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﺎﻳﺎ،ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ
341
ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﻭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ 342
ȆǨȇ ƢǷ ŚǧȂƫ DzǨǰƫ ǹƗ ƨȈƟƢǔǫ ƨȇȏȁ Dzǯ ȄǴǟ śǠƬȇ ƨȈȀȈƳȂƬdzơ ƝƽƢƦŭơ ǀȈǨǼƫ ƾǼǟȁ Ñ
ƢȇƢƸǓ DZƢǨǗȋơ ȃƾdz ƨǏƢŬơ ƩƢƳƢȈƬƷȏơ ƨȇƢŧ ƨȈǤƥ ƩơƔơǂƳƛȁ ǁƢȈƬƻơȁ Ƥȇǁƾƫ ǺǷ ǑǂǤdzƢƥ
Ŀ ƢǼȇƢƦƬǷ ơŚƯƘƫ Ɣơǀȇȍơ ƨǠȈƦǗ ǂƐƯƚƫ ƮȈƷ ƩƢƳƢȈƬƷȏơ ǮǴƫ ƨȈƦǴƫȁ ƢȀȈǴǟ ƽȂȀnjdzơȁ ƨŻǂŪơ
.ƩƢȈƬǨdzơ ȄǴǟ ƢǸȈLJ ȏ ǶȀȈǴǟ ȆLjǼŪơ ƔơƾƬǟȏơ ȐưǷ Ǯdzƿ ǺǷȁ DZƢǨǗȋơ ǺǷ ƨǨǴƬƼŭơ ƩƢƠǨdzơ
ƾǐǬdzơ džȈdzȁ .ƨLJǁƢǸŭơȁ ƨǧǂǠŭơ Ŀ ƢƆǼLjŢȁ ơƆȂŶ ƾȀnjȇ ƢƆǻơƾȈǷ ƨȈȀȈƳȂƬdzơ ƝƽƢƦŭơ ȆǘǤƫȁ Ò
ǂȇȂǘƬdzơ Ǯdzƿ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ ƨǘȇǂNj ǂȇȂǘƬdzơ ǺǷ ƾȇDŽŭơ ǹȁƽ DZȂŢ ǹƗ ȏȁ ƨǴǷƢNj ǹȂǰƫ ǹƗ ƢȀǼǷ
.ƝƽƢƦǷȁ ǥơƾǿƗ ǺǷ ǾȈdzƛ ƾǼƬLjƫ ƢǷ ǞǷ ƢǬLjƬǷ
Ƕǜǻ ǁƢǗƛ Ŀ ƱǁƾǼƫ Ŗdzơ ƨȈƟơǂƳȍơ ƩơǁƢLjŭơ ȄǴǟ ƨȈȀȈƳȂƬdzơ ƝƽƢƦŭơ ǪȈƦǘƫ ƢǔȇƗ ǺǰŻȁ Ó
ȄǴǟ DzǸnjƫ ǹȂǻƢǬdzơ ǺǷ ƨȈƟƢǼƳ Śǣ ƩȏƢů Ŀȁ ƨȈūƢǐƬdzơ ƨdzơƾǠdzƢǯ ƨȈǧǂǟȁ ƨȈũǁ Śǣ ƨdzơƾǟ
ƨǼǗơȂŭơȁ ƨȈǴǬǠdzơ ƨƸǐdzơȁ DzǨǘdzơ ƨȇƢŧȁ ȆǼĈƦƬdzơȁ ǩȐǘdzơȁ ƨǻƢǔūơ ǂǐūơ ȏ DZƢưŭơ DzȈƦLJ
.śƠƳȐdzơ ǹȂǻƢǫȁ ƧǂƴŮơȁ
DzǨǰƫ Ŗdzơ ƝƽƢƦŭơȁ ƩƢƦǴǘƬŭơ ǺĈȈƦƫ DzǨǘdzơ ǩȂǬƷ ƨȈǫƢǨƫơ ǹȂǰdz ơǁƢǯǀƬLJơȁ (ȁ)
ƨŻǂŪơ ƢȇƢƸǔdz ƨȈLJƢLJȋơ DZƾǠdzơ ƝƽƢƦǷ ǹȐǟƛ ǹȂǰdzȁ DzǨǘdzơ ǩȂǬŞ ȆǴǠǨdzơ ǥơǂƬǟȏơ
ƩƢǷȂǴǠŭơ ȄǴǟ DZȂǐūơ Ŀ Ǫūơ ƢȇƢƸǔǴdz ƶȈƬƫ Ŗdzơ ƝƽƢƦŭơ ǺĈȈƦĄȇ ƨǘǴLjdzơ DZƢǸǠƬLJơ Ŀ ǦĈLjǠƬdzơȁ
ƧƾǟƢLjŭơȁ ǒȇȂǠƬdzơȁ ƨȇƢǸūơȁ ƨǯǁƢnjŭơȁ
ǹȐǟƛ Ŀ ƧƽǁơȂdzơ ƝƽƢƦŭơ ǀǨƐ Ǽƫ Ŗdzơ ƨȈǸȈǴǫȍơȁ ƨȈdzȁƾdzơ ƩơǁƽƢƦǸǴdz ơǁƢǯǀƬLJơȁ (ǃ)
ǹƘnjƥ DzȈdzƾdzơ ƢȀǼǷȁ ƨǘǴLjdzơ DZƢǸǠƬLJơ Ŀ ǦĈLjǠƬdzơȁ ƨŻǂŪơ ƢȇƢƸǔdz ƨȈLJƢLJȋơ DZƾǠdzơ ƝƽƢƦǷ
ǹơǀǴdzơ ƨȈLJƢLJȋơ DZƾǠdzơ ƝƽƢƦǷ ǹȐǟƛ ǹƘnjƥ ƩƢLJƢȈLjdzơ ȆǠǓơȁ DzȈdzƽȁ ƢȇƢƸǔǴdz ƨdzơƾǠdzơ ŚǧȂƫ
ÎÖÖÖ ǵƢǟ Ŀ ƨŻǂŪơȁ ƩơǁƾƼŭƢƥ řǠŭơ ƧƾƸƬŭơ ǶǷȋơ ƤƬǰǷ Ǻǟ ơǁƾǏ
džLJȋơ ƔƢLJǁƛ Ŀ DzǨǘdzơ ǩȂǬū Ņȁƾdzơ ƤƬǰŭơ ƢŮǀƦȇ Ŗdzơ ƽȂȀŪƢƥ ƢǧơǂƬǟơȁ (Ƶ)
ƢȀȈǴǟ ƽȂȀnjdzơȁ ƨŻǂŪơ ƢȇƢƸǓ DZƢǨǗȋơ ǹƘnjƥ ƨȈȀȈƳȂƬdzơ ƝƽƢƦŭơ ǡȂǐdz ƨǷǃȐdzơ
ǹƗ ǺǰŻ ƢȀȈǴǟ ƽȂȀnjdzơȁ ƨŻǂŪơ ƢȇƢƸǓ DZƢǨǗȌdz ƨƥƢƴƬLJȏơ śLjŢ ǹȂǰdz ơǁƢƦƬǟơȁ (Ǖ)
ƨdzơƾǠdzơ ƩơƔơǂƳƛ ǁƢLjŭ ƢǸǟƽ ǂưǯƗȁ Ɣơǀȇȍơ ƩȏƢƷ ƔƢnjǧȍ ơƽơƾǠƬLJơ ǂưǯƗ ǶǿǂLJƗȁ DZƢǨǗȋơ DzǠŸ
ƾƥ ȏ ƢȀȈǴǟ ƽȂȀnjdzơȁ ƨŻǂŪơ ƢȇƢƸǓ DZƢǨǗȌdz ƨdzơƾǠdzơ ŚǧȂƫ ǹȂǰdz ơǁƢǯǀƬLJơȁ (ȅ)
śǻơƾŭơ śǷǂĐơ ǩȂǬƷȁ śǸȀƬŭơ ǩȂǬƷ ȄǴǟ ǙƢǨūơ ǞǷ DzǨǰĄȇ ǹƗ
řǗȂdzơ Őǟ ǞƥƢǘdzơ ǹȂǰdz ƨǜƷȐǷȁ ƨȈǻȂǻƢǬdzơ ƾȈdzƢǬƬdzơȁ ǶǜǼdzơ ǝȂǼƬdz ƧƢǟơǂǷȁ (ǭ)
ƽȂȀnjdzơȁ ƨŻǂŪơ ƢȇƢƸǓ DZƢǨǗȋơ DZȂǐƷ ǹƢǸǓ ńƛ ƨƳƢƷ ƽȂƳȁȁ ƽƢȇƽǃȏơ Ŀ ơǀƻƕ ƨŻǂƴǴdz
.ǹơƾǴƦdzơ Dzǯ Ŀ ƨƠǧƢǰƬǷ ƨȇƢŧ ȄǴǟ ƢȀȈǴǟ
ƝƽƢƦŭơ ƢưdzƢƯ
ȂƸǼdzơ ȄǴǟ DzǨǘdzơ ǩȂǬƷ ƨȈǫƢǨƫơ ƢǏȂǐƻȁ ƨȈdzȁƾdzơ ǭȂǰǐdzơ ǾȈǴǟ ǎǼƫ ƢŠ ȐƆ Ǹǟ Õ
ƽȂȀnjdzơȁ ƨŻǂŪơ ƢȇƢƸǓ DZƢǨǗȌdz ƨdzơƾǠdzơ ǹƢǸǓ ƨȈǤƥȁ DzǨǘdzơ ǩȂǬƷ ƨǼŪ DZƢǸǟƗ Ŀ ȆƐǴƴƬŭơ
ƝƽƢƦŭơ ơȂǟơǂȇ ǹƗ DZƢǨǗȋơ ǮƠdzȁƗ ǽƢǧǁ Ǻǟ śdzȁƚLjŭơ ǺǷ ǶǿŚǣȁ śȈǼȀŭơ ȄǴǟ ƤŸ ƢȀȈǴǟ
:ƨȈdzƢƬdzơ ƨǠǷƢŪơ
ǾƬǷơǂǯ ƨȇƢŧȁ ǵơǂƬƷơ ȆǤƦǼȇ Ľ ǺǷȁ śťȁ ƾȇǂǧ ǺƟƢǯ Ȃǿ DzǨǗ Dzǯ .ƨǷơǂǰdzơ (Ɨ)
ǾƬǷǂĄƷȁ ǾūƢǐǷȁ ƨǏƢŬơ ǾƫƢƳƢȈƬƷơȁ
ƧơȁƢLjŭơ ǵƾǫ ȄǴǟȁ ƨdzƽƢǟ ƨǴǷƢǠǷ DzǷƢǠȇĄ ǹƗ Ŀ Ǫūơ DzǨǗ Dzǰdz .DŽȈȈǸƬdzơ ǵƾǟ (ƣ)
džǼƳ ȁƗ ǹȂdz ȁƗ řƯƛ ȁƗ Ȇǫǂǟ ƔƢǸƬǻơ ǺǷ Ȇǟǂnjdzơ ǾĈȈǏȁ ȁƗ Ǿȇƾdzơȁ ȁƗ DzǨǘǴdz ƢǸǟ ǂǜǼdzơ ǥǂǐƥ
ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﻭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ 344
ƩƢǰǴƬŲ ȁƗ ȆǟƢǸƬƳơ ȁƗ řƯƛ ȁƗ řǗȁ DzǏƗ ȁƗ ȆLJƢȈLJ Śǣ ȁƗ ȆLJƢȈLJ ȅƗǁ ȁƗ Ǻȇƽ ȁƗ ƨǤdz ȁƗ
ƩƢȈǠǓȂdzơ ǺǷ Ǯdzƿ Śǣ ȁƗ ƾdzȂǷ ȁƗ ǩȂǟ ȁƗ
ǩȂǬƷ ǹȂǏ ƧǁȁǂǓ ǺǷ Ƕǣǂdzơ ȄǴǟ .ǾƳȁ DzǔǧƗ ȄǴǟ DzǨǘdzơ ŁƢǐǷ ƨǷƾƻ (Ʊ)
Ŀ ǾǬƷ DzǸnjȇ ơǀǿȁ .DZȁȋơ ǁƢƦƬǟȏơ ǾūƢǐǷ ńȂĄƫ ǹƗ DzǨǗ Dzǰdz ǪŹ śǻơƾŭơȁ śǸȀƬŭơ ƧƢǼŪơ
:ǪLJƢǼƬŭơ ȂǸǼǴdz ƨǏǂǧ Ǿºdz ƵƢƬƫ ǹƗ Ŀȁ ƨȇƢǸūơ
ǺǷ DzǰNj ȅƗ ǺǷ ƨȇƢǫȂdzơ Ŀȁ ƔƢǬƦdzơȁ ƧƢȈūơ Ŀ Ǫūơ DzǨǗ Dzǰdz .ƨȇƢǸūơ ‘Α
ȁƗ ƨǴǷƢǠŭơ ƔȂLJ Ǯdzƿ Ŀ ƢŠ DZƢŷȍơ ȁƗ ƨǴǷƢǠŭơ ƔȂLJ ȁƗ ƨǬƐ njŭơ DZƢǰNjƗ
ǹƢȈǻơƾƳȂdzơȁ ǹƢȈǼǿǀdzơȁ ǹƢȈLjǨǼdzơȁ ǹƢȈǻƾƦdzơ DZƢŷȍơ
ǪLJƢǼƬŭơ ȂǸǼdzơ ƨǏǂǧ Ǿdz ƵƢƬƫ ǹƗ Ŀ Ǫūơ DzǨǗ Dzǰdz .ǪLJƢǼƬŭơ ȂǸǼdzơ ‘Ï‘
ňƢƷȁǂdzơȁ řǿǀdzơȁ ňƾƦdzơ ǽȂǸǼdz ƤLJƢǼǷ ƨnjȈǠǷ ȃȂƬLjǷ Ŀ Ǫūơȁ
ƿƢţơ ȆǤƦǼȈǧ ƨǷƾǐdz ǑĈǂǠƫ ȅǀdzơ DzǨǘdzơ ƢǷƗ .ȆǟƢǸƬƳȏơȁ ȆǫȐƻȋơȁ
ǶȈǴLJ ȂǸǼƥ ǞƬǸƬdzơ ǺǷ ǾǼȈǰǸƬdz ƨǷǃȐdzơ ƩơȂǘŬơ Dzǯ
Ŀ Ǫūơ řǗȂdzơ ȆƟơǂƳȍơ ǹȂǻƢǬdzơ ǵƢǰƷƘƥ ƢǼǿǁ DzǨǗ Dzǰdz .ƨǯǁƢnjŭơ Ŀ Ǫūơ (ƽ)
Ŀ ǍƢƻ ǾƳȂƥ ǶǿƢLjȇ ǹƗȁ ƨȈƫơǀdzơ ǾƫơǁƢƦǠƥ ƨĈȇǂŞ ǾƫơƾǬƬǠǷȁ ǾƟơǁƕȁ ǽǂǜǻ ƩƢȀƳȁ Ǻǟ ŚƦǠƬdzơ
ǀƻƚƫ ǹƗȁ ƨȈƟƢǔǫ ƩơƔơǂƳƛ ȅƗ Ŀ ƧǀƼƬŭơ ƩơǁơǂǬdzơ Ǯdzƿ Ŀ ƢŠ ǾƫƢȈƷ Ŀ ǂƯƚƫ Ŗdzơ ƩơǁơǂǬdzơ
.ǾƫƢǻƢǰǷƛ ǁȂǘƫȁ ȅǂǰǨdzơ Ǿƴǔǻȁ ǾĈǼLJȁ ǾƫơǁƾǬdz ƢǠƦƫ ǁƢƦƬǟȏơ śǠƥ Ɣơǁȉơ ǮǴƫ
ǦȇǁƢǠƬdzơ ƢǠƥơǁ
:ƨȈȀȈƳȂƬdzơ ƝƽƢƦŭơ ǽǀǿ ǎǻ DzǷƢǯ Ŀ ƨȈdzƢƬdzơ ǦȇǁƢǠƬdzơ ǪƦǘǼƫ Ö
ƨǼǷƢưdzơ ǺLJ ǹȁƽ śǬǿơǂŭơȁ DZƢǨǗȋơ řǠƫ "ƽȂȀnjdzơȁ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ DZƢǨǗȋơ" ƧǁƢƦǟ (Ɨ)
Ƥǰƫǂŭơ ǵǂŪơ Ŀ Ƕǿǁȁƽ Ǻǟ ǂǜǼdzơ ǥǂǐƥ ƢȀȈǴǟ ƽȂȀNj ȁƗ ƨŻǂƴǴdz ƢȇƢƸǓ Ƕǿ Ǻȇǀdzơ Ƨǂnjǟ
śǷȂǟDŽŭơ śǷǂĐơ ƩƢǟƢŦ ȁƗ ǵȂǟDŽŭơ ǵǂĐơ ƨǸǯƢŰ Ŀ ȁƗ
DZƢǐƫơ ȄǴǟ ǶȀǴǸǟ ǩƢȈLJ Ŀ Ƕǿ Ǻȇǀdzơ ǍƢƼNjȋơ ńƛ Śnjƫ "ǹȂȈǼȀŭơ" ƧǁƢƦǟ (ƣ)
ǵƢǜǻ Ŀ DZƢǨǗȋơ ƩƢƳƢȈƬƷơ ƨȈƦǴƫ Ǻǟ ǹȂdzȁƚLjǷ ȁƗ ƢȀȈǴǟ ƽȂȀnjdzơȁ ƨŻǂŪơ ƢȇƢƸǓ DZƢǨǗȋƢƥ
ǂǐūơ ȏ DZƢưŭơ DzȈƦLJ ȄǴǟ DzǸnjȇ ơǀǿȁ .ƨȈȀȈƳȂƬdzơ ƝƽƢƦŭơ ǽǀǿ ǶȀȈǴǟ ǪƦǘǼƫ Ǻȇǀdzơȁ ƨdzơƾǠdzơ
ƩƢǷƾƻ Ŀ śLJǁƢǸŭơ śǨǛȂŭơȁ ǶȀȇƾǻƢLjǷȁ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơȁ DZƢǨǗȋơ ȅǂǏƢǼǷ :śdzƢƬdzơ ǍƢƼNjȋơ
ȆǷƢŰ Ǯdzǀǯȁ ƨǷƢǠdzơ ƨƥƢȈǼdzơ ƔȐǯȁȁ DZƢǨǗȋơ ǽƢǧǂƥ ƨȈǼǠŭơ ƧDŽȀƳȋơ ȆǨǛȂǷȁ DZƢǨǗȋơ ƨȇƢŧ
345 ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‐ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﺎﻳﺎ،ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ
ŅDŽºǼŭơ ǦǼǠdzơ ƲǷơǂƥ ȆǨǛȂǷȁ ƨȈǴǐǼǬdzơȁ ƨȈLJƢǷȂǴƥƾdzơ ƩƢưǠƦdzơ ƔƢǔǟƗȁ ƔƢǔƬǫȏơ ƾǼǟ ǝƢǧƾdzơ
ƨƸǐdzơ ȆȈǼȀǷȁ śȈƦǘdzơ śȈǼȀŭơȁ śǻơȂǬdzơ ƿƢǨǻƛ ƧDŽȀƳƗ ȆǨǛȂǷȁ ǶǯƢƄơ ȆǨǛȂǷȁ ƧƢǔǬdzơȁ
śȈǟƢǸƬƳȏơ śǴǷƢǠdzơȁ ƨȈǴǬǠdzơ
ȃȂǰnjdzơ ʼnƾǬƫȁ ƨŻǂŪơ Ǻǟ Ǧnjǰdzơ DzǸnjƫ "ƨdzơƾǠdzơ ƩơƔơǂƳƛ" ƧǁƢƦǟ (Ʊ)
ơƿƛ ƢǸǟ ǂǜǼdzơ ǥǂǐƥ ƨǸǯƢƸǸǴdz ƨǬƷȐdzơ ƩơƔơǂƳȍơȁ ƨǸǯƢƄơȁ ƨȈƟƢǔǬdzơ ƨǬƷȐŭơȁ ǪȈǬƸƬdzơȁ
ȁƗ ǺȇƾNjơǂdzƢƥ ǍƢƻ ȆǸȈǴǫƛ ȁƗ Ņȁƽ ȁƗ řǗȁ ƨȈƟƢǼƳ ƨdzơƾǟ ǵƢǜǻ ǁƢǗƛ Ŀ ŀƢǠƫ ȃȂǟƾdzơ ƪǻƢǯ
Ȇũǁ Śǣ ȁƗ Ŀǂǟ ƨdzơƾǟ ǵƢǜǻ Ŀ ȁƗ ƭơƾƷȋơ
ȅǀdzơ ƲȀǼdzơ ǹƢȈǼǠƫ "ǦǿǂǷ džŞ" ƧǁƢƦǟȁ "DzǨǘdzơ ƩƢƳƢȈƬƷȏ ǝơǂĄǷ" ƧǁƢƦǟ (ƽ)
.ǹƢƦLjūơ Ŀ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơ ǽƔơǁƕȁ DzǨǘdzơ ƩƢƳƢȈƬƷơ ǀƻƘȇȁ ƨȇƢǸūơ Ŀ DzǨǘdzơ ǪƷ ǹǃơȂȇ
ȁƗ ȆǟƢǸƬƳơ ȁƗ řƯƛ ȁƗ řǗȁ DzǏƗ ȁƗ ȆLJƢȈLJ Śǣ ȁƗ ȆLJƢȈLJ ȅƗǁ ȁƗ Ǻȇƽ ȁƗ ƨǤdz ȁƗ džǼƳ
.ƩƢȈǠǓȂdzơ ǺǷ Ǯdzƿ Śǣ ȁƗ ƾdzȂǷ ȁƗ ǩȂǟ ȁƗ ƩƢǰǴƬŲ
ƽȂȀnjdzơȁ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ DZƢǨǗȌdz ƨƷƢƬŭơ Ƕǟƾdzơ ƩƢǷƾƻȁ ƨdzơƾǠdzơ ƩơƔơǂƳƛ ǹȂǰƫ ǹƗ ȆǤƦǼȇȁ ÎÓ
ƨȈǼƯȍơ ǾƬȈǨǴƻȁ ƨȈLjǼŪơ ǾºdzȂȈǷȁ ǾLjǼƳȁ ǾǸȀǧ ȃƾǷȁ ǾƫƢƦǣǁȁ DzǨǘdzơ ǺLjdz ƨȈǟơǂǷ ǶǿǂLJƗȁ
ƨȇƽƢǐƬǫȏơƨȈǟƢǸƬƳȏơ ǾǧȁǂǛȁ ƨȈǨƟƢǘdzơ ǾƬȈǠǓȁȁ ƨȈǟƢǸƬƳȏơȁ ƨȇȂǤǴdzơȁ ƨȈǼȇƾdzơȁ ƨȈǧƢǬưdzơȁ
ǾƫƢǻƢǰǷƛȁ ǾƬƸǏ ƢȀȈǧ ƢŠ ƨǏƢŬơ DzǨǘdzơ ƩƢƳƢȈƬƷȏ Ǯdzǀǯȁ ƞƳȏ ȁƗ ǂƳƢȀǸǯ ǾƬǨǏȁ
.ƩƢǧȐƬƻȏơ ǽǀǿ ǹƘnjƥ ǶȀǨȈǬưƫȁ śȈǼȀŭơ Ƥȇǁƾƫ ȆǤƦǼȇȁ .Ǿƫơǁƾǫȁ
ǹƢƦLjūơ Ŀ ǀƻƚȇ Ȇǰdz ƨǏƢƻ ƨȇƢŧ Śƥơƾƫȁ ƩƢǷƾƻ ƭơƾƸƬLJơ ǵDŽǴȈLJ ƨǼȈǠǷ ƩȏƢƷ Ŀȁ ÎÔ
.ǶȀȈǴǟ ȆLjǼŪơ ƔơƾƬǟȏƢǯ DZƢǨǗȋơ ǥƾȀƬLjƫ ƨǼȈǠǷ ǶƟơǂŪ ƨǨǴƬƼŭơ ƨǠȈƦǘdzơȁ DzǨǘdzơ džǼƳ
ƩơƔơǂƳƛ Ŀ ƨǴǷƢǰdzơ ƨǯǁƢnjŭơ Ŀ DzǨǘdzơ ǪƷ ǵƢǷƗ ơDŽƳƢƷ ǺLjdzơ DzǰƐ njƫ ǹƗ ȆǤƦǼȇ ȏȁ ÎÕ
ǑǂƬǨȇ ȏƗ ȆǤƦǼȇȁ ƧǁƾǬdzơ ǮǴƫ ǎƸǨƥ ƢǼǿǁ ǁƽƢǫ ƾǿƢnjǯ DzǨǗ Dzǯ ƨǴǷƢǠǷ ȆǤƦǼȇȁ .ƨdzơƾǠdzơ
Ǿƴǔǻ ȁƗ ǽǂǸǟ ǹƢǯ ƢŭƢǗ ƤLjƸǧ ǾĈǼLJ ƤƦLjƥ ƨǬưdzƢƥ ƧǂȇƾƳ Śǣ ȁƗ ƨǴǗƢƥ ǾƫƽƢȀNj ǹƗ ƢǬƦLjǷ
ƧƾǟƢLjǷ DzƟƢLJȁȁ DZƢǐƫơ ƩơȁƽƗ ƨǘLJơȂƥ ƨȈǫơƾǐǷ Ʃơƿȁ ƨǷȂȀǨǷ ƧƽƢȀnjƥ Ɣȏƽȍơ ǺǷ ǾǻƢǼǰƐ Ż
.ƢĔȁƾƥ ȁƗ ȃǂƻƗ
ƨǷƢǟ ƔƢǐǫƜƥ ȐưǷ Ǿºdz Ȇǟơƽ ȏ ƵƢǔƬǧơ ȅƗ ǺǷ DZƢǨǗȋơ ƨȇƢǸū Śƥơƾƫ ƿƢţơ ȆǤƦǼȇȁ ÏÕ
ǹȂǻƢǬdzơ ǹƢǯ ƢǸưȈƷ ǾƫƽƢȀnjƥ DzǨǘdzơ Ɣȏƽƛ ƔƢǼƯƗ ƨǸǰƄơ ƨǟƢǫ Ǻǟ ǵȐǟȍơ ǖƟƢLJȁȁ DžƢǼdzơ
.Ǯdzǀƥ ƶǸLjȇ řǗȂdzơ
DZƢǨǗȋơ ǺǷ ƨdzƽȋơ ǞǸŪ ƨǏƢƻ ƩơƔơǂƳƛ ǀȈǨǼƫ ȆǤƦǼȇ :ƩȐƥƢǬŭơ ƽƾǟ ǺǷ ƾūơ (Ɨ)
ȄǴǟȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ ƩƢLjǴƳȁ ƩơƽƢǧȍơȁ ƩȐƥƢǬŭơ ƽƾǟ ǺǷ DzȈǴǬƬdzơ DzƳƗ ǺǷ ƽȂȀnjdzơȁ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ
ȐưǷ Ǯdzƿ ǹȂǰȇ ǹƗ ǺǰŻȁ ƨdzơƾǠdzơ ƩơƔơǂƳƛ Ŀ ƨȇǁȁǂǔdzơ Śǣ ƨǯǁƢnjŭơ ƾȇƾƸƬdzơ ǾƳȁ
ȂȇƾȈǨdzƢƥ DzȈƴLjƬdzơ DZƢǸǠƬLJƢƥ
ǵƢǜǼdzơ ǞǷ ȄNjƢǸƬȇ Ǯdzƿ ǹƢǯ ơƿƛ ƽȂȀnjdzơȁ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ DZƢǨǗȋơ ƨȇƢŧ ǹƢǸǓ (ƣ)
ňƢŪơ ǺǷ ƣơȂƴƬLJȐdz ơȂǓǂĈ ǠƬȇ ǹƗ ǺǷ ǝƢǧƾdzơ ǩȂǬū ƤƳơȂdzơ ǵơǂƬƷȏơ ǞǷȁ ňȂǻƢǬdzơ
ǪȈǬƸƬdzơȁ ƽȂȀnjdzơȁ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ DZƢǨǗȋơ ǞǷ ƩȐƥƢǬŭơ ƔơǂƳƛ ƔƢǔƬǫȏơ ƤLjƷ ȆǤƦǼȈǧ :ǵȂǟDŽŭơ
ƨǴǐǨǼǷ ǁƢǜƬǻơ ƩƢǟƢǫ ŚǧȂƫ ȆǤƦǼȇȁ ǵȂǟDŽŭơ ňƢŪơ ǁƢǜǻƗ Ǻǟ ơƾȈǠƥ ƨǸǰƄơ Dzƻơƽ ǶȀǠǷ
ǶǯƢƄơ Dzƻơƽ ƩȐƥƢǬǸǴdz ƨǏƢƻ ǺǯƢǷƗȁ
ǶŮ ǝơǂǷ ȂŴ ȄǴǟ ƽȂȀnjdzơȁ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ DZƢǨǗȋơ ȄǴǟ ƨǴƠLJƗ ƵǂǗ ǹƢǸǓ (Ʊ)
ƤȈǿǂƫ ƩȏƢǸƬƷơ ǺǷ DzȈǴǬƬdzơȁ ƧƽƢȀnjdzƢƥ Ɣȏƽȍơ ŚLjȈƫȁ ǥơǂNjȍơ ƨLJǁƢǸŠ ƧƢǔǬǴdz ƵƢǸLjdzơȁ
.śȈǻƢLjǨǻ ƔơŐƻ śȈǠƫ ȁƗ ƧƽƢȀnjdzƢƥ Ɣȏƽȍơ ȄǴǟ ƾǟƢLjƫ ƩơȁƽƗ DZƢǸǠƬLJƢƥ ȐưǷ Ǯdzƿȁ DzǨǘdzơ
ƨdzƢǨǰƥ Ʊơǂǧȍơ ǹƘnjƥ ƨǏƢƻ ǕȁǂNj ǞǓȁȁ ƨǸǯƢƄơ DzƦǫ ǶȀƬŭơ ǃƢƴƬƷƢƥ ǂǷȋơ (Ʊ)
ƨȈƸǔdzƢƥ DZƢǐƫȏơ ǵƾǠƥ ȆǔǬƫ
ǶȀƬŭơ ȄǴǟ ƨȇŐŪơ ƨǷƢǫȍơ Ǒǂǧ ( ƽ)
DzƦǫÊ ǺǷ ƨȇƢǸūơ ƢƆƦLJƢǼǷȁ ƢƆǼǰŲ Ǯdzƿ ǹƢǯ ŕǷ ƽȂȀnjdzơȁ ƢȇƢƸǔdzơ DZƢǨǗȋơ ƶǼǷ (ǿ)
.ǶǿƽȂƳȁ ǺǯƢǷƗ Ǻǟ Ǧnjǰdzơ ǵƾǟ ǹƢǸǓȁ ȃǂƻƗ ƨƦLJƢǼǷ ƧDŽȀƳƗ ȁƗ ƨǗǂnjdzơ