Professional Documents
Culture Documents
APPROVALS
China Academy of Launch China Great Wall Industry China Satellite Launch &
Vehicle Technology Corporation Tracking Control General
(CALT) (CGWIC) (CLTC)
[ Intentionally Blank ]
FOREWORD
This Long March 3A (LM-3A) Series Launch Vehicle User’s Manual is intended to provide
the essential technical and programmatic information on the LM-3A, LM-3B, LM-3B
Enhanced (LM-3BE) and LM-3C launch vehicles for the customers’ preliminary mission
planning and spacecraft design. The Manual also provides information of the launch site
facilities, the documentation required, typical launch processing, the mission analysis
requirements and details of the additional engineering support available to the customer’s
mission. This Manual is to be used as the baseline for using the LM-3A Series launch
vehicle, and the detailed requirements will be defined in the relevant technical documents of
the launch services contract.
This Manual will be updated as necessary. The updated information will be provided to
existing customers. The current version and all updates will also be posted to the
www.cgwic.com and www.calt.com web site for download as needed.
This Issue will supersede any information given in the previous issues or occasions.
Users of this Manual are encouraged to contact the offices listed below to discuss the LM-3A
Series launch vehicle and how the Long March (LM) launch vehicles can meet the user’s
requirements.
REVISION HISTORY
CEN Zheng
LM-3A Series Launch Completely revised compared to
2011 Director General
Vehicle User’s Manual Issue 1999.
LM-3A Series
PREFACE
China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) evolved from China
Aerospace Corporation, which was created from the Fifth Academy of the Ministry of
National Defense established on October 8, 1956. The Fifth Academy was expanded into
the Seventh Ministry of Machinery Industry and underwent further changes through the
Ministry of Space Industry, the Ministry of Aerospace Industry and China Aerospace
Industry Corporation, from which CASC was formally founded on July 1, 1999 with the
approval of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China. CASC is a large
state-owned enterprise group with its own internationally recognized brands such as Long
March and Shenzhou. CASC has developed its own intellectual properties in the space
industry, and it has an outstanding record for its core business and is highly competitive in
the international market. As an institutional investor authorized by the State Council, CASC
has eight large R&D and production entities in addition to China Great Wall Industry
Corporation, plus many other institutions and companies directly subordinated to it. CASC’s
primary business includes research, design, manufacture and launch of space systems and
products, such as launch vehicles, satellites and manned spaceships.
China Great Wall Industry Corporation (CGWIC) is a launch services provider offering low
risk and reliable solutions to deliver the customers’ satellites into a wide range of orbits. The
launch services are provided directly through CGWIC, which is the exclusive commercial
organization authorized by the Chinese Government to offer Long March launch services to
the international market. As the prime contractor for launch services, CGWIC is responsible
for marketing launch services, negotiation and implementation of the launch services
contract. CGWIC provides the customer with a single point of contact for all communications
related to launch services contract.
China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT) is the designer and manufacturer of
LM-3A Series launch vehicles and is a subcontractor for launch services. CALT is
responsible for the launch vehicle design, development, manufacture, testing, mission
analyses, launch vehicle technical interface coordination and flight safety engineering.
China Satellite Launch and Tracking Control General (CLTC) is in charge of China’s TT&C
network and launch sites, including XSLC, JSLC and TSLC. As the subcontractor of Long
March launch services, CLTC is responsible for the TT&C and launch site technical and
interface coordination, launch site operations, launch control and launch site safety.
In cooperation with CALT and CLTC, CGWIC has established an outstanding launch record
that clearly demonstrates the high reliability of Long March launch vehicles and their ability
to deliver the customers’ satellite into designed orbit in an accurate and reliable manner.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
Acronym Meaning
Right Ascension of Ascending Node
Argument of perigee
A
A Ampere(s)
a Semi-major Axis
A/D Analog to Digital
ADS Autonomous Destruction System
AIT Assembly, Integration and Test
B
BACC Beijing Aerospace Control Center
BL Launch Vehicle Processing Building
BM Solid Propellant Motor Testing and Processing Building
BMX X-ray Building
BS SC Test and Fueling Building
BS2 SC Non-Hazardous Operation Building
BS3 SC Hazardous Operation Building
°C Degree(s) Celsius
CALT China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology
CASC China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
CAST China Academy of Space Technology
CDR Critical Design Review
CDS Command Destruction System
CGWIC China Great Wall Industry Corporation
CLA Coupled Loads Analysis
CLTC China Satellite Launch and Tracking Control General
CoG Center of Gravity
COTE Check-Out Test Equipment
CS Command Shutdown
CTS LM-2C Top Stage
D
D/A Digital to Analog
dB Decibel(s)
dBm Decibel(s) Relative to 1 Miliwatt
dBW Decibel(s) Relative to 1 Watt
dBpT Decibel(s) Relative to 1 Picotesla
dBV Decibel(s) Relative to 1 Microvolt
Deg, ° Degree(s)
Dia Diameter
E
e Eccentricity
Acronym Meaning
EDC Effective Date of the Contract
EGSE Electrical Ground Support Equipment
EIRP Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power
EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility
EMI Electromagnetic Interference
EPKM LM-2E Perigee Kick Motor
F
f Frequency
FER Fore-positioned Equipment Rooms
FM Frequency Modulation
FMAR Final Mission Analysis Review
FMH Free Molecular Heating
G
g Acceleration of Gravity
GEO Geostationary Earth Orbit
GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
GTO Geostationary Transfer Orbit
H
Ha Height of Apogee
Hp Height of Perigee
Hr Hour(s)
Hz Hertz
I
i Inclination
ICD Interface Control Document
IFD In-Flight Disconnector
IMU Inertial Measurement Unit
IRD Interface Requirement Document
J
JSLC Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
K
kg Kilogram(s)
km Kilometer(s)
kN Kilo-Newton(s)
kPa Kilo-Pascal(s)
kW Kilo-Watt(s)
L
LC Launch Complex
LCC Launch Control Center
LEO Low Earth Orbit
LEOP Launch and Early Orbit Phase
LH2 Liquid Hydrogen
LM Long March
LM-3BE LM-3B Enhanced
LOX Liquid Oxygen
LRR Launch Readiness Review
LSC Launch Services Contract
LV Launch Vehicle
M
m Meter(s)
mA Mili-Ampere(s)
Acronym Meaning
ms Mili-second(s)
Max Maximum
MCCC Mission Command and Control Center
MDP Maximum Dynamic Pressure
MEO Medium Earth Orbit
min Minute(s)
MM, mm Millimeter(s)
MMH Monomethyl Hydrazine
MRS Minimum Residual Shutdown
m/s Meter(s) per second
N
N Newton(s)
N2 Nitrogen
N2O4 Nitrogen Tetroxide
N/A Not Applicable
O
Oct. Octave
P
Pa Pascal(s)
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
PFD Power Flux Density
PLA Payload Adapter
PLF Payload Fairing
PMAR Preliminary Mission Analysis Review
PPB Payload Preparation Building
PSR Pre-Shipment Review
PUS Propellant Utilization System
Q
Q Quality Factor
R
RAAN Right Ascension of the Ascending Node
rad Radian(s)
Rx Receive
RF Radio Frequency
RHCP Right Hand Circular Polarization
rpm Round(s) per minute
S
s, sec Second(s)
SAST Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology
SC, S/C Spacecraft / Satellite
SGTO Super Geostationary Transfer Orbit
SOW Statement of Work
SPM Solid Propellant Motor
sq Square
SSO Sun Synchronous Orbit
STE Satellite Test Equipment
T
t Ton(s)
TAS Thales Alenia Space
TIM Technical Interchange Meeting
Tx Transmit
Acronym Meaning
TSLC Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center
TT&C Telemetry, Tracking and Control
U
UDMH Unsymmetrical Dimethyl Hydrazine
UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply
V
V Volt, Velocity
VEB Vehicle Equipment Bay
vs Versus
W
W Watt(s)
W/m2 Watt(s) Per Square Meter
WSLC Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Center
X
XSCC Xi’an Satellite Control Center
XSLC Xichang Satellite Launch Center