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da hegemonia norte-americanaɲ
Maria da Conceição Tavares
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Introdução
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dos desajustes provocados pela política norte-americana ainda não terminaram
HVHXVHIHLWRVJOREDLVQmRSRGHPVHUDLQGDLQWHLUDPHQWHDYDOLDGRVTXHUGRSRQ-
WRGHYLVWDGDLQDXJXUDomRGHXPDQRYDGLYLVmRLQWHUQDFLRQDOGRWUDEDOKRTXHU
mesmo de uma trajetória provável da economia mundial nas décadas à frente.
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236 Maria da Conceição Tavares: vida, ideias, teorias e políticas

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da velha “ordem bipolar”, criou-se uma situação de instabilidade estrutural em
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]DGDQDSRWrQFLDKHJHP{QLFD±DSHVDUGHQmRKDYHUFRQVROLGDGRXPGRPtQLR
(imperiumTXHJDUDQWLVVHDVXSUHVVmRGRVFRQÀLWRVLQWHUQDFLRQDLVSHORH[HU-
cício de uma gendarmerieJOREDOSHUPDQHQWH±OLPLWDGHFLVLYDPHQWHDH¿FiFLD
GRV(VWDGRV1DFLRQDLVFRPRDJHQWHVGHSRGHUVREHUDQRFRPSURPHWHQGRLQ-
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GRVGRLVH[³VXEVLVWHPDV´RVFKDPDGRV³EORFRRFLGHQWDO´H³EORFRVRFLDOLVWD´
RFRUUHUDPSURIXQGDVPXGDQoDVSROtWLFDVTXHDLQGDHVWmRHPFXUVR$RVDYDQ-
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cios e principais competidores no mundo capitalista. Por seu turno, as ini-
ciativas da “diplomacia das armas” (notadamente a corrida armamentista e
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GHIRUPDVLVWHPiWLFDPHGLDQWHRDSRLRHDSUHVVmRGDSRWrQFLDKHJHP{QLFD
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mundo contemporâneo não é o resultado espontâneo do aumento da com-
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OLEHUDGDGHUHWRPDGDGDKHJHPRQLDPXQGLDODSDUWLUGDGpFDGDGHVHWHQWD
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 Hildete Pereira de Melo (Org.) 237

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dente para a maioria dos países do mundo.

A diplomacia do dólar
Periodização e fatos estilizados

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±'yODUIRUWHDSROtWLFD9ROFNHUGHFKRTXHGHMXURVHPVHWHPEURGHɲɺɸɺ
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IRUoDQGRGHVYDORUL]Do}HVVXFHVVLYDVGHWRGDVDVPRHGDVLQWHUQDFLRQDLVUHOH-
vantes frente à moeda americana;
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FRUWHGHÀDFLRQLVWDGHÀDJUDPIRUWHUHFHVVmRPXQGLDODWpɲɺɹɴSURYRFDQGRD
TXHGDGRVSUHoRVGDVcommodities e a deterioração dos termos de troca dos
SDtVHVH[SRUWDGRUHVGHPDWpULDVSULPDVTXHDIHWDPSULQFLSDOPHQWHRVFRQ-
tinentes americano e africano;
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VHVEDQFiULDVHFDPELDLVHPWUrVFRQWLQHQWHVFRPHoDQGRSHOD3RO{QLDEDQ-
FRVDOHPmHVHVWHQGHQGRVHj$PpULFD/DWLQDEDQFRVDPHULFDQRVLQJOHVHVH
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ViULRSULYDWL]DURVEDQFRVS~EOLFRVHHQWUHJiORVDRVJUDQGHVFRQJORPHUDGRV
GHYHGRUHV2VEDQFRVDPHULFDQRVVmRIRUWHPHQWHDWLQJLGRVHPIXQomRGDHOH-
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238 Maria da Conceição Tavares: vida, ideias, teorias e políticas

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os mercados futuros de câmbio;
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GRVGHSURFHGrQFLDFKLQHVDHDOLPHQWDGDVSHORPRYLPHQWRGHH[SDQVmRGDV
trading companies japonesas.

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± 'HVYDORUL]DomR GR GyODU IRUoDGD SHOD GHFLVmR SROtWLFD GR )HGHUDO
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GHɲɺɹɶHGR/RXYUHIHYHUHLURGHɲɺɹɸ2EDQFRFHQWUDODOHPmRDVVXPHD
coordenação das políticas cambiais europeias tendo em vista a ampliação do
6LVWHPD0RQHWiULR(XURSHX60(QDGLUHomRGHXPDPRHGD~QLFD
±'HVUHJXODomRGRVSULQFLSDLVPHUFDGRVGHFDSLWDLVLQLFLDGDFRPDCity
londrina (“Big Bang´HPɳɸɲɱɲɺɹɷpVHJXLGDSRUVXFHVVmRGHFULVHVFR-
PHoDQGRSHODEROVDGH1RYD<RUNɲɺɲɱɲɺɹɸDWLQJLQGRRVPHUFDGRVLPR-
ELOLiULRVɲɺɹɺH¿QDOPHQWHD%ROVDGH7yTXLRMDQHLURGHɲɺɺɱ
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JHPGHVGHVLWXDo}HVGHHQGLYLGDPHQWRH[WHUQRGHSDtVHVSHULIpULFRVDWpPHU-
cados de commodities MXURV H FkPELR DOpP GH RXWUDV RSHUDo}HV GH ULVFR
 Hildete Pereira de Melo (Org.) 239

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a competitividade para fora do continente;
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ɳ 2DXPHQWRH[SORVLYRGRVÀX[RV¿QDQFHLURVLQWHUQDFLRQDLVQmRPDLVJXDUGDXPDSURSRU-
cionalidade com as necessidades da economia mundial (La mondialisation du Capital, F.
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240 Maria da Conceição Tavares: vida, ideias, teorias e políticas

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VHVGR*ɸDSDUWLUGHɲɺɹɺ4XDQGRRV(VWDGRV8QLGRVEDL[DPXQLODWHUDO-
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de juros e câmbio, com a saída dos fundos de pensão norte-americanos em
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– Sucessivas bolhas especulativas e crises bancárias com assaltos cambiais
direcionados indistintamente contra países de moedas “fortes” e “fracas” – isto
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Delors, torna-se muito mais custosa e de difícil implementação a partir da crise
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 Hildete Pereira de Melo (Org.) 241

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face da hegemonia americana
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 Hildete Pereira de Melo (Org.) 243

Daí a coordenação, espontânea ou forçada, com o dólar, por parte de to-

dos os bancos centrais relevantes, sob o comando do FED. Como é natural,
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Assimetria no crescimento internacional

e a política da globalização
O período de crescimento iniciado a partir da recuperação da recessão de
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248 Maria da Conceição Tavares: vida, ideias, teorias e políticas

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 Hildete Pereira de Melo (Org.) 249

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 Hildete Pereira de Melo (Org.) 251

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interrompidos por políticas de stop and go.
ɲɱ Fonte: D. Plihon, op. cit.
252 Maria da Conceição Tavares: vida, ideias, teorias e políticas

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ɲɲ Fonte: OECD Economic Outlook,Qɷɱ'HFHPEHUɲɺɺɷ

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