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Introduction to clove: Chemistry, functionality, and techno-applications

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DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-323-85177-0.00003-3

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CHAPTER

Introduction to clove:
Chemistry, functionality,
and techno-applications
1
Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan
Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

1. United Nations sustainable development goals and applications

of medical plants
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDG) offer a sustainable world vision in 2015
(https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org). Regarding food, the way it is cultivated, manufactured,
stored, marketed, transported, and consumed is where the essential link between people and the path
to a sustainable economy is found. The good health and well-being goal is aimed at enhancing a healthy
life, and is linked to the use of health-enhancing medicinal plants and environmentally friendly
methods in food manufacturing (Ramadan, 2021).
Food chemists are searching for novel spices and herbs with health-enhancing properties that might
be designed to enhance health. The recent investigations being carried out will be essential to the way
we eat (McClements, 2019; Ramadan, 2021). Novel spices, herbs, and medicinal plants have been used
to formulate pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Recently, the world’s attention has been directed to
the outbreak of COVID-19. Vicidomini et al. (2021) discussed the role of S. aromaticum in the frame-
work of COVID-19 therapy, focusing on the antiviral, antithrombotic, and antiinflammatory impacts of
S. aromaticum and its bioactive compounds. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that
about 80% of the global population depends on traditional medicine, which uses spices, herbs, medic-
inal plant extracts, and phytochemicals to treat diseases. With the developments in nutraceuticals, there
is great interest in medicinal plants and spices as a rich source for phytochemicals, nutraceuticals, func-
tional foods, and drugs. The extraction of specialty oils, phytoconstituents, and bioactive constituents
has increased due to their fruitful roles. Recent research has studied bioactive constituents and thera-
peutic effects as well as the mode of action and toxicological impacts of phytoextracts, oils, and bio-
active constituents (Ramadan and Moersel, 2003, 2004; Ramadan, 2013, 2020; Hassanien et al., 2015;
Carvalho et al., 2021). The WHO is giving importance to identifying bioactive phytochemicals and
exploring medicinal plants for health benefits. Emphasis has been given to the safety, efficacy, quality
control, quality assurance, toxicity, clinical trials, dosage, therapeutic uses, and drug interactions.

Clove (Syzygium aromaticum). http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85177-0.00003-3

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