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COMPUTATIONAL FLUID
DYNAMICS (CFD)
LABORATORY
Instruction Manual
Energy Transport
COMSOL TUTORIAL 2: HEAT TRANSFER
Consider a cylindrical heating rod which is sheathed by a concentric tube of thickness 0.05
m. The entire assembly is immersed in a fluid and the system is at steady-state, as shown
below. We wish to determine the temperature distribution within the sheath. The temperature
of the heater is constant at 400K. The temperature at R1 is the same as the temperature of the
heater, 400K. The fluid temperature is constant at 300K surrounding sheath at R2. Length of
R2 = 2R1
Copper
400oK
300oK
2
>> Open the COMSOL 4.0 software
MODEL WIZARD
1) In the Space Dimension, select the 3D coordinate system given for the geometry. Click
the next button
2) In the Add Physics, choose Heat Transfer> Heat Transfer in Solids(ht). Click the plus
button to add. Then, click next button
3
3) In the Select Study Type, we click on stationary study, then click the finish button
GEOMETRY
Build Cylinder 1
1) In Model Builder, right click on geometry tab and choose the cylinder
4
2) Let us specify the dimension of the Cylinder 1, then click on build selected
Build Cylinder 2
3) Repeat step 1 and 2, then specify the dimension of the Cylinder 2 as the following figure
below
5
Boolean Operation : Difference
4) Under Model Builder> Untitle.mph> Model> Geometry 1 tab, right click on Geometry
1 and select Boolean Operations> Difference
5) Under Settings> Difference> Objects to add, select the Cylinder 1 and click plus button
to add the object
3
2
6
6) Under Settings> Difference> Objects to subtract, click activate selection button
7) Then, select the Cylinder 2, click plus button to add the object and click build selected
button
3 2
7
MATERIAL
1) In Model Builder, right click and choose Open Material Browser
2) In Material Browser> Materials, select Copper, right click on it and select Add
Material to Model
3) Select Body 1 (whole body) for geometry scope. Make sure density, heat capacity and
thermal conductivity have been filled automatically
8
PHYSICS
1) Under Model Builder> Untitle.mph> Model> Heat Transfer tab, right click on Heat
Transfer tab and select Temperature to assign the Temperature 1
3 2
9
Temperature 2 Boundaries : 300o K
3) Repeat step 1 to assign the Temperature 2. Select boundary 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 10. Then,
define temperature as in following figure
2
3
MESH
1) Find Mesh 1> size then click. We specify the element size as figure below
10
2) 2) Right click on Mesh 1 tab and click Free Triangular. Then, we click build selected
button
11
COMPUTE AND DATA PLOT
1) Under Model Builder> Untitle.mph> Study 1 tab, right click on it and select compute.
Thus, the contour of the model is defined by the following figure
12
Arrow Vector
1) Under Model Builder> Untitle.mph> Results tab, right click on 3D Plot Group 2 and
select Arrow Volume
2) Under Settings> Expression click right click on 3D Plot Group 2. Then, find and click
replace expression button, select Heat Transfer> Total heat flux
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3) Under Settings> Coloring and Style, we fill the scale factor and the color as below. Then,
click plot button
14
Line Graph : Radial Temperature Distribution in z-direction
1) To make vertical line in z-direction in the middle of model (x=0.15m), right click on the
Results>Data Sets tab and choose Cut Line 3D. Then, specify the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis
coordinate as below
2) To make a line plot, right click on Results and choose 1D Plot Group. Then, right click
on Results>1D Plot Group 3 and choose Line Graph
15
Line Graph : Horizontal Temperature Distribution in x-direction
1) To make horizontal line in the middle of model (y=0.075m), repeat the steps for Line
graph for Vertical line. Right click on the Results>Data Sets tab and choose Cut Line 3D.
Then, specify the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis coordinate as below
2) To make a line plot, right click on Results and choose 1D Plot Group. Then, right click
on Results>1D Plot Group 3 and choose Line Graph
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LAB 2 ASSIGNMENT
1) Plot the radial temperature distribution in z-direction. Follow the step in page 15. The x-
coordinate for individual group is given in the table below.
Group X(m)
1 0.01
2 0.03
3 0.09
4 0.12
5 0.15
6 0.18
7 0.21
8 0.24
9 0.27
10 0.30
3) Click on Image Snapshot and save the plot of radial temperature distribution in z-direction on to
the desktop. Export to Microsoft Word Document.
4) By using Image Snapshot, export the following images to the same word document.
5) Write down group name and the group members that present.
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