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MAT 112a -
Basic Statistics

Prayer

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The Median

Where:
XLB – lower boundary of the median class
cfp – cumulative frequency preceding the median class
n – number of cases
f – frequency of the median class
i – class size/width 3

Other Measures of Position (QUANTILES)

1. Quartile (Qk )
▪ divides the distribution into 4 equal parts

2. Decile (Dk )
▪ divides the distribution into 10 equal parts

3. Percentile (Pk )
▪ divides the distribution into 100 equal parts
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The Quartile

Where:
XLB – lower boundary of the quartile class
cfp – cumulative frequency preceding the quartile class
n – number of cases
f – frequency of the quartile class
i – class size/width
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The Decile

Where:
XLB – lower boundary of the decile class
cfp – cumulative frequency preceding the decile class
n – number of cases
f – frequency of the decile class
i – class size/width
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The Percentile

Where:
XLB – lower boundary of the percentile class
cfp – cumulative frequency preceding the percentile class
n – number of cases
f – frequency of the percentile class
i – class size/width 7

Exercise

**Using the frequency distribution below, find:

1. Q3 2. D4 3. D9 4. P88 5. P2
X f
56 – 62 3
49 – 55 12
42 – 48 10
35 – 41 10
28 – 34 8
21 – 27 7
14 – 20 6
8
7 – 13 4

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Measures of Variability

▪ The statistical tool used to describe the degree to which scores/

observations are scattered.
▪ It is used to determine the degree of consistency / homogeneity of
scores.

o range
o mean absolute deviation
o semi – interquartile range/ quartile deviation
o variance
o standard deviation
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Formulas (Ungrouped Data)

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Exercise:

Given the following

data, find the range,
MAD, variance and the
standard deviation.
20, 26, 40, 39, 35

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Application:

• Two seemingly equally excellent students are vying for an

academic honor where only one must have to be chosen to get
the award. The following are their grades which are used as a
basis for giving the award.
• Student A: 90, 92, 92, 94, 95
• Student B: 90, 91, 93, 94, 95

•Who do you think deserves the award? Why?

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Guiding Principle

The lesser the value of the measure, the more

consistent, the more homogenous and the less
scattered are the observations in the set of
data.

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Formulas (Grouped Data)

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Exercise:

X f
**Using the given frequency 36 – 40 8
distribution on scores of students
in a test, find: 31 – 35 10

▪ Range 26 – 30 10
21 – 25 12
▪ MAD
16 – 20 11
▪ QD
11 – 15 8
▪ Variance
6 – 10 7
▪ Standard Deviation
1–5 4
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Your Turn

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